Search

Based on the analysis of the factors of leisure consumption potential system, this paper constructs the measurement and evaluation model, and collects the relevant data from 1998 to 2017 to comprehensively measure the leisure consumption potential of Taiwan residents. Meanwhile, from the perspective of coupling and coordination, this paper studies the leisure consumption potential of Taiwan residents. The main conclusions are as follows: First, the leisure consumption environment has a relatively large impact on the leisure consumption potential of Taiwan residents, and the participation of culture and leisure activities is particularly critical. Second, the comprehensive measurement results show that the leisure consumption potential of Taiwan residents generally maintains a gradient upward trend, and the potential level has jumped to a medium-high level. Third, the subsystem measurement found that the leisure consumption expenditure index and the leisure consumption environment index of Taiwan residents increased significantly, and the subsystem index grades had significant differences in time distribution. Fourth, The coordination degree analysis further finds that the leisure consumption potential of Taiwan residents is always in the stage of coordinated development and the coordination level is steadily increasing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective/Meaning】Rural study trip is a new mode and effective way to promote the integrated development of agriculture, culture and tourism and drive the coordinated development of regional economy and society under the background of national implementation of Rural Revitalization Strategy.【Methods/Procedures】This paper conducted a preliminary investigation and analysis of the favorable conditions for the development of rural study in Fujian Province, then summarized the current situation and trends of the development of educational farms in Taiwan and the main practices of developing educational farms, and then proposed supporting countermeasures for promoting the development of rural study in Fujian at present.【Results/Conclusions】It is believed that under the new situation in the new era, Fujian should conduct practical exploration in terms of further integrating resources, digging deeper into local historical and cultural connotations, scientifically developing rural special study products, and strengthening market supervision. In particular, we should study and learn from the main practices and experiences of developing educational farms in Taiwan, rely on the rich study resources and local characteristics of rural Fujian, and work together to create rural study tours with Fujian characteristics from strengthening the construction of study bases, forming professional study teams, developing diversified rural study products, improving study curriculum systems, preparing digital rural study platforms, and encouraging rural study school-enterprise cooperation. Fujian Province should work together to create a rural study brand with Fujian characteristics, promote the sustainable and healthy development of rural study trip, and drive the overall revitalization of the countryside. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the main problems and transformation objectives of the current classification control of territorial space, and provides insight for its system construction. Through studying the transformation process from the dual urban and non-urban management system to overall spatial control in Taiwan, the general framework and legal system of land-use zoning are summarized. It is found that land-use zoning in Taiwan is implemented as a basic tool to achieve planning goals, and the zoning classification system is complete. Moreover, a system of rules and regulations has been formed. Based on the similar background of spatial integration and the general goal of territorial space, it is suggested that a general zoning system is established for global space, and a framework is conceptualized by combining the existing "three-types in five-level" spatial planning system. Finally, the paper concludes by discussing experiences and different pathways toward integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective/Meaning】The rapid growth of the financial industry presented a trend of diversification of talent demand, and it has become more and more important to optimize the mode of talent training to serve the financial development. By analyzing and drawing lessons from the experience of financial talent training accumulated in Taiwan, it would be helpful to enrich the financial talent training system in the Chinese mainland and help the development and growth of the financial industry. 【Methods/Procedures】Through the methods of literature retrieval and case analysis, the training mode of financial talents in Taiwan was summarized in this paper, and by drawing lessons from its experience and avoiding its deficiencies, some countermeasures for developing and improving the training system of financial talents in the Chinese mainland were put forward. 【Results/Conclusions】The research found that, the training mode of financial talents in Taiwan belonged to the management discipline according to the current demand of the island’s economic and financial industry, attached importance to the combination of financial theory and financial management ability, and highlighted the wealth appreciation function of serving the individuals, families and enterprises, but there were also some limitations of relatively single training mode and serious homogeneity. Therefore, it was suggested that the Chinese mainland should strengthen the differences in financial talent training based on the macro strategies such as the financial market internationalization and the rural revitalization; the research-oriented universities should focus on the cultivation of comprehensive quality and innovation ability such as the macroeconomics and financial theory, so as to serve the internationalization of financial market; while the colleges and universities should pay attention to the training of the basic financial quality and the practical financial operation ability, and strengthen the training of rural financial talents, so as to serve the development of local economy and rural financial industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, researches on mindfulness in Europe and the United States have been booming. Mindfulness is generally used in a variety of fields, such as medicine, psychotherapy, health care, business and education. Mindfulness in schools is also becoming more and more popular. Mindfulness, perceived in a particular way, is purposeful awareness in the present moment and being nonjudgmental. Research shows that mindfulness can not only reduce anxiety and depression, but also promote concentration, emotional management and human relationships. Mindfulness promotes happiness and self-compassion. Mindfulness has its effects in cognitive performance, interpersonal skills, emotional intelligence and stress management. The aim of this paper is tantamount to understand the impact of mindfulness in the school at Taiwan. The systematic review and meta-analysis used data from thesis, dissertations, and peer review journals from 1991 to 2016 as inputs in understanding the impact of mindfulness in the school at Taiwan. Twenty-six studies were identified. In total, 2279 students were instructed in mindfulness, with 1250 serving as control group and 1029 as treated group, ranging from kindergartens to colleges. A meta-analysis is applied as the research method in order to understand the differences between the experimental group and the control group and to examine the overall effect and heterogeneity. According to the results of heterogeneity test, the effect model was selected and the moderators were concerned, such as the age of participants, the duration of mindfulness intervention and the category of mindfulness effect. This study utilized CMA (Comprehensive Meta-Analysis) statistical analysis software for meta-analysis. CMA proposed publication error verification. The study of failed-safe N = 11.38905 (p = .000), reaching a significant level of .001, indicating no publication bias. The results revealed that overall effect sizes were medium and positive. Among groups for domains were stress management, cognitive performance, emotional intelligence and interpersonal skills, which effect sizes were all positive. The mindfulness intervention time within 1-8 weeks was the best, and the effect of mindfulness was no significant differences in ages. Overall, the benefits of mindfulness in schools were positive. Finally, according to the research findings, practical suggestions for educational policy-making and researches were proposed. In educational practice, school authorities can systematically arrange various mindfulness training courses based on the needs of students and faculty members, including: (1) mindfulness and empowering courses for teachers, (2) academic achievement mindfulness courses, (3) emotion management mindfulness courses, (4) mindfulness-based stress reduction courses, (5) mindfulness general elective courses. In research limitations and future research, according to the conclusions of this study, the effect of mindfulness training has its effect in cognitive performance, stress management, emotional management and interpersonal skills. However, the diversity of study samples, vary in implementation and training, and a wide range of instruments and differentiated examination of data were difficult to be identified, too. There was great heterogeneity. Many studies were underpowered, and measuring effects of mindfulness in this setting was challenging. Based on this study, mindfulness training implemented in each research paper has its own different approach. Therefore, if future studies can explore the effects of mindfulness produced by different mindfulness training, so that participants can join in different mindfulness training according to their needs. Furthermore, for the prediction of the effects of mindfulness, there should be more precise theoretical basis for understanding and explaining the psychological mechanism of mindfulness, such as when and why the impacts of mindfulness happen. Through this study, it may also enrich the theory of psychology, and, in addition, the development of mindfulness measurement tools, so that it can lead to a more correct measurement of the mindfulness. According to different purposes of mindfulness to seek the appropriate mindfulness scale, the research will come to a better result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of qingxiang (fresh and fragrant) high-mountain tea in the early 1980s marked an important transformation in Taiwan’s tea industry and consumptive culture, resulting in a “qingxiang trend” influencing Taiwanese and even Chinese partly-fermented tea manufacturing and consumption. Taiwan’s tea manufacturing style was inherited from Anxi and Wuyi, in Fujian. This style stressed heavy fermentation and a refined baking process to produce a special roasted flavor. This tradition, in terms of both tasting and manufacturing, significantly changed in the 1980s as the qingxiang flavor marked by light fermentation and non-roasting became popular. This new trend has since affected various Taiwan teas, including Baozhong, Oriental Beauty, Dongding oolong, and Tieguanyin, and eventually influenced Anxi’s time-honored Tieguanyin manufacturing tradition in the late 1990s. By exploring the social life of Taiwan’s qingxiang taste, this article aims to reveal the rich political, social and cultural processes involved in the emergence of this newly created taste category to discuss on the one had how interactions between historical actors, including tea farmers, experts, merchants, and consumer, and object (tea in this case) have been brought into its materialization, and on the other hand, how the formation of qingxiang taste has become a driving force affecting the political economy and technological development of Taiwan’s tea industry. This “social life of taste” approach originated from the Thematic Research Project titled “Culture, Qi and Traditional Medicine” organized by academician Yih-Yuan Li in 1997. This paper is to memorialize his long-time contribution to the Institute of Ethnology and to Taiwanese anthropology as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the historical development and mutual construction of cultural identity through looking at the interaction of art of tea between China and Taiwan. Borrowing insights from theories about cultural identity and the paradox of constructing cultural authenticity, this paper aims to show that the development of the Taiwanese art of tea offers insights into Taiwan’s economic and social change in the past few decades, as well as Taiwan’s paradox of political and cultural identification. It raises questions about why the Taiwanese art of tea is having a great impact on China, what aspirations are embedded in mainland Chinese demand for Taiwan’s art of tea, and what are the Taiwanese reactions to this demand. Furthermore, why have there been so many constant changes and innovations in the Taiwanese art of tea, and what are the driving forces behind these changes and innovations? In addition, what are the sources and more original cultural formats that Taiwanese tea persons have incorporated and adapted from? What struggles have they experienced and how do they look at self and others in this adaptation process? Based on ethnographic participation in tea gatherings and interviews with practitioners of the art of tea in Taiwan and China, this paper shows that the Taiwanese art of tea, although seen by people from China as the authentic model of traditional Chinese culture, has gone through uneven paths along with the changes in Taiwan’s economy and society. It has incorporated multiple elements including Chao-Shan gongfu tea, the Japanese Way of Tea, as well as Taiwanese self-creations. The paradox, contained in Taiwanese politics and mirrored through the case of the art of tea, is displayed by the strategies of selecting whom to identify with or be distinct from; but at the same time the paradox also becomes the dynamic power driving the Taiwanese art of tea, as well as the whole society, towards ceaseless innovation. The paper first provides background on the aspiration for cultural authenticity by mainland Chinese, as a means of opening discussions about the mutual construction of cultural identity, as well as highlighting the context of intimate cultural interactions across the Taiwan Strait. A brief history of Taiwan follows and brings along information about how the enduring tensions across the Strait have shaped the communication of tea culture historically and in the present. Next, against the simplified saying that Taiwan ‘preserves’ the authentic traditional culture, the paper traces the development of the art of tea in Taiwan to show how it becomes part of Taiwanese cultural creation and reconstruction from the 1970s through the 1990s. The paper then explores how the reconstruction of the art of tea is associated with selected cultural identities, namely how Taiwanese practitioners of the art of tea choose whether to adopt a Japanese or Chinese cultural legacy under different conditions. Finally, it illustrates how Taiwanese tea persons look at the ongoing practice of the art of tea in mainland China with criticism as well as with paradoxical attitudes. The paper concludes with a discussion about how cultural authenticity in Taiwan has been constructed paradoxically yet with vitality. The paper, while showing the influence of the art of tea brought by Taiwan to China, also raises potential questions as to how the impact might be turned the other way round due to the increasing economic power of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the survey of donation websites of academic universities in Taiwan, this paper inves-tigates the characteristics of the donation work carried out in these libraries on aspects of donation websites development, fundraising programs, donation regulations, donation items, and then discusses how to im¬prove the donation work in mainland academic libraries from seven aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is widely recognized that Taiwanese democrat Wan-chu Lee, a so-called half-mainlander who spent a good part of his career in China, was in general in favor of democracy in his coping with the national issue. However, this paper argues that his understanding of the Chinese nation is primarily a cultural nation and he gave this cultural identity an authentic reading that is not to be transcended by his promotion of democracy. Despite that the prospect for democracy was aborted by the actual development in China, his identification with cultural China never faded away. This paper traces the evolution of his cultural identity and how he was able to stay with it throughout his career. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzed Taiwan's tobacco control policy by the impact of political and social affects. Through the data from intensive interview, legislative records and News reports, the research finding showed: most passed tobacco control policies were undertaken by the department of public health sector, but policies that removed vested interests were usually be blocked during the policy making process in Legislative Yuan. Due to the political and social interactive factors, Taiwan's tobacco control policies had unbalanced results. According to the MPOWER index by WHO, we had better performance in tobacco monitoring, offering help to quit tobacco use, enforcing bans on tobacco advertisement, promotion and sponsorship, but had worse performance in the protecting people from tobacco use, warning the dangers of tobacco, and raising taxes on tobacco. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The challenge of youth unemployment has led to a great demand for youth continuing education in Taiwan. While young people want continuing education to increase their competitiveness, the government also hopes that it will increase youth employment. This paper explores the strategies and trends in youth continuing education in Taiwan. First, it illustrates that there is a strong demand for youth continuing education when individuals face social change and difficulties in career development. Second, it introduces youth continuing education programmes that address these needs, and it explains the different strategies of continuing education. Finally, it summarizes recent trends in youth continuing education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Being single is a rapidly growing social phenomenon in Taiwan. As a result of various life courses and experiences between traditional and contemporary society facing social change, the single are presently developing more diversified and flexible perspectives than before, whether they are voluntarily single or not. This paper describes the phenomenon of being single in Taiwan by looking at marital attitudes, related factors resulting in being single, and the challenges of being single in order to comprehend other perspectives toward marriage in Chinese society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mazu..., the goddess of sea, not only symbolically protects fishermen and sailors, but also officially serves as a prototype of worship for praying for safety from disaster and disease during the Qing Dynasty. From a local sea goddess, Mazu had ultimately become the official goddess worshipped in coastal provinces after numerous praises by the emperors. This essay will begin with an exploration of the systematic architecture of Tian Hou (..., heavenly empress) temples; this will be followed by a discussion of some examples, including the Hui-ji temple ... in the imperial garden of Beijing , the Sea-god temple ... in Haining county of Zhejiang province and the Tian Hou Temples in Meizhou(... ) and Quanzhou.... By contrasting their architectural space scheme and spatial structure with the examples from Taiwan, this paper shows that some local spatial characteristics can be traced from the official Tian Hou temple. The following conclusions are revealed: (1) The established date of the Tian Hou temple was before the constitution of the local government; (2) The site of the Tian Hou temple was often set near main routes of sea transportation; (3) The type and relationships between the Mazu icons and those of other subordinated gods were similar to those in other local temples; (4)Some other official gods are also being co-worshiped in the Tian Hou temple. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]