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Copyright of Journal of Arabic Language Sciences & Literature / Maǧallaẗ ʻulūm Al-luġaẗ Al-ʻarabiyyaẗ Wa-ādābi-hā is the property of Arab Journal of Sciences & Research Publishing (AJSRP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jordanian Journal of Arabic Language & Literature is the property of Mutah University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arts for Linguistic & Literary Studies is the property of Thamar University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a study of prosodic traits and the pragmatic implications connected to them. It is suggested that there is a prosodic code in which a selection of suprasegmental elements is deliberately and consciously changed, putting it in relation to syntactic structures, lexical choices, and pragmatic meanings, is believed that a prosodic grammar works together with the linguistic and rhetorical devices in order to organize a narrative discourse firstly, and secondly to highlight the argumentative part within the narrative discourse. The prosodic features and the possible communicative meanings associated as well as the pragmatic effects are all described and justified. This study is the result of the analysis of two narrative poems in two different languages; English and Arabic. It is believed that the methodological procedures followed and the conclusions arrived at can be easily extended to other languages. General correlations that could be a starting point for further studies and practical employment of prosodic features are proposed.

Copyright of Journal of Taibah University Arts & Humanities is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was designed to discover the types of conversational implicature and the non-observance maxim of cooperative principles expressed by the characters in the Kingdom of Heaven movie script by William Monahan. The theory of Grice was applied to analyze the conversational implicature, and the qualitative approach is used to explain the conversational implicatures. After analyzing the movie, we discovered particularized implicatures as the most frequent conversational implicatures in the movie script with 14 occurrences, followed by six occurrences of generalized implicatures. The finding also revealed that the frequent use of flouting maxim of quantity occurred more frequent with 14 out of the total 20 excerpts, with violating maxim found only three times in the movie script. From this study, both findings suggested the reason behind the frequent use of flouting maxim compare to violating maxim in conversational implicature is because the speaker assumes that they will be in a safe position, and then expect the hearer to understand their points, as the speaker did not intentionally manipulate or mislead the hearer.

This study aims at expressing how irony is discovered and understood in GalalAmer’s verbal utterances. Of concern in this study is to explain how a reader successfully comprehends the speaker’s implied meaning in an ironical verbal utterances. The Relevance Theory has been used to shows how this happens. The researcher collected data by reading a book written by the famous sarcastic writer GalalAmer named the Brevity of Speech and selects the most ironical quotes to be analyzed and illustrates how verbal irony interpreted in these utterances. Two postGricean accounts of irony have been used to express the irony in these utterances. These are the echoic and the pretence accounts. In an echoic account, the speaker does not explain his own thoughts but echoes a thought that he refers to someone else, and simultaneously explains his mocking skeptical or opprobrious attitude to the thought by showing this with saying ironical utterances. According to the pretence account, the speaker of an ironical utterance is not performing a real speech act but pretending to preform it, while expecting his readers to see through the pretence and understand the skeptical, mocking or opprobrious attitude behind it. The researcher groups data according to the source of echoes. Three main sources of echoes were identified. These are echoes of stereotypes, echoes of societal expectations on an individual and echoes of the immediate context. Since various accounts of irony have different ways of finding out the ironic influence in utterances, the researcher detects how each account deals with the different utterances. Some irony is obvious when treated as a case of pretence while another comes out better when treated as an echoic. The echoic account is for instance better appropriate for echoes of stereotypes as well as echoes of societal expectations on an individual. The pretence account is best appropriate for echoes of what has been said previously, in a given context.

The title of this research is (The Syntax-Pragmatics of the Conjunctions in Kurdish Language). The conjunctions have a great role in language by connecting between words, phrases and sentences. They also have a significant role in deletion of reduction extra elements. These are some examples of them in Kurdish; ‘belam, û, belku, ne…ne, keçî, and so on’. They have a great role in clarifying the aims of the speaker and its ideas. The study consists of two main parts and the bibliography. In the first part of the research, the syntactical role of the conjunctions is shown. Furthermore, the places of the conjunctions in compound sentences are explained. According to the Kurdish language grammatical rules, there is not a specified gap for the conjunctions, and their places are changeable within compound sentences. Besides that, compound sentences also categorized according their dual or multi branches. Each part of the compound sentences have its importance, and their level are not same. The second part of the research deals with the pragmatics role of the conjunction. The focus is on the new meaning that are made in collocation with other parts of the sentence to send the message of the speaker. This is because their meaning is very related with the context. Eventually, the conclusion is drawn.

Implicature is one of the important language studies. It is because implicature can provide explanations of linguistic facts that cannot be explained by other linguistic theories. Research on conversational implicature between Mitsubishi Car Salesperson and consumers in Padang is interesting to do to see linguistic phenomena that occur in the commercial environment, especially in the aspects of implicature. This study aims at explaining the function of implicature found in conversations between Mitsubishi car salesperson and consumers in Padang. The data in this study are the utterances containing implicature h between Mitsubishi car salesperson and consumers in Padang. Data were collected by using the observational method. This method was realized by using basic techniques and advanced techniques. The basic technique used is recording. While the advanced used is non-participate observation, recording, and note-taking s. Based on the results of the analysis, there are three pragmatic functions in the conversation of Mitsubishi car salesperson with consumers in Padang. They are 1) assertive functions such as stating; explain, and express opinions. 2) directive functions such as demanding. 3) commissive functions such as advocating, promising, and offering. From the several implicature functions above, the most dominant function is assertive for stating, explaining, and expressing opinions. Some of these conversational functions tend to be used as expressing and explaining.

Copyright of Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences (2522-3380) is the property of Arab Journal of Sciences & Research Publishing (AJSRP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper consists of five sections. The first section pinpoints the concept of presupposition tackling it from a linguistic perspective. The second section discusses the three basic properties of presupposition. The third section sheds some light on presupposition in comparison with two other meaning inferences, namely, entailment and conversational implicature. The fourth section discusses presupposition triggers. The fifth section gives an account of the six types of presuppositions. The paper ends in a conclusion which summarizes the major points discussed in the paper.

Copyright of Basic Education College Magazine For Educational & Humanities Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)