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Recently, the products of dyes and phenols that effluent into water cause serious environmental complications where they cannot be controlled and sustained in the environment. In this study, a special type of bentonite clay was used to remove two types of reactive dyes (red, green) and 2,4-dichlorophenol from water by adsorption processes, under different operating conditions of pH values between (4-9) contact time (30-180) min, bentonite dose (0.2-1) g/200 ml, initial concentration (5-100) mg/L for reactive dyes, and (5-50) mg/L for 2.4-Dichlorophenol.The adsorption model has been applied to represent fit the experimental data of the adsorption process. The results showed that the Langmuir model was more suitable to represent the removal of reactive dyes (red, green) and the Freundlich model was more suitable to represent the removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol by bentonite clay.

Decolorization of red azo dye (Cibacron Red FN-R) from synthetic wastewater has been investigated as a function of solar advanced oxidation process. The photocatalytic activity using ZnO as a photocatalysis has been estimated. Different parameters affected the removal efficiency, including pH of the solution, initial dye concentration and H2O2 concentration were evaluated to find out the optimum value of these parameters. The results proved that the optimal pH value was 8 and the most efficient H2O2 concentration was 100mg/L. Toxicity reduction percent for effluent solution was also monitored to assess the degradation process. This treatment method was able to strongly reduce the color and toxicity of reactive red dye-238 to about (99 and 80) % respectively. It can be concluded, from these experiments, that the using of ZnO as a photocatalysis was exhibited as economical and efficient treatment method to remove reactive red dye-238 from aqueous solution.