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The School of Practicing Both Daoism and Exorcism includes the Zhengyi School and the Third Matriarch School of Lu-shan. Its practioners serve as liturgical specialists only for the Chiao sacrifice, not for the salvation of the dead. Although scholars have focused on its origins and liturgy, there have been no comprehensive studies of the documents used in the rituals. In this paper, I discuss relevant Daoist ritual documents and analyze the Keelung Guangyuan Altar's seven-day chiao ceremony which was performed at Songshan Cihui Temple in 2005. In that particalar year, they integrated a traditional five-day chiao ritual into the liturgy. I then compare the documents from the 2005 performance with those from the five-day Chiao of the Inauguration List in the "Zhuanglin Xudaozang." Furthermore, I investigate the new version of the ritual documents used by the head priest, Li You-kun, in light of actual needs. This paper is divided into five sections. The introduction focuses on clarifying the meaning of relevant Daoist ritual documents. The second section discusses structure of the rituals and the relationship between the rituals and documents. The third section analyzes the form and function of petitions documents. The fourth section investigates pass permits (die…), talismans and announcing documents. The conclusion discusses the meaning of these Daoist ritual documents, their origins and their transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug taking is notoriously detrimental to people’s health and development. This is especially true for adolescents, who are at a critical stage of development. Because of their less mature mental and psychological state, poor self-control ability, and strong peer pressure, adolescents are more likely to be affected by drug abuse. The main aim of this paper is to propose a drug prevention curriculum for high schools. Documentary analyses and group interviews were adopted as research methods. Current high school curriculum guidelines and different textbooks were analyzed. Also, opinions of school staff were gathered. As a result, a drug prevention curriculum programmed for high schools was developed, including proposed target groups, curriculum scopes, key themes, and design principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The majority of Taiwanese people have had some experience of cram schooling while growing up. From an academic perspective, cram schooling in Taiwan is not only a unique educational issue, but also a social fact worthy of closer examination. In this paper, I first describe the history of the development of cram schooling in Taiwan and demonstrate the general characteristics of cram schooling for different levels of students. Secondly, based on the theoretical perspectives of credentialism, cultural capital, and employment in the labour market, I analyse the causes of the rise in demand for cram schooling. And I propose some possible directions for future research and decision making with regard to relevant policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]