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Copyright of Arab Journal of Plant Protection is the property of Arab Society for Plant Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To assess the use of returned sludge in water reatment, samples were brought from the Tigris River water during the summer and fall of 2002. A chemical treatment was carried out on it using alum as a coagulant, and after adding different percentages of sludge deposited at the bottom of the clarification ponds, it was found that returning 50% of the sludge improves the removal efficiency by an amount that can reach 14%. This applies to models with low and medium turbidity; otherwise, the reduction in removal efficiency is due again. The aluminium sulphate and hydroxides deposited at the bottom of the pond and recycled with the reflux sludge contributed to the improvement of the removal efficiency.

The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is considered one of the most devastating pests of tomato crops in geothermal greenhouses. It leads to crop losses reaching 100% among farmers and major tomato exporters. In this research, three insecticides, Emamectin benzoate, Spinosad and Tolfenpyrad were evaluated for their efficacy in the control of T. absoluta larvae in heated greenhouses. These three treatments resulted in a significant reduction in the number of T. absoluta larvae compared to an untreated control. The Emamectin Benzoate, Spinosad and Tolfenpyrad used were effective in controlling this leafminer with efficacy percentages above 60% against young larvae and above 50% against old larvae.

The results of the recent study showed no signification difference in general mean of leaf attack by T. absoluta according to kind of chemical treatment in comparison with control , although that the treated tomatoes varieties by leaf fertilizer exhibit the highest general mean leaf attack reached 35.49% and the highest leaf attack was found on Speedy variety in comparison with 33.31 and 30.99 % for Rocky and G.S variety respectively. The highest general mean leaf attack by T. absoluta was registered during September and reached 60.3 %. For the tomato worm H. armigera the results showed no significant difference also , in general mean of leaf attack between tomato varieties in treatments and control , and the highest general mean of attack reached 88.92 % in varieties treated by growth regulator in comparison with control 80.33 %. The G.S. variety was most preferred and got the highest attack found in September and reached 90.14 %. The percentage of leaf attack by both worms kinds was decreased.

Copyright of Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The results of the recent study showed no signification difference in general mean of leaf attack by T. absoluta according to kind of chemical treatment in comparison with control , although that the treated tomatoes varieties by leaf fertilizer exhibit the highest general mean leaf attack reached 35.49% and the highest leaf attack was found on Speedy variety in comparison with 33.31 and 30.99 % for Rocky and G.S variety respectively. The highest general mean leaf attack by T. absoluta was registered during September and reached 60.3 %. For the tomato worm H. armigera the results showed no significant difference also , in general mean of leaf attack between tomato varieties in treatments and control , and the highest general mean of attack reached 88.92 % in varieties treated by growth regulator in comparison with control 80.33 %. The G.S. variety was most preferred and got the highest attack found in September and reached 90.14 %. The percentage of leaf attack by both worms kinds was decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Activated carbon was prepared from (Acer sp.) wood. The wood was dried and crushed to small suitable size. The dried wood was mixed with sodium hydroxide in the following ratio [(wood: NaOH) (1:0, 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2)]. The reaction mixture (wood and base) was carried out in stainless steel reactor coated with nickel. The mixture was heated for more than three hours at 550 ± 25oC with continuous mixing till no more gases evolved. The carbonized materials were washed with distilled water many times till it gives colorless litmus paper. The carbonized materials was activated using 30% HCl for 1.5 hr to remove any metalic corrosion and to open the pores in the carbon. The carbon was filtered, washed and dried to be activated carbon. The activated carbon prepared was further studied to fulfill its properties.

ABSTRACT In this work activated carbon has been prepared from different agricultural sources. The process of preparing activated carbon was conducted through carbonization the raw material at 350° C for 3 hrs. The carbonized product were subjected to final step of carbonization by mixing the feed stoke with potassium hydroxide (1:1) (raw materials: KOH) at 550±25° C for 3 hrs. The carbon obtained was purified by disttiled water, refluxed with 10 % hydro chloric acid for 2hrs, washed with disttled water and finally dried at 110-120° C for 24 hrs. The activated carbon obtained was evaluated by measuring (Iodine number, methylene blue, humidity content, ash content and Density) and Compared with commercial carbon from B. D. H.

Abstract In this research, the adsorption of substituted phenols on anewly synthesized a activated carbons has been investigated. The activated carbon is prepared from spent petroleum materials (Asphalt) and chemically activated by employing NaOH. The work included studying the factors affecting the adsorption process such as initial concentration, pH and temperature. The results indicated that, the increase of initial concentration increases the efficiency of adsorbed phenols. The highest adsorption efficiency is observed in the neutral medium of the studied compound. Increasing the temperature decreases the amount of adsorbed phenols suggesting the physical nature of adsorption system under consideration. Depending on the effect of temperature, the thermodynamic functions of adsorption were estimated. The obtained values showed that, the adsorption process is spontaneous, exothermic and controlled by entropy effect. The application of Freundlich isotherm is good Fitted the experimental data of the adsorption system. The overall results showed that, the adsorption of the investigated compounds are affected by the resonance and inductive effect of the concerned subsistent.

Abstract In this study, the activated carbon has been prepared from the spent lubricant oils in the presence of additives which include polymers. Spent lubricant oils and polymers waste products are pollutant materials, it is possible to use these wastes to prepare activated carbon. The process of preparing activated carbon comprises oxidation of spent lubricant oils at different intervals of time. After determining the ideal circumstances for oxidation, the oxidized oil is dealt with additives which are polyethylene, polystyrene, resin of melamine formaldehyde and rubber with additional oxidation at 300 25 °C for 5,6 and 7 hours. The percentage of asphaltene in all above treatments has been determined then, the best samples have been taken according to asphaltene content. Normal and vacuum distillation have been conducted. The vacuum distillation wastes have been taken and treated with KOH (1 unit waste with 2 units KOH) at 55050 °C for three hours. Many tests have been conducted on the prepared activated carbon such as determining the activity of the samples through adsorption of iodine and methylene blue from aqueous media. The density, ash content and humidity were measured and all the properties was compared with the commercial one.

Abstract In this work solar cells of (ZnO/p-Si) prepared by depositing ZnO thin films by electrochemical deposition method (using aqueous solution of ZnCl2 & KCl) on silicon(111) wafer samples. The samples then annealed at (550°C, 1h), to study the effects of annealing and chemical etching by (HCl, HF), optical microscope, SEM-EDAX, X-Ray used as analysis techniques. The optical properties of prepared ZnO on glass substrate also studied. An optical band gab of (3.15eV) calculated. The transmittance of 80% found for the sample before annealing where it became 85% after annealing. Solar cells conversion efficiency of 2.4% were obtained for the cells etched with HCl, where it was 4.337% for HF etching. Where for solar cells samples prepared under texture treatment gave an increase in the efficiency to the 4.7%.

This study was carried out at the laboratories of Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Basrah University. The study aimed to detect the leaflet blight disease for different datepalm cultivars such as Chipchap, Sayer, Zehdi and Khodrawi at three regoins, Medainah, Nashwa and Abu Al-khaseeb. The result showed that the infection percent was 86.51, 83.61 and 76.03% at Medainah, Abu Al-khaseeb and Nashwa respectively. The results also showed that the infection intensity was 25.96, 28.56 and 21.1 % for the three above regions respectively. The infection intensity also differs according to surfaces, it was 76.37 % on the lower surface, while it was 55.55, 37.91 and 24.34% on the middle, foot and terminal of leaflet. while the other fungi caused yellowish and spotting symptoms sixteen species belonging to 13 genera were isolated from the leaflets, these species were as follows: Chaetomium atrobrunneum, C. globosum, Chalaropsis thielavioides, C.radicicola, Stemphylium.sp., Bipolaris australis, Cladosporium herbarum, Nigrospora sphaerica, Diplodia phoenicis, Phoma glomerata, Fusarium verticillioides, Alternaria alternate, A. longipes, Coniochaete sacchareo, Melanospora sp., and S.phoenicis. Most of them caused blight disease..Among of them D. phoenicis and S. phoenicis gave scorch symptoms pathogenicity testing. The field experiment revealed that pa fluorescence reduced infection intensity to 50%, while Dazim biological agent Toharziannm treatment were the lowest treatment in reducing the infection intensity which reduced to 4.1 and 6.3 respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]