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The article presents a strict interpenetration of scientific discourse and literary fiction on the ex-ample of Zolaʼs La Joie de vivre. The coexistence of these discourses is part of the poetics of ambiguity, which is characteristic of the weave of literature and science, where Science opposes Doubt. The purpose of the article is to reflect on the relationship between Experience (everyday life) and Experience (scientific). This conceptual opposition is embodied in a pair of main characters: Pauline and Lazare, equipped with a different attitude to reality and science. She learns human physiology by experiencing changes in her maturing body, which appears to her as a complex, but full of secrets, beautiful machinery. He lives by fearing the body and seeing it as the source of death. He wants to defeat death by coming up with experimental designs that are supposed to make him great and bring immortality. His failures lead him to Doubt and negation of science. Zola decides nothing balancing between knowledge and doubt, affirmation of life and the inevitability of death.

Faced with the scientific hypotheses of the 18th and 19th centuries on the origins of life, some authors try to maintain the creationist imagery while others develop representations of the gradual emergence of life forms from inert matter (heterogeny). The divide is not between the scientific and the literary: what is most remarkable is the pooling of all resources, the borrowing from various disciplines to put words to the emergence of life. This mix of science, poetry, myth and observation, which can be likened to the category of the legendary, shows that science and the humanities dialogue and interpenetrate despite ideological and religious obstacles, and recalls the unity of the cultural whole.

En este articulo se abordan las consecuencias del uso de la traducción automática neuronal entrenada a partir de corpus obtenidos de traducciones de géneros textuales específicos producidos en contextos profesionales concretos. Fenómenos como el translationese y el post-editese vinculados al uso de la traducción automática marcan la necesidad de orientar la investigación hacia nuevas maneras de abordar la calidad en la traducción profesional. Desde una perspectiva de salvaguarda de las lenguas en tanto que patrimonio cultural inmaterial, se plantean diversas cuestiones relacionadas con el efecto que puede tener, en las cultures y las lengua de llegada, el uso de la traducción automática, en términos de percepción y de calidad, y cómo su uso puede llegar a alterar el estándar de la lengua. Se apunta la necesidad de definir umbrales de calidad de la traducción que vayan más allá de los aspectos relacionados con la detección de errores, que es el tipo de correcciones de mayor viabilidad económica.

Actualmente, la posedición de traducción automática (TA) se considera una práctica habitual en el flujo de trabajo de traducción, sobre todo por la buena calidad que se obtiene con la traducción automática neuronal (TAN). Este hecho está asociado a los esfuerzos que han hecho los proveedores de servicios lingüísticos y los clientes para reducir los costos debido a la reciente crisis mundial y a la creciente globalización, que ha tenido un impacto negativo en los ingresos de los traductores y en sus prácticas profesionales. En este contexto, los traductores suelen percibir la posedición con un sesgo negativo. En este artículo se presenta uno de los primeros estudios estudio sobre las actitudes de los traductores ante la posedición y se relacionan con sus tasas de productividad. También cotejamos los resultados con una encuesta contestada por poseditores profesionales que evalúan su percepción de la tarea en el mercado actual.

Indexado en Scopus Manuel González Prada es uno de los autores latinoamericanos más importantes. Utilizó la metáfora biológica para criticar a la sociedad peruana a fines del siglo XIX. La metáfora de la enfermedad, el animal y la planta son tres tipos de procedimientos analógicos que utiliza González Prada según una visión naturalista, heredera del evolucionismo de Spencer. González Prada cuestiona la imitación y falta de precisión estilística de los escritores del siglo XIX, además de concebir que el Perú es un organismo enfermo. Manuel González Prada is one of the most important Latin American authors. He used the biological metaphor to criticize Peruvian society in the late nineteenth century. The metaphor of disease, animal and plant are three kinds of analog procedures that González Prada uses according to a naturalistic vision, heiress of Spencer's evolutionism. González Prada questions the imitation and lack of stylistic precision of writers in the nineteenth century, as well as conceiving that Peru is a sick organism. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Revisión por pares

La posedición de textos generados con traducción automática está cada vez más presente en el sector de la traducción. En este contexto, es esencial saber cómo este nuevo proceso en el mercado de la traducción ha impactado a los traductores profesionales. Varios estudios han recogido a lo largo de la última década información sobre las perspectivas en relación con la traducción automática y la posedición de los diferentes agentes implicados en el sector de la traducción, aunque son minoría los que se han interesado en la opinión de los traductores (OPTIMALE, 2011; Guerberof, 2012; Specia y Torres, 2012; Temizöz, 2013; Gaspari et al., 2015; Rossi y Chevrot, 2019; entre otros). Llegados a este punto, el objetivo de este trabajo es completar la visión general de lo que ya se ha analizado hasta la fecha sobre la percepción de los traductores profesionales respecto a la posedición de textos generados con traducción automática, con especial atención al caso de España. En particular, se presentarán datos relativos a sus principales temores, preocupaciones y preferencias en relación con esta actividad profesional.

The objective of the article is to analyse the way the sexuality of plants is presented in the poem Las bodas de las plantas by José de Viera y Clavijo (1731-1813). The author of this didactic poem written in the early 19th century refers to some aspects of Linnaeus’ taxonomic system founded on the concept of “nuptiae plantarum” (the marriages of plants). We argue that Viera’s description of the anatomy and physiology of the plant’s reproductive parts, albeit reflecting scientific knowledge of his time, possessed some unique features. In particular, depicting the deeply sexualized portrait of the second kingdom thatbemerges from the Linnaeus’ treatises, the Spanish author tries to “save” the “innocence” of the plants, following a long tradition of their representation in the Western culture. To this end, he complements the picture of plants’ sexuality and reproduction by the idea of plants’ maternity.

Aquest estudi proposa un escandall de traducción a l’espanyol de l’obra «menor» [‘breu’] de Bernat Metge, Ovidi enamorat. Hom fa una anàlisi del contrast que s’hi estableix entre la descriptio puellae i la passió amorosa jovenívola i la serenor de l’amor madur, que ha superat el temps i les dificultats. S’hi analitza també les unitats fraseològiques de l’original en haver-les de traducir de manera que no es desvirtue la textura del llenguatge literari de l’original. This study focusses on a (draft of) translation into Spanish ot the «minor» [´short’] novel by Bernat Metge: Ovidi enamorat [Ovid in Love]. The contrast between, in one hand, the description puellae and the young love passion that it excites, and, by the other hand, the serenity of the «mature love» which has passed time and difficulties. This study analyses as well the Phraseological Units form the original when the are translated into Spanish in order to not to loose its original literary language character. Aquest estudi s’ha dut a terme en l’Institut Superior d’Investigació Cooperativa IVITRA [ISIC-IVITRA] (Programa per a la Constitució i Acreditació d’Instituts Superiors d’Investigació Cooperativa d’Excel∙lència de la Generalitat Valenciana, Ref. ISIC/012/042), i en el marc dels projectes, xarxes i grups de recerca següents: «Variación y cambio lingüístico en catalán. Una aproximación diacrónica según la Lingüística de Corpus» (MICINUN, Ref. PGC2018-099399-B-100371); (IEC, Ref. PRO2018-S04-MARTINES); del Grup d’Investigació VIGROB-125 de la UA; la Xarxa de recerca en innovació en docència universitària «Lingüística de Corpus i Mediterrània intercultural: investigació educativa per a l’aplicació de la Lingüística de Corpus en entorns multilingües diacrònics. Aplicacions del Metacorpus CIMTAC» (Institut de Ciències de l’Educació de la UA, Ref. 4581-2018); i el Grup d’Investigació en Tecnologia Educativa en Història de la Cultura, Diacronia lingüística i Traducció (Universitat d’Alacant, Ref. GITE-09009-UA]).

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the assimilation in terms of voicing on the border between words in Macedonian and in Romanian. Although the compared languages belong to different language families, the pronunciation of the obstruental segments in this position is similar. In both Romanian and Macedonian, a regular regressive assimilation is observed on the border between two words. In Macedonian, the voiced obstruent at the end of a word can be pronounced as a voiced or a voiceless before a resonant at the beginning of the next word. It is important that more often the voiced obstruent at the end of the word loses voicing before a vowel in the initial position than before a sonant. In Romanian, before a resonant in the initial position, the voiced obstruent in the final position of the word in front of it is pronounced voiced. The voiceless obstruent on the border between words can be pronounced as a voiced if it occurs before a sonant in the initial position of the next word. This is an optional phenomenonlike the voiceless pronunciation of the voiced obstruent before a resonant on the border of two words in Macedonian. As one can see, in both languages, obstruents at the end of a word behave differently before initial vowels and sonants on the inter-word border.

The paper describes types of derivational formatives in Polish and Romanian functional, i.e. synchronic derivation, focusing on the proper derivation (i.e. derivation from single-word bases). The proper derivation is positioned as a type of word-formation and a branch of morphology. The author identifies theprimary functions of derivational formatives: the semantic, pragmatic and syntactic function. The formatives are identified using a methodology developed in Polish word-formation theory, especially within nest derivatology. Applying a methodology developed for the description of the Polish word-formationsystem is aimed at distinguishing derivational formatives in Romanian. The author identifies and classifies the following types of derivational formatives in Romanian: affixes (among these prefixes, suffixes, postfixes and ambifixes), alternants (defined as members of alternation), negative formatives (in backformation), paradigmatic formatives (defined as changes in inflexional paradigm), zero formative and accentual formatives. The author also suggests including the types of word-formation stems in the description of the formal structure of derivatives.

A little writing not enough researched and reaching a few pages belonging to Vasile Alecsandri proves the keen interest of a comedies and vaudeville author for language issues, especially for the building of a beautiful and fluent literary language. From our point of view, of a today's researcher, it is the only work published towards the end of the 19th century (approx. 1876), which includes in the title the term of grotesque with certain connotations, unusual for the Romanian cultural space. Through an analysis sourcing in the New Criticism, we will show the links, avant la lettre, with the aesthetics of the grotesque in the Romanian space and the intuitions of a writer, considered “easy”, although a classic of Romanian literature.

The article deals with the representation of Italian pronunciation in five contemporary dictionaries for young Slovenian learners. As the use of a dictionary not only stimulates the development of lexical competence, but can also serve as a useful means for pronunciation learning, the article investigates five categories representing phonetic-phonological features in a dictionary: introduction to phonetics/phonology (e.g. a pronunciation guide), phonetic transcription, phonemes, consonant length and accent. The representation of these features in a dictionary for young learners should be clear and coherent, and in some cases a dictionary (especially a dictionary intended for the youngest users) should also featureaudio pronunciations. The five dictionaries analysed are fragmentary with regard to the pronunciation: only one dictionary includes audio recordings (although the relation between the spelling and the pronunciation remains unclear, as it does not include a pronunciation guide); two dictionaries include deficient phonological transcriptions and incomplete pronunciation guides; one dictionary contains only the Italian alphabet with corresponding phonemes, while another dictionary is without any elements that could familiarize a Slovenian learner with Italian pronunciation.

The aim of the present article is to shed the light on educational aspects which can be obtained by the exploration of an authentic, advertising material. The analysis attempts to demonstrate how communicative and linguistic characteristics, argumentative patterns, rhetorical figures and cultural aspects, which constitute the complex structure which is advertising message, convey values, stereotypes, social and linguistic tendencies. All of the above are conceived in order to complete the goals of persuasion. For the teacher, it is a rich, authentic and precious resource which gives the student the opportunity to extend his abilities and skills, to face and approach a new, linguistic and cultural context.

This article attempts to examine the passive auxiliaries in modern Italian and how they are presented to the Italian language learners. A growing body of research has been throwing light on the fact that the passive auxiliaries are not only the canonical essere and venire, but also andare, which is open to a twofold interpretation («modal passive» and «loss passive»), as well as rimanere, restare, trovarsi,vedersi and finire. In view of this, the analysis of syllabi of Italian L2 and of Italian grammar books has been carried out. The analysis of seven syllabi has confirmed the tendency to introduce the passive voice at B2 level. As far as auxiliaries are concerned, the syllabi refer explicitly to five: essere, venire, andare, restare and rimanere. The second analysis, carried out on sixteen grammar textbooks for Italian language learning, has shown some weakness regarding the teaching of passive auxiliaries, such as a) lack of any semantic differentiation between use of essere and venire; b) a certain selectivity in presenting aspects of the remainder of auxiliaries (andare, rimanere, vedersi, trovarsi and finire are rarely presented in their entirety); c) various theoretical disagreements in the presentation of the rules that guide the use of passive auxiliaries.

The purpose of this is to analyze the toponyms present in some Italian-Polish and Polish-Italian bilingual dictionaries. After selecting a “skeleton” of the dictionaries that trace part of the history of the bilingual lexicography in question, we move on to the analysis of the toponyms used in the dictionaries. In a lexicultural context, understood as the transfer of the cultural elements of a given language, we observe the choices made by lexicographers of the different eras and try to understand the reasons, sometimes of a personal nature or dictated by the historical context, or sometimes influenced by the political system in a given country. At the same time, we want to highlight the evolution in the diachronic field that toponyms and their equivalents have had in the dictionaries in question, as well as their value in teaching a particular foreign language.

The aim of this paper is to address the issue of teaching politeness in textbooks dedicated to learners of Italian as a foreign language. It is assumed that in today’s ever-changing world, full of conflicts and challenges of various kinds, polite communication has become of increasing importance as it helps overcome differences between the participants of the act of communication and promote a peaceful coexistence. Politeness is a phenomenon particularly sensitive to the situational context: the forms considered appropriate vary according to the parameters such as place, channel, age or status of the interactants. Since the complexity of politeness and the variability of its exponents make it difficult to teach, the purpose of this research is to analyze if and how the current textbooks of Italian deal with this aspect of communicative competence. The paper examines which aspects of politeness are taught and with what methods. The analysis is based on the selected textbooks of Italian published in Italy and Poland, in order to compare their approaches.

The present paper is aimed to analyze how certain concepts of political identity are translated into poeticsof identity in contemporary Spanish narrative. The analysis covers four novels published since 1998,written by Spanish authors and which achieved high rates of sales and positive critical recognition. Thestudy was not limited to specific immigrant groups in order to reflect a variety of experiences and politicalpositions represented in the texts. The paper is a study of the image and functions of immigrantcharacters in selected Spanish novels of the last three decades: Háblame, musa, de aquel varón (1998) by Dulce Chacón, Ventajas de viajar en tren (2000) by Antonio Orejudo, Cosmofobia (2007) by Lucía Etxebarria and En la orilla (2013) by Rafael Chirbes. Sociologists and psychologists indicate three main classes of negative attitudes towards immigrants (citizen insecurity, threat to cultural identity and competitiveness in obtaining resources). Within this context the article aims to determine to what extent the literary representations of immigrant characters constitute reproductions or transgressions of culturally prefabricated images of the Other and explores the different narrative and ideological functions these characters play. The paper also studies the presence of discourses that support social exclusion of immigrants and the means of subverting them.

For the last two decades, especially since the 2008 economic crisis, there has been a notable increase in literary works exploring social, political and economic themes in Spain. The growing number of “crisis novels” has reignited the debate about the political role of literature and its ability to challenge and modify existing social models. This article seeks to highlight the female perspective within this dis- cussion. The aim of my analysis of the five novels written by contemporary Spanish female authors (Belén Gopegui, Cristina Fallarás, Cristina Morales, Elvira Navarro and Marta Sanz) and published between 2007 and 2018 is to expose the distinctive female experience as represented in the literature, where it often turns into undermining the system. If women’s literary practice takes the form of political intervention, it is not just because of the collapse of the fundamental trust in the state and its institutions, but mainly due to the shifts in the distribution of the sensible, as we tend to understand the politics of literature after Jacques Rancière.

The representation of the disability in the recent Spanish narrative raises several questions: by the role and place that the excluded occupy in the fictitious worlds, by the point of view and the tonality in which they are represented, by the reaction of the other participants of fiction. In the recent novel by Cristina Morales titled “Lectura fácil”, four protagonists are presented with intellectual disability. For his condition the metaphor of slavery is used, but it is not an internal oppression, but external and insti-tutional one. The social system is much more oppressive and violent than the experience of the disease itself. They radicalize and oppose the therapeutic and normalizing attempts of society and thus question the dominant culture. The presentation of the disability made by Morales lacks the perspective of supe-riority, but also cedes from a different emotional perspective compared to the portraits of normative characters.

portuguesO processo de ensino-aprendizagem de uma segunda lingua e complexo e largamente influenciado pelas percecoes do professor e do estudante, com impacto no sucesso das aprendizagens. Compreender a identidade cultural do aprendente, assim como as suas perspetivas quanto ao ensino-aprendizagem de uma lingua estrangeira e a sua recetividade as atividades propostas e muito importante para assegurar uma aprendizagem bem sucedida e evitar conflitos entre a cultura de ensino do aprendente e o seu contacto com novas tendencias pedagogicas. Este trabalho procura conhecer as percecoes do aprendente chines de portugues lingua estrangeira (PLE), cujo percurso pedagogico esta profundamente formatado pelos metodos tradicionais. Recorrendo a investigacao baseada em inquerito (survey), os resultados apontam para um perfil de aluno profundamente moldado pelo seu background cultural, mas tambem pratico e recetivo a ideia de mudanca. EnglishSecond language teaching and learning is a complex process largely influenced by the perceptions of the teacher and the student, with an evident impact on the success of the education. Understanding the cultural identity of the learner and their perceptions of the foreign language teaching-learning process as well as their openness to the proposed activities is very important to ensure successful learning and to avoid conflicts between the learner's culture and new pedagogical tendencies. The present work seeks to better understand the perceptions that the Chinese learner of Portuguese as a Foreign Language (PFL) has. Using survey-based research, the results point out to a student that is deeply molded by its cultural background but also very active and receptive to the novelty. Keywords

EnglishThis paper deals with the functions of the adjective phrase in Italo-Romance language varieties in Middle Ages. The central section of the paper (§ 2) is dedicated to qualifiers, as prototype of adjective phrase: their role (§ 2.2) and their position (§ 2.3) within the sentence are expecially focused. A section is also dedicated to their argument structure (§ 2.4). The third section (§ 3) is dedicated to such adjectives, which come from pronouns: other than some well known classes (e.g. possessive adjectives), the quite unfamiliar adjective role of the relative prononun is also investigated (§ 3.4). Finally, the § 4 aims to shed light on some different constructs, such as prepositional phrases and relative clauses, which share some functions and features of the adjectives. The examples are taken from several genres: literary prose, poetry, practical texts, and above all the so-called “prosa media”, typical of the Italian Middle Age. italianoIl presente contributo analizza le funzioni del sintagma aggettivale nelle varieta italoromanze medievali. La parte centrale dell’articolo (§ 2) e dedicata all’aggettivo qualificativo, quale prototipo del sintagma aggettivale: particolare attenzione e dedicata al suo ruolo (§ 2.2) e alla sua posizione (§ 2.3) nella frase. Anche la struttura argomentale dell’aggettivo e considerata (§ 2.4). Il § 3 e dedicato agli aggettivi pronominali: oltre a classi ben conosciute (per es. i possessivi), si considera anche la meno nota funzione aggettivale del relativo (§ 3.4). L’ultimo paragrafo (§ 4) getta una luce su costrutti di diverso tipo (sintagmi preposizionali e frasi relative) ma che condividono alcuni caratteri degli aggettivi propriamente detti. Gli esempi sono tratti da testi di generi differenti: prosa letteraria, poesia, testi pratici e soprattutto la cosiddetta “prosa media”, tipica del Medio Evo italoromanzo.

espanolEl bilinguismo y el multilinguismo han estado en el centro de la investigacion contemporanea y el trabajo de de varios campos linguisticos. En la mayoria de los casos, el multilinguismo se ha percibido y, por lo tanto, considerado como una competencia activa lo que condujo a una notable cantidad de estudios que se centraron, por ejemplo, en la competencia equilibrada de dos y mas idiomas de un hablante, una lista que consiste en ventajas y desventajas del conocimiento multilingue, etc. En nuestro articulo, por el contrario, tratamos de procesar su contraparte que es el conocimiento pasivo o, en otras palabras, receptivo. En el contexto de la Peninsula Iberica, el multilinguismo receptivo representaba una ocurrencia comun desde los comienzos de la romanizacion de esta area y, por lo tanto, no puede y no deberia clasificarse como monolingue. La situacion cambio dramaticamente durante la introduccion y el surgimiento de la ideologia del habitus monolingue (una nacion exige un idioma) que tiende a considerar el multilinguismo y la diversidad linguistica como un obstaculo para la construccion de la nacion. Desde el punto de vista actual nos enfrentamos a la presion de la planificacion del idioma nacional espanol que limita severamente, y en gran medida implicitamente, las funciones de las lenguas minoritarias en cuestion. Nuestro objetivo, por lo tanto, es mapear esta realidad diversa y sobre todo sus tendencias actuales y asi proporcionar una vision moderna de este tema. portuguesBilingualism and multilingualism have long been in the focus of contemporary linguistic research and fieldwork. In the majority of cases, multilingualism has been perceived and thus considered as an active competence, which has led to a notable number of studies that focused, for example, on the balanced competence of two or more languages of one speaker (i.e., a list consisting of pros and cons of multilingual knowledge etc.). Contrastly, in our article, we aim to process its counterpart which is passive or, in other words, receptive knowledge. In the case of the Iberian Peninsula, receptive multilingualism has been a common occurrence since the beginnings of the romanization of this area and therefore could not and should not be classified as monolingual. The situation has changed dramatically with the introduction and rise of the ideology of monolingual habitus (i.e., one nation calls for one language) which tends to consider multilingualism and linguistic diversity an obstacle to nation building. From the current perspective, we face pressure from Spanish national language planning, which severely, and to a considerable extent implicitly, limits the functions of the present minority languages. Our aim, therefore, is to map this diverse reality of current trends and thus provide a modern overview of this topic.

EnglishThis article aims to explore the different dimensions of the concept of separation and rupture in the novel Explicacao dos Passaros by Antonio Lobo Antunes. This particular novel can be considered as an important development within the oeuvre of the writer as it marks a departure from his previous literary output. Moreover, besides it's literary significance, the novel also lifts the veil on the historical and sociological world of Post-Revolution Portugal, with its conflicts and paradoxes. It is by tackling the way in which the author articulates the different modes of separation and conflict that the reader can penetrate the novel, becoming an active participant, which is the aim of the Antunian literary project. Thus, this article endeavours to dissect the different ways in which separation functions as a metaphor for the wider work of the author and at the same time as a window into the problems of contemporary Portugal. portuguesEste artigo tem como objetivo explorar as diferentes dimensoes do conceito de separacao e rutura no romance Explicacao dos Passaros, de Antonio Lobo Antunes. Este romance, em particular, pode ser considerado um desenvolvimento importante dentro da obra do escritor, pois marca um afastamento de sua producao literaria anterior. Alem disso, para la do seu significado literario, o romance levanta tambem o veu do contexto historico e sociologico do Portugal pos-revolucao, com os seus conflitos e paradoxos. E abordando a maneira como o autor articula os diferentes modos de separacao e conflito que o leitor pode penetrar no romance, tornando-se um participante ativo, objetivo do projeto literario Antuniano. Assim, este artigo procura dissecar as diferentes maneiras pelas quais a separacao funciona como uma metafora para o trabalho mais amplo do autor e ao mesmo tempo como uma janela para os problemas de Portugal contemporâneo.

portuguesError analysis (EA) helps to understand the learner’s interlanguage and helps to shed light on the process of L2 acquisition. Taking into consideration the recent corpus-based researches in EA and considering also the specific studies in the language learning field, in this article I analyze errors in written texts by two Czech and two Slovak students of Italian L2, from elementary to advanced level. Data have been collected in a period of three years and they are investigated in a contrastive perspective. This analysis has two main purposes: firstly, to observe errors in light of second language acquisition studies of Italian L2; secondly, to focus on errors in the different levels of interlanguage in order to gain new data in the transitional competence of learners with Slavic L1s italianoNell’ambito degli studi sull’apprendimento di una L2, l’analisi dell’errore (EA) da un contributo fondamentale sia allo studio dell’interlingua sia all’osservazione del processo di acquisizione della lingua straniera. Tenendo conto sia dei recenti sviluppi dell’EA basata sui corpora sia delle ricerche specifiche per l’italiano L2, il presente studio si propone di analizzare, in prospettiva contrastiva, gli errori rilevati nelle produzioni scritte di due apprendenti cechi e due apprendenti slovacchi di italiano L2 durante il loro percorso di acquisizione da iniziale ad avanzato. I dati sono stati raccolti durante un periodo di tre anni. L’obiettivo della ricerca e duplice: da una parte si vuole leggere le devianze alla luce dei risultati emersi in linguistica acquisizionale per l’italiano L2; dall’altra, si intende osservare costanti e cambiamenti negli errori per acquisire ulteriori dati sulla competenza transitoria di apprendenti slavofoni.

espanolWe aim, with this study, to investigate the narratives “Farsas” and “Onfalia Benoiton” written by the Portuguese author Eca de Queiros, published in the newspaper Gazeta de Portugal in the 1860s, therefore, at the beginning of the writer’s career, and posthumously collected into Prosas barbaras, in order to verify how is the presence of the grotesque in both stories. We argue that the unusual is a common feature of Prosas barbaras and, as we intend to demonstrate, social criticism, a characteristic of the author’s realistic production, is also present in narratives linked to the fantastic. portuguesPretende-se, com este estudo, investigar as narrativas “Farsas” e “Onfalia Benoiton”, do autor portugues Eca de Queiros, publicadas no jornal Gazeta de Portugal na decada de 1860, portanto, no inicio da carreira do escritor, e reunidas postumamente na coletânea Prosas barbaras, a fim de verificar como se da a presenca do grotesco nos dois relatos. Defendemos que o insolito e um traco comum dos textos da compilacao Prosas barbaras e, como pretendemos demonstrar com a analise das duas obras, a critica social, uma caracteristica da producao realista do autor, tambem esta presente em narrativas vinculadas ao fantastico.

portuguesNeste artigo sugerimos a inclusao de estrategias de assertividade linguistica e praticas de multilinguismo receptivo nos projectos de revitalizacao de linguas menorizadas. Em concreto, comparamos as situacoes do frisio ocidental e do mirandes, e basando-nos nas semelhancas —a) as duas linguas tem uma falta de prestigio evidente embora sejam reconhecidas oficialmente pelos governos respectivos, e b) as duas linguas estao estreitamente relacionadas com a lingua dominante respectiva— vamos propor uma estrategia para projectos de revitalizacao da lingua mirandesa. Esta proposta, no entanto, pode tambem ser aplicavel noutros contextos semelhantes, como, por exemplo, os das outras linguas românicas da peninsula iberica. EnglishIn this article we will suggest the inclusion of linguistic assertiveness strategies and receptive multilingualism practices in the revitalization projects of minoritized languages. In particular, we compared the situations of West Frisian and Mirandese, and based off the similarities between them —a) both languages suffer from an evident lack of prestige even when they are officially recognized by their respective governments, and b) both languages are closely related with the respective dominant language— we will suggest a strategy for the revitalization projects of Mirandese. This proposal, however, can also be applicable in other similar contexts, such as the situations of other Romance languages in the Iberian Peninsula.

espanolThis article aims to contribute to the international anthropological debate on ethnographic archives and their preservation. We believe that the contributions of anthropology are central to a transdisciplinary debate that focuses on the preservation of data; the second life of ethnographic records; the construction of new knowledge from archives; and the transfer of knowledge to the populations studied. something common both in Anthropology and in Linguistics. During the fieldwork, anthropologists and other ethnographers construct their documents through experience and intersubjectivity relations and keeping them in the private domain. Ethnographic archives may be problematized as disciplinary heritage however, the discussion in Portugal is still timid. In this article, which will map the reflections and main efforts already made, we hope to contribute to approximate the discussion between the relevance of archiving – safeguarding primary data – and the responsibility towards future generations. portuguesEste artigo visa contribuir para o debate antropologico internacional sobre arquivos etnograficos e a sua preservacao. Defendemos que os contributos da Antropologia sao centrais ao debate transdisciplinar que se foca na preservacao dos dados; na segunda vida dos registos etnograficos; na construcao de novo conhecimento decorrente dos arquivos; e na transferencia de conhecimento para as populacoes estudadas, dominios que sao comuns a antropologia e a linguistica. Durante o trabalho de campo, antropologos e outros etnografos constroem os seus documentos atraves da experiencia e da construcao de relacoes intersubjetividade, e guardam-nos no dominio privado. Os arquivos etnograficos podem ser reflectidos como patrimonio disciplinar, mas a discussao em Portugal e ainda timida. Neste artigo, que fara um mapeamento das reflexoes e principais esforcos ja realizados, esperamos contribuir para aproximar a discussao entre a importância de arquivar - salvaguardar dados primarios - e a responsabilidade face as geracoes futuras.

espanolLa presencia de una lengua minorizada en el ambito digital es esencial para proyectos de revitalizacion y mantenimiento linguistico (Soria 2016). Entre otros, se ha postulado que la presencia digital de una lengua la asocia a la modernidad, eleva el prestigio de la lengua, anima a los hablantes a usarla y aumenta el conocimiento de la diversidad linguistica. Las redes sociales, en concreto, constituyen un cambio radical en la construccion de espacios de comunicacion, abriendo la posibilidad de que hablantes de lenguas minorizadas creen espacios sin depender de mediacion o financiacion gubernamental (Belmar & Glass 2019). En este articulo exploraremos las posibilidades de las comunidades virtuales como refugios de uso para lenguas minorizadas tomando como ejemplo el grupo de Facebook para hablantes de aragones Aragones: charrar ragonar parlar fablar tafalar chilar mormostiar recontar. Para ello analizaremos 72 publicaciones compartidas entre marzo y junio de 2019, las lenguas que se usan y los temas de los que se habla. EnglishThe presence of a minoritized language online is essential for revitalization and language maintenance projects (Soria 2016). Among others, it has been suggested that digital presence of a language associates it with modernity, boosts the prestige of the language, encourages speakers to use it and raises awareness of linguistic diversity. Social Media, in particular, constitutes a radical change in the construction of communicative spaces, opening the possibility for speakers of minoritized languages to create their own spaces without depending on government mediation or funding (Belmar & Glass 2019). In this article, the possibilities of virtual communities as breathing spaces for Minoritized languages will be analyzed, taking as an example the Facebook group for speakers of Aragonese Aragones: charrar ragonar parlar fablar tafalar chilar mormostiar recontar. We will analyze 72 posts shared between March and June 2019, the languages used and the topics discussed.

espanolThis paper offers a brief historical and political context serving as a framework for a reflection on a possible threat for the Catalan language in the largest island of the Balearic Islands. The Community of the same name has been considered a bilingual community since 1983, i.e. year when Catalan was proclaimed a coofficial language along with Spanish. In those of the Spanish Communities whose statutes of autonomy determine the co-officiality of another language, laws defining their linguistic policy regarding the use of the two languages in public administration, in teaching and in the media have been enacted. Despite the same character of the laws, the results of their application differ significantly and also have various reasons. In this respect, the main objective of this work is to show the complexity of the current linguistic reality as well as to identify the reasons the political debates revolve around at present, such as the realization of the linguistic policy, the unity of the Catalan language and the denomination of the local variety of Catalan. To complete the panorama of the last aspect, the results two chosen questions of a sociolinguistic investigation carried out by the paper’s author are presented below. espanolUn breve contexto historico y politico presentados en el siguiente escrito serviran de marco para una reflexion acerca de una posible amenaza del catalan en la mayor de las Islas Baleares. La Comunidad del mismo nombre, comenzo a considerarse una comunidad bilingue a partir de 1983, cuando el catalan fue proclamado lengua cooficial junto con el castellano. En todas las comunidades espanolas, que en sus estatutos de autonomia afirman la cooficialidad de otra lengua, en los cuales se han promulgado leyes que definen su politica linguistica, concretando el uso de las dos lenguas en la administracion publica, en la ensenanza y en los medios de comunicacion, los resultados de su aplicacion son muy distintos y se deben a diferentes motivos. El principal objetivo de este trabajo consiste en mostrar la complejidad de la realidad linguistica existente e identificar los motivos en torno a los cuales, actualmente giran los debates politicos, como son la realizacion de la politica linguistica, la unidad de la lengua catalana y la denominacion de la variedad local del catalan. Para completar el panorama del ultimo motivo, se presentaran a continuacion los resultados de tan solo dos preguntas de una investigacion sociolinguistica llevada a cabo por la misma autora.

Enric Herce’s Estació Boira (2018) is one of the most outstanding examples of Catalan cyberpunk fiction. It constructs a complicated detective noir plot which unfolds in hyperspace, developing a large cyberpunk repertoire that ranges from all kinds of technological devices and lives — cyborgs, androids — to the perverse interests of multinational companies. The story opens with a policeman, Max, who has to investigate the brutal killing of a man in an orbital station. The murder is suspected to have been committed by someone who has not taken the compulsory medication the government uses to neutralize people’s natural aggressiveness. Drugs, along with technology, are considered a biopolitical procedure to keep the population under control in the near future that the novel depicts. The article focuses on two main topics: on the one hand, the biopolitical control of the human population, and on the other, the protagonist’s nostalgia for some wasted opportunities: a home life, a human past, and what historian Enzo Traverso calls “left-wing melancholia.” By this term, Traverso means the utopian world dreamt by the left but never fully achieved, an egalitarian world where multinational corporations do not monitor democratic governments.

Pedrolo, Manuel deTorno on vaig néixerEdició d’Alba Pijuan VallverdúLleida: Pagès, 2020, 336 p.ISBN 978-84-1303-242-9

The sincerity and the honesty as enunciative attitudes involve the personality of the speaker in his statement, they indicate the discursive intensification that, from the social point of view, can be considered as polite or impolite, because it affects the image of each participant. We study the pragmatic values of enunciative adverbs sincerament and francament in the different discursive genres in modern Catalan. This analysis is focused on the intensification and mitigation of (im)politeness in representative speech acts. Both of pragmatic strategies are used as an effective argumentative resource that reinforces the speaker's position. La sinceritat i la franquesa como actituds enunciatives involucren el jo del parlant en el que diu, marquen la intensificació discursiva que des del punt de vista social pot tenir efectes cortesos o descortesos, ja que afecta les imatges personals dels interlocutors. S'estudien els valors pragmàtics dels adverbis d'enunciació sincerament i francament en diferents gèneres discursius del català actual. L'atenció de l'anàlisi se centra en la intensificació i l'atenuació de la (des)cortesia verbal en els actes de parla assertius. Totes dues estratègies pragmàtiques es fan servir sovint com a recursos argumentatius eficaços reforçant la posició del parlant.

La conversa que es desenvolupa a continuació entre Luci Nussbaum i Siham Lech-Hab gira entorn de quins són, encara avui, els desafiaments i les possibilitats de la presència d'escolars d'origen migrant a l'escola de Catalunya, així com quines oportunitats ofereix aquesta realitat tant a les escoles com a la universitat. El diàleg que s'estableix entre ambdues convidades permet projectar una mirada de passat, de present i, sobretot, de futur, per destacar aspectes rellevants que cal considerar, com ara les trajectòries diverses de l'alumnat, la revisió d'algunes pràctiques d'acollida o la necessària col·laboració entre les escoles i la universitat per a la formació de professorat. The conversation that takes place below between Luci Nussbaum and Siham Lech-Hab revolves around what are, even today, the challenges and the possibilities of the presence of children with migrant family backgrounds in the school of Catalonia, as well as what opportunities this reality offers both in schools and in the university. The dialogue established between the two guests allows us to project a look at the past, the present and, above all, the future, to highlight relevant aspects that need to be considered, such as the diverse trajectories of students, the revision of certain reception practices or the necessary collaboration between schools and the university for teacher training. La conversación que se desarrolla a continuación entre Luci Nussbaum y Siham Lech-Hab gira alrededor de cuáles son, todavía hoy en día, los desafíos y las posibilidades de la presencia de escolares de origen migrante en la escuela de Cataluña, así como cuáles son las oportunidades que ofrece esta realidad tanto en las escuelas como en la universidad. El diálogo que se establece entre ambas invitadas permite proyectar una mirada de pasado, de presente y, sobre todo, de futuro, para destacar aspectos relevantes que hay que considerar, como por ejemplo las trayectorías diversas del alumnado, la revisión de algunas prácticas de acogida o la necesaria colaboración entre las escuelas y la universidad para la formación de profesorado. La conversation suivante entre Luci Nussbaum et Siham Lech-Hab tourne autour des défis et des possibilités de la présence d'élèves d'origine immigrée dans les écoles de Catalogne aujourd'hui, ainsi que des opportunités que cette réalité offre à la fois dans les écoles et à l'université. Le dialogue établi entre les deux invités permet de jeter un regard sur le passé, le présent et surtout l'avenir, afin de mettre en évidence les aspects pertinents à prendre en compte, tels que les trajectoires diverses des étudiants, la révision de certaines pratiques d'accueil ou la nécessaire collaboration entre écoles et universités pour la formation des enseignants.

Aquest article presenta la tasca editorial i traductora de Joan Gili i Serra (1907-1998) per mitjà de la llibreria-editorial que ell mateix va fundar i dirigir, The Dolphin Book Co. (Londres 1935 - Oxford 1996). La singularitat de l'empresa rau en el fet que va introduir les literatures hispàniques al públic anglòfon mitjançant traduccions d'originals d'autors, la majoria dels quals eren oprimits pel règim franquista. Sostenim que l'èxit d'aquestes traduccions s'explica per la teoria de l'ecotraducció (Cronin 2017), que estableix el lloc i el context social com a peces clau. This article presents the editorial and translatory work of Joan Gili (1907-1998) through the bookstore and publishing house he founded and directed, The Dolphin Book (London 1935 - Oxford 1996). The uniqueness of the company lies in the fact that it introduced Hispanic literature to the English-speaking audience through translations of original works by writers, the majority of whom were oppressed by the Franco regime in Spain. We argue that the success of these translations is explained by the theory of eco-translation (Cronin 2017), which establishes both place and social context as key pieces.

En este artículo estudiaremos los dos poemas en arte mayor castellano que se transmiten en Les trobes en lahors de la Verge Maria: «Del gran Redemptor» ([ID 4650] de Francí de Castellví y «Al tempo que Febo» ([ID4652] de Pere de Civillar. Analizaremos sus características métricas y estróficas para luego desarrollar las diversas problemáticas ecdóticas que encierran. Nos detendremos, asimismo, en un estudio de sus interferencias lingüísticas, cuya identificación no solo es fundamental para realizar una edición crítica respetuosa del diasistema del texto, sino que nos permitirá también avanzar hipótesis sobre los diferentes procesos lingüísticos, compositivos y mecánicos que entran en juego durante los procesos de composición poética y de impresión, así como sobre la procedencia de los agentes involucrados. Ofreceremos, finalmente una nueva edición crítica de ambos poemas. In this paper we study the two Castilian arte mayor poems that are transmitted in Les trobes en lahors de la Verge Maria: Francí de Castellví’s «Del gran Redemptor» ([ID 4650] and Pere de Civillar’s «Al tempo que Febo» ([ID4652]. In the first part of the paper, we describe the prosody of these poems (stanza and meter), which will offer a proper framework for text editing. In the second part, we consider linguistic interference. Identifying Catalan and Aragonese influences will allow us not only to approach a critical edition in a way that respects the text’s diasystem, but also to reflect on the linguistic, compositional and mechanical processes that take part during the poetic composition and the printing process. Finally, we hereby publish a new critical edition of both poems.

Charles BaudelaireLes flors del mal (traducció i edició de Pere Rovira)Barcelona: Proa «A tot vent», 2021, 566 p.ISBN 978-84-7588-867-5 Charles BaudelairePetits poemes en prosa (traducció de Joaquim Sala-Sanahuja)Martorell: Adesiara, 2021, 270 p.ISBN 978-84-16948-65-9

En aquest article es du a terme una anàlisi qualitativa i quantitativa dels principals problemes de traducció presents en la sèrie d’animació The Adventures of Puss in Boots (DreamWorks 2011-2018, EUA) i la seua versió traduïda per al doblatge al valencià per al canal de televisió À Punt Mèdia. A partir d’una metodologia d’anàlisi contrastiva i descriptiva, aquest estudi se centra en les tècniques i estratègies de traducció emprades en text meta per a resoldre aquests problemes. This article offers a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the main translation problems present in the animated series The Adventures of Puss in Boots (DreamWorks 2011-2018, USA) and its dubbed version in Valencian for the TV channel À Punt Mèdia. From a contrastive and descriptive perspective, this study focuses on the translation techniques and strategies used the target text to solve these problems.

El creixent volum de continguts audiovisuals i la necessitat de fer-los accessibles a una audiència cada vegada més global, juntament amb el marc legislatiu europeu en matèria d'accessibilitat, han generat l'augment de la demanda de continguts accessibles. En aquest sentit, la traducció automàtica és una de les tecnologies que s'integra cada vegada més en l'àmbit de la traducció audiovisual (TAV): "Audio-visual content is thus becoming just the latest in a long line of commercial products whose markets can be expanded through machine translation" (Kenny 2022:33). Tot i els beneficis i oportunitats que indubtablement ofereix aquesta tecnologia en la TAV, es plantegen dubtes, problemàtiques i reptes al seu voltant com ara la qualitat de les traduccions i les qüestions ètiques a tenir en compte respecte a l'opacitat en l'ús, propietat, permís i distribució de les dades (Moorkens 2019). El següent article pretén presentar una retrospectiva de l'ús de les tecnologies en les diverses modalitats de la TAV i l'accessibilitat als mitjans, posant èmfasi en l'ús de la traducció automàtica i en els aspectes relacionats amb la interacció persona-ordinador. The growing volume of audiovisual materials and the need to make them accessible to an increasingly global audience, together with the European legislative framework on accessibility, have generated an increased demand for accessible content. In this context, machine translation is one of the technologies that is being integrated more and more into the field of audiovisual translation (AVT): "Audio-visual content is thus becoming just the latest in a long line of commercial products whose markets can be expanded through machine translation" (Kenny 2022:33). Despite the benefits and opportunities this technology undoubtedly offers in AVT, doubts, problems and challenges have arisen around it, such as translation quality, and ethical issues to be taken into account regarding transparency of use, ownership, permission and distribution of data (Moorkens 2019). The following article sets out to present a retrospective of the use of technologies in the various AVT modalities and media accessibility, emphasising the use of machine translation and aspects related to human-computer interaction. El creciente volumen de contenidos audiovisuales y la necesidad de hacerlos accesibles a una audiencia cada vez más global, junto con el marco legislativo europeo en materia de accesibilidad, han generado el aumento de la demanda de contenidos accesibles. En este sentido, la traducción automática es una de las tecnologías que se integra cada vez más en el ámbito de la traducción audiovisual (TAV): "Audio-visual content is thus becoming just the latest in a long line of commercial products whose markets can be expanded through machine translation" (Kenny 2022:33). A pesar de los beneficios y oportunidades que indudablemente ofrece esta tecnología en la TAV, se plantean dudas, problemáticas y retos a su alrededor como por ejemplo la calidad de las traducciones y las cuestiones éticas que deben tenerse en cuenta con relación a la opacidad en el uso, propiedad, permiso y distribución de los datos (Moorkens 2019). El siguiente artículo pretende presentar una retrospectiva del uso de las tecnologías en las distintas modalidades de la TAV y la accessibilidad a los medios, poniendo énfasis en el uso de la traducción automática y en los aspectos relacionados con la interacción persona-ordenador.

Il cosiddetto Cansonero del conte di Popoli, custodito presso la Bibliothèque Nationale de France (ms. Ital. 1035), rappresenta la principale testimonianza della denominata «lirica di koinè», un filone poetico tradizionalmente definito prendendo come base i temi e i modi popolareggianti di una parte significativa dei suoi frutti poetici e che emerse nella Napoli aragonese attorno al decennio del 1460. Nonostante l’importanza che riveste questa silloge e sebbene il Cansonero conti su diverse edizioni (complete e parziali), certe domande fondamentali sulla raccolta rimangono senza risposta. Tra le principali lacune da colmare, spiccano quelle che riguardano le frontiere tra i diversi componimenti raccolti nel manoscritto e la permeabilità di esso a temi e strofe provenienti dalla lirica colta di stampo petrarchista, che dal secondo terzo del XV secolo irruppe nel panorama poetico partenopeo. In vista di questi due aspetti, in questo studio proponiamo l’analisi di quello che le edizioni del Cansonero hanno finora presentato come l’unico hapax metrico della silloge: un caso particolare di sonetto raddoppiato dall’incipit «Amor, che nei beli ochi di custei» (f. 40r). Questo componimento verrà analizzato dal punto di vista strofico, tematico ed ecdotico per cercar di spiegare la sua vera natura. The Count of Popoli’s Cansonero, kept at the Bibliothèque Nationale de France (ms. Ital. 1035), constitutes the primary example of «koine poetry», a Neapolitan poetic tradition from the 1460s, traditionally defined alluding to the popular themes and modes of a significant part of its compositions and which emerged in the Neapolitan Kingdom. Despite the importance of this work and the fact that the Cansonero has been edited several times (as both complete and partial editions), some fundamental questions about this anthology remain unanswered. Some of the main gaps in scholarship that need to be addressed concern the borders between the different compositions collected in the manuscript and their permeability to themes and meters coming from Petrarchan poetry, which flourished in the Aragonese court of Naples from the mid-15th century. Considering these two aspects, in this study I aim to analyse what the editions of the Cansonero have so far presented as the only metrical hapax of the sylloge: a particular case of double sonnet whose first line is «Amor, che nei beli ochi di custei» (f. 40r). This poem will be studied from a metrical, thematic and philological point of view in order to try to better classify and understand it.

Matamala, AnnaAccessibilitat i traducció audiovisualVic: Eumo, 2019, 275 p.ISBN 978-84-9766-678-9

The article analyses the linguistic attitudes of future Valencian teachers in a bilingual speaking community characterised by mainstream contact between the Catalan and Spanish languages. This research focuses on the language attitudes of a group of speakers who share a specific set of traits: age, education, profession and socioeconomic status. Special attention is given to attitudes towards four linguistic varieties used by Valencian speakers in their regular interactions: standard Spanish (CS), colloquial Spanish – nonstandard – (CNS), standard Valencian (VS) and vernacular Valencian or apitxat (VNS).

The aim of this paper is to present the Spanish proverbs related to the topic of greed that can be understood as a continuation of Publilius Syrus’ sentences. For the analysis are taken into account the contributions of two Hellenistic philosophical schools (Stoicism and Epicureanism), which illuminate the scope of the criticism of greed that occurs in these proverbs, both from a psychological as a social point of view. Latin sentences and Spanish proverbs are compared according to their formal or semantic continuity, as well as depending on other aspects (such as the tone or prosodic issues)

Coordination has been described far more rigidly than its actual usage shows. This paper describes cases of coordination structures in Spanish that break with some commonly held ideas and show that the search for communicative efficiency in languages rises above rigid formal rules.

The conjunction como si select usually in the subordinated adverbial clauses (modal, conditional and comparative) the tenses of the subjunctive mood cantara / cantase and hubiera / hubiese cantado. However in some papers is mentioned the possibility of the construction of como si with the tenses of indicative mood. This paper contains the analysis of the modal selection after como si and, particularly, the possible substitution of subjunctive by the indicative tenses. The analyses is realized on the ground of the corpus of Real Academia Española (CORPES XXI, CREA, CREA. Versión anotada).

Review of: Bechis, M. (2021). La solitudine del sovversivo. Milano: Ugo Guanda Editore, 348 pp.

Guillermo Orozco es un reconocido académico mexicano, Doctor en Educación por la Universidad de Harvard, miembro emérito del Sistema Nacional de Investigaciones y coordinador de la Cátedra de Alfabetización Mediática Informacional y Diálogo Intercultural (Universidad de Guadalajara y UNESCO-UNAOC (United Nations Alliance of Civilizations). Ha desarrollado estudios de recepción y alfabetización audiovisual, enfocándose en la producción, mediación y las estrategias pedagógicas de intervención con los medios, especialmente la televisión. Sus aportaciones son una referencia para los profesionales de la comunicación y educación en América Latina. Es autor y coautor de numerosos libros, entre los que destacan: Televisión y producción de significados (1994), Audiencias, Televisión y Educación (2001), Recepción y mediaciones (2002), La televisión de proximidad en el entorno transmedia (2017), etc. Guillermo Orozco és un reconegut acadèmic mexicà, Doctor en Educació per la Universitat de Harvard, membre emèrit de el Sistema Nacional d'Investigacions i coordinador de la Càtedra d'Alfabetització Mediàtica informacional i Diàleg Intercultural (Universitat de Guadalajara i UNESCO-UNAOC, United Nations Alliance of Civilizations). Ha desenvolupat estudis de recepció i alfabetització audiovisual, enfocant-se en la producció, mediació i les estratègies pedagògiques d'intervenció amb els mitjans, especialment la televisió. Les seves aportacions són una referència per als professionals de la comunicació i educació a Amèrica Llatina. És autor i coautor de nombrosos llibres, entre els quals destaquen: Televisió i producció de significats (1994), Audiències, televisió i Educació (2001), Recepció i mediacions (2002), La televisió de proximitat en l'entorn transmèdia (2017), etc. Guillermo Orozco is a renowned Mexican academic, Doctor of Education (Harvard University), emeritus member of the National Research System and coordinator of the Chair of Informational Media Literacy and Intercultural Dialogue (University of Guadalajara and UNESCO-UNAOC (United Nations Alliance of Civilizations He has developed audio-visual reception and literacy studies, focusing on production, mediation and pedagogical intervention strategies with the media, especially television. His contributions are a reference for communication and education professionals in Latin America. He has authored and co-authored a number of books, among which: Television and production of meanings (1994), Audiences, Television and Education (2001), Reception and mediations (2002), Proximity television in the transmedia environment (2017), etc. Guillermo Orozco est un réputé universitaire mexicain, docteur en éducation de l'Université Harvard, membre émérite du Système national de recherche et coordinateur de la Chaire d'alphabétisation médiatique et de dialogue interculturel (Université de Guadalajara et UNESCO-UNAOC (Alliance des civilisations des Nations Unies). Il a développé des études de réception audiovisuelle et d'alphabétisation, axées sur les stratégies de production, de médiation et d'intervention pédagogique avec les médias, en particulier la télévision. Ses contributions sont une référence pour les professionnels de la communication et de l'éducation en Amérique Latine. Il est auteur et co-auteur de nombreux livres, parmi lesquels : Télévision et production de sens (1994), Publics, Télévision et Éducation (2001), Accueil et médiations (2002), Télévision de proximité en milieu transmédia (2017), etc.

Review of: Uberti-Bona, M. (2019). Geografías del diálogo. La traducción en la obra de Carmen Martín Gaite. Milán: Ledizioni, 227 pp.

En el nuevo contexto social determinado por el desarrollo contante de las TIC, los ciudadanos ejercen su rol activo mediante dispositivos tecnológicos, y la alfabetización mediática se presenta como un agente de cambio en favor de una sociedad más crítica, democrática y participativa. En esta edición especial se presentan seis contribuciones que aportan al debate sobre los retos de la alfabetización mediática en el siglo XXI mediante el estudio de fenómenos y aspectos en los cuales el uso de las TIC y los medios digitales convergen con la necesidad de ofrecer propuestas educativas que respondan a las exigencias formativas de la ciudadanía. Los autores otorgan miradas profundas sobre cuestiones como el acceso a la educación y la tecnología, la interacción lúdica en la educación, la motivación de los educandos en su participación, y la materialización de estas reflexiones en propuestas educativas de cuarto nivel. En el nou context social determinat pel desenvolupament constant de les TIC, els ciutadans exerceixen el seu paper actiu mitjançant dispositius tecnològics, i l'alfabetització mediàtica es presenta com un agent de canvi en favor d'una societat més crítica, democràtica i participativa. En aquesta edició especial es presenten sis contribucions que aporten al debat sobre els reptes de l'alfabetització mediàtica al segle XXI. Estudien fenòmens i aspectes en els quals l'ús de les TIC i els mitjans digitals convergeixen amb la necessitat d'oferir propostes educatives que responguin a les exigències formatives de la ciutadania. Els autors aporten diverses mirades sobre qüestions com l'accés a l'educació i la tecnologia, la interacció lúdica en l'educació, la motivació dels educands en la seva participació, i la materialització d'aquestes reflexions en propostes educatives de quart nivell.En el nou context social determinat pel desenvolupament constant de les TIC, els ciutadans exerceixen el seu paper actiu mitjançant dispositius tecnològics, i l'alfabetització mediàtica es presenta com un agent de canvi en favor d'una societat més crítica, democràtica i participativa. En aquesta edició especial es presenten sis contribucions que aporten al debat sobre els reptes de l'alfabetització mediàtica al segle XXI. Estudien fenòmens i aspectes en els quals l'ús de les TIC i els mitjans digitals convergeixen amb la necessitat d'oferir propostes educatives que responguin a les exigències formatives de la ciutadania. Els autors aporten diverses mirades sobre qüestions com l'accés a l'educació i la tecnologia, la interacció lúdica en l'educació, la motivació dels educands en la seva participació, i la materialització d'aquestes reflexions en propostes educatives de quart nivell. In the new social context determined by the constant development of ICT, citizens exercise their active role through technological devices, and media literacy is presented as an agent of change in favour of a more critical, democratic and participatory society. In this special edition, six papers are presented to contribute to the discussion on the challenges of media literacy in the 21st century through the study of phenomena and aspects in which the use of ICT and digital media converge with the need to offer educational proposals that respond to the citizen's formative demands. The authors give deep insights into issues such as access to education and technology, playful interaction in education, learners' motivation in their participation, and the materialisation of these reflections into fourth level educational proposals. Dans le nouveau contexte social déterminé par le développement constant des TIC, les citoyens exercent leur rôle actif à travers des dispositifs technologiques, et l'éducation aux médias est présentée comme un agent de changement en faveur d'une société plus critique, démocratique et participative. Cette édition spéciale présente six contributions qui contribuent au débat sur les défis de l'éducation aux médias au XXIe siècle à travers l'étude des phénomènes et des aspects dans lesquels l'utilisation des TIC et des médias numériques converge avec la nécessité de proposer des propositions éducatives qui répondent aux besoins de formation des citoyens. Les auteurs apportent un éclairage approfondi sur des questions telles que l'accès à l'éducation et à la technologie, l'interaction ludique dans l'éducation, la motivation des étudiants dans leur participation et la matérialisation de ces réflexions dans des propositions éducatives de quatrième niveau.

Review of: Marías, J. (2021). Tomás Nevinson. Madrid: Alfaguara; Penguin Random House, 680 pp.