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This study was carried out during the growing season 2021 in a local private orchard located outskirts of Erbil city nearby to Bahrka, Kurdistan Region/ Iraq. On pomegranate trees (Punica granatum L.) cv. Sawa which were 12 old years, all trees that chosen had uniform in size and growth were trained with multi stems system and planted at 4x4 m, to study the effect of foliar application of Gibberellic acid at three concentrations (0, 150, 300 mg. L­­-1), and liquid Calcium at (0, 1.5, 3 ml. L­-1) on growth and fruits quality. Three rates of GA3 and liquid Calcium were applied twice the first one after two weeks of complete fruit set, and the second time when the fruit pill was change in color. The study was arranged as a factorial experiment in (RCBD) with three replications by using one tree as the experimental unit. The results were summarized that: foliar spray of (GA­­3) at (300 mg. l-1) rates led to a significant increase and gave the highest mean values of leaf content of (nitrogen, phosphor, potassium and calcium), leaf content of chlorophyll, leaf area, fruit size, epicarps content of Ca, TSS, anthocyanin and vitamin - c content. While foliar spray of liquid Calcium at (3 ml. l­­-1) gave the best results of leaf content of (nitrogen and potassium), leaf area, fruit size, epicarps content of Ca, TSS, anthocyanin and vitamin - c content.

The ever-green avocado tree is of high economic importance. It was introduced to Yemen recently and there is a need to practice its sexual and vegetative propagation, as there is a limitation in the spread of its cultivation and the availability of agricultural seedlings resulting from sexual propagation. The research aims to study the effect of some chemical and physical treatments on the germination of avocado seeds and the growth characteristics of the resulting plants, in order to achieve the highest germination percentage and the best growth of plants. The research was conducted in the nurseries of the Organic Yemen Foundation, Sana’a - Yemen, and included a set of treatments: immersing seeds in different concentrations of gibberellin acid (GA3) (1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 parts per million (ppm)), and indole acetic acid (IAA) @1000ppm, naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) @1000ppm, hot water, and partial immersion of the seeds in tap water until germination begins, in addition to the control treatment (immersion in tap water). Some vegetative growth characteristics were studied (germination percentage, plant height (cm), number Leaves/plant) 60, 90, and 120 days after planting seeds. The research was implemented with a completely randomized design (CRD) in a single factor consisting of nine treatments (T1-T9). The results showed that the two seed soaking treatments in GA3 @1000 and @2000ppm recorded the highest germination percentage in both treatments after 60, 90, and 120 days of planting (73.33-100%) with a significant superiority over the control, the seed treatment with 1000ppm NAA, and the seed treatment with partial immersion in water. The lowest germination percentage recorded for the treatment of partial immersion of seeds in tap water, with a significant decrease (6.6-20%), as well as for the treatment of immersion of seeds in NAA @1000ppm (13.33- 46.66%). The highest plant height was generally recorded for seed soaking treatments in different concentrations of GA3 and other auxins and reached a peak (43.13 cm) using GA3 @4000ppm. The research showed the efficiency of plant growth regulators in accelerating the germination of avocado seeds by a high percentage as well as the growth of developing plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Almond seedlings which were grown at fruit field / Horticulture and Land Scape Design / College of Agriculture and Forestry during 2012 growing season were fertilized with three levels of nitrogen (0, 50 and 100 gm N/seedling ) by using urea fertilizer (46 % N) as a sourse of nitrogen, three levels of humus liquid fertilizer (18% humic acid) (0, 5 and 10 ml humus/L/seedling) and foliar spray with two concentrations of gibberellic acid (0 and 75 mg GA3 / L), to improve seedlings vegetative growth and budding success percentage. Results indicated that the treatments of 100g N/seedling +5 ml humus / L / seedling + 0 mg GA3 / L. gave the highest means leaves N concentrations (1.14 %) and seedling leaves area (2119.40 cm2/seedling), Meanwhil the treatment of 100g N/seedling +10 ml humus / L / seedling + 0 mg GA3 / L. gave the highest means of leaves chlorophyll (60.20 SPAD unit) and budding successes (100 %). The highest means of seedling height increament was obtaind at the treatment of 100g N/seedling +0 ml humus / L / seedling + 0 mg GA3 / L. (100.49 cm).

Copyright of Journal of Kirkuk University for Agricultural Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Kirkuk University for Agricultural Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Seeds of B. purpurea L. of red flowers and B. alba ofwhite flowers cultured at fourth planting date, (1/8/2011), (1/10/2011), (1/12/2011), (1/3/2012) and treated with 100 and 200 mg/L KNO3 or 50 and 100 mg/L GA3 in addition to control treatment (socking in distilled water) to find best rate of germination and growth of the seedlings: the results indicated the highest germination percentage was 83.16 % from planting B. alba seeds. Highest germination percentage was 82.33 % obtained from culture seeds at fourth planting date. Highest germination percentage 66.45 % were achieved from control treatment and which was not significantly different with seeds treatment with 200 mg/L KNO3 or 100 mg/L. Also highest germination percentage 100 % were achieved from planting B. alba at fourth date and treated with 200 mg/L KNO3. Culture seeds of B. purpurea at fourth date and treated with 100 mg/L gave 100 % germination percentage. The lowest number of days for germination were obtained from planting seeds B. alba and B. purpurea at first date for different treatments compared with other dates. Highest length of seedlings and leaves number were achieved from planting B. alba and B. purpurea at first date of different treatment compared with other dates.

Almond seedlings which were grown at fruit field / Horticulture and Land Scape Design / College of Agriculture and Forestry during 2012 growing season were fertilized with three levels of nitrogen (0, 50 and 100 gm N/seedling ) by using urea fertilizer (46 % N) as a sourse of nitrogen, three levels of humus liquid fertilizer (18% humic acid) (0, 5 and 10 ml humus/L/seedling) and foliar spray with two concentrations of gibberellic acid (0 and 75 mg GA3 / L), to improve seedlings vegetative growth and budding success percentage. Results indicated that the treatments of 100g N/seedling +5 ml humus / L / seedling + 0 mg GA3 / L. gave the highest means leaves N concentrations (1.14 %) and seedling leaves area (2119.40 cm2/seedling), Meanwhil the treatment of 100g N/seedling +10 ml humus / L / seedling + 0 mg GA3 / L. gave the highest means of leaves chlorophyll (60.20 SPAD unit) and budding successes (100 %). The highest means of seedling height increament was obtaind at the treatment of 100g N/seedling +0 ml humus / L / seedling + 0 mg GA3 / L. (100.49 cm). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Kirkuk University for Agricultural Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A field experiment was carried out during the winter season 2016-2017 to study the effect of silicon spraying at three levels (0, 5 and 10 ml.L-1) , two levels of GA3 (0 and 0.85 mg.L-1 ) and two levels of humic acid (0 and 5 ml.L-1) in a private field in Hilla city- Algiers district, in randomized complete blocks design (RCBD ) with three replicates. The results showed that Silicon spraying at 10 ml.L-1 caused an increase in plant height, leaf area, leaves number, branches number and chlorophyll content which were 89.16 cm, 56.41 cm2, 47.16 leaves, 7.75 and 61.25 SPAD compared to control (78.25, 51.33, 39.75 , 7.00 and 56.91).GA3 spraying caused an increase in plant height, leaf area, leaves number, branches number and chlorophyll content , which were 90.22 cm, 56.72 cm2, 46.17 leaves , 7.78 branches and 60.44 SPAD compared to control (79.33, 50.83, 40.78, 7.06 and 57.89). Humic acid spraying caused an increase in plant height , leaf area , leaves number , branches number, and chlorophyll content which were 88.28 cm, 56.39 cm2, 46.17 leaves ,7.83 branches and 60.28 SPAD compared to control (81.28, 51.17, 40.78, 7.00 and 57.89). Some interactions had a significant effect on some characteristics, and the interaction of GA3 with 10 ml.L-1 of silicon gave highest plant height and leaves number (92.33 cm and 50.17). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soaking seeds with gibberellic acid improves germination and may consider as a solution for reduce negative effects of salt stress. Therefore, an experiment was carried out in shaded area belong to Agriculture College, University of Baghdad during fall and spring seasons 2012-2013 to test effect of seeds soaking in GA3 on emergence and seedling growth of corn under salt stress. First factor was two levels dry seeds and soaked seeds in 300 ppm concentration of GA3 for 24 hours. Second factor was five levels (0, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 ppm NaCl). Randomize complete block design (RCBD) was used with four replications. Results showed significant superiority of soaked seeds in GA3 gave best values for last day of emergence, time it takes for the emergence, mean of emergence time, coefficient velocity of emergence, emergence rate index, seedling length and seedling dry weight during both seasons. Results showed increased negative effects with increasing of NaCl concentration for same attributes above except time it takes for the emergence during both seasons. Content of leaves of proline acid was increased with increasing of NaCl concentration. Results showed significant interaction between treatment of soaked seed in GA3 and treatment of 0 ppm concentration of NaCl compared with interaction between treatment of dry seeds and treatment of 4.000 ppm concentration of NaCl, has given best values for emergence rate index and seedling dry weight during both seasons. Significant correlation positive and negative was found between most those attributes. It can be conclude that soaking of seeds in GA3 improved emergence and seedling growth of corn under salt stress. We recommend soaking corn seeds in 300 ppm concentration of GA3 for 24 hours before planting in salty lands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seeds of B. purpurea L. of red flowers and B. alba of white flowers cultured at fourth planting date, (1/8/2011), (1/10/2011), (1/12/2011), (1/3/2012) and treated with 100 and 200 mg/L KNO3 or 50 and 100 mg/L GA3 in addition to control treatment (socking in distilled water) to find best rate of germination and growth of the seedlings: the results indicated the highest germination percentage was 83.16 % from planting B. alba seeds. Highest germination percentage was 82.33 % obtained from culture seeds at fourth planting date. Highest germination percentage 66.45 % were achieved from control treatment and which was not significantly different with seeds treatment with 200 mg/L KNO3 or 100 mg/L. Also highest germination percentage 100 % were achieved from planting B. alba at fourth date and treated with 200 mg/L KNO3. Culture seeds of B. purpurea at fourth date and treated with 100 mg/L gave 100 % germination percentage. The lowest number of days for germination were obtained from planting seeds B. alba and B. purpurea at first date for different treatments compared with other dates. Highest length of seedlings and leaves number were achieved from planting B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was carried out during the growing season 2013 in a private orchard in Diyala Governorate on pomegranate trees Punica granatum L. cv. Salimy which were nine old years, all trees that chosen had uniform in size and growth were trained on three trunks and planted at 4×4m to study the effect of three levels of potassium sulfate (0, 1500, 3000 mg.K.L-1 ) and three levels of Zinc (0, 500, and 1000 mg.Z.L-1 ) and three levels of Gibberellic acid (GA3) (0, 20 and 40 mg.L-1 ) on quality and quantity of fruit yield, A factorial experiment with three replicate was carried out according to the (RCBD) using one tree on experimental unit, the experimental results showed: Potassium achieved by concentration 3000 mg.L-1 significant decrease in the fruit cracking by 18.70%, As led to increasing in yield and some of the physical qualities of fruit as fruit yield increased, fruit weight, the proportions 41.22% and 11.48% respectively, as well as with zinc as the sprayed concentration of 1000 mg.L-1 cause a decrease of 13.86% fruits cracked, and achieved a significant increase in fruit yield, fruit weight, As GA3 did not have a significant effect on the qualities above, the results have shown that overlap the study showed a significant influence factors in reducing fruits drop and cracked and improve the physical qualities of the fruit. The results showed that the proportion of total soluble solids (TSS) were not significantly affected by three study factors and increased vitamin -C- , as a result of spraying potassium concentration 3000 mg.L-1 by 20.51% , and 8.75% at 1000 mg.L-1 of zinc, GA3 achieved increase in vitamin -C- by 5.66%, showed the interaction a significant effects in qualities of the above with varying proportions depending on the type of factor and its concentration added . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was carried out during the growing season 2013 in a private orchard in Diyala on pomegranate trees Punica granatum L. cv. Salimy which were nine old years, all trees that chosen had uniform in size and growth were trained on three trunk and planted at 4×4m to study the effect of three levels of potassium sulfate (0, 1500, 3000 mg.K.L-1 ) and three levels of Zinc (0, 500, and 1000 mg.Z.L-1 ) and three levels of Gibberellic acid (GA3) (0, 20 and 40 mg.L-1 ) on leaf and peel content of mineral elements, A factorial experiment with three replicate was carried out according to the (RCBD) using one tree on experimental unit, results Can be summaraized as: Potassium spray led to a significant increase in amount of mineral elements in the leaves, especially concentration 3000 mg.L-1 which achieved an increase in nitrogen, potassium, and zinc, 118.47, 181.00 , and 30.23%, respectively, The same concentration also led to increase elements of calcium and magnesium in the peel of fruit increased by 33.21 and 23.04 respectively, As zinc spray led to in a concentration of 1000 mg.L-1 to an increase of 19.81 and 18.00% of potassium and zinc in the leaves and 7.38% of calcium in the peel, either GA3 to be limited influence a significant to increase zinc in leaves increased by 5.70% and magnesium in the peel by 11.71%, As for Bilateral interactions have mostly affected a significant in qualities of the above except that the greatest influence to appear in the triple overlap to study factors, especially the highest concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jornal of Biotechnology Research Center is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)