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Some recommendations on English transliterations of Bulgarian geographic names were given which can be usable in preparing scientific papers. Examples of the following types of names were presented: I. names well known in English; II. transliterated Bulgarian names: complex names, names of mountains and mountains consisted only by a single massif. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxalic acid (OA) with a prolonged healing effect on Varroa destructor, introduced through cellulose strips into the interframe, is a new opportunity to control the disease varroasis in bees, including the periods when a brood is kept in the beehive. Impregnated paper-cellulose strips with a thickness of 2.3 and 1.5 mm, with a solution of glycerol and oxalic acid in a ratio of 1 : 0.6 and tested in LangstrothRuth (LR) hives in different dosages according to the study methodology were tested in August and September. The initial infestation of the bees in the experimental families was controlled – before the application of the strips and the final one – when there was no brood in the beehives, at the end of October. The degree of infestation was compared with that in a control group composed of untreated families. The results showed that the strips with a thickness of 2.3 mm and placed in additional dosage in other hives of the hive outside those with a brood, reduce the infestation of bees with a high degree of reliability, in the range between 0.099–0.58%. The main amount of mites is disposed of in the first ten days after placing the treatment strips in the hives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first aim of this paper is to present the doctrine of forms and colours in painting, formulated by Fichte in the posthumous writing Practical Philosophy. The second one is to draw a parallel between this doctrine and Kant's theory of beauty developed in the Critique of the Judgement. On the one hand the paper will show that the similarities quite sticking, on the other hand it will reveal the peculiarity and originality of Fichte's doctrine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uncovers a slightly different picture of the struggle for an independent Bulgarian Church and deals with the texts of two of its participants: the memoir and diary of Nikola Sapunov (1815–1861) and the correspondence of and some other texts by Ivan Naydenov (1834–1910). Apart from patriotism, martyrdom and political plans, which are also often problematized, there are also personal partialities, hostilities, ambitions, and financial motives. For many activists, the authority of the Ottoman Sultan (who was also a Caliph, the religious leader of all Muslims) and keeping his firman in force were very important. The confessional mobility within Christianity characterized the life of Sapunov and some other activists generated tensions and polemics, but not clashes on a great scale. The relations with foreign factors, primarily Russia, were also important. They were complicated and included not only different forms of interferences, but also deliberate demands for such an intervention and efforts to provoke it and follow foreign models, mostly the Greek one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper raises the question of the Bulgarian notion of Reformation both as a particular historical event and its local reinterpretations and adaptations. The focus is on the history of the concepts of "Reformation" and "Protestant propaganda" in Bulgarian culture as well as on the cultural influences of the protestant thought in nineteenth-century Bulgaria. Particular interest is given to the Bulgarian scientific discourse, especially the Marxist one, as a dominant in the Bulgarian historiography. The papers studies in depth the case of Todor Ikonomov (1835-1892), a Bulgarian enlightener involved in religious and Church matters during the National Revival, perceived as an example of meaningful hybridization of ideas of Protestant and Enlightenment origins. The main question is about the relation between secular and religious power, and thus between religion and nation, as a sign of the Modern thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper is dedicated to the symbols of musical culture in semiotic and cultural discourse, as reflected by the category “cultural artefacts” (musical instruments) in the Bible. At the same time, it is as an attempt to demonstrate the literary critical and musicological potential of the problem. The category “musical instruments” in biblical texts has been discussed in a historical perspective. Another issue analysed in the paper are the rhythmic and metric structures of Byzantine and Bulgarian hymnography. Both these questions are viewed from the perspective of musical and poetical homology in Bulgarian symbolist poetry, specifically in the lyric poetry of Nikolay Liliev, and of the connections of Orthodox hymnography with broadly understood musicality of poetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to assess the economic efficiency of sheep flock of Bulgarian synthetic population for milk, grown in the Experimental base - State enterprise to the Agricultural institute - Shumen for the period 2012 - 2014. Object of our research are three flocks of ewes and the relevant categories of rams, ewe lambs and ram lambs, raised in the sheep farm of the EB - State enterprise to the Agricultural institute - Shumen. Animals are kept in stall-pasture in semiintensive regimens. The flock is under control of the basic productive traits. The feed for the animals is from own production and the prices are at cost. The number of permanent employees is six and one person is temporary engaged. Costs and revenues are evaluated at prices prevailing at the time. Profit and rate of profitability (%) are calculated in this paper. Costs, revenues and profit with and without subsidies are given per ewe. Data used for the analysis is provided by the accounting department of EB - SE to the Agricultural institute - Shumen. As a result of the present study, we make the following conclusions: 1. Labour costs have the biggest share in the cost structure during the analyzed period - 42% - 46%, followed by the feed costs - about 40%. 2. The revenues received from the sale of animals are 55% - 61% and from milk - 36% - 42% of the total. 3. Profitability rate is a negative value during the whole period of research and it is the lowest in 2014 (-1.98%) including subsidies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a model for the interpretation of direct and indirect speech acts using pragmatic theories. The aim of this presentation is to show the functioning and mutual combinations of direct and, especially, indirect speech acts in conversational situations of dramatic discourse in Macedonian, and also to show the motivation for certain kinds of their realizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses the most frequent group of syntactic structures of the type 'verb + мu ce', namely impersonal structures that express a need or desire. The author offers a formal and semantic classification and semantic analysis, and identifies the lexical and grammatical constraints regarding the verbs which can be used in these structures. The analyzed material might be of use in the search for relations between the semantic specificity of the studied structures and the linguistic consciousness of modern Bulgarians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well known Schelling's critique of Fichte's doctrine of science, to wit, that it would have annihilated every concept of a living nature, reducing it to a mere obstacle to be overcome for the realization of moral ends of reason. However, is Schelling right? This paper aims to refute Schelling's critique, showing not only how the doctrine of science does not suffer from this deficiency, but also that instead it deducts from the structure of the reason the domains of knowledge, including, of course, the domain of nature. This deduction of the domains of knowledge, nature and spirit, will be made through the analysis of the passage-structure from Absolut to the factual knowledge, that is, the I's reflection on himself, especially through the consideration of its Kantian elements: the practical spontaneity and its eminently reflective character, something that was not realized by Schelling and his followers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the intellectual responsibilities of authors and coauthors in the analysis of research papers submitted to biomedical journals. Importance of communication and selective dissemination of relevant information in medical practice; Applied ways for the estimation of scientific papers; Concerns toward false authorship.

This paper is focused on the difficulties that Bulgarian reception of the Bible encountered in nineteenth century – the lack of older canonical translations and the opposition of the Ecumenical Patriarchate against new translations, which were associated with Protestantism. Some instances that illustrate the ideas of the Bulgarians from that period are presented. One of them is from Two Brothers (Dvama bratya; 1888–1889) by Iliya Blaskov – a semi-documental novel dealing with the fates of the author’s family. The author concludes that the image of the Holy Scripture that even pious teachers had at that time was vague and closer to folk-lore than to modern biblical notions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presented here aims at comparing the theological terms as used, on the one hand, in the biblical quotations in John the Exarch’s translation of De fide orthodoxa and, on the other, in the Old Bulgarian (Grigirovich Prophetologion, Codex Marianus, Codex Zographiensis, Sinai Psalter, Enina Apostolos) as well as in some Middle Bulgarian (Bologna Psalter, Karpinski Apostolos, Ohridski Apostolos) Old Russian (Mstislav Gospels, Yurievski Gospels, Pogodinov Psalter, Chudov Psalter, Tolstoev Apostolos, Hristinopol Apostolos) and Old Serbian (Shishatovatski Apostolos, Matich Apostolos) monuments. Also taken in consideration are the respective parts in certain theological writings associated with the Preslav Literary Centre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents cases of abnormal morphology of the pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) testis. Three of the investigated 7 males caught in the dam-lake Topolnitsa showed different morphological gonadal alterations. Possible reason for the morphological abnormalities of the male gonads in the pikeperch could be the pollution of this particularе freshwater ecosystem with different industrial wastes such as heavy metals and pesticides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the limitations of syntactic research conducted within a single theoretical framework. The basic claim is that theories have both distinctive and common features, which can be taken into consideration and some interesting results and ideas can be encoded in terms of the original theory. The discussion of the theory interactions is focused around a particular linguistic issue - the head element of the simple verb phrase. Three basic syntactic models are analyzed in regard to their treatment of the head element in the verb phrase: Phrase Structure Grammar, Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, Systemic Functional Grammar. The analysis shows some variations within the frameworks and similarities across them. In general, it is an attempt to point out that the modern linguist can build bridges between theoretical frameworks if the postulates of the original framework are not violated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The idea about intracellular transport of metabolic products is presented considering two constituents. The first was described in general in the previous publication. It justified the thesis that cell metabolism is localized and realized not on the fixed structures but on the vigorously and steadily moving («prowling») microvesicles. In the current paper we have shown that an addition of tetrazolium (MTT) to mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) leads to the cumulation of formazan on the surface of actively moving vesicles. This process was time-tracked and shown in dynamics. As formazan is a metabolite product, its formation on the vesicles is an experimental confirmation of the metabolic processes on these moving structures. The second constituent is presented as a hypothesis that is based on the literature data on the intracellular electrical potentials and the calculations of their possible involvement in precision transport of metabolic products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There were a total of 12 localities of fossil Alpine Ibex (Capra ibex) in Bulgaria till now, all of Late Pleistocene. Most of them were from the West part of Stara Planina Mountain. The paper reports the easternmost cave locality of this species from the Pchena Cave (Tvardishki Balkan area, Stara Planina Mnt.), near the town of Tvarditsa. The find represents a cranial fragment, bearing the horn shafts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights the progress and changes made to the journal "Vojnosanitetski pregled" (VSP) in 2005. Number of domestic and international research papers received by the VSP editorial board in 2005; Types of articles that were published for the year; Description of the technical make-up of several of the front covers of the journal.