Search

Penelitian ini berakar dari perdebatan yang muncul di kalangan ulama mengenai penggunaan nagham Jawa dalam pelantunan al-Qur'an. Melalui penelusuran sejarah, pemahaman konteks budaya, dan analisis pandangan ulama, artikel ini berusaha memberikan pandangan komprehensif terhadap fenomena ini dan membentuk dasar untuk pemikiran kritis tentang hukum penggunaan nagham atau langgam Jawa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi implikasi yang muncul dari permasalahan ini. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif, diperoleh melalui library research, dan menerapkan metode deskriptif-analisis. Data dikumpulkan dari berbagai sumber literatur, termasuk buku, artikel jurnal, video di YouTube, dan literatur lainnya. Fokus utama penelitian ini adalah perbedaan perspektif ulama terhadap penggunaan nagham atau langgam Jawa dalam membaca al-Qur'an dan implikasinya terhadap wacana Islam Nusantara. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan pandangan ulama terkait penggunaan langgam Jawa dalam pembacaan al-Qur’an terbagi menjadi tiga kategori. Pertama, kelompok ulama yang mendukung penggunaan langgam Jawa dengan syarat tetap mematuhi kaidah tajwid. Kedua, ulama yang menentang penggunaan langgam Jawa dengan berpendapat bahwa al-Qur'an harus dijaga dari pengaruh langgam selain langgam Arab. Ketiga, ulama dengan pandangan moderat yang memperbolehkan penggunaan langgam apapun dengan catatan tidak merusak kaidah tajwid. Implikasi dari penggunaan nagham Jawa terhadap wacana Islam Nusantara menimbulkan konflik antara pemertahanan identitas budaya dan konservasi agama, perbedaan dalam pola pembacaan al-Qur'an dan kaidah tajwid, serta memunculkan solusi yang mungkin bisa ditempuh agar tilawah langgam Jawa dapat diterima masyarakat secara luas.

Indonesia has the largest Muslim population in the world and is a generous country in the world in donating money through mosques. From here, mosque administrators/takmirs need to build, maintain, and increase the trust given by the congregation to the mosque, especially in improving services and increasing access to the impact of donations given by the congregation. In this case, human resources are the highest asset in mosque management. This research aims to make human and financial resource management more transparent and accountable and able to have a big impact on society. This research method is descriptive qualitative with the analytical tool used, namely ANP (Analytic Network Process) with a total of 7 respondents; the research objects are the Jogokariyan Mosque, Yogyakarta, and the Al-Ilhlash Mosque, Jatipadang, Jakarta. The data collection results show that human resources in the two mosques have high problems. The results of the analytical synthesis of the network process of internal problems, problems, and solutions for human resources and management. In the internal problems cluster, the integrity aspect was chosen as a priority issue in managing mosque finances with a score of (0.331), followed by the accountability aspect with a score of (0.240), and the human resources aspect (0.215).

Effective instruction is a determinant of success in learning Arabic. With it, learning objectives can be achieved more quickly and are more enjoyable, whereas without them, learning objectives will take longer and tend to be boring. Slavin offers a theory in determining whether learning can be assessed as effective or not, namely by Quality of Instruction, Appropriate Levels of Instruction, Incentive, and Time (QAIT). Therefore, researchers want to know whether learning at Madrasah Miftahul Ulum Angsokah Timur Madura is effective or not by analyzing it with the theory offered by Slavin. This research uses qualitative methods and includes field research. The data collection uses interviews and observations which will then be analyzed using the Miles and Huberman models. The results of this research show that learning at Madrasah Miftahul Ulum Angsokah Timur Madura is effective on one side and less effective on the other side based on Slavin theory, namely effective on the incentive and time side and not on the quality and appropriateness side.

The housing business continues to grow along with the increasing need for the fulfillment of housing. This research delves into the application of mushārakah mutanāqiṣah in housing finance within Indonesia and Malaysia, scrutinizing their regulations and relevant governing institutions. Employing a normative legal approach, it explores legal principles, systematics, synchronization, and historical context about this financing method. Employing inductive, deductive, and comparative methods, it analyzes regulations and practices in both countries. By offering insights into the potential and challenges of implementing mushārakah mutanāqiṣah in housing finance, the study aims to provide recommendations for regulatory enhancements, fatwa institutions, product development, and adherence to sharī’ah principles. This research is crucial for deepening understanding and facilitating improvements in various sectors related to housing finance within the context of Islamic finance in Indonesia and Malaysia.

Psycholinguistic understanding helps teachers to detail teaching strategies that take into account how students process Arabic information, understand sentence structure, and overcome potential learning difficulties. Cognitive theory emphasizes aspects of understanding, mental processes, and organization in language acquisition. This view states that the stages of students' cognitive development influence their language development. In this research, the effectiveness of the cognitive model in learning Arabic becomes a benchmark in determining whether the teacher's role is fulfilled in applying psycholinguistic tests to students. So that the latest alternative for learning Arabic has emerged based on its new understanding. In this research, the researcher limited it to language structure material or often referred to as nahwu (syntax). Because learning nahwu holds great urgency in developing Arabic language skills. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach, as well as the use of metasynthesis techniques for SLR (systematic literature review) research. With the systematic literature review method, research will be carried out using systematic, explicit and reproducible steps to synthesize (identify, evaluate, interpret) a number of research works and ideas that have been produced by researchers. The results of this research, in the cognitive aspect, researchers found that structural learning of Arabic (Nahwu) with the TBL (Task Based Learning) and PBL (Problem Based Learning) models is a learning model that can provide significant learning results in improving students' cognitive abilities, because both This model provides stimulus to students. Thus making cognitive abilities develop efficiently and effectively. This makes PBL and TBL alternative options in learning Arabic which is based on psycholinguistic cognitive models

Artikel ini membahas konsep kewalian (wali) dalam perspektif ulama dan masyarakat di Kampung Dalam Pagar, Martapura, Kalimantan Selatan. Dalam konteks tasawuf, kewalian menjadi topik menarik yang memerlukan pemahaman yang mendalam. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif, dengan fokus pada penelitian lapangan di Dalam Pagar, tempat fenomena ini terjadi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pandangan ulama dan masyarakat setempat sejalan dengan pemahaman umum dalam tasawuf. Mereka memandang kewalian sebagai hasil dari pengamalan syariat Islam dengan tekun, penguatan iman, dan ketakwaan yang mendalam. Lebih lanjut, perilaku sosial masyarakat Dalam Pagar mendukung pandangan ini. Masyarakat menerima dengan baik kehadiran wali atau individu yang dianggap memiliki potensi kewalian, terutama jika ada dukungan dan pengakuan dari ulama atau guru besar yang dihormati. Pengakuan ini tercermin dalam berbagai bentuk penghormatan, seperti ziarah, haul, serta penggunaan gambar atau foto wali di rumah-rumah mereka. Namun, perlu dicatat bahwa masyarakat juga bersikap hati-hati terhadap individu yang tidak memiliki legitimasi yang jelas sebagai wali. Hal ini menjadi lebih penting jika tidak ada dukungan resmi dari otoritas agama yang diakui oleh masyarakat. Kesimpulannya, konsep kewalian dalam tasawuf memiliki dampak yang signifikan dalam budaya masyarakat Dalam Pagar Martapura. Pandangan ulama dan perilaku masyarakat terhadap kewalian mencerminkan pemahaman tradisional yang didasarkan pada keimanan, ketakwaan, dan pengamalan syariat Islam. Selain itu, legitimasi dari otoritas agama memegang peran penting dalam mengukuhkan seseorang sebagai wali di mata masyarakat.

This article is based on research conducted at nationally accredited State Islamic Higher Education Institutions (PTKIN) in Indonesia, which have already begun implementing the Merdeka Belajar-Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) curriculum. The informants serving as data sources consist of 15 students participating in the International Mobility Program (IMP). A qualitative case study gathered data from interviews, observations, and documentation. The research emphasizes that the determinants of IMP success in supporting the implementation of the MBKM curriculum consist of four aspects: 1) through the ability to adapt well to a new environment, students gain learning experiences outside the campus by adjusting and respecting cultural differences in the destination country; 2) through international language proficiency, students are increasingly trained to conduct high-quality research and communicate effectively creatively; 3) through their interest in challenges and adventures in foreign campuses, students confidently present in international forums; 4) through the transformation of a global perspective, students are motivated to pursue further studies abroad and intend to participate in international programs in the following years. Understanding and emphasizing these factors is crucial for optimizing the benefits derived from international mobility initiatives within the unique context of religious higher education institutions.

The study focuses on moderate character education in Islamic educational institutions, especially those based on Islamic organizations such as Nahdlatul Ulama, Muhammadiyah, and Syarikat Islam. The study aims to reveal the moderate values of Islamic education institutions and their implementation in educational activities. The research uses a qualitative multisite approach, with data collection techniques through field observations, interviews, and documentation. This study includes Islamic educational institutions based on religious organizations, namely Nahdlatul Ulama, Muhammadiyah, and Syarikat Islam. Research locations are 1) Education and Social Foundation, Khadijah High School, East Java, as an Islamic educational institution based in Nahdlatul Ulama; 2) Muhammadiyah Boarding School, Yogyakarta; and 3) Cokroaminoto School, Surakarta, Central Java. The researchers performed data analysis using modified analytic induction analysis. Data analysis follows the stages of condensation, data display, verification, and conclusion. The results of this study show that each educational institution has moderate character values: 1) tawasuth; 2) tawazun; and 3) ta'addul/I'tidal. These values are embodied in learning to form a moderate Muslim character and become the mercy to the whole world (rahmatan lil alamin).

This study aims to investigate the effects of colored bead Montessori learning media to students’ numeral thinking skills none of the elementary schools (SD) in Padang, Indonesia. This study used a quantitative method with a single-subject research approach, the research data was taken from a student with dyscalculia through fifteen direct lessons using colored bead Montessori learning media. Data were analyzed by using visual graphical analysis tool descriptively were analyzed descriptively using visual graphical analysis tools. The results of this study showed that the use of colored bead Montessori learning media based on the analysis can actually improve the numeracy skills of students with dyscalculia in learning. This improvement is proved by, at first the students' scores were 2, 4, 4, 4, this was the value before the researcher used the media. Furthermore, after the researcher did seven times direct treatment, it was found that the students' scores increased to 10, 13, 15, 18, 20, 20, 20, even students were able to obtain self-evaluation scores with numbers 20, 20, 20, 20. The results of this study proved that the use of colored bead Montessori media has been able to improve the numeracy skills of students in learning. Referring to the results of this research, colored bead Montessori can be used as an alternative media in learning numeracy skills of students with dyscalculia none of the elementary schools.

This article aims to reveal the management of student study time after the Covid-19 pandemic in dealing with culture shock in Indonesia. This article uses qualitative research method. This type of research is a case study, namely culture shock post covid-19 pandemic. Research problems in research are explained descriptively. The data collection technique that is with the library such scientific articles, books, and other sources relevant to the research topic. The data analysis technique uses a technique popularized by Miles & Huberman, which consists of condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. This study found that students experienced various culture shocks due to changes in the learning process, namely from offline face-to-face to online virtual face-to-face. Culture Shock happened again for the second time when the Covid-19 pandemic was gone, so all activities, namely offline learning, returned to normal. Therefore, to reduce the effect of culture shock, it is necessary to have adaptations in managing study time management, meaning that building and restructuring good study time management is the primary key to surviving these situations and conditions.

Education is part of human’s life and it may be different in its performance and process according to time and place with its challenges. Educational challenges had made the education scientists and teachers of their efforts and innovation to analyze its problem in order to achieve the desired educational goals. This study aimed to reveal the conditions of education in an era in which Al-Shatiby lived with its challenges, problems, the role in addressing it to society and the possibility of applying his thoughts in teaching the Arabic language to non-native speakers with its challenges in our contemporary era. The educational activities of the Arabic language for non-native speakers face its problems and challenges from the other sides. The descriptive method was used to obtain Al-Shatiby's books related to education, the book of approvals as a basic reference in the study and educational references for the Arabic language. Al-Shatiby was well known as a great educator who was concerned with education and mentor of teachers. Besides, he was a jurist, a renewed fundamentalist and an innovative linguist. According to him, worship was the spirit of education and the seeker of knowledge was concerned with decent ethics. The process of education built on four pillars of education should not be separated such as worthwhile science, productive teacher, desired method, and energized learner.

Speaking skill is considered the most difficult to learn. On the other hand, speaking subject is considered a failure in providing competence to students. This can be proven by the lack of student's ability to speak Arabic and the value of learning outcomes. This study aimed to develop cybernetic-based kalam materials that can be used by students at the junior high school level as innovations in the use of teaching materials and learning theory. This research used the RD method by adapting the six steps of Borg and Gall model development. Meanwhile, a small group trial was conducted on 24 students of an Islamic junior high school in Ogan Ilir, using by purposive random sampling technique. This research resulted in kalam material products using the Canva application. The validation of material experts is 84% and media experts get 90.76% so it can be concluded that the product developed is suitable for use with the revisions suggested by validators. Based on the comparison of pretest results showed an average of 48.33 and the post-test results were 78.33. Then continued with the nonparametric test, namely the Wilcoxon test. This test was chosen because the data is not distributed normally. Asimp Wilcoxon. Sage. (2-tailed) equals 0.000. Since the value of 0.000 is less than 0.05, it can be concluded that the "hypothesis is acceptable". The results of the effectiveness test showed the development of Cybernetic-based speaking materials in improving knowledge and skills in speaking languages.

This study examines Hanafiyyah's perspective on dilalah lafzhiyah in family law, categorizing Lafadz into ibarah nash, isyarah nash, dilalah nash, and iqtidha' nash. Through library research, it explores the implementation of dilalah lafzhiyyah, focusing on Q.S. An-Nisa verse 3, permitting multiple marriages under fair conditions, and Q.S. Al-Baqarah verse 233, outlining the husband's responsibility for sustenance during the 'iddah period. Inheritance laws, as per Q.S. An-Nisa' verse 11, allocate shares based on heirs' presence and, if parents are the only heirs, assign the mother one-third. Dilalah, ghairu lafzhiyyah involves deriving legal principles from implicit implications within explicit language, derived from the lafazh.

This study will discuss the impact of the profit level shares, interest rates BI, inflation, and the number of Islamic banking offices on the mudharabah savings in Indonesia. The population are the whole unit of Sharia banking in Indonesia, while the research sample was selected from 60 pieces divided into five variables. Each variable represents 12 samples selected based on monthly data. Research data were obtained from secondary sources like Bank Indonesia, Financial Services Authority, Sharia Commercial Banks, and Sharia Business Units with data period from January 2017 – December 2021. Time series data includes monthly statistical reports on BI interest rate data, inflation, and monthly banking reports in Sharia. The data analysis method uses the Eviews application with linear regression analysis. The results indicate that the variables for profit-sharing, BI rate, inflation, and several offices simultaneously have a significant effect on mudharabah savings in Islamic banks in Indonesia.

The intricate nature of contemporary human life has placed individuals in a paradoxical position, simultaneously serving as active agents shaping societal development and passive recipients of the outcomes of this evolution. The predominant emphasis on material and intellectual pursuits has, in some instances, resulted in the neglect of the soul as a bridge to the transcendent realm, often associated with the divine. Consequently, many modern individuals find themselves disconnected from their own existence and spiritual well-being. This research aims to address the real-world challenges faced by contemporary individuals by exploring the philosophical concepts of Ibn Sīnā and Suhrawadī, which hold significant relevance to the conditions of modern society. This study, utilizing a qualitative approach and a comparative synthesis analysis model, unveils a convergence in the conceptualization of the soul between Ibn Sīnā and Suhrawardī, particularly in their efforts to curb the influence of the animalistic soul (an-nafs al-hayāwanīyah). While their methodologies differ, reflecting their respective Aristotelian and illuminationist traditions, their shared objective remains unwavering. Ibn Sīnā emphasizes the rational soul (an-nafs al-naṭiqah) through acquired reason (al-'aql al-mustafad), striving to attain divine knowledge, a goal also pursued, albeit via a different path, by Suhrawardī through ascetic practices. The pursuit of maximal rationality and the adoption of ascetic practices offer modern individuals a potent means to combat the soul-crushing emptiness often associated with spiritual and existential crises. These complementary mechanisms hold the promise of guiding contemporary individuals towards a state of self-actualization, where they are bathed in the illuminating radiance of divine knowledge and understanding.

The main objective of this research is to describe whether Mentimeter can be an innovative solution environment applied to Sharaf learning which is caused by the unenthusiasm and inactivity of students in Sharf learning in the Arabic Language Education study program at UIN Sunan Kalijaga. The study was conducted in a qualitative descriptive manner and its subject was Sharf's learning. This technique gathering data for this research in the form of documents, interviews, and observations. And the analysis technique uses presentation, condensation, and inference of data. Mentimeter is capable and capable of being an innovative medium for learning Sharf. With Mentimeter, it will raise student attention so that students will focus during learning. This can increase student enthusiasm for learning, making them carry out teaching and learning activities to the fullest. However, due to limited time, the use of multimeters in Sharf learning has not been able to run optimally and not all students have answered the questions posed in Mentimeter.

Character education in Indonesia can be done through “meaning learning”. It is by integrating the learning of Islamic Religious Education and Mathematics. This integration will expand Mathematics so that it is not only a learning with symbols, but also a meaningful learning. The research method used quantitative experimental to determine the effect of treatment integration of Islamic religious education learning with mathematics. Thus, this study divides the object of research into two groups, namely experimental and control. Data analysis in this study used independent sample t-test. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean of the experimental and control groups, the experimental mean had a higher mean value. While the results of the independent sample t-test test showed a significance value of 0,009 < 0,05 so that H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. The integration of Islamic religious education learning in mathematics has proven to be influential as an effort to strengthen student character education. Thus this study shows a successful learning integration model in improving learning outcomes in the form of character education.

This article aimed to analyze the book "Sarf science for beginners third edition by Abu Razin and Ummu Razin" based on the theory of development textbook principles and to find out the strengths and weaknesses of textbook. This research was qualitative method, it is literature research with descriptive analysis method. According to the results of this research, the Sharaf Science book for beginners has been revised and developed twice, based on suggestions and recommendations from teachers and students. The sociocultural principle is a weakness in this textbook because the author paid little attention to this principle, especially in giving examples in the discussion of sarf which aims to understand the Qur'an. Supposedly, giving examples in this book should also represent the themes of Arab culture. There is no appropriate use for this book for learners who is younger than 15 years old since it doesn't address the psychological state of these learners. The principles of psychology, pedagogy, and language are the strengths of this book. There are several striking strengths of this book, including how the author facilitates the ability of students to learn independently, and how teachers are given several videos for free about the explanation and teaching of the book, directly practiced by the author. This textbook still has few typos and a lot of blank spaces on some pages, and it does not explain in detail, for example in the discussion of fi'il mu'tal, the origin of the word and the history of its changes, although the author has provided a video of the learning process on YouTube. How good it would be if the explanation was later included in the book.

Some Islamic Boarding Schools (Pesantren) have integrated school education into its education system to generate excellent Muslims in science and technology. However, in practice, pesantren usually consider the school education as the second. Due to that, the santris are less motivated to learn science and technology, then results in them being unqualified. Responding to this problem, the government of Indonesia has made a policy to implement school education in pesantren, known as the pesantren-based junior high schools program (SMP-BP). This study examines the strategy of pesantren in managing junior high schools and explains the approach to adopting the SMP-BP. Our exploration utilizes a qualitative research design with a survey approach. Data were collected and analyzed using an analytical approach. The results showed that the SMP-BP program was carried out through problem analysis and strategic management. Problem analysis comprises human resources problems (santris and teachers) and evaluation methods. Furthermore, strategic management consists of: (1) curriculum development and integrated learning, (2) governance policy, (3) human recourses, (4) infrastructure and facilities, (5) finance, and (6) educational output. Our finding confirms that pesantren has changed its system to implement the SMP-BP program without any conflicts. This study can assist educational practitioners in their efforts to improve the quality of Islamic education in science and technology.

This study aims to find out in-depth about the application of foreignization strategies in translating the Quran into Indonesian. The application of foreignization strategies in terms of meaning accuracy in the source language (SL) and target language (TL) as well as its suitability with the cultural context. The research method used is content analysis adapted from Krippendorff (1980). Based on an analysis of the foreignization strategy implemented by the Quran Translation Team of the Ministry of Religious Affairs (MoRA) of the Republic of Indonesia, it was found that 94 words and phrases were foreignized in the translation of Surah Al-Baqarah. Judging from the aspect of the accuracy of meaning, equivalence, and its use in Indonesian, the vocabulary is still accurate in meaning, as intended by the SL text and its users. However, some absorption vocabularies experience a shift in meaning, broad, narrow, general, and specific, as well as those containing good and bad values. Two factors influence the translator in implementing the foreignization strategy in the translation of the Quran, namely (a) the condition of the Quranic text, which is difficult to translate into Indonesian, and (b) the translator’s belief that foreign vocabulary retention (foreignization) can give the nuances of the authenticity of Arabic culture (Quran).

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan isi Kitāb Qawā’idī karya Syekh Bahr Al-Munir Al-Hamim Trenggalek dengan standar buku teks yang baik menurut tujuan, kualitas, kaidah penulisan dan bagian-bagiannya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data melalui metode observasi dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan identifikasi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Adapun hasil penelitiannya yaitu buku ini sesuai dengan standar buku teks yang baik sesuai dengan tujuan, kualitas, kaidah penulisan dan bagian-bagiannya, yaitu memiliki sudut pandang dan konsep yang jelas, sesuai dengan kurikulum 2013 dan kurikulum terpadu, mempunyai media pendidikan yang baik, mempunyai kesesuaian dengan standar keterkaitan dengan materi lain, menarik minat siswa, dan memiliki nilai-nilai kebaikan yang membentuk akhlak yang baik bagi siswa, yaitu pengembangan aktivitas siswa dalam menganalisis semua komponen, pengembangan aktivitas siswa dalam berbicara, yaitu dengan bernyanyi, pengembangan siswa dalam berpikir, dan pengembangan aktivitas siswa dalam berbicara, serta pengembangan toleransi siswa. Namun, berdasarkan pedoman penulisan buku teks yang baik, kitab ini tidak sesuai dengan etos kerja praktek serta tidak memiliki daftar gambar, daftar tabel, dan halaman penutup di dalamnya.

This research aims to reveal the strategies used in translating Arabic aphorisms into Indonesian language and to measure the equivalence at word level in the book entitled Seratus Mahfudzot written by As’ad Humam (1994). This qualitative study was performed in a descriptive analysis based on the theory of translation strategies which were limited to structural and semantic strategies of Suryawinata and Hariyanto (2003) and the theory of equivalence at word level of Baker (2001). Triangulation of data sources was used to validate research findings. From 150 words that have been analyzed, the results highlighted 9 strategies that were applied as followed: 60 (40%) additions, 16 (10.67%) subtractions, 22 (14.67%) transpositions, 4 (2.67%) modulations, 32 (21.33%) borrowings, 5 (3.33%) cultural equivalents, 3 (2%) synonyms, 3 (2%) reductions, and 5 (3.33%) expansions. The equivalence at word level reached 74%, whereas 26% were found non-equivalent. It strengthens the assumption that there are characteristic difference and similarity between Arabic and Indonesian to take into consideration in translation.

This article aims to systematically review the empirical literature on the determinants of employees’ job satisfaction in public sector organizations worldwide. This study conducted a systematic review following the protocol proposed by Lee and Cummings. Data sources utilize electronic databases, such as Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar, which were searched from 2008 to February 2022. The review method involves analyzing articles that examine the factors influencing employee job satisfaction in public sector organizations. Team members independently reviewed and determined each paper that met the inclusion criteria. Then we assessed the quality of the articles using a predetermined quality assessment instrument. Next, we perform data extraction. Finally, we conducted a comprehensive content analysis to categorize the factors related to employee job satisfaction. The results concluded that implementing appropriate leadership styles, prosocial behavior, rewards, organizational commitment, organizational justice, empowerment, emotional intelligence, and organizational communication can increase job satisfaction in public sector organizations. Toxic leadership style and job stress can reduce employee job satisfaction. Besides, we also revealed some inconsistencies in research results, which have provided research gaps for other researchers to follow up on in the future.

FisDok is a telemedicine healthcare application created by UWHS Physiotherapy students. In health services, this can create an engagement relationship between the provider and recipient of health services, while the provider of the FisDok application platform only functions as a provider of teleconsultation facilities. Patients who get telemedicine services must get legal protection, because there are opportunities for malpractice. This study aims to examine with a sociological juridical approach, descriptive analytic research specifications, the data used are in the form of primary and secondary data to examine whether the FisDok application is safe for consumers of telemedicine services. The method of data collection is literature study and field study, the population is all patients, doctors and physiotherapists who are involved and registered in the FisDok application, samples are taken by non-random sampling with purposive sampling type, namely all 10 patients, 1 doctor, and 4 physiotherapists people and analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study show that the implementation of legal protection for patients as users of the FisDok application has been carried out well, it is proven that health workers already have an STR an accordance, particularly law no. 36 of 2014 and PerMenKes No. 20 of 2019.

This report has been developed based on a library research investigation of numerous library materials related to communities and schools that conflict with multicultural terminology. The approach states that the data collection methods used in this study are documented procedures, in which data is obtained through documents known as library materials. Data from this study are analyzed using content analysis. It became clear that multicultural schools and communities are higher education establishments that acknowledge and are willing to accept the existence of a wide variety of diverse identities in the communit

Artikel ini membahas I’jaz peradaban (hadhari) dalam Alquran.Penulis ingin meneliti lebih dalam ayat-ayat Alquran yang dapat membentuk peradaban Islam. Dengan metode deskriptis-analisis dan dibantu analisis fakta sejarah,penulis menemukan aspek I’jaz peradaban dalam Alquran pada ayat-ayat jihad.Suatu peradaban dapat terbentuk dengan konsep jihad yang bermakna dasar kesungguh-sungguhan.Hal ini terbukti dengan adanya peradaban Islam semenjak hadirnya sampai masa-masa dinasti Islam di abad pertengahan.Peradaban yang dibentuk Alquran berbeda dengan peradaban yang lainnya.Dengan teks Alquran, umat Islam mampu menciptakan peradaban yang maju.Hal ini senada dengan tesis Nasr Hamid Abu Zaid, bahwa peradaban Islam adalah “peradaban teks”.

This paper discusses one of the unique phenomena of the living Quran, which is the tradition of writing Basmalah every 1 Muharram at the Al-Mahrusiyah Islamic Boarding School Lirboyo Kediri, which is done 113 times on a piece of paper, individually, without being known to others, and without speaking. This study explains how the santri (students) of Pondok Pesantren Al-Mahrusiyah practice the Basmalah tradition, the basis of the practice, and how the tradition is understood. Using a descriptive phenomenological method, this paper finds: first, this practice is carried out in a series of events, such as the reading of the end and the beginning of the year prayers followed by the giving of ijazah, then the santri (students) practice this tradition individually. Second, the basis used by the santri (students) refers to the Kanzūl an-najāḥ wa surūr and Khazīnatu al-Asrār and Ḥasiyah Tafsīr al-Baiḍāwi books. Third, based on the reading of Frazer's theory, it can be found that: 1) from the aspect of the Law of nature: the tradition of writing basmalah is prayer and hope or an effort to protect one's self to God, 2) from the principle aspect: santri write basmalah on a paper by writing which is attributed to certain phenomena, 3) from the practice side: using a series of prayers, and consists of several taboos that must be avoided, such as not being allowed to speak while writing basmalah. Overall, the above phenomenon shows the function of the Qur'anic verse as lidaf'i-l-al-bala` (repelling reinforcements), tahsīn (fortress or protection), and jalbīl manāfi' (getting benefit).

This article aims to analyse the planning, implementation, and supervision of education and financing management at MTs Al-Hikmah Plandaan Jombang using qualitative research with a case study approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Furthermore, the analysis technique follows Hubberman's model, including reduction, presentation, and conclusion. The results are 1) All stakeholders are involved in the planning to improve the quality of education by using a novel approach to achieving the school's vision and goal. 2) The steps taken by MTs are to work together with all residents to improve madrasa performance by managing funds honestly, responsibly, and transparently. 3) Monitoring activities are appropriate because the internal and external assessment modifies the institution's progress.

The presence of technology, such as social media in cyberspace brings its own benefits to the terrorist groups. Terrorist groups use social media to recruit, influence, rally and invite as many people as possible to join them. Adolescent has become terrorist groups’ new target for their regeneration. The characteristics of adolescents who are looking for self-value and having an interest towards social media, makes them vulnerable to be targeted by terrorist groups. This research is a qualitative research with a case study method of four teenagers’ terrorists. This study aims to analyze how social media acts as an incubator of terrorism among Indonesian teenagers and to analyze how this phenomenon can be categorized as part of Hybrid warfare. The analytical techniques in this study are documentation studies from the news that spread across social media. This research shows that terrorist groups through social media provide anxiety narratives, and provide a role for teenagers to contribute through the path of jihad. To overcome this, the Indonesia government needs to place cyber terrorism in the framework of Hybrid warfare so that the weaponry components and strategies used can be holistic and multidimensional.

This study aimed to determine the implementation and development of CEFR-based nahwu and shorof learning evaluations at MA An-Nur Jagasatru Cirebon. The research methodology used is the research and development method. In the development of this research, we used the Rowntree model, which was consisted of three stages, namely the planning stage, the development stage, and the evaluation stage. The trial phase began with the validation of material experts and linguists. Then, after being revised, the product was tested on class X students, namely 8 students for testing prototype 1 and 21 students for testing prototype 2. The results showed that the average score of material experts was 85%, which meant the product was considered very good, and linguists 88%, which meant the product was considered very good. Then at the testing stage of prototype 1, an average score of 64.37, which meant the product was considered quite good, and at the testing stage of prototype 2, an average score of 74.71, which meant it was considered very good. Based on interviews with teachers, they obtained very good results. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the evaluation of nahwu and shorof learning based on CEFR is feasible and effective as an evaluation tool in nahwu and shorof learning, especially in MA An-Nur Jagasatru Cirebon.

The background of this research is the decline of religious culture among young people and students alike, then the influence of peer groups (Peer Group) was very strong in shaping the character of students for the need to optimize Peer groups in developing the religious culture of SMA Negeri 1 Pacet Mojokerto students. The focus of research in this study is 1) Optimization of Peer Group in developing the religious culture of SMA Negeri 1 Pacet Mojokerto students, 2) The constraints of optimizing Peer Group in developing the religious culture of students of SMA Negeri 1 Pacet Mojokerto. The method used is the descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques using direct observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis stage uses the Milles and Huberman method which is done through data reduction, data presentation, verification, and conclusions. Checking the validity of the data using triangulation techniques. The subjects of this study are the Principal, Islamic Religious Education Teachers, and Students as additional subjects, while the object is the Peer Group and religious culture. The results of this study note that the optimization of the Peer Group at SMA Negeri 1 Pacet Mojokerto in developing religious culture went smoothly. The constraints in optimizing Peer Group in SMA Negeri 1 Pacet Mojokerto in developing students' religious culture in the form of internal, external, and endogenous factors.

This study aims to explain how aspects and forms of vernacularization in Tafsir al-Ibriz li Ma'rīfati Tafsīr Qur'ān al-'Azīz by Bisri Mustofa. As an interpretation still being studied from the beginning until today, especially in pesantren in Java, Tafsir al-Ibriz occupies an important position in the community. This interpretation, completed in 1964, shows the form and aspects of the Qur'an's localization in the context of Javanese society. Based on library research and the descriptive-analytical method, this article indicates that Bisri Mustofa's vernacularization can be seen from two aspects: firstly, in terms of language or terms. Generally, the language used in the interpretation of al-Ibriz is the Javanese language and some terms for laypeople. Therefore, some local languages and terms appear, such as Rojo Koyo, Sathu Galak, and Celathu. From the aspect of vernacular, it can be said that Tafsir al-Ibriz describes the social context of Javanese Islam well at the time when this interpretation of the Qur'an was written.

This experimental research was motivated by the low Arabic learning motivation in class VIII MTsN 9 Bantul which was caused by the use of monotonous learning methods. This study aims to find out students' Arabic learning motivation after the application of Grammatical Hunting language educational game method and to compare the Arabic learning motivation of the experimental class and the control class. This study used a quasi-experimental research type. The sample of this research was students of class VIII B and VIII C of MTsN 9 Bantul Yogyakarta consisting of 60 students. Data were collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The results of this study indicated that: 1) The student's Arabic learning motivation increased after the application of Grammatical Hunting language educational game method based on the results of the paired sample t-test with a significance value of 0.000 0.05, Ha was accepted. 2) There was a significant difference in the learning motivation of the experimental class and the control class, based on the results of the independent sample t-test with a significance value of 2.042 ≥ 2.001, Ha was accepted. This method could increase students' motivation to learn Arabic. This study contributed to the use of varied learning methods, so that qawā'id learning would become an enjoyable learning.

Since Islam was accepted as the official religion of the Banjar kingdom, since then Islamic law also influenced the system of social norms and state administration. In its history, the existence of Islamic law has experienced ups and downs that are strongly influenced by social and political factors that occur in the South Kalimantan region. The role of the ulama, especially Sheikh Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari along with his descendants contributed greatly in shaping the contextual and localistic character of Islamic law. Which in some cases was different from what had been formulated by earlier jurists.

This study aims to offer an approach in changing fiqh to stay in line with the demands of the texts and, at the same time, to create benefits for Muslims in their lives. This research is entirely library research whose data sources are obtained from several sources, including the Tarikh Tasyri Tasyri written by Khudari Bek, Tarikh al-Mazahib al-Islamiyyah fi Tarikh of al-Mazahib al-Fiqhiyyah written by Abu Zahrah, and al-Ittihad al-Fiqhiyyah inda Ashab al-Hadis fi al-Qarni al-Tsalits al-Hijri by Abd al-Majid Mahmud Abd al-Majid, and several other sources relevant to the topic studied. The analysis technique used is content analysis, which is the only technique used in analyzing the information process. This research finds the fact that fiqh changes are a necessity to respond the social development as well as to create benefit for society. Efforts to change fiqh can be done by using a substantive understanding of the syara 'texts which are the basis and source of change. It is in these aspects does appear the importance of the role of substantive understanding in the process of legal changes, as a solution in responding to the current and future development of society.

Tulisan ini menyorot tradisi pembacaan surat al-Wa>qi’ah dan surat al-Mulk yang dilahirkan dari praktik-praktik komunal yang terjadi di daerah Blitar dimana di Pondok Pesantren Mamba’ul Hikam II Karanggayam, Srengat Blitar ini seluruh santri dibiasakan dan terbiasa mengikuti mujahadah yang rutin dilaksanakan setiap hari. Dalam mujahadah tersebut dilaksanakan pembacaan surat al-Wāqi‘ah dan surat al-Mulk. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif fenomenologis berdasarkan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi dengan analisis pembacaan menggunakan teori sosiologi pengetahuan Karl Mannheim, tulisan ini menemukan bahwa: pertama, tradisi pembacaan Alquran surat al-Wa>qi’ah dan al-Mulk ini dilaksanakan rutin setiap hari karena berkaitan dengan keutamaannya yang besar. Kegiatan pembacaan tersebut diawali dengan bacaan surat al-Fa>tihah sebagai bentuk tawassul. Kedua, pembacaan surat al-Wa>qi’ah dilaksanakan pada sore hari ba’da shalat ashar, dan pembacaan surat al-Mulk di waktu ba’da shalat Subuh. Ketiga, pembacaan terhadap ritual pembacaan surat al-Wa>qi’ah dan surat al-Mulk di pesantren ini menemukan tiga makna penting yakni, makna objektif, yakni bahwasa tradisi pembacaan surat al-Wa>qi’ah dan surat al-Mulk awalnya merupakan peraturan yang sudah ditetapkan sejak lama dengan tujuan ntuk mencetak santri-santri menjadi orang alim dan berilmu; makna ekspresif, dimana ada harapan mendapat kemudahan rezeki sehari-hari, terhindar dari siksa neraka dan mendapatkan ketenangan tersendiri bagi pelakunya; dan makna dokumenter, dimana amaliyah ini menjadi kebiasaan yang menjadikan santri lebih disiplin dalam melakukan aktifitas ritual keagamaan lain.

Ecological interpretation is an interpretation made with the object of Quranic verses related to ecological themes, using ecology-based scientific analysis, with a nuance of partiality towards environmental problems. The formulation of environmental preservation in the perspective of the Quran is a necessity, as conceived by Mujiyono Abdillah and Mudhofir Abdullah. This is related to the function of the Quran as a source of values in Islam that has a high concern for environmental problems. it could even be said to be an environmentally sound holy book. The method used in this paper is descriptive-analytical. This paper finds that: 1) Mujiyono Abdillah made an ecological interpretation as the basis for developing the concept of eco-theology in response to environmental problems. 2) Mudhofir Abdullah made ecological interpretation as the basis for developing eco-sharia concepts as an alternative solution to environmental problems.

This paper aims to analyze Muhammad Mahfūẓ al-Tarmasī’s concept of wali and karāma, as well as his response and position in the discourse on those issues. Drawing on historical, hermeneutics, and intertextual approach, it will elaborate his involvement in the 19th century discourse on wali and karāma, in which the Wahhabiyya’s strong influence in Mecca was taking place. In this sense, Mahfūẓ wrote a treatise on Sufism entitled Bughyat al-Adhkiyā’ fī Bahthi’an Karāmāt al-Awliyā’. Although he mastered on tasawwuf and possessed a genealogical chain to al-Ghazali, al-Qushairi and some other Sufis, he did not use their arguments. He preferred to quote the arguments of the jurists (fuqahā’), such as al-Subkī and al-Haytamī. This actually shows the strength of his work in compiling arguments using the “criticism from within” approach. He realized, to some extent, that criticism to Sufism mainly came from the jurists (fuqahā’). Therefore, in order to be easily accepted, criticizing critics needs to employ the same perspective, fuqahā’s arguments. In fact, Mahfūẓ criticism was not only directed at the jurists (fuqahā’) but also to the group which at that time were incessantly spreading the ideas delegitimizing Sufism (in the context of orthodoxy), Wahhabiyya. This can be seen clearly in the way of Mahfūẓ’s selection of figures and groups to whom he criticized. But interestingly, he delivered critics in a smooth way and did not show his finger directly to the nose of Wahhabiyya. [Tulisan ini merupakan analisis terhadap konsep wali dan karomah menurut Muhammad Mahfūẓ al-Tarmasi, serta respon dan posisinya dalam diskursus isu-isu tersebut. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan historis, hermeneutika, dan intertekstual, tulisan ini menjelaskan keterlibatannya dalam wacana abad 19 tentang wali dan karomah, di mana pengaruh kuat Wahhabiyya di Mekah tengah berlangsung. Untuk itu, Mahfūẓ menulis sebuah risalah tentang Sufisme berjudul Bughyat al-Adhkiyā’ fi Bahthi’an Karāmat al-Awliyā’. Meski ia menguasai tasawwuf dan memiliki silsilah spiritual yang sampai kepada beberapa Sufi kenamaan, namun dalam karyanya ini ia tidak menggunakan argumen-argumen mereka. Ia lebih suka mengutip argumen para ahli hukum (fuqahā’), seperti al-Subki dan al-Haytami. Ini merupakan salah satu kekuatan dari kepiawaiannya dalam menyusun argumen menggunakan pendekatan “critic from within” karena ia menyadari bahwa kritik terhadap tasawuf labih banyak berasal dari para fuqahā’. Oleh karena itu, agar mudah diterima, suatu kritik perlu menggunakan perspektif yang sama dengan sang pengkritik, dalam hal ini argumen fuqaha. Faktanya, kritik Mahfūẓ tidak hanya diarahkan pada para fuqahā’ tetapi juga kepada kelompok yang pada saat itu terus-menerus menyebarkan ide-ide delegitimasi tasawuf (dalam konteks ortodoksi), seperti Wahhabiyya. Ini dapat dilihat dengan jelas dari cara Mahfūẓ memilih tokoh dan kelompok yang ia kritik. Namun yang menarik, ia menyampaikan kritik dengan cara yang halus dan tidak secara explisit menunjuk langsung Wahhabiyya yang saat itu mulai berkuasa.]

Madrasas/schools that have certain advantages become choices, while those that are mediocre are increasingly being abandoned. In this situation, an effective madrasah competitive strategy will determine its competitiveness and survival. Based on this phenomenon, this study aims to uncover and find: (1) analysis of the internal and external environment of madrasas, and (2) strategies for increasing the competitiveness of madrasas. This research uses a case study type approach with a multi-site design. The research locus chosen was MI Ma'arif KH. Siddiq and MI Al-Hidayah Jember. Data collection techniques using interviews, observation, and documentation. The collected data is then analyzed simultaneously, both at single sites and across sites, with the following techniques: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. All data were tested for validity through: feasibility test, transferability test, dependability test, and confirmability test. The results of this study find that first, the external environment of MI in the region faces a situation of intense competition because there are many SD/MI in the vicinity with a relatively close distance. Internally, MI is perceived as a formal educational institution oriented to religious education. However, each MI has its own uniqueness which is capitalized as a source of their respective advantages. Second, improving the competitive strategy chosen by MI is strengthening morals, accelerating Al-Qur'an learning, optimizing academic and non-academic achievements, and standardizing infrastructure.

Abstract This paper examines the philosophical review of marriage in an Islamic perspective. Issues that are always actual and always interesting are explored, considering that this problem is not only about the nature and purpose of human life that is merely human. But it also touches on a noble and central institution, namely a community institution called household or family. This institution is a stronghold for the defense of human dignity and noble and most central moral values. With a philosophical approach, this paper finds that Islamic law is present not only to allow husband and wife relations, but to have a broader philosophical meaning, namely for the welfare of the people, both individually and in society, both for life in the world and in the hereafter. Community welfare will be achieved by creating prosperous family welfare. Because family is the smallest institution in society in a country. This means that people's welfare is very dependent on family welfare. Keyword: Marriage, Islamic Perspective, Philosophical, Family Abstrak Tulisan ini mengkaji tentang tinjauan filosofis perkawinan dalam perspektif Islam. Persoalan yang selalu aktual dan selalu menarik ditelurusi, mengingat permasalahn ini bukan hanya menyangkut tabiat dan hajat hidup manusia yang asasi semata. Tetapi juga menyentuh suatu lembaga yang luhur dan sentral yaitu sebuah lembaga masyarakat yang disebut dengan rumah tangga atau keluarga. Lembaga ini merupakan benteng bagi pertahanan martabat manusia dan nilai-nilai akhlak yan gluhur dan paling sentral. Dengan pendekatan filosofis, tulisan ini menemukan bahwa hukum Islam hadir bukan semata untuk membolehkan hubungan suami istri, namun memiliki makna filosofis yang lebih luas, yakni untuk kesejahteraan umat, baik secara perorangan maupun secara bermasyarakat, baik untuk hidup di dunia maupun di akhirat. Kesejahteraan masyarakat akan tercapai dengan terciptanya kesejahteraan keluarga yang sejahtera. Karena keluarga merupakan lembaga terkecil dalam masyarakat dalam sebuah Negara. Ini artinya kesejahteraan masyarakat sangat tergantung kepada kesejahteraan keluarga. Kata Kunci: Perkawinan, Perpsektif Islam, Filofosif, Keluarga

Langghar as two non-formal education institutions deserves to be maintained and developed. Among the aspects that need to be maintained is the method of traditional Islamic education in Langghar in order to always instill Islamic values from an early age. Whereas among the aspects that need to be developed are facilities and infrastructure so that the implementation of Islamic education in Langghar continues. The results show that: first, the method used in Langghar al-Hidayah is a collaborative method. The method used in Langghar al-Ikhwan is a traditional method. Second, the reason Langghar al-Hidayah still maintains the method because it is able to instill Islamic values in the santri, while the reason for the Langghar al-Ikhwan is because the method is able to educate students to memorize the basics of aqeedah, fiqh and morals. While the inhibiting factors are the same, namely the santri stops or is lazy to recite when he wants to continue his education to junior high school, the level of delinquency of the santri and the intelligence of the different santri. While the supporting factors are in Langgharal-Hidayah, namely the teacher's experience and the book used. Whereas in Langghar al-Ikhwan, there is a free teacher experience.[Langghar sebagai dua lembaga pendidikan nonformal layak untuk dipertahankan dan dikembangkan. Di antara aspek yang perlu dipertahankan adalah metode pendidikan Islam tradisional di Langghar agar senantiasa menanamkan nilai-nilai keislaman sejak dini. Sedangkan di antara aspek yang perlu dikembangkan adalah sarana dan prasarana agar pelaksanaan pendidikan Islam di Langghar tetap berjalan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: pertama, metode yang digunakan di Langghar al-Hidayah adalah metode kolaboratif. Adapun metode yang digunakan di Langghar al-Ikhwan adalah metode tradisional. Kedua, alasan Langghar al-Hidayah tetap mempertahankan metode tersebut karena mampu menanamkan nila-nilai keislaman dalam diri santri, sedangkan alasan Langghar al-Ikhwan karena metode tersebut mampu mendidik santri menghafal dasar-dasar akidah, fikih dan akhlak. Sedangkan faktor penghambatnya sama, yaitu santri berhenti atau malas mengaji ketika sudah mau melanjutkan pendidikan ke SMP, tingkat kenakalan santri dan kecerdasan santri yang berbeda. Sedangkan faktor pendukungnya yaitu kalau di Langgharal-Hidayah yaitu pengalaman guru dan kitab yang digunakan. Sedangkan di Langghar al-Ikhwan yaitu pengalaman gurudan gratis]

The epistemological thinking of ḥuḍûrî in Ḥikmat al-Ishrâqiyah Suhrawardî has provided a new direction for the development of Islamic knowledge. In the ontological perspective, the idea of illumination provides an understanding that there is an extensive range of realities, stretching indefinitely, which ultimately leads to the understanding of essentialism. Suhrawardî's success in bringing forth this illuminative thinking entails his profound mastery of philosophy and Sufism, as well as his high intelligence in formulating Islamic thought. The only solution to the problem of developing knowledge according to Suhrawardî, lies in the reality of ḥuḍûrî (knowledge with presence), in which there are many dialogues about 'subjects who know' or 'I am performative'. In this concept, oneself knows itself through the science of ḥuḍûrî (knowledge with presence), which is existentially identical to the form of 'oneself' itself.

This article aims to compare quantum learning, a new effective approach to education in the Western world, with the philosophy of Islamic education. There were three foci of the literature studied—the human aspect as both the subject and the object of the education, the learning environment, and the learning methodology. This paper is a study of relevant literature of quantum learning and the philosophy of Islamic education. The result of the comparison shows that conceptually the views of quantum learning as it pertains to human beings as both the subject and the object of the education, the learning environment, and learning methods have many similarities with the spirit of Islamic education. In could be viewed that philosophically, quantum learning has a strong foundation in Islamic eduation. Quantum learning is the concrete form of Islamic education, as developed by the Western perspective of education.

Islam sets the roles and relationship between husband and wife in the family in a balanced manner to create sakinah, mawadah, and rahmah (peaceful, loving, and compassionate) family. A lot of people often underestimate the role of a wife in a family. This paper examined the Masturah (rather than putting Arabic words, it would be better to write the meaning of the Masturah) as the education program for wife in the family of Tablighi Jamaat in Temboro village, Magetan, East Java, Indonesia. This research used a qualitative approach where the data were collected, applying interviews with various family members of the Tablighi Jamaat. The research results show that the Masturah is a closed and private education strategy for a wife (the Masturah) in the families of Tablighi Jamaat, which is performed in the house with religious training and practice. Second, the purpose of the Masturah is to prepare the role of wife as mu’allimah and muta’alimah, daiyah, and a’bidah (teacher and student, preacher, and worshiper). Third, the Masturah helps to increase Iman (the belief in Allah (the practice in worship, appreciation in practicing Islamic religion, improving the knowledge in Islamic teaching, and the increase of motivation in religion and preaching. This research has implications for the importance of religious education for wives to support their husbands' da'wah activities and children's education at home.

The Study on munāsabah occupies an important position in the study of the Koran. Al-Biqā'î is one of the scholars who give a very large portion of the theory of munāsabah. Al-Biqā'î divides munāsabah into two major groups, namely, between surah (chapters) and between ayat (verses). With an exploratory-descriptive method, this paper will specifically explore logical pattern of munāsabah between surah according to al-Biqa'i with a comprehensive example. The findings of this paper are based on: first, there are four possible patterns of munāsabah between surah according to al-Biqa'i. The four patterns are munāsabah between surah’ names and its content, munāsabah between surah and basmalah, munāsabah between the initial description of the surahs and munāsabah between the end of the surah and the other surah. Second, al-Biqa'i in applying a munāsabah theory is quite consistent across patterns; from the first, second, third, and fourth patterns. Third, Munāsabah occupies a very important position because it is able to explain the unity and close relationship that exists between one surah and another while also emphasize the oneness of the Qur'anic themes.

Epistemologi dalam tradisi tasawuf memiliki karakter yang intuitif, metafisik dan illuminatif. Salah satu bentuk epistemologi tasawuf imam al-Ghazali adalah kasyf. Pengetahuan kasyf merupakan pengetahuan tertinggi dalam pandangan imam al-Ghazali. Pengetahuan kasyf merupakan bentuk pengintuisian yang melibatkan jiwa, hati dan akal. Menurut imam al-Ghazali, pengintuisian melalui jalan kasyf merupakan limpahan dari Allah swt. Tetapi, seseorang yang mengalami pengintuisian ini apabila jiwa dan hatinya bersih. Selain itu akal yang mengalami pengintuisian ini adalah bukan akal diskursif dalam pengertian biasa. Tetapi bagi imam al-Ghazali ada bagian akal yang dalam disebut intellektus. Jiwa yang mengalami kasyf ia mendapatkan pengalaman spiritual hingga kondisi jiwanya itu berada pada posisi tinggi. Pengetahuan yang dimiliki dan masuk ke dalam jiwa menjadi pengetahuan yang tinggi pula. Melihat realitas dunia tidak seperti pandangan mata orang awam dalam kesadaran biasa. Sehingga pemahaman tauhidnya juga berbeda dengan pemahaman tauhid orang biasa. Seorang yang mendapatkan limpahan kasyf ini disebut muqarrabun. Melihat alam tidak seperti orang biasa melihat alam. Ia mendapatkan penemuan-penemuan pada tiga aspek. Penemuan hal (perasaan), penemuan kognitif (ilmu) dan penemuan tertinggi yaitu penemuan berupa pengintuisian terhadap kewujudan. Pada penemuan kognitif ini kasyf dapat difungsikan sebuah sebuah metode pengetahuan. Ia melalui beberapa fase. Fase pertama melibatkan ilmu rasional-empirik, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan proses intuitif sehingga sampai mencapai hakikat sejati. Berarti perspektif dalam tasawuf imam al-Ghazali memerlukan pengkajian ilmu sains (thabi’iyyat), dan ilmu thabi’iyyat harus ditimbang sebagai wasilah pada puncak tauhid. Epistemologi harus didasarkan pada teologi.

The Shi’a minority encounters different kind of treatments from the Sunni majority in several regions in Indonesia; some falls into series of violent discriminative conflicts, while the other live in peace. The Sampang Shi’a community has encountered the first kind of treatments, whereas the Shi’a community in Yogyakarta is able to get a safe environment. The disjuncture comes from the different policies enacted by the respective regional governments. This study tries to describe the differences of the policies from the regional governments and uncover the factors structuring them. In doing so, this qualitative study approaches the issue through a case study using the theory of conflict proposed by Ralf Dahrendorf and functional theory of Lewis A. Coser. This study finds some factors leading to the different form of treatments of Sunnī majority towards the Shi’a minorities of Sampang and Yogyakarta, including: social, cultural, political, economic, and some other external factors. Furthermore, it also suggets that to cope with the discrimination issue towards the minority, the government could consider to implement the politics of multiculturalism proposed by Charles Taylor.

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على مفهوم التسويق عبر الهاتف لكونه أحد أهم الموضوعات التي عادة مايتم الاغفال عنها من قبل منظماتنا لكون معظمها لا يزال يعمل بالطريقة التقليدية، والهدف العملي الآخر هو قياس العلاقة بين التسويق عبر الهاتف المحمول والمستخدمين الشباب باستخدام ادوات التحليل الإحصائية. تعتبر هذه الدراسة مهمة لكونها تتعامل مع أحد الموضوعات الحيوية في الوقت الحاضر والا وهي: كيفية تمكين استخدام التسويق عبر الهاتف المحمول في بيئتنا وعلاقته بقبول المستخدمين الشباب للتقنيات الحديثة للتسويق. لتحقيق أهداف الدراسة ، تم توزيع 87 استمارة استبيان على عينة عشوائية من مستخدمي الهواتف المحمولة ، وبعد ذلك قمنا بتحليل النتائج على برنامج SPSS ، وتم اختبار العلاقة بين كل من متغيرات الدراسة. يمكن تلخيص مشكلة البحث بأسئلة البحث التالية: هل يشعر جميع المستهلكين الشباب بالرضا تجاه إعلانات التسويق عبر الأجهزة المحمولة المستمرة التي يتم عرضها على هواتفهم المحمولة؟ هل تساعد إعلانات التسويق عبر الأجهزة المحمولة المستهلكين على اتخاذ قرار شراء صحيح؟ هل تساهم إعلانات التسويق عبر الأجهزة المحمولة في اقناع المستهلكين الشباب بتغيير قرار الشراء الخاص بهم من منتج إلى آخر؟ وانتهت الدراسة بمجموعة من الاستنتاجات ، أهمها وجود علاقة معنوية بين التسويق عبر الهاتف المحمول والمستهلكين الشباب. بناءً على الاستنتاجات التي توصلت إليها الدراسة ، تم التوصل إلى مجموعة من التوصيات، اهمها ضرورة اهتمام جميع الشركات ببناء بنية تحتية لإعلانات الهواتف المحمولة مرضية، لأن الهواتف المحمولة هي أسهل طريقة للبقاء على اتصال مع المستهلكين في الوقت الحاضر. وتحتاج الشركات إلى استخدام إعلانات موثوقة يتم عرضها للمستهلكين المستهدفين مصحوبة بتجارب حقيقية في استخدام المنتج أو الخدمة.

In contemporary Islamic thought, religious pluralism has been a discourse that many Moslem scholars have introduced to the Islamic community. One of the scholars is Dr. Farid Esack, a South African exegete who is also well-known as a human right activist. Brought up under an apartheid regime ruling South Africa, Esack is of a certain opinion that religion should function to struggle against any unjust order. To make a radical and fundamental change, according to Esack, there is no way but to constructively reinterpret religious discourse and role so as to be a tool of liberation. Using yet controversial a hermeneutical analysis on the Qur'an, Farid Esack raises the idea of pluralism dealing critically with the struggle against oppression and toward liberation for South Africa.

The study of political bias in Quranic commentary is of great interest following the contexts that led to its emergence. The verse of the Qur'an is often used as a legitimation of understanding in religious discourse. The study of al-Qummi's commentary explains how the verses of the Qur'an are understood in such a way by a person living in the certain context to favor the Shi'a school and attack its opponents. It also explains how the interpretation becomes a field of meaning contestation. This tendencies were found in al-Qummi commentary on Alu Imran and al-Nisa’ Surahs. The presence of such a biased interpretation can not be separated from the author's cultural and social political context as he lives in the midst of contests, rivalries and political intrigues of Muslim groups in a particular era in history. [Kajian tentang bias politik dalam tafsir Al-Quran sangat menarik dilakukan terkait konteks yang menyebabkan kemunculannya. Ayat Al-Qur'an sering digunakan sebagai legitimasi pemahaman dalam wacana agama. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan historis dan komparatif, studi terhadap tafsir al-Qummi ini menemukan bagaimana ayat-ayat Al Qur'an dipahami sedemikian rupa oleh seseorang yang hidup dalam konteks tertentu untuk mendukung madzhab Syiah dan menyerang lawan-lawan politik. Penafsiran yang demikian berbeda dengan Al-Qur ’an dan Tafsirnya karya dari Tim Kementerian Agama. Studi juga menemukan bagaimana tafsir al-Quran menjadi medan kontestasi makna antar kelompok. Kecenderungan ini ditemukan dalam penafsiran al-Qummi tentang surah Ali Imran dan al-Nisa’. Kemunculan interpretasi yang bias seperti itu tidak dapat dipisahkan dari konteks budaya dan sosial politik al-Qummi ketika ia hidup di tengah-tengah persaingan dan intrik politik antara kelompok Muslim di era tertentu dalam sejarah Islam.]