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Due to the active sediment movement in sandy coasts, great changes may develop in the shoreline near the building after it is built into the sea. The downstream erosion problems and protective measures of buildings in sandy coast are reviewed and summarized based on the results of previous studies to facilitate further studies. On the basis of several typical cases such as that in the Friendship Harbor in Mauritania, the law of coastal changes in the downstream of sandy coastal buildings is analyzed from the aspects of coastline variation and sectional variation. The mechanism of water and sediment movement near protective measures such as groins, offshore breakwaters and offshore submerged breakwaters, is discussed, and soft protective measures such as artificial beach cultivation and by-pass sediment transport are summarized. Finally, the prospects for future research on coastal erosion of downstream sandy coastal structures and corresponding protective measures are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important type of coastal wetlands,tidal flat-saltmarsh systems provide a variety of key ecosystem services for estuarine and coastal areas,and have important socio-economic and ecological values. The understanding of their geomorphological evolution is the basis of coastal zone restoration and scientific management. This review recalls previous studies on the evolution of tidal flat geomorphology. Research focused on tidal flat-saltmarsh systems has gradually changed from traditional geomorphology to biogeomorphology which involves disciplines such as hydrodynamics,geomorphology,sedimentology,ecology and biology. It is a typical interdisciplinary research field. The paper summarizes the interaction between saltmarshes and hydrodynamics,sediment transport,geomorphology,human activities,biological activities,and other relevant processes on tidal flat-saltmarsh systems. This study summarizes the current relevant models and understanding of the dominant mechanisms that play a role in the evolution of tidal flat-saltmarsh systems. Finally,some future research directions such as the description of biological activities and development of land-sea coupled biogeomorphological models are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying the basic law of long-term evolution of sandy beach is a further enrichment and development of the existing achievements of sediment movement theory, and is the practical application need of guiding the construction of sandy coast projects. From the three aspects of longshore sediment transport, coastline evolution and beach morphological evolution, we reviewed and summarized the relevant research results of the basic law of long-term evolution of sandy beach in recent decades, and reviewed the advantages and disadvantages of various research directions in the field of research and practical application by collecting relevant literature. In order to better promote the development of research in this field, further interests that can be deepened in the future were proposed from the aspects of basic theoretical research, application basic research and simulation technology of sediment transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]