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This paper presents influence of the enactment of several acts to judicial system in England. These acts have shaped the judicial system and each one has contributed to what we now call the modern judicial system of the United Kingdom. The first act dealt with in this paper was the Act of Settlement from 1701, which brought greater independence to the courts. After that, the paper treats the Judicature Act of 1873 and its amendments of 1875. These acts abolished existing Common law courts and new courts that were formed. The third act is the Courts Act from 1971, which established the Crown Court. The Crown Court had jurisdiction over most criminal cases. The last act mentioned in the paper is Constitutional Reform Act from 2005. This act abolished the appellate instance of the House of Lords and established the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. The process of continuous development of the court has been completed with the adoption of this act. Using the historical method, these acts and their influence on the development of the judicial system in England throughout history are presented in this paper. Certain articles of these acts have been translated and they are part of this paper as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work was created as a sublimation and a cross-section of the basic institutes of English criminal law. The first thing that needs to be defined is what is a crime or criminal offense in English law. In English law, unlike continental law, little influence on law came from the reception of Roman law and the works of legal theorists, and more arose from the activity of the courts. This does not mean that the philosophical approach is not at the core of criminal law. Common law consists of rules established on the basis of decisions of judges called precedents and applied before courts lower than those before which they are established. Legislation consists of the statutes or acts of Parliament and delegated legislation to another body by Parliament. This legislation is made up of statutes that are subject to the interpretation of judges and these interpretations are an integral part of the law until Parliament or a higher court itself questions such a judicial interpretation. The paper will discuss the basic institutes of general substantive criminal law. The paper is an analysis of the terms actus reus and mens rea including terms such as negligence, gross negligence, recklessness, intention and criteria for their distinction with respect to case law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]