Search

A new method was proposed for point-of-care testing (POCT) of immunosuppressants in blood using thin-layer paper spray ionization and a miniature mass spectrometer. The aluminum thin-layer plate was used as paper spray substrate, and cut into an equilateral triangle. Aliquots of 10 μL blood sample were loaded on the aluminum thin-layer plate, and then 20 μL methanol was dropped as elution/spray solvent. The tip of the triangular plate was placed 1.0 cm in front of the discontinuous atmospheric pressure interface (DAPI) of the miniature mass spectrometer. When the spray voltage was applied, the sample was eluted from the triangular plate and formed paper spray ionization at the tip. Coupled with the miniature mass spectrometer, five immunosuppressants were detected under negative ion mode. The precursor ions ［M-H］- of tacrolimus, sirolimus, everolimus, ciclosporin A, and mycophenolic acid are m/z 802.6, 912.6, 957.1, 1 200.8, 319.1, and product ions are m/z 560.2 and 604.3, m/z 590.3 and 321.2, m/z 590.3 and 365.2, m/z 1 088.8, m/z 287.4 and 275.1, respectively. Based on the observed signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the most intense tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) fragment peaks and using the S/N=3 and 10 as the criteria, the limits of detection (LODs) and quantitation (LOQs) are estimated to be 0.5-5 mg/L and 1-10 mg/L, respectively. The internal standard method was used for quantitative analysis, and indapamide was used as the internal standard compound. Sufficient linearity for each analyte is obtained with the correlation coefficients (r) greater than 0.99. The proposed method displays good recoveries in the range of 91.0%-114.3% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 8.4%. Moreover, the developed method was used for the analysis of blood samples, which spiked with tacrolimus, sirolimus, everolimus, cyclosporine A and mycophenolic acid at the concentration of 100 mg/L. The analytical results demonstrated the consistency between the proposed method and the traditional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method. The entire analysis procedure can be completed within 1 min. The proposed method is simple, fast, accurate, efficient, and suitable for POCT of immunosuppressants in blood.

Based on the selective quenching effect of the flavonoid rutin on the fluorescence of carbon dots prepared by asparagine pyrolysis, a method for rapid detection of rutin content in the flower buds of Sophora japonica by using chitosan-based carbon dot paper chip was developed. A filter paper was immersed in the casting solution of carbon dots and chitosan. After drying, a carbon dot chitosan film was formed on the surface of the filter paper, so that the chitosan-based carbon dot paper chip was obtained. After samples were dripped on the chip, chromogenic reaction occurred uniformly within a limited region, and pictures were taken under an ultraviolet (UV) lamp at 365 nm for analysis of the red (R), green (G), and blue (B) values of the colored spots in order to optimize the preparation conditions and detection conditions. The results showed that the optimal conditions were as follows: chitosan concentration of 20 mg/mL, carbon spot concentration of 1.0 mg/mL, 50% ethanol as sample solvent, and reaction time of 20 min. Under these conditions, the difference (ΔG) in G-value between sample and solvent spots had a linear relationship with rutin concentration (C) in the range of 4 to 120 mg/mL. Using this method, the average contents of rutin in the flower buds of S. japonica from three batches were determined to be 23.85%, 22.83% and 20.30%, the average relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 6.1%, 5.6% and 6.7%, and the recoveries were 91.27% to 107.5%, which were close to the results of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The proposed method is simple and rapid, and can be used for rapid on-site determination of rutin content in the flower buds of S. japonica.

Results of academic research require publication and need to be reviewed by peers before they can contribute to the existing body of knowledge. Among the various means of publishing research findings, researchers may, according to past academic practices, first present their research results in conferences, seminars or symposiums, and then submit their results to journals for publication. Hence, the issue of “extended publication”, where conference papers are revised and submitted to journals, has gained attention in the library and information science community. This study collected public documents on the Internet and applied document analysis to examine the ethical considerations regarding such extension practice. First, this research reviewed the basic principles of research integrity and responsible behavior. Secondly, this research listed several types of violation related to research paper writing and submission, and studied the guidelines established by both domestic and foreign academic organizations, publishers, and journals. The findings of the research were used to provide specific recommendations on the best practices for extending conference papers to journal articles.

“Lab on paper” is a paper-based microanalytical system with unique advantages such as high sensitivity, low cost, portability, and mass production, which breaks through the limitations of traditional detection technologies and shows great potential in the field of rapid on-site food detection. In this paper, the typical “labs on paper”, including chromatographic paper, chemical test chip, lateral flow assay (LFA), microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs), and synthetic biological paper, are systematically reviewed. Special emphasis is put on the application of “lab on paper” in the field of food detection. Finally, the advantages, challenges, and future prospects of paper-based analytic methods are discussed, which may provide theoretical support for better application of “lab on paper” in the field of food detection.

BackgroundBy analyzing the publication of scientific and technological papers of the provincial centers for disease control and prevention (CDCs) in China, we can understand their scientific research strength, dominant disciplines, research hotspots, and talent development, which is conducive for further optimizing the scientific research construction of the disease control system.ObjectiveTo conduct a bibliometric analysis and draw a visual map of the Chinese Science Citation Database (CSCD) sourced papers published by 31 provincial CDCs in China from 2011 to 2020, to understand the scientific research status of China's provincial CDC system in the past ten years.MethodsIn April 2021, China National Knowledge Infrastructure was used to retrieve CSCD sourced papers published by 31 provincial CDCs (excluding Taiwan Province, Hong Kong and Macau Special Administrative Regions) in China as the primary unit from 2011 to 2020, and finally 5231 CSCD papers were included. Bibliometric analysis indicators include number of CSCD papers published and financial support rate, proportion of CSCD papers to total Chinese papers, distribution of CSCD papers published in high-volume journals, and number of papers for a specific CDC that their first authors affiliated with. Citespace 5.8.R1 software was used to draw author's cooperation network map, keyword co-occurrence map, keyword clustering information table, and keyword emergence map.ResultsThe number of CSCD papers published every year showed a stationary trend, and the total funding rate was 61%, showing an year-by-year upward trend (increased from 49.3% in 2011 to 68.7% in 2020). Jiangsu Province, Fujian Province, and Beijing CDCs ranked the top three in the total number of CSCD papers contributed by a specific CDC. The Chinese Journal of Epidemiology, Chinese Journal of Public Health, Chinese Journal of Zoonoses, Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine, and Chinese Journal of Endemic Diseases were the top five high-volume journals. The top three authors of CSCD papers (counted as co-authors) were Xu Bianli of Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (110 papers), Yan Yansheng of Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (72 papers), and Wang Quanyi of Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (71 papers), and they studied the epidemiology of parasitic diseases and infectious diseases, the prevention and treatment of natural epidemic diseases and AIDS, and the epidemiology of infectious diseases, respectively. The keyword co-occurrence map showed that AIDS, zoonotic diseases, hand-foot-mouth disease, etc. (frequency ≥90) were the key research directions of provincial CDCs in the past ten years. The keyword clustering categories were closely related, although there were subtle differences, the topics focused on virus and chronic disease research. The keyword emergence results suggested that the frontiers of research had gradually shifted from infectious diseases such as enterovirus, hantavirus, and Zika virus to food-borne diseases and chronic non-communicable diseases such as tumors and senile diseases over time.ConclusionThe number of papers issued by the provincial CDCs in China in the past ten years has shown an overall steady and rising trend. The leading themes of researchers and institutions are infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, etc., while food-borne diseases and elderly diseases are the hot frontiers.

An efficient surface enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)substrate was prepared by screen printing silver ink on drawing paper, white card paper and coordinate paper. The results showed that silver film/drawing paper represented the best SERS activity, followed by silver film/white card paper and silver film/coordinate paper. The minimum detection limits for crystal violet were 10-8, 10-7 and 10-7 mol·L-1, respectively. In addition, ten different positions were randomly selected on the same silver film/drawing paper surface, and the relative standard deviation values of the peak intensitiesat 913, 1 179 and 1 620 cm-1 were 13.2%, 12.5% and 10.6%, respectively, which indicated outstanding uniformity.

This study used bibliometrics to analyze the characteristics of funded papers in the social sciences in Taiwan from 2015 to 2019, including the number of funded papers, funded paper ratio, document types, fields, type of publishing organizations, journal impact, and paper citation impact. The results indicate that the number of funded papers and the funded paper ratio of SSCI papers from Taiwan have both increased. In addition to articles and reviews, conference papers are a major type of funded paper for local SSCI papers. In terms of fields, the nontraditional social sciences, such as environmental sciences, psychiatry, and public/environmental & occupational health, have a particularly high funded paper ratio. However, the number of funded papers and funded paper ratio is the highest in the field of education & educational research. The fields of economics, management, and business have a large number of funded papers but a low funded paper ratio. Universities are the main funded institutions, but hospitals have the highest funded paper ratio. Funded papers tend to have higher paper citation impacts. Therefore, funding positively affects the productivity and impact of SSCI papers from Taiwan. (Article content in Chinese with English extended abstract)

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic hints at the importance of modernizing disease control system. To understand the scientific research strength of our country's disease control system in recent years is conducive to formulating more targeted policies or measures to promote the modernization of the disease control system.ObjectiveTo understand the scientific research strength and research hotspots of China's provincial-level centers for disease control and prevention (CDCs) from 2011 to 2020, and provide evidence for the development of scientific research work, discipline construction, and talent team construction in CDCs in the future.MethodsThe Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) and Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) of the Web of Science Core Collection were used to retrieve SCI-indexed English papers published by 31 provincial CDCs (excluding Taiwan Province, Hong Kong and Macau Special Administrative Regions) in our country from 2011 to 2020, and to screen literature with provincial CDCs as the first affiliation for bibliometric analysis and visual analysis. Bibliometric analysis included the SCI-indexed publications of different provincial CDCs (as co-affiliation and the first affiliation), the number of SCI-indexed papers published by provincial CDCs (as the first affiliation) and funding rates by years, the high-frequency authors of SCI-indexed papers published by provincial CDCs (as the first affiliation) and their distribution, and the characteristics of the journals. Visual analysis software Citespace 5.8.R1 was used to draw keyword co-occurrence maps, cluster information tables, and emergence maps to provide information on research hotspots and their evolution.ResultsFrom 2011 to 2020, the number of SCI-indexed papers from 31 provincial CDCs was 8420 (including co-affiliation), of which 2060 papers listed provincial CDCs as the first affiliation. The provincial CDCs of Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Beijing, Shandong, and Guangdong were the leading six institutes in terms of the total number of SCI-indexed papers contributed as co-affiliation or the first affiliation. There was a large gap in the total number of SCI-indexed papers among the provincial CDCs. The highest total number of SCI-indexed papers contributed by provincial CDCs as the first affiliation was Zhejiang CDC (448 papers), while the lowest number was Xinjiang CDC (only 1 paper). From 2011 to 2020, the total number of SCI-indexed papers contributed by the 31 provincial CDCs as the first affiliation showed an overall increasing trend. Except for 2011, which was 63.1%, the funding rates in other years exceeded 70%. In terms of high-frequency authors, 13 first authors published ≥10 SCI-indexed papers: Zhang Yingxiu from Shandong CDC had the highest number of SCI-indexed papers (47), followed by Hu Yu from Zhejiang CDC. Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Beijing, Guangdong, Shanghai, and Shandong still ranked the top six of ≥4 first authored-SCI papers. In terms of journal characteristics, the top 20 journals with the highest number of SCI papers published a total of 862 papers, accounting for 41.8% (862/2060), and PLOS ONE ranked the first (188 papers). The research hotspots were mainly concentrated in the fields of infection, child health, and epidemiology. The main keywords of the first three cluster categories were related to the research fields of adolescent overweight and obesity, HIV, and vaccine immunity. The results of keyword emergence showed that research hotspots shifted from overweight, obesity, and body mass index to antibodies, vaccines/vaccination, and cohorts.ConclusionThe past ten years have witnessed increasing numbers of SCI-indexed papers published by provincial CDCs in our country and a stubbornly high funding rate. However, the gap among the provincial CDCs is still large seeing that economically developed eastern provincial CDCs published more SCI-indexed papers. Research hotspots have gradually shifted from overweight, obesity, and body mass index to antibodies, vaccines/vaccination, and cohorts.

The efficient AgNPs/photographic surface enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) paper substrate was prepared by inkjet printing silver ink on photographic paper, for which the wettability and surface morphology were represented by contact angle meter and scanning electron microscope(SEM). The application of AgNPs/photographic paper for detecting pesticide residues was studied by simulating the residual states of thiram on peels and in juice. It was found that thiram molecules mixed in juice or on peels could be directly recognized by the substrate without any treatment. The minimum detection concentration of thiram in juice was 0.024 mg∙L-1, in which a good linear relationship between characteristic peak intensity and concentration was obtained The detection limit of thiram on the two peels was both 0.25 ng∙cm-2. In addition, ten spots were selected from the same substrate to study the uniformity randomly. The relative standard deviations of the characteristic peak intensities at 1 142 and 1377 cm-1 of thiram were 7.8% and 5.7%, respectively. The results showed that AgNPs/photographic paper substrate had great potential in the detection of pesticide residues.

Naturally-occurring precipitate of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is generally considered to be a common phenomenon. The formation of naturally-occurring precipitate originates from the interactions among different chemical components during the decoction process. Previous literature has reported the existence of naturally-occurring precipitate in Sini decoction. In this study, seven pairs of acid-base non-covalent complexes in Sini decoction were characterized using cold spray ionization-mass spectrometry (CSI-MS). The CSI device was built in house, where a stream of nitrogen gas was cooled by liquid nitrogen and used as the sheath gas, providing low-temperature ionization conditions for the MS analysis of the acid-base non-covalent complexes. The gas pipeline was equipped with a valve to regulate the nitrogen flow rate. Data acquisition was carried out using a quadrupole/Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometer operated in both full-scan MS and collision-induced dissociation MS/MS modes. Experimental results showed that the seven pairs of acid-base non-covalent complexes were unequivocally observed in positive and negative ionization modes. Mass spectrometric responses for each acid-base non-covalent complex varied with different chemical structures, binding abilities and ionization efficiencies. A representative pair of acid-base non-covalent complex (enoxolone/benzoylmesaconine) was selected to investigate the influence of the acid-base concentration ratio (3∶1, 2∶1, 3∶2, 1∶1, 2∶3, 1∶2, 1∶3) on the binding stoichiometry. The enoxolone/benzoylmesaconine complexes with the binding ratios of 1∶1, 1∶2, 2∶1 were observed, among which the mass spectrometric peak of the 1∶1 binding ratio was the most intensive. The non-covalent interactions of the representative enoxolone/benzoylmesaconine complex were analyzed using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and computational chemistry. The thermodynamic parameters were obtained in the ITC experiment. In comparison with entropy change, the contribution of enthalpy change to Gibbs free energy was more significant, indicating that Van der Waals force and hydrogen bonding might be the main driving force in the formation of acid-base non-covalent complexes. This result was further confirmed by the docking model and simulation results of computational chemistry. Multiple hydrogen bonds derived from the interactions between specific atoms locating in the acid and base compounds promoted the self-assembly process. Moreover, Van der Waals attraction or repulsion force was generated between the C and H atoms at different positions, which in conjunction with hydrogen bonding interaction drove the formation of the acid-base non-covalent complexes. This study provides theoretical foundation and technical instruction for exploring the formation mechanism of naturally-occurring precipitate in Sini decoction.

An automatic recognition system of paper currency serial numbers of the Republic of China was realized by deep learning in this paper. Firstly, the characters of paper currency serial numbers of the Republic of China were extracted and segmented. Secondly, pre-processing for each character was conducted and the blank character zone was clipped in order to normalize the character size.Lastly, the characters were recognized by the convolutional neural network.The experimental results showed that the paper currency serial number recognition system proposed in the paper could reduce the workload of manual entry while there were stains and wrinkles existing on the paper currency.The recognition accuracy of a single character could reach more than 99.99%.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the extended publishing of conference papers in the field of management. The sample examined consisted of a total of 2,427 conference papers that were published in 2011 in nine international conferences spanning four academic fields, which were marketing, production and operations management, transportation management, and information management. This study adopted bibliometrics to analyze the extended publishing rate of the original conference papers, the document types of the extended publications, and the publication lag from the original conference papers to extended versions publishing. The differences between the originals and extended publications were also compared, including the changes in authorship, references, the length of articles, and the number of tables and figures. The results of the study reveal that the average extended publishing rate of the original conference papers was 17.06%, with journal articles being the major category. The average time lag for extended journal articles publishing was 27.99 months, and for submission was 14 months. This study suggested that the academic publishers provide relevant publication policy for extended publication. The journal editors and researchers should follow the guideline for submission and the editorial policy to avoid academic misconduct.

Brenda Dervin presented a paper in 1983 titled “An Overview of Sense-Making Research: Concepts, Methods and Results to Date” at a conference. She presented the “Sense-Making Methodology (SMM)” in the 1983 paper with the introduction of its core concepts, methods, and applications. SMM is a user-centered theory for methodology and has been widely applied to a wide range of fields. The findings of this study show that the 1983 paper has a longterm influence on other research articles and its influence has expanded into more disciplines and topics over time. Most of 283 articles citing the 1983 paper were information behavior articles published in journals of library and information science. This study contributes to confirm that the primary influence of this 1983 paper was established by a few concepts related to SMM. Not all three basic concepts constructing the SMM, “gaps”, “situations”, and “uses”, were the most influential concepts in terms of number of citation contexts. “Gaps” was the most frequently cited concept related to SMM (17.5%), closely followed by “sense-making/nonsense-making (17.3%)”. However, “SMM” was the most influential concept in terms of number of research topics of citing articles.

In recent years, some scholarly journals have indicated that they accept rewritten or extended version of a conference paper as long as new content are added to the journal article manuscript and that the original conference paper is included in the references. The extended publishing of conference papers now becomes topic worthy of investigation. This study analyzed the extended works of the conference papers from three major conferences in the fields of information management, i.e., Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)’s ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce (ACM EC), ACM Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (ACM KDD), and ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (ACM CIKM). Papers from the 2011 meetings were used as the sample to understand to what extent conference papers have been extended into journal articles and other forms and the lag between conference and journal publishing. It also examined the differences between the conference papers and their extended versions (i.e., journal papers) by comparing the changes in authorship, references, article length, tables, and figures. It reveals the current practices of extending conference papers for journal publishing in the information management fields and may help us understand the contemporary scholarly publishing behavior. (Article content in Chinese with English extended abstract)

The study utilizes bibliometrics to explore papers and patents in the field of fuel cell to examine the scientific and technical development in the area. The research data were retrieved from the WOS database and USPTO patent data from the period between 1991 and 2010, which consists of 20,758 papers and 8,112 patents. The authors analyzed numbers of papers and patents to examine the trends in the papers and patents in different countries, organizations and individuals. The results indicate upward growth in both papers and patents in fuel cell, with a higher growth rate for papers. The study shows that major paper and patent output are concentrated in a small number of countries. An imbalance exists between the number of papers published and the patents granted in organizations. The organizations that published papers and patents vary in type and category. Very few individual researchers are able to produce high numbers of both papers and patents.

隨著傳統期刊逐漸採用電子形式出刊，也帶動投稿及評閱過程愈來愈多採用電子自動化之潮流。目前一般的線上投稿暨評閱系統雖然功能逐漸齊備，但仍少有推薦評閱者功能。為評估現有可推薦評閱者技術之表現，本文分別用標題、關鍵詞、摘要、全文4種不同長度的論文表示方式，搭配7種評閱者匹配法，其中包括向量空間模式下的4種相似度匹配法，及應用於OpenConf線上投稿系統中的3種主題式匹配法，交叉組合出4×7＝28種推薦模式。測試結果顯示，向量空間模式匹配法優於主題式匹配法。又所有推薦模式中，以摘要為論文表示方式，搭配向量空間模式的餘弦相似度匹配法，其推薦效果最好。As more e-journals appear and the e-review process becomes more popular, the demand for automatic recommendation of a good peer reviewer has been ever increasing. To automate the process of paper reviewer recommendation, this work evaluates four kinds of paper representations, which include full text, abstract, title, and author defined keywords. To match reviewers with papers, this work evaluates seven scoring methods including three topic-based methods from OpenConf, a popular online submission system with source, and four similarity-based methods from the vector space model of traditional information retrieval. The results of the 28 experiments show that recommendation methods based on the vector space model are better than the three topic-based methods of OpenConf in most document representations. Among them, the abstract paper representation combined with cosine similarity matching measure has the highest average precision.

Japan’s detainment of Chinese fishing boats in 2010 and purchase of China’s Diaoyu Islands in 2012 tremendously harmed diplomatic relations between China and Japan, and had a negative impact on bilateral trade. This paper aims to analyze the impact of China-Japan relations and China’s participation in the Japan-centered East Asian production network on China’s export quality. The empirical research results based on the trade data of the mechanical and electrical industries indicate that China’s participation in the Japan-centered triangle trade enhances the quality of Chinese mechanical and electrical exports, and China should continue to strive for its integration into the Japan-centered East Asian production network.

Paper-cut is not simply a form of traditional Chinese folk art. Lucky motifs developed in paper-cut certainly acquired profound cultural connotations. As paper-cut is a time-honoured skill across the nation, interpreting those motifs requires cultural receptiveness and anthropological sensitivity. The author of this article analyzes examples of paper-cut from Northern Shaanxi, China, to identify the cohesive motifs and explore the auspiciousness of the specific concepts of Fu, Lu, Shou, Xi. The paper-cut of Northern Shaanxi is an ideal representative of the craft as a whole because of the relative stability of this region in history, in terms of both art and culture. Furthermore, its straightforward style provides a clear demonstration of motifs regarding folk understanding of expectations for life.

Call for Papers and Author Guidelines (Chinese)

研究是重要的知識探索過程，採用嚴謹的研究方法與適當的統計分析技術，清楚且有系統的呈現研究發現，能促進學域知識的發展。高品質的學術論文，是學域專業彰顯最重要的支撐。因此為瞭解圖書資訊學研究的發展趨勢，其研究方法與統計分析技術的應用，是相當值得探討的議題。鑑此，本研究針對近四十年來刊登在《教育資料與圖書館學》期刊之1,540篇研究論文，進行書目計量與內容分析，並依其刊物沿革、宗旨及演進過程，將研究期間區隔為四期，探析其自1970年創刊迄2010年所刊載的論文特徵，包括文章類型、論文語文、主題類別、論文結構、研究方法及統計分析技術等面向。研究結果發現，在文章類型上，第一期的文章類型共11種類型最多；在語文類別上，以中文論文刊載為主；在主題類別上，所刊載之論文以「圖書資訊學」（66%）所占比例最高，其次是「教育」（15%）；另在論文結構部分，有42篇（2.73%）的論文採用ILMRAD結構撰寫論文，另有8篇採用IMRAD結構，且多集中於第四期。至於最常採用的研究方法為調查法，其中主題類別為「圖書資訊學」的論文採調查法（46.63%）最多；次為「教育」類論文，約12%採用調查法；而最常採用的統計分析技術是量化敘述統計（60.11％），次為T檢定（9.27％）。Research is the important process of knowledge exploration. Domain knowledge development can be improved by using research design and proper statistical methods meticulously as well as clearly and systematically displaying research results. In order to find out the evolving trend of Library and Information Science, its research design and statistical method is a topic worth exploring. By applying bibliometric and content analysis, this study investigates the 1,540 research papers published in the Journal of Educational Media & Library Sciences (JoEMLS) in the last 40 years. According to its history and mission statement, the researchers separate time span from 1970 to 2010 into four period, exploring the features of those published papers, including the type of articles, article languages, topics, structures, research designs and statistical methods. The results show as follow. During period 1, the type of articles are diversities. In addition , Chinese papers are dominate. Moreover, the top 3 categories of research papers are the study of “Library and Information Science”(66%), follows by the “Education”(15%). As for the paper structure, there are 2.73% papers applying ILMRAD and only 8 papers of them applying IMRAD. The most commonly adopted research design is Survey Method, among them, the study of “Library and Information Science” used more often (46.63%). As to the most commonly used statistical method is Descriptive Statistics (60.11%), secondly the T-Test(9.27％).

本研究以電子與電機產業為例,從其發明專利產量與科學論文產量的觀點探討科學與技術之關係。先前的研究多數透過對技術專利與科學文獻之間的引用來探討關於科學與技術的連結,但這樣的角度僅能呈現其相互影響的部分面向。因此本研究選擇以電子與電機產業專利表現極佳的20家世界知名公司為例,從同一個公司之專利產量與科學文獻產量的角度切入,探討科學與技術兩者之間的關連,並分別從其被引用狀況,分析企業產出專利與發表科學論文後所造成的影響程度。此外本研究也分析各公司的技術週期時間(TechnologyCycleTime,TCT),探討TCT與Patent-PaperRatio之間的關連,並改良即時影響指數(ModifiedCurrentImpactIndex,ModifiedCII)的計算方法使其同時適用於專利與論文,進而比較各公司的專利與論文之即時影響指數。其中發明專利與科學論文分別檢索自USPTO與WoS資料庫,於1989年至2008年間之資料。研究結果顯示,雖然近20年來電子與電機領域的科學論文成長幅度比技術專利大,但該領域中技術專利表現最優秀的20個公司的科學論文發表狀況與產生的影響力卻與其專利數量與影響力之間關連不顯著。本結果對於電子與電機領域之公司在技術與科學之間的連結關係提供一項新的實務證據。This study investigates the relation between production of utility patents and scientific papers in the electrical and electronic (E&E) industry. Unlike most prior researches delving into the link between science and technology through patent citations and paper citations, this article takes top 20 companies in the E&E industry as an example to examine the link between science and technology in terms of the productivity of patents and papers in one company. It also probes into patent citations and paper citations respectively and its consequences. Furthermore, this approach analyzes the link between Technology Cycle Time (TCT) and Patent-Paper Ratio (PtPR) and adopts the modified calculation, Modified Current Impact Index (Modified CII), to fit patents as well as papers. The source data are retrieved from top 20 companies’ patents and papers granted by the USPTO and covered in WoS database for the period of 1989-2008. Results from this analysis demonstrate that there is little connection between productivity and impact of papers and patents of these top 20 companies. These findings provide new empirical evidences about the linkage between technology and science at E&E industry level.

Call for Papers and Guidelines for Contributors

This paper discusses the Mr. Wang Lansheng's arguments about the origin of petroleum. It is well known that metal elements and their isotopes can be combined with organic compounds to form coordinating ions or complex compounds, which can be applied to petroleum tracing and isotopic dating. The Fischer-Tropsch reaction can synthesize different kinds of hydrocarbons (including crude oils), under different catalysts, higher temperatures and pressures. Daqing's exploration shows that abiogenic gas not only is existent, but also can form big gas reservoirs, such as the Xincheng Gas Pool. In the Tarim Basin, the Silurian bitumen whose reserves are 917.8×108t was generated by inorganic reaction rather than by organic matter. Abiogenic oil and gas were also found in meteorites and in continental scientific drillings. Some other topics related to the origin of petroleum are also discussed. According to the inorganic origin theory of petroleum, some exploration targets are presented in this paper. Key words: inorganic origin, metal isotope, Fischer-Tropsch reaction, exploration target

JCIR中文版征稿启事及来稿规范 Call for Papers and Guidelines for Contributors

The growth in popularity of the World Wide Web has dramatically changed the way undergraduate students conduct information searches. The purpose of this study is to investigate what core quality criteria undergraduate students use to evaluate Web resources for their class papers and to what extent they evaluate the Web resources. This study reports on five Web page evaluations and a questionnaire survey of thirty five undergraduate students in the Information Technology and Informatics Program at Rutgers University. Results show that undergraduate students have become increasingly sophisticated about using Web resources, but not yet sophisticated about searching them. Undergraduate students only used one or two surface quality criteria to evaluate Web resources. They made immediate judgments about the surface features of Web pages and ignored the content of the documents themselves. This research suggests that undergraduate instructors should take the responsibility for instructing students on basic Web use knowledge or work with librarians to develop undergraduate students information literacy skills.

The cell-free biosensor is a tool designed to detect trace substances based on a cell-free system, which solves the problems of the traditional cell-based biosensor including having no ability to detect toxic substances, long response time, being controlled by living cells, and inconvenient operation. In recent years, cell-free biosensors have attracted extensive attention for their wide detection range, fast response speed, high sensitivity and portability. In this paper, the construction and characteristics of different types of cell-free sensors are reviewed. In addition, their applications in the detection of metal ions, pesticide residues and veterinary drug residues are introduced, and future prospects also are discussed.

Due to the high viscosity and bulk complexity of crude oil samples, it poses a grand challenge to determine hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in them. Although many methods have been developed for the analysis of H2S in complex systems, these methods generally have complex processes, large analysis error and low sensitivity. In the study, based on the reaction between triazine and H2S by generating thiadiazine, a small volume of complex crude oil sample was introduced directly into a triazine solution using acetonitrile as solvent for transferring H2S into detectable species by organic mass spectrometry. The experimental parameters of solution composition, acetic acid content, reaction time and reaction temperature were optimized, and the method of paper spray ionization-mass spectrometry (PSI-MS) was established for rapid analysis of H2S in complex crude oil samples. An optimal performance was achieved when the reaction of triazine and H2S was carried out at 30 ℃ for 2 h with acetonitrile containing 0.1% acetic acid as solvent. The standard curve for the quantitative analysis of H2S was constructed according to the linear relationship between MS signal intensity of resulting thiadiazine and the concentration of H2S, which was applied for actual crude oil samples from different sources. The results showed that the linear range and the limit of detection (LOD) were 0.1-1 000 μg/L and 0.041 μg/L with intra-day precision of 3.04% and inter-day precision of 3.18%, respectively. The PSI-MS was also employed to determine H2S in different actual crude oil samples, and the spiked recovery was 91.7%-103.5% with relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.2%-4.5%. This method has the advantages of easy operation, low cost, high sensitivity and less contamination to mass spectrometer, which is promising for the direct and fast analysis of H2S in complex crude oil samples.

頁次：44-53

頁次：4-10The Library Association of China (LAC) has announced its White Paper to Library Development - ROC 2000 in April 2000 to serve as a guideline for the future direction of library/information services in the 21st century. It took five long years for this document to reach its completion. The drafting of the document was initiated by Professor C.K. Wang at his Presidency of LAC in 1994, and accomplished by Dr. Margaret Fung at her Presidency of LAC in 1999. Announced by Professor S.H. Huang, the current President of LAC, in April 2000, and wished to promote the legislative process of Library Law in Legislative Yuan. Library Law was passed in January, 2001. White Paper to Library Development has played an vital role in this movement. This paper highlights the essence of the document.

頁次：1-7

頁次：13-32

頁次：13-23

Detection of uric acid is crucial for real-time monitoring of human health. In this work, a method of portable scanner-based quantitative detection of uric acid with a smartphone was developed, meanwhile, a filter paper chip was designed and fabricated for the detection process, which provides an on-site, fast, and accurate measurement of the uric acid in human blood serum. The limit of detection was 0.8 mg/dL, and the detection results of human serum samples showed good agreement between the spectrophotometric method and the proposed one. This method does not require complex operations or expensive instruments, which is suitable for resource-limited areas, users’ home, as well as on-site detection, with wide applications and broad market prospects.

In order to promote the transformation and development of China’s economy and cope with the realistic challenges posed by the global economic recession and slowing domestic economic growth, the Fourth Session of the 12th National People’s Congress adopted a strategic resolution on developing the “new economy” and fostering new drivers of growth. Chengdu, capital of Sichuan province, is one of the cities in China which firstly begin to carry out the layout of the new economy development. While achieving results, it also faces many troubles due to its insufficient cognition of the connotation, definition, and path of the “new economy.” The paper is based on a theoretical study in combination with the new economic development of Chengdu’s five new paths, to analyze the concept and connotation of the “new economy.” It also analyzes from the perspective of higher dimensional reconstruction and new strategic path of economic development, in order to add some insights to the theorectical study and to promote better strategic value of the new economy.

This paper introduces three current major university ranking systems. The Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities by Higher Education Evaluation and Accreditation Council of Taiwan (HEEACT Ranking) emphasizes both the quality and quantity of research and current research performance. The Academic Ranking of World Universities by Shanghai Jiao Tung University (ARWU) focuses on outstanding performance of universities with indicators such as Nobel Prizewinners. The QS World University Ranking (2004-2009) by Times Higher Education (THE-QS) emphasizes on peer review with high weighting in evaluation. This paper compares the 2009 ranking results from the three ranking systems. Differences exist in the top 20 universities in three ranking systems except the Harvard University, which scored top one in all of the three rankings. Comparisons also revealed that the THE-QS favored UK universities. Further, obvious differences can be observed between THE-QS and the other two rankings when ranking results of some European countries(Germany, UK, Netherlands, & Switzerland) and Chinese speaking regions were compared.

Due to the tremendous increase and variation in serial publications, faculties in university departments are finding it difficult to collect, generate and update their departmental core article ranked lists regularly and accurately. In addition, both students and researchers are finding it difficult to find and study the most significant papers for their departments or interested journals. Furthermore, editors want to trace and analyze the more highly cited articles published in their journals over different time spans. Therefore, the evaluation of a departmental and journal core article ranked list is an important task for faculties, students and editors. In this study, a Computer-Aided Paper Bibliometric System was implemented and four article citation ranking indicators (RCC, TCC, R/T PI and R/T CH) were proposed in order to generate a departmental and journal core article ranking list. These four indicators were designed to satisfy different audiences’ requirements. Four departments and ten journals were taken as samples, with a Department of Information Management and journal of MIS Quarterly as the major one. Several citation patterns were found. All Turning Points (TP) were located at the 4th segment (TP Site: 0.28) for all departments and journals by the TCC indicator. Through the RCC indicator, TPs from different departments or journals were classified into two types. The TP site of Type I was 0.07 and Type II was 0.14. Both RCC and TCC also have their own similar scatter charts. These patterns could be helpful in deciding the core article area or evaluating the experiment results. After comparing these four indicators via the Coefficient of Correlation, both RCC and TCC can obtain more than 0.5 and 0.9 correlation factors with their own extended indicators. The experimental results show that (TCC, TPI, TCH) and (RCC, RPI, RCH) were measured to be at an acceptable level.

The rich Chinese oral history collections at Columbia University mainly consist of the Chinese Oral History Project collection, the China Missionaries Project collection, the Academia Sinica Institute of Modern History Oral History collection, and the Zhang Xueliang (Chang Hsueh-liang, or Peter H. L. Chang) Oral History collection. This article intends to provide essential information on what is available, how to navigate through the multitudes of the collections, and how to communicate requests for access to Columbia libraries. It offers as an updated, comprehensive, consistent overview of Chinese oral history collections at Columbia for better access by users and librarians alike, particularly for Chinese-language users in Taiwan and China. (Article content in Chinese with English abstract)

無Conference proceedings are becoming increasingly important for Sci-Tech communication especially in highly dynamic and mult-disciplinary fields of knowledge. How to access to conference proceedings becoming more important for Libraries. Collects and analyzes data about conference literature in the field of library from Library and Information Science Abstracts, Library Literature. Describing them in year division. This study presented describing the state of conference literature situation in the very diverse conditions that govern information dissemination in the libraries. This analysis shows the history, influence and value of conference papers and proceedings source for librarians.

Purposes As the "world's oldest overpass", the Flying Bridge across Fish Ponds in Jinci Temple highlights the cultural characteristics of ancient buildings in Shanxi. Methods In this paper, the compressive strength of the stone pillars of the Flying Bridge across Fish Ponds in Jinci Temple was tested with the rebound meter. AutoCAD software was used for three-dimensional modeling according to the mapping paper, and Abaqus finite element analysis software was used to simulate and analyze the overall stability under static load and seismic action. Findings The results show that under static action, for the Flying Bridge across Fish Ponds, the stress of the components is much less than the allowable value, and the settlement of the foundation is small and tends to be stable. Under the action of earthquake, the structural force is uniform and symmetrical, the top surface displacement is the largest, the third main stress of the stone column is mainly concentrated on the foot and the top of the column, and along the seismic wave loading direction, the oblique section develops, the stress is also less than the allowable value, and has good seismic stability. The results of this work can provide a reference for future conservation work of the Flying Bridge across Fish Ponds.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium spp. that mainly contaminates wheat, corn, and other food crops, and has posed serious threats to food safety. Currently, enzymatic detoxification of DON shows promising application prospects. This paper provided an overview of the latest domestic and international research on the types of biotransformation enzymes, degradation mechanisms, structural features, detoxification enzyme mining strategies, and molecular modifications of DON. Additionally, the paper explored research trends in molecular design of mycotoxin detoxification enzymes assisted by artificial intelligence, which aimed to provide a reference for the development of bio-detoxification technology of DON in food and feed.

The liquid metal cooled fast reactor has significant strategic significance for the innovative development of nuclear energy, and the development of fuel performance analysis programs suitable for liquid metal cooled fast reactors is of great significance for the design and safety analysis of fast reactors. Fuel elements are one of the most fundamental components of nuclear reactors, and analyzing their performance is one of the most challenging tasks in reactor development. The fuel element performance analysis program LoongCALF based on the multi-physics coupling platform MOOSE was developed in this paper. This program aimed to simulate the long-term service performance evolution of fuel elements under steady-state conditions, providing scientific basis for the design, service life prediction, and safety evaluation of LMFR fuel elements. The program was aimed at metal cooled fast reactor fuel elements, and based on finite element method and JFNK method, solved the thermal mechanical coupling equation of nuclear reactor fuel, and obtained the spatial distribution and temporal variation of physical quantities such as temperature, stress, strain, and fission gas release. The program used a 1.5-dimensional modeling method to perform multi-physics field coupling calculations on fuel rods. In addition, the program supported one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional mesh modeling calculations to meet the construction requirements of fuel element models of different sizes and shapes. The program adopted a modular design with separate material modules. Currently, the fuel types supported by the program include UO2 and MOX, the cladding materials include HT9 and 1515Ti, and the coolant materials supported sodium, lead, and lead bismuth. To verify the accuracy of the program, two benchmark examples were designed for numerical simulation and calculation in this paper. Example 1 used UO2 as the core material and 1515Ti as the cladding material; Example 2 used MOX as the core material and HT9 as the cladding material. By comparing and calculating with the Fiber-Oxide program of the Chinese Institute of Atomic Energy, it is found that the two programs show good consistency in key parameters such as core cladding temperature, displacement, stress, and fission gas release fraction. Although there are certain differences in the handling of repositioning and fracture models, resulting in some deviation in the initial calculation results, considering the limitations of the empirical models used in fuel performance analysis programs, this difference is still within an acceptable range. In summary, the LoongCALF program can accurately simulate the fuel behavior and key parameter evolution inside fuel elements under steady-state operating conditions of liquid metal cooled fast reactors. In the future, we will rely on more practical measurement cases to conduct deeper verification and optimization of the LoongCALF program, to ensure its accuracy and reliability in fast reactor design and safety analysis.

The deterministic two-step method for the fast reactor neutronics calculation, composed of cross-section homogenization and diffusion or transport core calculations, was widely applied in the fast reactor engineering design and analysis field. The homogenized cross-section calculation method based on Monte Carlo with continuous-energy and fine geometry can provide high-precision cross-sections for advanced fast reactors. The current development status and trends of coupling Monte Carlo-generated homogenized cross-sections with diffusion and transport core calculations were briefly reviewed in this paper. The methods discussed include the Monte Carlo flux-volume homogenization method, the superhomogenization equivalence technique (SPH), and the Monte Carlo flux-moment homogenization method (MHT). The MET-1000 metal fuel fast reactor is used as a benchmark. The SPH equivalent techniques are widely used to preserve the reaction rates of a reference heterogeneous model and a homogenous model. In this paper, the SPH was applied to the control rods' cross-section address to improve the diffusion core calculations. This equivalence technique reduces the overestimation of the control rod worth using the diffusion core solver from 13.5% to 0.35% and improves power distribution prediction accuracy. With SPH correction, the MC/diffusion in this work exhibits about

The method of characteristics has very strong geometric adaptability and can be used to solve the 3-D whole core problem of high temperature gas-cooled pebble-bed reactor. However, it suffers from the disadvantages of thousands of iterations and slow calculation speed. At present, there have been some attempts to reduce calculation time for method of characteristics, including coarse mesh finite difference (CMFD), general coarse mesh rebalance (GCMR) and general coarse mesh finite difference (GCMFD). The CMFD method is applied to realize the acceleration of regular region like squares. Furthermore, to break through the limitation of macroscopic regular geometry for the numerical acceleration method, researchers successively propose the GCMR method and the GCMFD method, but these methods are very complex to implement in irregular geometries and some approximation factors must be introduced. Based on the analysis of more dense tracks are arranged for the 3-D model, the sparse macro-track transport acceleration method was proposed, which greatly reduces the calculation amount of the acceleration equation and obtains a very good acceleration efficiency without reducing the accuracy. The 2-D method of characteristics divides the angular space into M azimuthal angles and P pole angles. The 3-D method of characteristics generally uses a level symmetric quadrature set. In 2-D geometry, the angle is relatively more dense at the poles. As a result, the 2-D macro-track transport acceleration can select a small number of azimuth angles with reflection symmetry and one pole angle as the solution directions of the acceleration equation. The sparse macro-track transport acceleration method implemented in this paper used the same angles as the method of characteristics. The number of tracks for 3-D problems is an order of magnitude higher than for 2-D problems. That is why reducing the number of 3-D tracks is a promising method for reducing the amount of accelerated equation calculation. This paper applied the macro-track transport acceleration method to 3-D whole core problem of high temperature gas-cooled pebble-bed reactor to solve the problem of irregular geometric numerical acceleration. The sparsity, macro-track length limit, and the maximum iteration step limit of the macro-track method are the main factors that affect the acceleration performance. The selection method of acceleration parameters was studied through two benchmark problems. Excellent speedup ratio can be obtained by setting the sparsity to 3-5, the macro-track length to around 2.0 cm, the acceleration iteration steps limit to 20-60. The results of 3-D small light water reactor benchmark and simplified pebble-bed reactor core model show that about 7 times the time speedup ratio and about corresponding 20 times the iterative step speedup ratio can be achieved.

In this paper, the main literature related to 4DCT imaging and reconstruction techniques over the past 20 years is reviewed, and the contents are summarized. This paper provides a systematic and comprehensive introduction to 4DCT research from five perspectives: the concept of 4DCT, scanning mode and imaging method, reconstruction algorithm, application, research status, and future development expectations. In this study, five types of reconstruction algorithms are summarized, and the advantages, disadvantages, and research difficulties of each algorithm are briefly evaluated. Finally, we conduct a brief statistical analysis on the cited works from the perspective of reconstruction methods, revealing the research progress and future research trends of 4DCT reconstruction algorithms.

ObjectivesIn order to effectively broaden the beam width of the 3 dB axis ratio of a Beidou antenna, this paper proposes a slotted laminated microstrip patch antenna loaded with parasitic elements. MethodsThe Beidou dual frequency band feature is realized through a two-layer substrate structure. The bandwidth is widened by slotting. Circular polarized radiation is achieved by cutting corners at the edge of the patch. At the same time, L-shaped parasitic elements are loaded around the patch to broaden the 3 dB axial ratio beam width of the antenna.ResultsThe measured and simulated results are in good agreement. The relative bandwidths of the antenna in the Beidou B1 and B2 bands are 3% and 7.5%. The beam width of the 3 dB axis ratio can reach 180° and 176°, and the maximum gain can reach 6 dBi. In the Beidou receiver test, the number of antenna satellites can reach more than 17, and the positioning accuracy is within meters. ConclusionsThis paper proposes and validates a high-precision positioning dual band Beidou navigation antenna with wide axis ratio beam width. The results can provide references for the design of small Beidou navigation antennas.

Lagerstroemia is a native plant in China, which has been cultivated for more than 1 500 years. It is an excellent summer flower woody plant, and is widely used in urban landscaping because of its beautiful color, long flowering period and the advantage of purifying air. The germplasm resources of Lagerstroemia indica are extremely rich. There are about 60 species of Lagerstroemia in the world, 40% of which are in China. The results of national and regional investigations have laid a good foundation for the study of L. indica. In recent years, the cultivation and application of new cultivars have been increased in various regions. The breeding method is mainly traditional breeding, and many new cultivars with good characters and high market value have been cultivated. With the rapid development of breeding technology and molecular biology, a breakthrough has been made in the researches on molecular assisted breeding of L. indica. In this paper, the classification research, germplasm resources, breeding research and introduction and application of L. indica were reviewed. We systematically sorted out the germplasm resources of L. indica in China, including 24 wild species and 350 cultivars, discussed the research process and development trend of breeding of L. indica at home and abroad, and summarized the current situation of introduction and application research. In regard to the current research status of L. indica, this paper offered reflections on future research directions to enhance investigations of L. indica, improve germplasm resource banks, and establish information sharing channels; efforts on breeding should be expanded beyond flower color, fragrance, plant type, resistance and extension of flowering period; and biological and intelligent technologies should be leveraged to strengthen breeding techniques and accelerate innovation in L. indica germplasms. Continuous application forms for L. indica resources should be developed according to local conditions to fully realize their value.

BackgroundThe development of railways has a long history, but there is limited research on the health of railway workers at home and abroad. China's high-speed railway development has attracted worldwide attention in recent years, and it is of great significance to study how to promote the health of this occupational population to ensure the safety of railway transportation. ObjectiveTo identify development trends and hotspots in the field of railway workers' health at home and abroad. MethodsThe research literature related to the health of railroad workers dated from January 1, 1973 to December 31, 2022 was searched using the China Knowledge Network Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science Core Collection (WoS) databases. After screening and cleaning, the included literature was subjected to bibliometric analysis by applying CiteSpace 6.1R6 software to visualize and analyze literature co-citation, keyword emergence, and keyword timeline graphs, and by VOSviewer 1.6.19 to visualize and analyze country/region collaboration, keyword co-occurrence, and keyword clustering. ResultsDuring the period from 1973 until 2022, a total of 273 Chinese literature and 165 English literature were found to report studies related to the health of railway workers. The Chinese literature began to grow rapidly in 2009 and peaked in 2015, and the number of English literature published in a relatively flat state over the studied period. The country with the most papers indexed by Science Citation Index (SCI) was the United States (58 papers), which also presented the richest international collaborations. The document with the highest domestic citation frequency was published in the Chinese Journal of Mental Health in 1994, and the document with the highest SCI citation frequency was published in the American Journal of Epidemiology in 1994. The keyword co-occurrence analysis showed that the included Chinese literature mainly focused on health checkups, health management, hypertension, mental health, and chronic diseases and their prevalence; the included English literature focused on mortality, lung cancer, epidemiology, and diesel engine exhaust and its exposure. The analysis of emergent words showed that health management, frontline workers, and occupational stress were the topics of interest in Chinese literature in the last five years, while occupational stress, diesel exhaust emissions, and noise exposure were the topics of interest in English literature in the last ten years. The results of the timeline graph analysis suggested that the recent research directions in Chinese literature were health intervention, humanistic care, staff canteens, etc. There were few English-language articles related to this area after 2010. ConclusionThe research hotspots of railroad practitioners' health will keep changing with the development of high-speed railways in countries around the world. The outstanding rise of Chinese literature issued in the last decade has been in striking contrast to the slow progress and decreasing of English literature. The Chinese literature has gradually expanded the hotspots from chronic diseases to health management, occupational stress, and sleep disorders.