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This research focuses on the Arab proverbs found in the work "ʿĪnāyat al-Qāḍī wa Kifāyat al-Rāḍī" by Shihab al-Din al-Khafaji (d. 1069/1659). The article aims to explain how al-Khafaji utilized proverbs in his commentary texts and to demonstrate his distinctive method in handling proverbs. Indeed, he particularly authored a work titled "Zāt al-emsāl" in this regard and extensi-vely utilized the information contained therein in the commentary of Beyżāwī. Since the purpose of this article is to present and explain al-Hafājī's approach, it would be appropriate to examine the meaning of proverbs in the Arabic language in terms of both the original root, which indicates equivalence and similarity, and the linguistic tradition, which indicates common speech. However, due to al-Khafaji's belief that neither of these two perspectives is suitable for interpre-ting the Quranic verses, he preferred to interpret the term "proverb" metaphorically. Because this is a more appropriate approach to the exegesis of Qur'anic verses. In the process of commentary, he utilizes proverbs to explain, confirm, or choose between different opinions regarding the me-aning of verses. The importance of examining proverbs lies in their ability to reflect a society's culture by succinctly portraying events and life situations. As a matter of fact, the mesel repre-sents Arabic eloquence at the highest level. For this reason, Arabs have shown great interest in proverbs since ancient times and have included them in their poetry and sayings. The Qur'an has also paid special attention to the use of parables in its various suras. For this reason, the article draws attention to the differences between the proverbs mentioned for the first time in the Qur'an, which no one had used before, and the proverbs used by the Arabs. In addition, the study examined the examples of proverbs in al-Hafājī's commentary on the commentary, which is rich in proverbs, and pointed out the conciseness of the expression, the accuracy of the mea-ning, the beauty of the analogy, the presentation of the intention, the concretization of the abst-ract, the emphasis of the logical in a concrete way, the demonstration of the evidence, and the benefits of using proverbs / sayings in matters such as discipline, encouragement, praise and criticism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Adab Al-Kufa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Malaysian government seeks to purify the hadith of the Prophet from weak and fabricated hadiths, and to limit its spread in society, due to its bad impact on the Malay Muslim community, whether in their act of worship or in their beliefs. The Ministry of Home Affairs had lined up a specific committee to verify the hadith of our Prophet Muhammad Peace Be Upom Him. One of the notable tasks is, The policy of organizing writings and publishing hadith texts in Malaysia, and reviewing and evaluating the hadiths of the Prophet. In this paper we study the guidance for writing and spreading hadith texts issued by that committee, and we followed the descriptive and analytical approach, and this study was based on presenting, evaluating and criticizing these guidelines in comparison to the sayings of the renowned scholars in this Great Science, and among the results of the paper is that the committee does its work on significant scientific foundations and discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurisprudence Faculty Journal / Magallaẗ Kulliyyaẗ Al-fiqh is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Arts & Social Sciences (JASS) is the property of Sultan Qaboos University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of IUG Journal of Islamic Studies is the property of Islamic University of Gaza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of IUG Journal of Islamic Studies is the property of Islamic University of Gaza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of IUG Journal of Islamic Studies is the property of Islamic University of Gaza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Adab Al-Kufa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research deals with the study and investigation of the message "In order to yearn for the longing to liberate the perceived in attesting the expenditure claimant" by Abd al-Rahman bin Abd al-Karim bin Ziyad al-Zubaidi al-Shafi'i. It aims to: introduce the scholar Ibn Ziyad (may God have mercy on him), clarify his stature and scientific standing, highlight the message where it has not been achieved before, prove its attribution to Ibn Ziyad (may God have mercy on him), and study his method in it. The researcher studied and investigated the thesis, trying to produce it as it was put forth by its author, adhering to the research procedures known and well-known among the people of art. The scientific value of this thesis dealt with an important issue that people need in their life affairs and taking care of their interests, which is the permission of others to spend, especially in the event of absence to seek livelihood, and the resulting differences and conflicts. To another in spending on his wife and children, then the author was absent, so the authorized person spent a period of time, then the absent person arrived, so he and the authorized person differed in spending, so who is the certified one? The author says that the saying is the saying of the authorized person, and the reasons for its weighting; That the ratification of the authorized person in his claim to spend came out with a special perception; it is hard to testify. The most important recommendations: 1. Examining this jurisprudential issue in a broader way, so as to accommodate all the different schools of jurisprudence. 2. Taking care of the scholarly heritage of Ibn Ziyad, as most of his manuscripts are still locked up on the shelves of heritage treasuries. 3. Shedding light on Ibn Ziyad and his scientific efforts and introducing him as he is It is one of the most prominent flags of Yemen, which did not take its right to definition and fame for granted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research submits fourteen rules inferred from the approach of Al- Ramahormozi (Dead. 360H) in his book: (Proverbs narrated from the Prophet, peace be upon him). These are rules that criticized those who engage in prophetic hadiths or who criticize them, and aimed for correcting their perceptions in their understanding it. The research had three sections; The first: in perception and its relationship to understanding hadith of the Prophet. The second: In introducing Al-Ramahormozi and his book. Third: In reviewing these rules, mentioning examples from his words, and highlighting their relationship to correcting perceptions. The reasons for his criticism were varied, which led us to present these rules; They are diverse in terms of sciences and branches, in terms of narrating proverbs and knowledge, In terms of authentication of the hadiths, in terms of critical reality and mere revenue, and in terms of the length and mediation of criticism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Nabo is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Surra Man Raa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Al-Anbar University for Islamic Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Surra Man Raa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Contemporary Islamic Studiens Magazine is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Larq Journal for Philosophy, Linguistics & Social Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study aimed to shed light on an important mechanism for the construction of the text in the Cordovan Maqama, one of the Andalusian Maqamat in the 6th century AH, that is the mechanism of intertextuality. The study starts with introducing this Maqama and the context of its production besides a summary of its plot, and then the definition and importance of intertextuality are introduced before explaining the main intertextual forms that are found in this Maqama via a statistical process which highlights the role of intertextuality in constructing the Maqama text on both the aesthetic and the thematic aspects. The main forms of intertextuality in the Maqama are the religious intertextuality, especially the Quranic one, and the literary intertextuality, such as poetic and proverbial intertextuality, in addition to references to traditional figures. The research method used was the statistical one in combination with the descriptive and formalist methods. The study ends with several conclusions, the most important of which is that literary intertextuality, particularly poetry, is the most common in the Maqama, while the rest of the forms are present almost equally, and the style of intertextuality in most of them takes the form of direct quotation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Adab Al-Kufa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research aims to define the art of etiquette in public relations on one hand and to clarify the holy verses that talk about etiquette in the Holy Qur'an on the other . The researcher chose the idea or topic to extract ideas and topics related to the art of etiquette, which led to identifying three main categories for content analysis . First represented is the category of sayings, in which we have limited the holy verses that urge and guide the person to the right saying, such as the way of speaking or addressing, the level of sound, and others. The second was represented by the category of actions, which contains each verse that guides us to do a specific action that falls within the concept of etiquette . And the third was the category of behavior, which contains each verse that includes self-discipline and guidance for correct and good behavior. The content analysis method was used to analyze the holy verses and categorize them within the three categories. The interpretation of Ibn Kathir was used to extract the meanings of the verses, to be able to know the dimensions of each verse in them, and to include them in one of the categories. The research included three main sections, the first section was the methodological framework of the research, the second section included the art of etiquette and protocol, and the third section was devoted to the practical research aspect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aims to identify and clarify some of the meanings of the Noble Qur'an through the interpretation of Jami' al-Tibyan, to highlight the sayings of the commentators contained in the interpretation of Surat al-Qamar, to achieve the narratives contained in the interpretation of the surah, and to study them in a manner that facilitates their understanding and knowledge of their meanings. The research methodology required that it include two parts, an introduction and conclusion as well as an index of sources and references. The first section included an introduction to the research, its objectives, reasons for choosing it, hypothetical research questions, a research plan, research and investigation methodology, as well as samples from the two manuscripts (original + b). On the achievement of Surat al-Qamar, according to scientific steps followed by investigators and researchers. In the conclusion, the research deals with the most important results and recommendations, and an index of sources and references. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research is summarized in the works of the rule "textual indefinite in general and its appearance in it,'' which means if (from) is added before the negative indefinite, it transfers the general indication from appearance and presumption, to quotation and interruption. On this basis, it is possible to weigh the statements based on general texts, and this includes the ruling on learning and teaching magic. As a dispute occurred among the jurists of the nation regarding the permissibility of his learning and teaching. Every Ayah contained in its context (from the excess) should be examined, considered, and contemplated in light of its significance. _ Are the Ayah's in this unique formula specific? _ In which section of the Shari'a does it most frequently appear? _ What is its relationship to preponderance when there is a difference in rulings? After the research, it was found that one of its most important meanings, connotations, benefits, and purposes is the quotation in general, and the prevention of its specification. Therefore, it is one of the strongest arguments in the jurisprudential dispute, so it frequently comes in the verses of oneness, and the transcendence of God Almighty is the signifier. It is in the field of doctrinal scientific issues that are more famous, and all of this indicates the importance of the rule, and what comes out with this rule is the preponderance of the prohibition of magic in all its forms, in contrast to those who preferred to learn and teach it. In research, guidance is given to the rule "There is no general but it has been specified'' and to combine the different sayings in a good manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to comprehensively monitor the cases of attachment (the neighbor, the traitor, and the adverb) in the Holy Qur'an, exclude the unproblematic attachments as an abbreviation of the research material, present the abstaining attachments as a sign in the views of the commentators by analyzing them grammatically and semantically, and to determine the grammatical attachments of the neighbor and the drawer that are authenticated by the sayings of the grammarians, abstaining semantically while providing valid alternatives. This research is based on a comprehensive monitoring of the cases of attachment of the two types of semi-sentence (the neighbor, the traitor and the adverb) in the Noble Qur'an, and then excludes the unresolved attachments as a shortcut to the subject of the research. The accusative and the adverb which are authenticated by the sayings of grammarians by refraining from semantics, while providing valid alternatives for them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Al-Sameen Al-Halabi (may God have mercy on him) is considered one of the scholars who were interested in language, grammar, morphology, and interpretation. His book "Umdat al-Hafiz to the Interpretation of Ashraf Words,'' a linguistic dictionary of the words of the Noble Qur'an, is the only evidence of his interest in grammar, language, and interpretation. The author arranged the words mentioned in the Qur'an according to the letters of the lexicon based on the origins of the word without its appendices. Then he mentions in each of its articles a linguistic analysis accompanied by a verse from the Qur'an, then with hadith, poetry, and sometimes with one of the proverbs. He was often found citing the sayings of the imams and the language to support the (linguistic) idea that he is discussing. He made strange hadiths in it as well and mentioned linguistic evidence, which is close to two thousand, with some grammatical and rhetorical benefits. Book with scientific indexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Praise be to God first and last, and prayers and peace be upon our Prophet Muhammad, the illiterate prophet, his family and companions, and those who followed him in goodness, and after. The Noble Qur'an has come as a way and a solid holdout for our salvation, and a savior for us from our slumber. God Almighty has set an example in it of everything. To be a lesson and an immortal lesson in people's minds, with this conviction and in line with the Third International Periodic Conference for Human Sciences, which is tagged "The Holy Qur'an is an Approach to Building Nations'' and was held by the University of Fallujah, thankfully, we submitted participation in our research tagged "Quranic Proverbs and Sharia Provisions Related to them''. We looked at it with Qur'anic proverbs, reading, meditating, and researching, and we found that some of them are related to the legal rulings detailed in the books on jurisprudence and the rulings of the Qur'an and their conclusion. As for the introduction, it contains the importance of the topic, the reasons for choosing it, and its desired goals. The second requirement in the legal rulings is related to Quranic proverbs. Then the conclusion mentioned the most important results that we reached and the important recommendations related to the study. We ask God for success and reward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imam Muhammad bin Abd al-Rahim (may God have mercy on him) lived at the end of the second century and the middle of the third century AH, characterized by the maturity and prosperity of the scientific movement. Therefore, competition in seeking knowledge and traveling for it was a visible matter, and classification, teaching, and travel were some of the prominent features of the people of that era. He was a student of the best scholars of his time, the most distinguished of whom was Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal (may God have mercy on him), and he took great care of his company. He, may God have mercy on him, was praised by scholars and eminent imams. He has narrations in the books of the Prophetic Sunnah, such as the Sahih of Imam Al-Bukhari, the Sunan of Imam Abi Dawood, the Jami' of Imam Al-Tirmidhi, the Musnad of Imam Ahmad, and the Sunan of Imam Al-Nasa'i Minor and Great, the Sahih of Imam Ibn Khuzaimah, the Sahih of Imam Ibn Hibban, and Al Mustadrak on the two Sahihs by Imam Al-Hakim, as well as in Al-Muntaqa by Ibn Al-Jarud, Sunan al-Bayhaqi al-Kubra, Sunan al-Daraqutni, Musnad al-Bazzar, the three dictionaries of al-Tabarani, and much more. Imam Muhammad bin Abd al-Rahim (Sa'iqa) was considered one of the imams of al-Jarh and al-Ta'deel who relied on their sayings, through his knowledge of the narrators' names and their kinships, his control over them, his attention to the narrators' headphones, his proof of that, and his approval of the audience of critics in documenting or weakening the narrators and his knowledge of them. Through a review of his students, we found that many of them had a leading position in the sciences of Islamic law, as they learned a lot from the sciences of their Sheikh. The follower of the sciences of Imam Muhammad bin Abd al-Rahim (Thunderbolt) will find that his critical statements about narrators, archeology, and his sciences drew a clear approach for students of knowledge who came after him, and left a great scientific impact on their upbringing and their emergence in various sciences, especially the science of hadith, narration, and knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of proverbs, which is one of the arts of prose sayings, is an important study as it reveals the linguistic level at which the people of the language speak. Because the proverbs were spoken by the general public and their own, to express what they want, also because the proverb is the skill of Arabs in the pre-Islamic era and Islam, they depicted people's lives and their conditions. The Arabs summarized its word, saturated its meaning, and shortened its phrases, so its meaning became widespread. One of the most important motives that led me to my study was "the semantic trend of proverbs in human qualities.'' It was in three sections, the first topic was the life of the meteor and its effects, the second topic was the positive qualities, and the third topic was negative attributes. As for the conclusion, it was the most important result that I reached in the research. Then the research was followed by a list of sources and references that were used in the study. And Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aims to find out whether or not total knowledge is feasible for jurists, as a serious attempt to bridge or reduce the knowledge gap in explaining the nature of the relationship between these variables, by exploring the opinions of the targeted sample, as the current research relied on the inductive, analytical and comparative approach. In the researcher's quest to achieve the importance of the study by knowing what the jurists differed in, that total knowledge is like detailed knowledge by assignment. One of the most important of them is that general knowledge is not a detailed knowledge of the comprehensive without its application, unlike detailed knowledge, which is knowledge of the general application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to investigate and study the manuscript of Mu’in al-Muqri’ al-Nahreer on knowing what the title, the poem, and the simplification are characterized by, by Sheikh Ahmed bin Ali Al-Bilbeisi (797 AH).To this end, I followed the required scientific approach including a sufficient study of the author and his book, which includes a study of the author through translating his works, the compliments he received from scholars, and his scientific impacts. Then, I studied the manuscript sufficiently, including documenting the book name, attribution of the book to the author, the sources that the author mentioned, his approach, and a description of the manuscript, with attached samples of it. The second chapter includes the investigated text, the scientific approach was used to investigate the text such as transcribing manuscripts, comparing the copies, attributing the verses, documentation of texts and sayings .. etc. I concluded the research with the key results, such as the importance of this type of classification for the students of Quranic readings, which is concerned with collecting and explaining what each book of the famous scholars’ books are characterized by, which are approved by the people of this art, to simplify it for them. The manuscript confirmed the scientific status of Imam Al-Bilbeisi - May Allah bless his soul- since this type of classification requires exploration, recalling ideas, and mastering books to be able to find matters. In addition, the specialist needs to read more to know the uniqueness of each of the original books in this science, until he distinguishes and masters the methods, to reach a level that he can recognize them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arts for Linguistic & Literary Studies is the property of Thamar University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Adab Al-Kufa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the College Of Basic Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the College Of Basic Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)