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Oats have been paid more and more attention because of their high nutritional value and economic benefits. In view of the inconsistency of grain maturation in the same plant caused low maturity of grains is difficult to desquamate, so the content of grains with skin (shell) is high, which affects the harvest quality and subsequent processing. The oat-grains are strong and tough, are not easy to break, this paper according to the special characteristics of oat-grains, combined with the advantages of rubbing resistance, put forward a scheme to purify oat-grains. The scheme used the advantages of strong toughness and rubbing resistance to rub and remove the shell (peel) of the oat-grains first, then cleaned the grains with negative pressure clearance. It could avoid the disadvantages of miscellaneous surplus and separate the grain easier. This paper used the principle of rubbing grain peel (shell) and negative pressure clearance, designed a high degree of clarity and low loss oat grain purification device to solve the problem of high clutter content of oat grain caused by the large grains with shell. The device used a vertical conical rubbing roller to rub and treat the miscellaneous residues of oat leather grain and so on, and used the negative pressure cleaning room to clear and remove the clutter in the oat grain. The device could achieve the high cleanliness and low loss result, improve the quality of oat grains harvesting, and avoid the loss of grains, finally achieved the goal of increasing harvest yield and improving grain quality. In this study, the factors affecting including the speed of rubbing roller, the air speed of miscellany expert and the bezel length were analyzed and screened, and the clean ratio and loss ratio were used as the evaluation indicators. A single factor test was carried out to determine the range of optimal values for each influencing factor, and multivariate regression test was carried out on the basis of the single factor test. The multivariate regression model of test factors and evaluation indicators were established and solved, and the response surface analysis of the influence of 2 factors on the evaluation index was processed. The parameter values after optimization were validated. The test results showed that the single factor affecting the performance index of the device was 700-900 r/min of the roller speed, the air speed of miscellany expert was 12-16 m/s, the bezel length was 15-25 cm. The multivariate regression test results in a better combination of parameters: the roller speed was 816 r/min, the air speed of miscellany expert was 13.8 m/s, the bezel length was 20.5 cm, then the clean ratio of the index was 99.23% and the loss ratio was 1.53%. When the optimization parameter combination condition was pressed, the verification test results were trusted within the allowed test error within 3%. This study provides a reference and experimental basis for improving the technical level of oat harvesting machinery in China and the development of subsequent oat food processing machinery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precise seeding on point is a wheat seeding method which can control the spatial distribution of seeds in the soil effectively and strive to achieve equal seeding amount, grain spacing and seeding depth, so as to further improve the seeding quality of wheat. In order to achieve this goal, the organic combination of precision seeding and accurate seed casting was put forward. The functions of quantitative seed separation and stable seed transportation of seeder were integrated into the seed casting device to change the form of seed transportation, so as to realize the precision fixed seeding of single grain of wheat. This paper put forward a method based on seed adsorption, point perforation and precision seeding. According to this method, the pinhole-tube wheat precision seeding device was designed. The main working principle is as follows: The outer wall of the seeding wheel is pressed on the soil, and the pinhole seed suction tube is inserted into the soil. When the seeding wheel rolls, the pinhole seed suction tube is driven to rotate. The pneumatic distribution mechanism is connected with the fan that is divided into negative pressure area and positive pressure area to provide pressure for the pinhole seed suction tube in the position of seeding and throwing. The pinhole seed suction tube with negative pressure picks up the seeds in the seed box, and transports the seeds to the soil with the rotation of the seeding wheel. When the pinhole seed suction tube reaches the designated seed drop point, it is in the positive pressure area of the pneumatic distribution mechanism. The seed suction hole changes from negative pressure to positive pressure, and seeds are blown into the soil to complete the sowing. According to the number of basic seedlings required by precision seeding method, the planting frequency was calculated to determine the plant spacing. The appropriate directional planting distance was 2.73 cm and the spacing angle in seeding wheel of pinhole seed suction tube was 15.65°. When the pinhole seed suction tube was inserted into the soil, the rotation of seeding wheel and other factors would produce displacement in the soil. The stirring distance in the soil was 7.86 cm by calculating, which was greater than the plant spacing. 3 rows should be arranged because of the less the row number of pinhole seed suction tube, the greater the absolute distance between 2 plants. The seed suction hole diameter had a great influence on seed suction effect by studying the principle of pinhole seed suction tube to absorb seed. The mechanical model of seed suction was established when seed suction holes were arranged in different positions of pinhole seed suction tube. The factors arranged from largest to smallest by the seed suction force requirement was reverse side of contact soil surface, top surface and contact soil surface. It was concluded that it would have a great influence on seed suction by analyzing the seed suction surface shape of pinhole seed suction tube. Therefore, the above 3 factors were taken as influencing factors, and the orthogonal test was conducted with the parameters of leakage seed index, multiple seed index and single seed index. The optimum combination was obtained as follows: the seed suction hole position was in the top surface, the seed suction hole diameter was 2 mm, and the seed suction surface shape was convex. Under the condition of optimal parameter combination, the experimental results showed that the leakage seed index was 4.1%, the multiple seed index was 7.3%, and the single seed index was 88.6%, which met the design requirements. By analyzing the experimental data, it was concluded that the 3 factors had significant influence on the experimental results. The reliability of the theoretical analysis results was verified by comparing with the experimental results. The rationality analysis of the differences between the results and analysis is carried out to lay a foundation for further research. It provides a reference for the design and performance improvement of precision seeding machinery and promotes the development of precise seeding on point of wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large number of rice “standing-stalk” and “stubble” will remain in the paddy field after the rice is harvested by a combined harvester. At present, the harvest rate of rice “standing-stalk” and “stubble” remained in the paddy field after joint harvest using single baling machine is low. The single baling machine is usually pulled by a tractor which causes intermittent collection and baling of stubble in paddy field. The working efficiency of traditional baling machine is low due to the halt of the baling machine when unloading the baling wire. In this paper, threshing and cleaning device and the grain tank in existing rice and wheat combine harvester were replaced with round baling device. The rice and wheat combine harvester, in which threshing and cleaning device and grain tank were disassembled, was used as the self-propelled tracked collection platform. A design idea of setting collecting device at the exit of conveying groove and the feed port of baling device as cache area and using round baling device as the main working part was put forward to solve the problem of discontinuity caused by the round baling device failing to feed during the unloading of bales. The collecting device was set at the position of the original threshing device directly behind the conveying groove, straw thrown from the conveyor groove was fed to the baling machine's transfer area after passing through the cache area, and the bottom part of the collecting box of the material collecting device was successively arranged with the brush rod and the conveying auger. The round baling device was set directly behind the cab, and the rotary shaft of the spring-tooth picking machine located in the feeding port was installed in parallel with the conveying auger shaft, which not only ensured the connection between the outlet of the collecting box and the feeding port of the round baling machine, but also realized the reasonable configuration of the center of gravity of the whole machine and improved the passing ability of the whole machine. In this way, a rice straw continuous collection and baling machine used in paddy field and with functions of harvest, pickup, collect, bale and bundle was developed, which realized the multi-use of the combined harvester and reduced the cost. The whole machine adopted mechatronics technology. An automatic control system of loading and unloading of baling was designed. The six-way commutator switch was adopted as the sensing and detection component, which simplified the operating process of the manipulator, ensured the automatic operation and monitoring of the whole loading and unloading process, and effectively improved the working efficiency of key components. The structure and motion parameters of each functional component were optimized and the whole machine was finally coordinated and working continuously and efficiently. The continuous collection and baling requirements of rice straw in paddy field including "standing-stalk" cutting, stubble picking, collecting, baling and binding can be completed at one time. The field performance test showed that the performance of the whole machine was safe and reliable. Under the working conditions on working gear, the faster the operation speed, the shorter the time of collecting a straw bale, the shorter the compression time of rice straw bale in the bundling room, the higher the efficiency of bundling, but the worse the specification degree of cylinder. After a continuous operation of 3.4 h at medium speed, the binding rate was 98%, the operating efficiency was 0.4 hm2/h, and the harvest rate of straw was 95%. All other technical indicators met the relevant standards and requirements of agricultural work were met. This study provides a reference for improving the utilization rate of straw after mechanized harvest and realizing the multi-use of one agricultural machine in agricultural production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The method of regarding corn seed as bullet to sow is a new way, which can realize mechanically directional sowing of corn. The concrete realization process is as follows: Firstly, it needs to make directional corn seed bullet clip, and then the corn seed in the bullet clip is inserted into the soil by specific equipment. The key technology of making directional corn seed bullet clip is directionally pushing corn seeds. In order to realize directionally the pushing of corn seeds, taking dent corn seeds with horizontal posture as research object, most tip orientation of which had been oriented by existing directional device, in this paper, a directional push device for dent corn seeds was designed. Those dent corn seeds could be directionally received, then directionally moved and pushed by the device. The device consisted of 3 parts: directional receiving and moving mechanism, directional pushing mechanism, and power unit. Among them, the directional receiving and moving mechanism was mainly composed of a turntable, 4 seed holders, a turntable base and other components. The directional pushing mechanism mainly consisted of a cam, a linear push rod and some others. And the power unit was a simple stepper motor system. There were 2 kinds of stations when corn seeds with horizontal posture got into the seed notch on seed holder: tip facing forward or main part facing forward. The working process of directional push device for corn seeds was as follows: The turntable started to rotate after corn seeds got into the seed notch, taking seed holders and corn seeds turning together on the turntable base. The corn seeds with main part facing forward would be eliminated when the seed holder passed through the sorting notch, and the corn seeds with tip facing forward could be passed through smoothly, thus completing the directional receiving of the corn seeds. The turntable continued to rotate, and the corn seeds held were kept relatively fixed with the seed holder under the constraint of guard board, and the turntable stopped after turning 90°, thus completing the directional moving of the corn seeds. At last, the linear push rod would push each seed in seed holder outward to complete the directional pushing function. Among the 3 functions of the directional push device for corn seeds, the directional receiving function was the most critical, as it provided a basis for directionally moving and pushing. The analysis of the principle of directional receiving function showed that the shape parameters of the sorting notch had great influence on the process of directionally receiving. Taking arc angle and depth of sorting notch as factors, and respectively taking holding success rate of corn seeds with tip facing forward and elimination success rate of corn seeds with main part facing forward as test index, 2 simulation tests were carried out with corn seeds of 2 different stations. The best parameters of the sorting notch were obtained: Arc angle was 14° and the depth was 3 mm. Under this condition, the holding success rate and elimination success rate respectively reached 94% and 100%. In order to verify the accuracy and reliability of simulation optimization result and test the performance of the device, the practical directional push device for corn seeds was constructed. A performance experiment was performed with 600 corn seeds whose most tip orientation had been oriented. The results show that the device works stably, and the 3 functions of directional receiving, moving and pushing perform well. For directional receiving function, the holding success rate of corn seeds with tip facing forward and elimination success rate of corn seeds with main part facing forward are respectively 93.8% and 100%, which coincide with simulation very well. Generally, this research provides a reference for mechanically making directional corn seed bullet clip subsequently and mechanically directional sowing of corn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foxtail millet is a kind of minor coarse cereal. It is not one of the main grain crops, and is a kind of rainfed crop. So, it is mainly planted in the hilly and mountainous areas in northern China. Foxtail millet is becoming more and more popular in congee because of its mellow taste and abundant nutritional value. Given the characteristics of small and scattered planting plots for foxtail millet in northern hilly and mountainous areas, small seeder is more suitable for this kind of plot. According to the agronomic requirements of fine and small-amount sowing for foxtail millet, we design and manufacture the 2BZ-2 type fine and small-amount seeder for foxtail millet. This seeder consists of 2 sowing units, transmission system, ground wheels and body frame. Every unit is mainly made up of seed-metering device, furrow opener, soil coverer and press wheel. We use the tilt dise-type fine and small-amount seed-metering device for foxtail millet that was designed previously, and its working angle is 45°, and it has 36 filling holes and 36 seeding grooves. This device has got the national invention patent in China, and we have published an academic paper about it on Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. We design a kind of ship-shaped shovel type furrow opener, and its penetrating angle is 60°, its soil-cutting angle is 30°, its trenching width is 30 mm, and its height is 100 mm. We design a kind of scraper type soil coverer, and it mainly consists of 2 covering boards, connecting board and pull rod. The covering board is trapezoid-shaped, and its length is 100 mm, its front width is 80 mm, its back width is 40 mm, and its thickness is 3 mm. The included angle between the 2 covering boards is 50°, the inclined angle of the covering board toward the ground is 70°, and the width of the back opening between the 2 covering boards is 30 mm. We push the seeder and provide the driving force. The ground wheels pass the driving force to the seed-metering device via the transmission system. The transmission system is composed of two-stage chain drive and one-stage bevel gear drive. The chain drive uses the 08B roller chains and the matched chain wheels to drive down. The bevel gear drive uses 45° straight bevel gears to realize constant speed drive. According to the experimental requirements of Chinese National Standards, we design and conduct the seeding performance experiments and the field sowing experiments to test the working performance of this seeder. The seeding performance experiments include the tests of the consistency of every row's seeding quantity, the steadiness of total seeding quantity and the percentage of damaged millet. The field sowing experiments include the tests of the uniformity of sowing quantity and the consistency of sowing depth. The results of the seeding performance experiments indicate that, the coefficient of variation of consistency of every row's seeding quantity is less than or equal to 1.10%, the coefficient of variation of steadiness of total seeding quantity is less than or equal to 0.66%, and the percentage of damaged millet is less than or equal to 0.05%. The results of the field sowing experiments indicate that, the qualified index of hill spacing is greater than 83%, the replay index is less than 7%, the miss-seeding index is less than 12%, the coefficient of variation of qualified hill spacing is less than 10%, and the coefficient of variation of sowing depth is less than 1.5%. All the 8 indices meet the requirements of Chinese machinery industry standards. This study can provide a theoretical reference for the design and analysis of the fine and small-amount seeding equipment for foxtail millet suitable for the hilly and mountainous areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]