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Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is a multi-domain serine/threonine protein kinase that causes downstream signal transduction and biological effects by phosphorylating specific proteins. In recent years, with the in-depth study of RIPK1, scholars have found that it is of great significance in autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and a variety of solid tumors and hematological tumors. On the one hand, RIPK1 promotes cell survival and inflammatory responses by activating specific pathways such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). On the other hand, RIPK1 promotes apoptosis by interacting with cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-8 (caspase-8), or promotes necroptosis by interacting with RIPK3 and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL). As an upstream signal, RIPK1 has different expression levels in patients with different tumors. Its scaffold function and kinase activity can regulate cancer progression, initiate adaptive immunity, inhibit tumor progression, and generate an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment to promote tumor development. Its dual role has been demonstrated in regulating the occurrence and development of tumors and the body's immune response, and can be used as a new therapeutic target to control cancer progression. This paper starts with the structure of RIPK1 to further explore its function in regulating cancer progression and immune response, and to provide new ideas for the development of cancer-targeted drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly malignant digestive system tumor with a poor survival rate and prognosis. Most patients with pancreatic cancer have no obvious clinical manifestations in the early stage of the disease, and are found to be in the middle and late stage of the disease when they seek treatment. A unique and complex tumor microenvironment (TME) is formed during its development and evolution. Due to the occult nature of pancreatic cancer, for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer, some traditional treatment methods such as surgical resection and chemotherapy are very limited, and there is a lack of effective treatment programs. Of course, this is also related to the immunosuppression of the TME of pancreatic cancer. Some immunosuppressive cells, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), play an important immunosuppressive role in helping tumor immune escape. Therefore, it is considered to be a major difficulty in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. In recent years, with the in-depth study of TME, immunotherapy has gradually become a new therapeutic strategy, and has made great progress in the treatment of various malignant tumors. The study found that targeted MDSCs therapy is a new and effective treatment for pancreatic cancer.In this paper, we introduce the role of MDSCs in TME and their progress as potential targets for immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer, hoping to provide new directions for the treatment of pancreatic cancer and other tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease that is increasing in prevalence and has become a major public health problem and epidemic in many countries, including China. Obesity and its associated complications, such as type 2 diabetes (T2DM), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, seriously damage health. With the continuous development of metabolic surgery, it has become a widely used, safe and effective method for treating obesity and its associated complications. Metabolic surgery can significantly lose weight, improve metabolic indicators, reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension, improve the quality of life of patients, and bring comprehensive health benefits to patients. However, there is currently a lack of standardized preoperative medical management for metabolic surgery, which may lead to metabolic disorders, nutrient deficiencies, and other complications, increasing the risk of surgery and postoperative complications, and affecting the efficacy of weight loss and the prognosis of patients. Through the systematic review of literature related to preoperative weight loss, glycemic control, blood pressure and lipid control, micronutrient supplementation, and psychological and behavioral modifications, this paper reviews preoperative medical management of metabolic surgery with the aim of providing reference for effectively improving the safety and efficacy of metabolic surgery and improving the prognosis of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective·To analyze the discipline distribution, research teams, multi-center cooperation and trend of clinical trial registration and published papers of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) from 2012 to 2021. Methods· On the Dimensions, and China and US clinical trial registration platforms, the clinical trial information registered by the institutions affiliated to SJTUSM from 2012 to 2021 was retrieved. Each clinical trial was classified and marked according to the classification standards such as Health Research Classification System (HRCS) and International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). Clinical trial papers published by the first author or corresponding author from SJTUSM in the same period were retrieved in PubMed. EXCEL 2016 and VOSviewer 1.6.18 software were used to conduct cluster analysis and visual summary. Results·From 2012 to 2021, Chinese researchers participated in 54 652 newly registered clinical trials worldwide, accounting for 13.63% of the global in total. Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou have been the top three cities with the most clinical trials in China. The number of newly registered and underdeveloped clinical trial projects in SJTUSM has been basically increased year by year in the past 10 years, but it declined slightly in 2021. In total, 3 970 clinical trials were registered by SJTUSM, in which 44.4% were registered on the Chinese clinical trial platform and 55.0% were registered on the US clinical trial platform, and 85.5% were initiated by researchers. Cancer, cardiovascular disease, oral and gastrointestinal disease, mental disease, and metabolic and endocrine disease were the major areas of clinical trial research of SJTUSM. Lung cancer research ranked the first in all 47 kinds of tumor research. The Sixth People's Hospital, Ruijin Hospital and Renji Hospital ranked top 3 in clinical trial registration among hospitals affiliated to SJTUSM. A total of 1 898 papers (5.4%) were published in clinical trials with SJTUSM as the first author's or correspondent author's institution, and the research topics were mainly distributed in the fields of gastroenterology, heart disease, tumor, radiation, orthodontics and diabetes. The affiliated hospitals of Fudan University has been the main institutions of clinical trial cooperation. SJTUSM has formed core research teams in the fields of diabetes, hypertension, orthopedics, radiology and nephrology. Conclusion·SJTUSM has obvious advantages in clinical trial research discipline and a great potential for emerging disciplines. Innovative clinical research teams have been formed in SJTUSM. Multi-center clinical trials are the norm of clinical trials, and SJTUSM has presided over international multi-center clinical trial cooperation in some fields. However, compared with the clinical trial registration in the world and other domestic regions in 2021, the number of clinical trial registrations of SJTUSM has decreased significantly, and the reasons need to be further analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fracture is the most common large-organ injury in humans. It takes several months or even longer from the onset to the completion of bone reconstruction. In severe cases, delayed healing or even bone discontinuity can occur. The current treatment of fractures mainly pursues the completion of clinical healing and bone healing, and the healing process is divided into three stages: early, intermediate and late. Various factors affect the speed of the healing process, among which signaling pathways and cytokines play an important role in fracture healing, so understanding the important role of signaling pathways and cytokines is important for treating fractures and promoting fracture healing. Recent studies have shown that the Notch signaling pathway can affect cell proliferation and differentiation, inflammatory response, bone reconstruction, angiogenesis and nerve regeneration during fracture healing, and its changes are also closely related to mechanical stimulation and other factors. Therefore, this paper reviews the research progress in the role of Notch signaling pathway in various aspects of fracture healing from the perspectives of cell proliferation and differentiation, inflammatory response, bone reconstruction, angiogenesis, nerve regeneration and mechanical stimulation, and provides new research directions and therapeutic strategies for fracture healing treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Muscle relaxation induced by muscle relaxants is one of the important conditions for endotracheal intubation and fixation, but sometimes muscle functions recover incompletely after operations, which is called postoperative residual neuromuscular block (PRNB). It can cause a series of serious postoperative complications and even death. Hence, it is essential to prevent and treat PRNB in the early stage during anesthesia implementation. With the rapid development of surgical technology and the gradual extension of the life span of the population, the number of operations for elderly patients is gradually increasing. Meanwhile, due to the physiological and pathological changes of the elderly and the combined underlying diseases, the elderly are more likely to suffer from PRNB in different degrees after surgery, which seriously damages the prognosis of elderly patients and increases the loss of medical resources. In these years, the successful application of short-acting muscle relaxants, new antagonists (such as sugammadex), and multi-mode neuromuscular monitoring devices in clinical practice have greatly reduced the incidence of PRNB in elderly patients. Furthermore, the basic researches which mainly based on the neuromuscular junction structure and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of the elderly provide a new theoretical basis for reducing the harm of PRNB to elderly patients. This paper reviews the research progress of the mechanism, adverse events and clinical interventions of PRNB in elderly patients after general anesthesia surgeries to provide reference for muscle relaxation management and postoperative antagonism in these people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic non-communicable disease. It is a metabolic syndrome (MS) in the liver. Menopause is a physiological phenomenon of women due to the decline of ovarian function, which is characterized by the deterioration of hypothalamic-pituitary function. Clinical and epidemiological studies have shown that the incidence trend of NAFLD has gender differences and is related to metabolic parameters such as glucose, lipids, and blood uric acid. The incidence of NAFLD in premenopausal women is lower than that in males, while the incidence of NAFLD in postmenopausal women gradually increases to the same as that in males. The mechanism may be mainly related to the changes of sex hormones in postmenopausal women (mainly the decrease of estrogen). The changes of sex hormones such as the decreased levels of estrogen and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and the relatively increased level of androgen can increase the incidence of MS components such as abdominal obesity, abnormal blood lipid metabolism and insulin resistance (IR), making menopause an important independent risk factor for NAFLD in women. Estrogen, androgen receptor antagonists and phytoestrogens can improve hepatic steatosis and IR through many ways, reduce the severity of NAFLD and delay its progression to liver fibrosis, which have certain therapeutic significance for postmenopausal women with NAFLD, but also have some limitations. This paper reviews the research progress in the relationship between menopause and NAFLD in recent years, so as to provide ideas and reference for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD in postmenopausal women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Terminal deoxynucleotide transferase (TdT) is a special deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymerase. It can bind a single deoxynucleotide to the 3'-OH end of a DNA molecule in the absence of a template. TdT is a specific intracellular marker of immature lymphocytes in the hematopoietic system, which is of great significance in the diagnosis of lymphoid tumors. The diagnosis of lymphoblastic lymphoma/acute lymphoblastic leukemia (LBL/ALL) depends on immunotyping. TdT is usually positive in LBL/ALL, which is an important basis for clinical diagnosis of LBL/ALL. TdT-negative LBL/ALL is rare in clinical practice. Because of its strong specificity in diagnosis, negative TdT will bring certain difficulties to the diagnosis. There are many reasons for negative TdT. The expression of TdT is different in different differentiation stages of lymphocytes, and the sensitivity of different detection methods and the false negative of TdT can be seen occasionally. In addition, it has been reported that the clinical characteristics and prognosis of TdT-negative- and TdT-positive-LBL/ALL are different. Understanding the significance of TdT expression, the causes of negative TdT, and the different characteristics of TdT-negative- and TdT-positive-LBL/ALL are helpful for clinical diagnosis, treatment selection and prognosis judgment. In this paper, relevant literature at home and abroad is reviewed, and the causes of negative TdT, the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and prognosis of TdT-negative-LBL/ALL were reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the World Hearing Report published by the World Health Organization in 2021, neonatal jaundice hyperbilirubinemia is identified as one of the major risk factors for sensorineural deafness, which can lead to multisystem neurological damage, including the auditory center. Bilirubin is a physiological metabolite of heme, and the basic physiological metabolic transport pathways of bilirubin have been fully understood. But the incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is still at a high level. Severe hyperbilirubinemia seriously affects neonatal neurological development, and even has a risk of disability. In the past 20 years, this electrophysiology research team of the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (Sixth Hospital for short) has been the first in the world to conduct studies on the excitability of bilirubin on neurons, reveal the effects of bilirubin on a series of ion channels and receptors, elaborate the excitotoxic mechanism of bilirubin-induced central damage, and explore potential antagonistic drugs. This paper combined previous studies with the findings of the electrophysiology research team of the Sixth Hospital to describe the effects of bilirubin on the central nervous system and its mechanisms, and discuss the interaction between bilirubin and glial cells and the potential benefits of bilirubin. The mechanisms of bilirubin's toxicological effects are complex and include a wide range of regulatory effects of high bilirubin concentrations on synaptic structures, ion channels and receptors, lipid bilayer membranes and energy metabolism. This review aims to provide theoretical support for better understanding and prevention of bilirubin neurotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolic reprogramming refers to cells' mechanism to change their metabolic patterns in order to meet the increased energy demand caused by growth and proliferation. By way of metabolic reprogramming such as the Warburg effect, tumor cells gain rich energy to support their own survival, growth, and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is the internal environment in which tumor cells survive, containing not only tumor cells, but also stromal cells, immune cells, and other components that are closely related to tumor cells. Meanwhile, tumor cells regulate intercellular function and signaling via secreting cytokines, metabolites, and other molecules and shape a commonly hypoxic, acidic, and nutrient-deprived TME which contributes the most to immune resistance. However, rapidly proliferating tumor cells compete for relatively scarce nutrients with immune cells, consequently, producing an immunosuppressive metabolism microenvironment. Under the influence of immunosuppressive TME, immune cells generate tolerance phenotype-related metabolic adaptations through metabolic reprogramming to satisfy their own needs and further perform anti-tumor or immunosuppressive roles. The response of immune cells to tumor cells mainly depends on respective unique metabolic pathways, which are related to the type and function of immune cells. Moreover, the functional properties of immune cells are directly associated with the immunotherapy effects. Regulating metabolic pathways of immune cells provides a great direction for cancer therapy. In this paper, the main metabolic pathways of immune cells in TME is described, the relationship between their metabolic characteristics and immune functions is summarized, and the mechanism of metabolic pathways underlying the functions of immune cells is further discussed, providing new insights for unveiling tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment and improving the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the progressive initiation of the two- and three-child policy in China, and under the influence of various factors in society, the proportion of high-risk pregnancy has increased, especially those linked to advanced age conception (more than 35 years old). In pathological pregnancy, the incidence of recurrent miscarriage and preterm birth remains high. The diagnosis and treatment of common pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia and eclampsia are lagging behind. Diseases that cause maternal death have changed. The cases of deep vein thrombosis causing maternal deaths have increased. Expanding floating population increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The widespread use of assisted reproduction has led to high risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The increase in the number of elder mothers has led to high risk in fetal birth defects. All of these have led to a new challenge in terms of maternal safety and care, urging scientists and clinicians to establish a more accurate risk assessment standard for pregnant women, especially for the elderly pregnant women, implement whole pregnancy management and standardized diagnosis and treatment, standardize the treatment for abortion, and establish a triple monitoring system for identifying maternal arterial rhythm, maternal heart rate and fetal heart rate. Finally, a hospital-home monitoring and warning system will be set up based on the Internet of things and information automation. This paper describes the current status, problems and directions of high-risk pregnancy research under the background of the new population policy, and provides new strategies for the protection of maternal and child health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circular RNA (circRNA) is a class of covalent closed-loop non-coding RNA, existing widely in various tissue and having important biological functions. circRNA can play a regulatory role at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level by interacting with RNA-binding proteins, regulating mRNA stability and acting as competitive endogenous RNAs. Oxidative stress, a state in which there is an imbalance between the accumulation and removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body, plays an important role in the onset and development of many diseases. Under oxidative stress conditions, numerous recent studies have shown that differentially expressed circRNA regulate the expression of inflammatory factors and apoptotic genes by acting as miRNA sponges, thereby interfering with cell survival and apoptosis. According to the regulatory effects, circRNA can participate in the damage caused by oxidative stress and play a pro-oxidative stress role. circRNA can also play an anti-oxidative stress role by upregulating antioxidant genes and reducing the effects of oxidative stress. circRNA and oxidative stress interact and induce each other, and mutually they participate in the occurrence and development of a variety of diseases. This paper reviews the relevant literature from the overview of oxidative stress, the role of circRNA under oxidative stress in different systemic diseases, and the potential mechanism of circRNA-oxidative stress interactions, aiming to provide reference for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in the structure and function of female pelvic floor organs, muscles and surrounding connective tissue are the main causes of pelvic floor disorders (PFD), and a detailed understanding of the spatial anatomy of the pelvic floor under physiological and pathological conditions can help clinicians make accurate diagnoses and optimize treatment strategies. The widespread use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology has improved clinicians' understanding of the pelvic floor structure, but presentation of the pelvic floor structure is still limited to two-dimensional planar images and the three-dimensional (3D) spatial structure cannot be visualized. The 3D reconstruction technology based on MRI can transform the structure of the female pelvic floor organs into digital models for observation, measurement and even 3D printing for inverse analysis, which greatly promotes the clinical understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of PFD and provides basis for individualized treatment. However, the existing MRI-based 3D reconstruction technology is not yet mature, for example different advantages and disadvantages of different commercial softwares, different algorithms of different image recognition techniques, lack of uniform evaluation criteria for 3D reconstruction models, and difficulty of balancing modeling efficiency and quality, which limit it as an effective medical research tool for PFD. This paper reviews the research of 3D digital model reconstruction of female pelvic floor tissue and organs based on MRI, aiming to provide reference for clinical diagnosis, treatment and scientific research of PFD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease. Its main pathological change is senile plaque (SP) formed by massive accumulation of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formed by excessive phosphorylation and accumulation of Tau protein in cells. Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) selectively transfers proteins with CMA motifs to lysosomes for degradation. When the autophagy process is impaired, Aβ and abnormal phosphorylated Tau protein will accumulate in neurons, which can destroy the normal function of cells and accelerate their death. Relevant studies have shown that CMA is an important pathway for abnormal protein degradation in early AD, and the inactivation of this pathway may play an important role in the progression of AD. This paper reviews the concept, and physiological role of CMA and the pathological relationship between CMA and AD, and elaborates the role of inactivation of CMA pathway in AD diseases, in order to provide new ideas for the research and treatment of AD pathogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The somatic symptoms of major depressive disorder are related to the course of disease, remission rate and severity of clinical symptoms. At present, the first-line treatment is drug therapy, but the adverse effects of drugs often overlap with somatic symptoms. The studies have shown that noninvasive brain stimulation has application values in the treatment of somatic symptoms in major depressive disorder. This paper reviews the current status of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation in the treatment of somatic symptoms of major depressive disorder. It also discusses the efficacy of these two types of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques in the treatment of pain and insomnia in the patients with major depressive disorder, as well as the shortcomings of the existing research, and proposes the developing direction of future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is a special type of ectopic pregnancy that seriously threatens the life safety of women of childbearing age and leads to the loss of reproductive function. Uterine artery embolization (UAE) is an auxiliary method for the treatment of CSP, which can quickly block the blood supply to the lesion and reduce bleeding. Clinically, the combined scheme of UAE is often used to treat CSP, such as combined drug treatment (methotrexate, etc.), and surgical treatment (curettage, hysteroscopy, transabdominal, laparoscopic, transvaginal and other ways) to remove pregnancy. At present, for different types of CSP, how to choose the combination treatment scheme of UAE and the time to remove pregnancy while taking into account the cure rate and safety is a problem faced by clinicians. And there are no clear guidelines and unified standards for the treatment of CSP at home and abroad. This paper reviews the literature at home and abroad in recent years, and summarizes the effect of UAE combined with different treatment methods and the timing of removing pregnancy, in order to provide reference for follow-up research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the five malignant tumors in the world, with the second incidence rate and the third mortality of malignancy, which seriously threatens human life and health. Epidemiological studies show that the incidence rate of CRC in the economically developed countries is significantly higher than that in the underdeveloped countries, and that in city is higher than that in rural areas. The difference of CRC incidence populations in different geographical environments indicates that dietary factors can significantly affect incidence rate and prognosis of CRC. There is evidence that the western diet structure represented by high-fat diet is closely related to the occurrence and development of CRC, and exploring the related mechanism of high-fat diet in the process of CRC is very important to prevent the occurrence of CRC and improve the prognosis of the patients. This paper summarizes the relevant mechanism between high-fat diet and the occurrence and development of CRC at home and abroad in recent years, and puts forward the corresponding prevention strategies, so as to provide theoretical reference for the diet structure-related research and the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of CRC from the perspective of precision medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resilience refers to the dynamic process of individual's positive adaptation to adversity, which is closely related to the symptoms of mental disorders and can be improved through intervention. This paper reviews the definition, evaluation method and intervention of resilience, and proposes that resilience can be used as an indicator of mental disorders related to stressor exposure, which has certain reference significance for improving individual resilience and promoting individual mental health development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique. It can modulate brain current activities and treat psychiatric disorder through affecting neural excitability and synaptic plasticity. At present, there are substantial application researches of tDCS, and it is effective on the treatment of adult depressive disorder, bipolar depressive disorder, schizophrenia and other mental diseases. Preliminary researches have showed that children and adolescents have certain tolerance to tDCS, however, there are only few randomized controlled clinical studies about tDCS applying to the children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders, and reliable conclusions couldn't be drawn due to limitations of small sample size and open label trials. This paper reviews the utilization of tDCS among children and adolescents with schizophrenia, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder and dyslexia. Details including parameters, efficacy, side effects and limitations are discussed, and different sessions, duration, current, intensity, stimulation sites and effect are compared. Information discussed may provide reference for development of neuromodulation techniques and clinical applications of tDCS to the treatment of children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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