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The development of pesticides has significantly advanced global agricultural production, but the ensuing problem of pesticide residues poses a severe threat to human health. So, there is an urgent need to establish a rapid, accurate, sensitive, cost-effective and on-site method for large-scale detection of pesticide residues. Electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (ePADs) represents a highly sensitive and portable microanalysis system, which uses paper as a substrate and relies on a capillary force to drive the fluid for the separation and detection of samples. The diversity of pesticides and agricultural products and the complexity of matrices impose high requirements on the sample preparation procedure. This article summarizes the preparation process of ePADs from the aspects of paper selection, the establishment of hydrophilic and hydrophobic channels, the integration of separation zones, and electrode printing. Subsequently, this paper establishes the relationship between pesticide detection and chip preparation based on the mechanism of electrochemical detection of pesticides. Finally, it discusses the advantages, challenges and future prospects of ePADs with a view to providing theoretical reference for enhanced application of ePADs in the field of pesticide residue detection.

A flexible wipe paper for rapid nondestructive detection of ferbam residues on the surface of fruits and vegetables by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was prepared using filter paper as the substate by a simple soaking method. The synthesis and storage conditions were optimized to ensure that the SERS method has excellent performance. The results showed that concentration factor of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), soaking time in AgNP solution and drying method greatly affected the performance of the SERS wipe paper. The performance under the condition of soaking for 8 h in a 5-fold concentrate of AgNP solution was significantly better than that under other conditions. The SERS wipe paper prepared by vacuum drying had better performance that those prepared by other drying methods. After 9 days of storage at −20 ℃, the optimized substrate retained approximately 50% of the original peak value. Besides, it exhibited good sensitivity, uniformity, and repeatability. The limit of detection (LOD) for ferbam on a glass plate was 4.07 × 10-6 mg/mL, and the LOD for ferbam on the surface of spinach and nectarine were 0.043 and 0.062 mg/kg, respectively. This study provides an excellent basis for the development and utilization of SERS wipe paper.

Based on the selective quenching effect of the flavonoid rutin on the fluorescence of carbon dots prepared by asparagine pyrolysis, a method for rapid detection of rutin content in the flower buds of Sophora japonica by using chitosan-based carbon dot paper chip was developed. A filter paper was immersed in the casting solution of carbon dots and chitosan. After drying, a carbon dot chitosan film was formed on the surface of the filter paper, so that the chitosan-based carbon dot paper chip was obtained. After samples were dripped on the chip, chromogenic reaction occurred uniformly within a limited region, and pictures were taken under an ultraviolet (UV) lamp at 365 nm for analysis of the red (R), green (G), and blue (B) values of the colored spots in order to optimize the preparation conditions and detection conditions. The results showed that the optimal conditions were as follows: chitosan concentration of 20 mg/mL, carbon spot concentration of 1.0 mg/mL, 50% ethanol as sample solvent, and reaction time of 20 min. Under these conditions, the difference (ΔG) in G-value between sample and solvent spots had a linear relationship with rutin concentration (C) in the range of 4 to 120 mg/mL. Using this method, the average contents of rutin in the flower buds of S. japonica from three batches were determined to be 23.85%, 22.83% and 20.30%, the average relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 6.1%, 5.6% and 6.7%, and the recoveries were 91.27% to 107.5%, which were close to the results of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The proposed method is simple and rapid, and can be used for rapid on-site determination of rutin content in the flower buds of S. japonica.

“Lab on paper” is a paper-based microanalytical system with unique advantages such as high sensitivity, low cost, portability, and mass production, which breaks through the limitations of traditional detection technologies and shows great potential in the field of rapid on-site food detection. In this paper, the typical “labs on paper”, including chromatographic paper, chemical test chip, lateral flow assay (LFA), microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs), and synthetic biological paper, are systematically reviewed. Special emphasis is put on the application of “lab on paper” in the field of food detection. Finally, the advantages, challenges, and future prospects of paper-based analytic methods are discussed, which may provide theoretical support for better application of “lab on paper” in the field of food detection.

Objective: This study aimed to solve the problem of cigarette flavoring technology that the surface taste of splicing paper weakens over time. Methods: A rapid method for the simultaneous determination of two kinds of sweeteners was established based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). The change of the content of the sweetener on the surface of the tipping paper was analyzed, and the induced migration experiment was used to analyze the migration of sweeteners. The surface porosity, air permeability and surface water absorption of aluminized splice paper were analyzed by scanning electron microscope, air permeability tester and surface water absorption tester. Results: A method for rapid determination of two kinds of sweeteners simultaneously was established by UHPLC. The results of induced migration experiment showed that the sweeteners in the tipping paper migrated from the surface to the inside of the paper gradually. The results of scanning electron microscope, air permeability tester and surface water absorption tester showed that pores distributed on the surface of the aluminized tipping paper, and the high air permeability thereby led to the surface water absorption capacity. Therefore, the sweetener migrated in the aluminized tipping paper. After 42 days of induced migration, the migration rates of acesulfame and saccharin sodium in the paper were 48.47% and 49.65%, respectively. Conclusion: The pores and cracks spreading on the surface of the aluminized tipping paper made it have high permeability and strong water absorption, and the concentration differences between the two sides of the paper resulted in a conducive migration of the sweeteners.

Objective: In order to solve the quality problems of YB517 transparent packaging machine, such as folds and unevenness of transparent paper on the sides of cigarette packages, a new cigarette-packaging side seal and shaping device was developed. Methods: After the improvements, the drive shaft of cigarette receiving plate of output turntable of YB517 was used as a power source, and the heating and shaping of cigarette package side seals were achieved by designing reciprocating mechanisms, heater components, cigarette package positioning components, and optimizing push seats; and using Solidworks software to simulate and analyze the displacement, velocity and acceleration of the shaping device. At the same time, it was connected to the temperature measurement and control system of "Heat sealer for Drawstring" so that the temperature parameters can be displayed and adjusted on the IPC control surface. Finally, the method of sampling in the test was used to compare and analyze the wrinkle of boxed transparent paper before and after the transformation. Results: The side seal shaping device had the advantages of no interference, gentle velocity and acceleration curve, no obvious impact and stable operation. The wrinkle ratio of boxed transparent paper decreased from 11.58% to 2.50%, which decreased 78.40%. Conclusion: It ensures product quality and improves consumers satisfaction.

Objective: Established a group of models used to quickly distinguish anti-counterfeit cigarette packaging paper. Methods: The model based on the same color oil on packaging paper from 3 different brands: Yunyan, Yuxi, and Hongtashan. The Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） spectrum were collected from 116 samples totally by Attenuated Total Reflection （ATR） accessary. 56 spectrum were used to build the models and 20 samples of each brand were used to verification. Spectrum were second derivative processed and spectral ranges were selected as 3 200~2 700, 1 800~1 580, and 801~720 cm-1. Results: Using Mahalanobis distance discriminant method to establish 4 models （3 brands and 1 multiple）, all of the accuracy of models reached to 100%. Conclusion: This is the first time to use the same color oil FTIR spectrum to distinguish real and fake cigarette packaging paper which were highly improve selection efficiency for large number of samples.

Objective： A method for simple and rapid determination of potassium content in cigarette paper will be built for workshops of cigarette factory. Methods: An ion-selective electrode method was used by comparing with the pretreatment methods for cigarette paper samples and potential response behaviors of potassium ion-selective electrodes in different buffer solutions. Results: The potassium ion selective electrode possessed excellent response performance for K+ in lithium acetate buffer solution （0.1 mol/L, pH 7.0） with a linear response range of 1.0×10-5 ~1.0×10-2 mol/L, a slope of 55.79 mV/dec （25 ℃）, and a lower limit of detection of 2.14×10-6 mol/L. The average relative standard deviations of the K+ selective electrode on cigarette paper samples were 0.55% for intra-day test and 2.8% for inter-day test, both less than 5%. The test results of the electrode method were in well agreement with that of ion chromatography, with an average relative deviation of 4.1% （n=10） and recoveries between 95.0% and 101.9%. It was demonstrated effectively through a consecutive test over one week. Conclusion: Among the pretreatment methods for cigarette paper samples, the ultrasonic extraction of potassium ions with 1% diluted acetic acid for 30 min has been found to be fast, simple and environmentally friendly. The ion-selective electrode method is accurate and reliable, which is suitable for the rapid detection of potassium in cigarette paper.

Objective: To improve the accuracy and validity of the measurement data of solvent residues in food packaging paper. Methods: Taking the HS GC-MS measurement system as the research object, variation sources in the measurement process was separated by using the measurement system analysis, and the traditional control chart and EWMA control chart of repeatability and reproducibility were established respectively to effectively monitor the detection error of the measurement system. Results: ① HS GC/MS had high measurement accuracy, with GRR of about 9.76%, and the gauging ability of the measurement system was relatively good. ② Through the combination of periodic measurement system analysis and control chart method, the effective separation and monitoring of repeatability and reproducibility variance components can be realized. ③ The repeatability can be monitored in real time through the daily gauging data, which was helpful to find the fault of measurement equipment in time and ensure the reliability of gauging results. ④ EWMA chart of repeatability can give early warning of measuring equipment fault faster than traditional control chart. Conclusion: Separating and monitoring variation sources of the measurement system by using variance analysis method can effectively ensure the stability of HS GC-MS equipment and improve the effectiveness of solvent residue detection.

The cell-free biosensor is a tool designed to detect trace substances based on a cell-free system, which solves the problems of the traditional cell-based biosensor including having no ability to detect toxic substances, long response time, being controlled by living cells, and inconvenient operation. In recent years, cell-free biosensors have attracted extensive attention for their wide detection range, fast response speed, high sensitivity and portability. In this paper, the construction and characteristics of different types of cell-free sensors are reviewed. In addition, their applications in the detection of metal ions, pesticide residues and veterinary drug residues are introduced, and future prospects also are discussed.

Objective: To reduce the rejection rate of ZJ17 cigarette machine, shorten the adjustment time and improve the production efficiency. Methods: The rubber roller phase alignment device was developed to accurately measure the position of the rubber line by the sensor, and the measurement signal was transmitted to the industrial computer in real time. The shaft encoder signal was used to judge the offset of the rubber line, and the servo motor was driven to automatically adjust the phase of the rubber roll, so as to realize the real-time control of the position of the rubber line. Results: The rubber roller phase alignment device was easy to install and easy to maintain. The debugging time of the equipment was significantly shortened, and the debugging smoke branches are reduced from more than 30 000 before the transformation to within 1 000. Conclusion: The application of rubber roller phase alignment device improves production efficiency, and the cost reduction and efficiency are significantly effective.

Objective: The pyrolysis transfer rate of aglycones from 7 kinds of glucosides added to cigarette paper in mainstream and sidestream smoke was studied. Methods: 5-methylfurfuryl alcohol glucoside, menthol glucoside, anisyl alcohol glucoside, leaf alcohol glucoside, phenylethanol glucoside, ethyl vanillin glucoside and vanillin glucoside were applied to the surface of cigarette paper and inject into cigarette according to the 0.01% of the weight of cut tobacco respectively. The transfer rates of aglycones in mainstream smoke and side stream smoke were determined under two kinds of flavoring methods. On this basis, the transfer rules of seven aglycones in mainstream smoke and sidestream smoke were studied when the concentration of 0.001%, 0.010% and 0.050% was applied to cigarette paper. Results: In mainstream smoke, the transfer rates of seven aglycones in cut tobacco were higher than those added to cigarette paper, but the opposite was true in sidestream smoke; 5-methylfurfuryl alcohol had the highest transfer rate of aglycones in mainstream smoke and sidestream smoke, and menthol had the lowest transfer rate, followed by leaf alcohol, anisyl alcohol, phenylethanol, ethyl vanillin and vanillin. Under the condition of 0.001% addition, the transfer rates of seven aglycones in mainstream and side stream smoke were 0.27%~1.24% and 0.42%~1.71% respectively, 0.010% addition were 0.38%~1.87% and 0.54%~2.52% respectively, 0.050% addition were 0.31%~1.56% and 0.47%~2.19% respectively. Conclusion: The transfer rates of seven aglycones in side stream smoke were higher than those in mainstream smoke at three additive gradients, the transfer rates of aglycones in mainstream and side stream smoke showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of addition.

In recent years, with the significant rise in global obesity rate, the demand for sugar substitutes such as artificial sweeteners (AS) has soared, but the safety of AS remains controversial. New research from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the journal Nature suggests that long-term consumption of AS may have negative health effects. Currently, the standards on the use of AS in different countries are different, and the mechanism of the health impact of long-term AS consumption is not clear. Therefore, based on recent research results related to AS, this review paper focuses on the human health effect of AS and the current domestic and foreign standards on AS. It elaborates on the relationship between AS and gut microbes, obesity and diabetes, lipid metabolism, cardiovascular disease and cancer, and summarizes the current Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC), US, EU, Japanese and Chinese standards on AS. In addition, this paper also discusses the key issue of how to determine standards on AS addition in the food industry in order to provide a reference for future research in this field.

Polysaccharides are a class of natural macromolecular polymers with complex and large molecular structures, which are closely related to their biological activities. However, traditional analytical methods can only provide limited information on the structures of polysaccharides. Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical method that measures the mass-to-charge ratio of molecules allowing for determination of the mass and calculation of the the molecular structure. As a powerful tool for polysaccharide structure analysis, MS can provide rich information, including molecular mass, polymerization degree, monosaccharide composition, glycosidic bond type, the order of arrangement of glycosyl groups, and substituent group sites, which has unique advantages in the characterization of polysaccharide structure. This paper summarizes the general pattern of mass spectral fragmentation of polysaccharides, introduces the principles and characteristics of different types of MS as well as representative applications of MS combined with electron ionization source, fast atom bombardment source, electrospray ionization source, matrix-assisted laser desorption ion source, real-time direct analysis source, ion mobility or tandem mass spectrometry for the structural elucidation of polysaccharides. Furthermore, future prospects for the application of new MS techniques for analyzing the structures of polysaccharides are discussed. The aim of this paper is to summarize the application of MS to provide scientific reference for the basic research work of polysaccharide compounds, such as quality standard, structural characterization, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetic, constitutive relationship, and the development and creation of polysaccharide food, health food, and clinical drugs.

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by certain fungal species under specific conditions. Research has found that exposure to various fungal toxins can cause embryonic developmental toxicity, such as embryo arrest, abortion, and intrauterine fetal developmental delay. There are no systematic reports on the impact of exposure to fungal toxins during pregnancy on the toxicity of intrauterine fetal development and biological monitoring. Therefore, in order to prevent and reduce the harm of fungal toxins during pregnancy, this paper summarizes the research status of embryonic developmental toxicity, as well as the research status of biological monitoring technologies based on biomarkers such as exposure biomarkers and biomakers of effect, which are caused by traditional fungal toxins such as aflatoxin, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and emerging fungal toxins such as Alternaria toxins, beauverin, and enniatins. The aim of the paper is for construction of the healthy China.

Currently, there is a growing call for a co-governance approach that includes consumers in food safety governance. To address this, corporations have implemented decentralised digital food traceability systems based on blockchain. Many argue that this technology will lead to enhanced consumer trust in food safety governance through greater consumer engagement. In this regard, this paper examines factors that influence consumer engagement and trust in food safety governance, mobilising interdisciplinary literature from the social sciences, economics and food safety governance. By doing so, it explores the implications of the implementation of blockchain as a means of enhancing consumer trust. The paper raises critical questions on a global scale and offers a social science and wider empirical perspective that has received less attention. To further investigate the effects of blockchain on consumer trust in the food supply chain, it proposes a research agenda that includes theoretical and empirical research.

Objective: To evaluate the antibiotic resistance of five foodborne Escherichia coli clinical isolates to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and ampicillin. Methods: Based on the theory of electron transfer during bacterial energy metabolism and the introduction of resazurin as a redox probe, an electrochemical square wave voltammetry （SWV） method based on bladed tensin-mediated rapid identification of E. coli drug resistance was established. Results: The electrochemical square wave voltammetry values of E. coli at different concentrations mediated by resazurin were determined, and there was a good linear relationship between the E. coli concentration and the oxidized peak current （I） of resazurin in the range of 1.69×102～1.69×108 CFU/mL, with the regression equation of Y=-0.156 0X-2.965 5, and R2=0.977 5; When performing the determination of E. coli drug resistance, the drug sensitivity test standard was developed by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute （CLSI）. The oxidized peak current （I0） of resazurin and the oxidized peak current （I-a） obtained by E. coli after directly interacting with resazurin were used as the control, and the oxidized peak current （I+a） obtained by E. coli after treating it with antibiotics and interacting with resazurin was determined. The value of bacterial activity VETA was introduced as VETA as an indicator for the identification of bacterial resistance by electrochemical square wave voltammetry, and established a rapid electrochemical drug sensitivity test method for E. coli mediated by resazurin. The established method was used to detect the resistance of five clinical isolates of foodborne E. coli to three antibiotics, and VETA=50 was used as the critical value for determining bacterial sensitivity and resistance, and the results of the drug sensitivity tests were all in accordance with the results of the paper diffusion method. The VETA=50 was used as the critical value for determining bacterial susceptibility and resistance, and all the results were consistent with the results of the paper diffusion method, and the paper diffusion method required 18 h to report the results, whereas this method required only 2 h. Conclusion: Our electrochemical square-wave voltammetry method based on the resazurin-mediated rapid discrimination of E. coli drug resistance is able to accurately and rapidly detect the antibiotics resistance of the five foodborne clinical isolates of E. coli to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and ampicillin.

Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a purine metabolism disorder caused by the imbalance between uric acid production and excretion, which, when severe, can lead to gout and renal function damage. At present, the prevalence of HUA/gout is increasing yearly in China and the HUA/gout patients are becoming younger and younger. Recent studies have shown that the intestinal flora of patients with HUA/gout is imbalanced when compared with that of healthy people, and different dietary patterns can affect the level of uric acid by adjusting the intestinal flora. This paper elaborates on the characteristics of the intestinal flora in patients with HUA/gout and the effect of the intestinal flora on uric acid metabolism, which will lay a theoretical foundation for the prevention, early diagnosis and auxiliary treatment of HUA/gout. This paper also summarizes recent progress in understanding the impact of different dietary patterns on uric acid levels in order to guide patients to effectively prevent and delay the occurrence of HUA/gout by adjusting their dietary patterns.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium spp. that mainly contaminates wheat, corn, and other food crops, and has posed serious threats to food safety. Currently, enzymatic detoxification of DON shows promising application prospects. This paper provided an overview of the latest domestic and international research on the types of biotransformation enzymes, degradation mechanisms, structural features, detoxification enzyme mining strategies, and molecular modifications of DON. Additionally, the paper explored research trends in molecular design of mycotoxin detoxification enzymes assisted by artificial intelligence, which aimed to provide a reference for the development of bio-detoxification technology of DON in food and feed.

Existing studies have clearly demonstrated that people eating more whole grains have reduced risks of many chronic metabolic diseases compared to those eating less. In the past 20 years, the whole grain industry has developed so rapidly in major developed countries and regions. In recent years, whole grains have also attracted extensive attention in our country. The research and development efforts of the whole grain standards in China have been strengthened. This paper introduced the progress of the global definition consensus of whole grain and whole grain food, summarized the international development status of whole grain raw materials and whole grain food related standards in many countries and institutions, such as the Working Group of ISO Whole Grain, the United States, Canada, the Netherlands, Codex Alimentarius Commission, and so on. This paper also reviewed the present situation of definition of the whole grain and whole grain food related standards in China. More than 20 relevant raw materials, food related standards and production technical regulations and the publishment situation of other whole grain standards in China, including national standards and industry standards and local standards and group standards, were summarized, and some whole grain related standards under formulation were also introduced. Finally, the paper puts forward the development direction and suggestions for the construction of whole grain standard system in China, including fully combining with the actual production situation of China’s whole grain food industry, integrating with international standards, and combining standard testing and certification. On the whole, the gradual improvement of the standard system of the whole grain food industry will help guide and regulate the high-quality and healthy development of the whole grain industry in China, and promote the creation of a diversified and healthy grain food ecology, and provide a technical basis for the development of the whole grain industry.

Objective: A trans-critical CO2 refrigeration system with ejector is proposed and its performance factors are studied. Methods: In this paper, energy and exergic system model combined with experiment method were used to study the impact of the change of major parameters on traditional and new refrigeration systems. Results: In a given working condition, exergy efficiency of the compressor increased by 11.08% when an injector replaced the throttle valve, while the power of the compressor decreased by 6.04% and the performance factor increased by 11.1%. The optimum gas cooler pressure was found to maximize the system performance. In addition, the exergic damage of the system components was optimized in this paper. Conclusion: The ejector of the new system has great potential for optimization, and the outlet temperature of the gas cooler has the greatest influence on the performance of the ejector.

Sweet potato is a kind of low-calorie root food that has also been used for medicinal purpose. It is rich in a variety of essential nutrients and bioactive ingredients for the human body, and can be used to prevent various diseases. The quality of sweet potato directly affects its product quality, classification and quality grading and economic value. Rapid and efficient detection technologies play an important role in ensuring the quality and safety of sweet potato. Many studies on the rapid detection and analysis of sweet potato quality based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) have been reported. This paper comprehensively summarizes recent progress in the application of NIRS in the detection of the general chemical components (protein, starch, sugar, and water), active components (flavonoids and carotenoids), adulterants, heavy metals and microbial contamination in sweet potato as well as in its varietal identification. Moreover, this paper proposes future trends and research priorities for the application of NIRS in the quality detection of sweet potato. This review is expected to provide more references for further improvement of rapid quality assessment of sweet potato by NIRS and for the development of related fast testing equipment.

This paper discusses the application strategy and development trend of motion graphic design in FMCG food packaging and brand visual identity system in the digital context. By analyzing the classic cases of global and regional FMCG brand marketing, this paper discusses the application strategy of motion graphic design in FMCG packaging and brand identity system in the digital context. The results show that motion graphic design with its artistic expression, inclusiveness of multiple technologies and styles, efficient and accurate information transmission efficiency, and flexible production mode, can enhance the identification and ductility of FMCG food packaging design, and is also a necessary condition for maintaining the strong competitiveness of FMCG food brands.

Cultural inheritance is the spiritual genealogy and life source to sustainable development for a journal. This paper took Science and Technology of Cereals, Oils and Foods (in brief “this journal”) as an example to review. The period of this journal has been divided into four stages, including the gestation period from 1991 to 1992, the early and long-term from1993 to 1996, the mature period from 1997 to 2018, and the new development period from 2019 to the present, in order to review its important performance, growth and progress in the changes of social times and the reform of Chinese scientific research system over more than 30 years. By sorting out the development history and the operating experience, the phased achievements and substantial progress in terms of operating characteristics were summarized. The historical contribution, hard work and harvest have also condensed. It could lay an important cornerstone for the journal to continue to carry forward the fine tradition and promote the construction of brand culture. This paper could also promote the journal development to a new level, and provide reference for peer journals to sort out their historical developments.

A gold@platinum (Au@Pt) nanozyme-based test strip for the convenient and sensitive detection of hydrogen peroxide residues in foods was developed using Whatman No.1 filter paper as the carrier, Au@Pt nanozyme as the catalyst, 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine as the color developer, and acetic acid-sodium acetate solution at pH 4.6 as the buffer system. The optimized test strip soaking time was 10 s. The test paper could detect hydrogen peroxide in samples within 3 min with a minimum detection limit of 0.34 mg/kg and a good linearity (R2 = 0.993 1). The test paper is easy to make, highly accurate, stable and simple to operate, and can be used in the real-time on-site detection of food products in various distribution channels.

Green ecological control of stored grain pests is one of the important tasks to promote green grain storage. Predator mite control of stored grain pests is a biological control technology that employs ecological factors to suppress the population of stored grain pests. Cheyletus malaccensis control the pest populations by feeding on the eggs and larvae of insect pests and mites. As Cheyletus malaccensis is the dominant predatory mites in Chinese grain warehouse, it has several advantages, including wide distribution, large quantity, significant quantities, a broad predation spectrum, and high predation levels. This paper briefly described the control technique for stored grain pests by C. malaccensis and the advantages of control by C. malaccensis based on our team's researches in recent years. In addition, low-cost and convenient artificial propagation and release technologies have been developed. These methods are non-polluting, residue-free and are effective in preventing resistance within warehouse applications. This paper provides guidance for the green, ecological and safe stored grain pests comprehensive control and for reduced application of chemical pesticides.

The shortage of high-quality protein feed resources has become an important variable affecting food security in China. Grain and oil processing by-products are abundant in China, but the feeding value is low. If these resources are processed through modern biotechnology, such as biofermentation, enzymolysis technology or synthetic biology, their quality and efficiency will be improved and can be used to replace the soybean meal. This paper summarized the production process, feed value and its application in soybean meal replacement of fermented feed, enzymolysis feed and microbial protein feed, and also introduced the research progress of microbial adsorption, degradation, or enzymes on removing mycotoxins, finally put forward the research prospect of development, industrialization application, standard establishment, and industry supervision for biological fermentation feed. This paper can provide guidance for the application of biotechnology in grain and oil feed resources.

With the rapid development of the economy and society and the increasing improvement of people’s living standards, people have gained a scientific understanding of the sub-health state of the body. Many foods with functional claims such as supplementing dietary nutrients, maintaining or improving the body’s health status and reducing the risk of disease have emerged on the market. At the same time, as the country has introduced new policies, laws and regulations such as the “Healthy China 2030” plan to support the development of the health industry, the objective need for food functional claims has become increasingly apparent. But our current laws and regulations do not clearly definite the concept of functional foods and its requirements, so the directions of research, production and sale, market recognition and market regulation of functional foods are unclear. In particular, functional foods cannot be discriminated from health foods, which have a legal definition. In the long term, this will not only fail to promote scientific and technological innovations in ordinary foods, but also hinder the healthy development of the health food industry. In this paper, information concerning the definition and requirements of functional foods is collected and sorted out from government official documents, websites, academic journals, and other authoritative media, and the current focuses of research on functional foods in China and abroad are compared by visual analysis of high-frequency keywords. Moreover, this paper differentiates between the requirements for functional foods and those for health foods, and it suggests that top-level design be made for refined classification of functional foods on the market and puts forward suggestions on how to better connect each category with the current system.

Egg yolk is rich in nutrition and complex in structure. Its major components are egg yolk granules (EYGs) and egg yolk plasma (EYP). The physicochemical properties and microstructures of egg yolk and its components are greatly affected by different treatments during processing, and in turn affect their functional properties. Therefore, this paper reviews the effects of different treatments including salting, alkali treatment, heat treatment and enzymatic treatment on the physicochemical properties (surface hydrophobicity, oil exudation, and protein solubility) and microstructure of egg yolk as well as EYGs and EYP. In addition, this paper discusses the functional changes of egg yolk and its components after different treatments. We expect this review to provide theoretical support for future research on the physicochemical properties and microstructure of egg yolk components and on their effects on the functional properties of egg yolk components.

Temporal domination of sensations (TDS) is a temporal multidimensional dynamic sensory analysis method. This method provides the evaluators with a list of the attributes of products, and the evaluators obtain dynamic multi-attribute sensory evaluation results by selecting the perceptions they think to be dominant at each moment of tasting. In this paper, the concept and process of TDS and its application in food sensory evaluation are reviewed, and future directions in the improvement of TDS are discussed. We anticipate that this paper will provide new ideas for the development of new food products based on an understanding of the dynamic changes of sensory perception during food consumption.

Acetic acid is the major volatile acid in fruit wine and an excessive content of acetic acid will seriously affect the sensory quality of fruit wine. During alcoholic fermentation, acetic acid is mainly formed by the metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Therefore, fully understanding the regulation mechanism of acetic acid metabolism by S. cerevisiae, and breeding low acetic acid-producing strains are of great significance to solve the problem of excessive acetic acid in fruit wine. In this paper, recent progress in research on the metabolic pathways and key regulatory genes of acetic acid in S. cerevisiae is reviewed. Furthermore, this paper proposes the idea that omics technologies and quantitative trait locus mapping could be applied to explore the molecular mechanism of the regulation of acetic acid production by S. cerevisiae. Finally, the application of three functional strain-breeding methods in the breeding of low acetic acid-producing strains is summarized. This review is expected to provide a reference for obtaining excellent strains with low yield of acetic acid for precise regulation of acetic acid in fruit wine.

From the perspective of the application of headspace solid-phase microextraction-mass spectrometry coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （HS-SPME-GC-MS） technology in the detection of volatile substances in fruit products, this paper discusses its important position and significance in fruit flavor detection. This paper briefly outlines the principles and characteristics of headspace solid-phase microextraction-mass spectrometry coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and highlights the progress of its research on volatile substances in different kinds of fruit raw materials, stored and preserved fruits as well as fruit processed products such as fruit juice, fruit wine, and fruit tea, and also provides an outlook on the research direction of headspace solid-phase microextraction-mass spectrometry coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in fruit flavor detection.

Deep-frying is a traditional cooking method in China, endowing the product with unique crispy characteristic but also greasiness. High-calorie fried foods can create health risks. Many attempts have been made by researchers to reduce the absorption of oil during the frying process while ensuring the good quality of deep-fried products. This paper reviews the oil-absorbing behavior of deep-fried starch-based products during the frying process and describes several methods to regulate the oil content of deep-fried products. Adding functional ingredients (proteins or starches and a combination of hydrocolloids with the main ingredients of the product) is in line with the current trend of nutritious and low-fat foods. Coating technology, which utilizes natural macromolecules as an oil barrier, has promising applications in the production of low-fat fried foods. In addition, new frying technologies such as vacuum frying, air frying and spray frying are becoming increasingly mature, and can gradually replace traditional frying for the production of low-fat fried products according to the needs of industrial production. All regulatory measures described in this paper can reducing the oil content of different fried products to different degrees, which will provide a scientific and theoretical basis for selecting a suitable measure for oil reduction in different fried starch-based products based on their oil absorption mechanisms, and provide a theoretical reference for the development of low-fat fried products.

In recent years, the number of patients with diabetes or obesity has increased rapidly, and the glycemic index (GI) of grains has attracted attention. Using GI value to guide the choice of grains is of great significance to the prevention and control of chronic diseases such as diabetes. However, the GI value of grains is influenced significantly by processing methods and is often directly related to measurement methods. Therefore, this paper summarizes the current methods used to determine the GI value of foods as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Thereafter, this review also analyzes the effects of different processing methods on the GI values of grains and their products, and explains the possible mechanism for changes in the GI value of grains from the perspective of the interaction between various components in grains caused by processing methods. This paper is expected to provide an effective basis for the prediction of changes in the GI value of grains and the selection of processing methods, and also provide a reference for the research and development of grain products with low GI value.

Baked foods with a huge market scale play an important part in people's daily diet, and the market scale maintains a trend of rapid growth. The quality of baked foods is affected by many factors, such as raw material composition and processing conditions, so understanding the factors affecting the quality of baked foods is of great significance to process and produce high-quality baked foods. This paper reviewed the effects of fermentation conditions, processing conditions, and raw material composition on the quality of baked foods, and it also involved research on functional baked foods with the addition of special nutritional ingredients or low / no sugar content. These new types of baked foods are more in line with the current people's pursuit of the concept of nutritious and healthy diet. This paper could provide the reference for the design and production of high-quality baked foods, and promote the development and upgrading of the baked food industry.

In this paper, the overall development of electromagnetic heating food technology and even electromagnetic cooking technology was analyzed from multiple perspectives by means of literature date summary, and questionnaire survey analysis. This paper focused on the main components and functions, technical elements, core technical indicators and research hotspots of electromagnetic heating food equipment, and the current overall research situation of electromagnetic cooking food technology was also summarized and analyzed. For the commercial electromagnetic cooker products, this paper summarized and analyzed the market application situation and main use problems of electromagnetic cooker based on the questionnaire survey analysis method. Finally, based on the current situation of increasingly prominent problems of electromagnetic cooking products, the future development suggestion of standardizing market order and improving technology foresight was pointed out.

The overweight or obese population in sub-health status and the aging population in China are increasing year by year. The intracellular level of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) decreases dramatically with age and obesity. NAD+ is the key target of cellular energy metabolism and cell function regulation, which affects senescence. Therefore, improving physiological functions and delay aging by supplementing NAD+ precursors has become a hot topic of current research. β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is an intermediate metabolite of NAD+ in animals, and it is also the most direct and efficient NAD+ supplement precursor at present. However, NMN has complex effects on the physiological functions of various organs, the results of animal tests are not consistent with those of human clinical tests, and the optimal dosage has not been determined. This paper summarizes the results of recent animal and human clinical tests of NMN aiming to explore the effects, mechanisms, doses and adverse reactions of NMN supplementation on animal and human physiological functions. Through this paper, we hope to provide ideas for future research and application of NMN.

Protein gels are three-dimensional protein networks with high moisture content, which have been widely applied in several fields such as food, medicinal, and industrial sectors. Gel texture can be improved by adding dietary fiber due to its good physical, chemical and physiological properties, which has become the focus of attention of researchers. In order to better understand recent progress in research on dietary fiber-protein composite gels, this paper focuses on the classification, structure and functional characteristics of dietary fiber, and summarizes the current state of knowledge on the effect and mechanism of dietary fiber on the characteristics of protein gels. Moreover, it gives an overview of the application of fiber-protein gels in the fields of food and medicine and predicts future development directions. This paper will provide a basis for the preparation and application of fiber-protein gels.

Melatonin, a trace efficient natural plant signaling molecule, has been widely reported in plant growth and development, abiotic stress, and postharvest preservation and other aspects. In recent years, melatonin has been found to play a positive role in inducing disease resistance in fruits. This paper describes the effect of melatonin on pathogens in vitro and in infected fruits, with a focus on the mechanism by which melatonin induces fruit resistance to invasive diseases. Furthermore, this paper reveals that melatonin and plant signal transduction pathways constitute a regulation network to mediate disease resistance responses in fruits. We conclude this paper with an outlook on future research directions in order to provide a theoretical reference for further research on the mechanism by which melatonin induces disease resistance.

Frozen dough is widely used in the food industry. But there are several problems arising such as: the deterioration of dough and the reduction of fermentation activity properties during frozen storage. Frozen dough improvers are important way to solve these problems. Currently, the commonly used improvers are polysaccharides, emulsifiers, proteins and others. This paper summarizes the main problems and influencing factors in the application of frozen dough, and the mechanism and application of different improvers on the quality of frozen dough were reviewed. The paper also prospects the research and development trend of improvers.

Kudingcha (Ligustrum robustum (Roxb.) Blume) is widely used as a traditional medicinal and culinary plant of great economic value. It has a long history of use as an ethnic medicine and an alternative to tea in Guizhou, Yunnan and Sichuan provinces of China, and has attracted much attention in recent years. The chemical composition of kudingcha (Ligustrum robustum (Roxb.) Blume) is complex, from which phenylpropanoids, phenylethanoids, monoterpenes, iridoids, flavonoids and volatile oils have been isolated. It has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including lipid-lowering, antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immune regulatory and anticancer activities. However, in recent years, there are few systematic reviews on Ligustrum robustum (Roxb.) Blume, even though it is only mentioned in the reviews on Ligustrum plants or kudingcha, which is not conducive to the standardized research, development and utilization of kudingcha (Ligustrum robustum (Roxb.) Blume). This paper comprehensively summarizes recent research on the composition, pharmacological activity and quality control of kudingcha (Ligustrum robustum (Roxb.) Blume) with focuses on the structural features and pharmacological mechanism of its characteristic components. This paper will provide a theoretical reference for the preparation, separation, structure identification and pharmacological research of the characteristic components of kudingcha (Ligustrum robustum (Roxb.) Blume).

Compared with the advanced and sophisticated industrial production, agriculture and food production appear backward and sloppy, and agricultural production management methods are lacking. The fourth industrial revolution, represented by information technologies such as intelligent perception, Internet of Things, block chain, big data and artificial intelligence, has empowered traditional industries, and agriculture has stepped into a new digital, intelligence and even wisdom, which could provide a new opportunity to improve agricultural production management. Existing agricultural production management research is mostly limited to the study of concept definition, applicable theory and other issues. The development of information technology has built up a low-level Internet of Things with certain coverage, which brings some convenience, but cannot effectively support agricultural management and decision-making due to data silos, data waste, data abuse, data falsification and other thorny issues. From the perspective of top-level design and system management, this paper addressed the problems in the development of smart agriculture, conceptualized the characteristics of the event and natural event chains in the agricultural industry chain. This paper also proposed for the first time an event-correlation management approach and its wisdom strategy. The implementation of the event-correlation method included five aspects, including goal alignment, index systematization, asset linkage, process linkage and effect traceability. The application of the event-correlation management approach and its wisdom in the 5T management standard designation for Jilin rice brand building and the “six-step fresh rice precision control technology” innovation system of Wilmar rice industry have shown that it can improve the culture of rice cultivation, and systematically reduce losses to improve quality and increase economic benefits.

Resistant starch has the benefits in the regulation of intestinal flora, improvement of intestinal function, control of cholesterol levels and glycemic index. In recent years, the most concerned is the prebiotic effect of resistant starch. Fermented milk has been considered as the best carrier of probiotics and prebiotics. Adding type III resistant starch to fermented milk could not only improve the quality of fermented milk, but also enhance the functionality of fermented milk. This paper briefly introduced the relationships between resistant starch and prebiotics, and summarized the application of type III resistant starch in fermented milk. This paper also expounded the effect of type III resistant starch on the quality of fermented milk and its probiotic evaluation, which could provide reference for the application and development of type III resistant starch in functional fermented milk.

Food safety incidents caused by pesticide residues are threatening the life and health of people. At present, pesticide residues in food samples are miscellaneous, low and unknown to testing personnel and thus difficult to detect. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop high-throughput and non-targeted for the detection of pesticide residues in food samples. Chromatography-mass spectrometry has been widely used in the field of pesticide residue detection because of its advantages of high separation and identification efficiency as well as high-throughput and non-targeted nature. This paper summarizes the literature on high-throughput and non-targeted detection of pesticide residues in food samples by chromatography-mass spectrometry in the past 10 years. The current status of multi-pesticide residue detection in food samples is briefly described. Besides, this paper focuses on the application of chromatography-mass spectrometry in the detection of pesticide residues in food samples from the perspectives of the development of multidimensional chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry, the improvement of sorbent materials and sample pretreatment techniques, and the optimization of chemometric algorithms. Some suggestions for the problems existing in this field of research are put forward aiming to provide a new reference for the application of chromatography-mass spectrometry in the detection of multi-pesticide residues in food samples.

Condiments are necessary to improve the flavor of foods and are a major source of salt intake for people. Excess salt intake can be a health risk, but reducing salt can reduce the umami and taste of foods, thus reducing product quality. This paper reviews the technical strategies for salt reduction while ensuring saltiness and umami as well as their harmony. The salt reduction strategies include reducing the amount of salt, using salt substitutes and enhancing saltiness perception. The umami enhancement strategies include adding yeast extracts, umami peptides, umami amino acids and peptide derivatives. Besides, salt reduction and umami enhancement can be achieved by using lactic acid bacteria, Maillard reaction intermediates, flavor enhancers and taste-active peptides. The application of the salt reduction and umami enhancement strategies will promote the development of the condiment industry, but these strategies have the problems of insufficient basic research, few practical applications, narrow application scope and high production cost. At present, it is difficult to solve these problems. In this paper, the basic principles and characteristics of the strategies for salt reduction and umami enhancement in condiments and the current problems existing in this field of research are reviewed in detail. Future development directions are put forward in order to provide a reference for research on salt reduction and umami enhancement of condiments.

Bacterial quorum sensing (QS) is a process in which bacteria conduct chemical communication through the production, release, accumulation and induction of signaling molecules called autoinducers (AI). Aeromonas is a common spoilage bacterium in aquatic products, and also a conditional pathogenic bacterium in animals and humans. In recent years, studies have reported that the pathogenicity and spoilage behavior of Aeromonas may be related to QS, suggesting that it can be prevented and controlled by inhibiting the QS. Aeromonas has three QS systems including AI-1 system with N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) as signaling molecules, AI-2 system with 4,5-dihydroxy 2,3-pentanedione (DPD) derivatives as signaling molecules and AI-3 system regulated by QseBC. This paper introduces these three QS systems and their regulation mechanisms in detail. Furthermore, this paper focuses on recent progress in research on plant-derived, microbe- and animal-derived and chemically synthesized QS inhibitors (QSI) of Aeromonas. The potential application of QSI to the prevention of aquatic product spoilage and aquatic diseases caused by Aeromonas is discussed in order to provide a reference for the application of Aeromonas QSI in aquatic product safety.

With the improvement of living conditions, people’s eating habits gradually trend to “healthy” development. However, it is difficult to strike a balance between “healthy” and “delicious”. Seasoning is a crucial step during cooking. Saltiness is one of the five basic tastes, and it is produced mainly by adding salt in daily life. Salt plays an important role in human life, but excessive sodium intake can lead to many cardiovascular diseases. Today many health authorities around the world advocate a low-sodium diet. In this context, reducing the amount of salt in foods without affecting their flavor or quality has become a popular research topic. This paper reviews the mechanism of salty taste perception and the current status of salt reduction in foods, with special focuse on salty peptides. The sources, preparation and identification methods, synergistic effect and application prospects of salty peptides are outlined in this paper, so as to provide a basis for the development and application of salty peptides, which will help in advancing the salt reduction campaign.

In order to summarize the current status and evolution of surimi research in China and globally, 944 and 1 082 research paper published in the period of 2009 to 2021 were retrieved using the keywords: yumi (in Chinee) and surimi from the China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science (WOS) databases and were test mined for the number of research papers, authors, countries, institutions and journals using CiteSpace and the online bibliometric analysis platform. Moreover, data visual analysis was carried out by plotting keyword clustering, time line and burstness maps. It was found that there has been increasing interest in surimi research. The number of surimi research papers indexed in CNKI and WOS has shown an increasing trend in the period from 2009 to 2021, and most papers were published in the top journals in the food field. China has published 441 research papers in English, ranking first in the world, accounting for 37.99% of the world’s total, followed by Thailand, the United States and Japan. The close cooperation between authors and research institutions in different regions and countries has formed an international academic community. The research content has shifted from the macroscopic field to the microscopic field, and the research hotspots have changed from processing technology and surimi quality to preservation and antifreezers. At present, “protein” “myosin” and “secondary structure” have become new keywords and the research content has reached the molecular level. The time zone analysis showed that the keywords “sensory evaluation” and “quality” span the entire research period and have become the cornerstones of surimi research. In conclusion, surimi research is still in an active stage and will have a bright future.

Lipid is an important component except starch and protein in rice, which not only has unique nutritional value but also has a great impact on the functional properties of starch. In this paper, the species, structure, distribution, and content of lipids in rice were summarized, and the mechanism, structure characteristics and influencing factors of starch-lipid interaction were discussed. The interaction effects on the properties of starch, including swelling, gelatinization, rheology, retrogradation and digestive ability were reviewed. This paper provided useful information on understanding the interaction between starch and endogenous lipids in rice as well as its influence on the starch properties, which could promote the improvement of rice quality and the development of functional rice.

Firstly, this paper expounds the research status at home and abroad of three key technologies in the production process of fresh and wet rice flour: efficient powder dispersion, accurate weighing and automatic packaging, and focuses on the key technical problems existing in the research and development of technology and mechanical equipment; Secondly, on the basis of summarizing the development level of existing technology and equipment, this paper further analyzes the main reasons for these problems. Finally, the development direction of three key technologies in the automatic production of fresh and wet rice flour is prospected from the aspects of production technology, mechanical design and system algorithm optimization.