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Stroke is a cause of death and disability in the world. Animal research needs animal models that are as similar as possible to the pathophysiological processes that occur in humans. The established ischemic stroke model is the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. The creation of this model requires sophisticated equipment and precision. Our study aims to describe the MCAO modeling procedure using simple tools and to identify causes of death. Creation of ischemic stroke animal models with MCAO procedure with simple equipment and using monofilament nylon suture 4.0 to clog the middle cerebral artery and reperfusion for 90 minutes. Neurological deficits are clinically tested with Bederson parameters after one hour of MCAO. 2.3.5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining was performed to determine the area of infarction after 24 hours of MCAO. The histological picture is examined with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Two rats succeeded in modeling ischemic stroke, two rats failed in modeling ischemic stroke, two rats died during preparation, four rats died during surgery, and 10 rats died several hours after occlusion. The most common cause of death was bleeding from 4.0 nylon sutures, which are too long to pass through the middle cerebral artery, thereby puncturing the blood vessels. When creating a model of ischemic stroke, it is essential to consider the elements that contribute to rat failure and death.

This research aims to test and analyze the influence of Shariah Governance and Leverage on Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility. The population in this study consisted of 14 Sharia Commercial Banks in Indonesia, with a sample of 10 Sharia Commercial Banks obtained using the purposive sampling method. The research methodology used is quantitative with the analytical tool used is panel data regression with Eviews 10 software. Research findings show that Sharia Governance significantly affects Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The implementation of sharia governance expands the disclosure of Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility (ICSR). However, Leverage does not affect Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility. The lack of leverage impact as measured by the total debt-to equity ratio is caused by Islamic banking, both with high and low levels of leverage, still revealing Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility as measured by the Islamic Social Reporting Index (SRI). as a means of fulfilling information needs for customers. It represents man's accountability to God and, aims to gain legitimacy from God as an ultimate goal.

Among four skills in the Arabic learning, speaking skill is the most passive skill in Arabic learning, especially in Indonesia. The role of teacher and students is the main key in the success of Arabic learning especially in speaking skills. In this research, a phenomenological qualitative research method was used to find out the description and identification of Arabic learning strategies with a focus on freedom thinking and communication. The data of this study were obtained from literature-based descriptive analysis and student response in interviews. The student response data was obtained from distributing questionnaires related to FT-CODING learning strategies. The result showed that FT-CODING strategy is efficient in improving student’s speaking skills because it focuses on freedom thinking and communication with balanced roles between teachers and students. It was in line with the behavioral theory by John B. Watson that language learning is a form of stimulus and response. It was also supported by the semiotic theory by Ferdinand De Saussure that the meaning of language is obtained directly from signfier. Furthermore, this article was expected to examine quantitatively regarding the implementation of the FT-CODING strategy in a specific school level.

This study aims to verify the authenticity of the two translations of the digital Qur’an into the Indonesian language, its suitability, and its translation comparison of two digital Qur’ans. The researcher relied on the qualitative descriptive approach by pragmatically translating the digital Quran. The primary source of this study is https://quran.kemenag.go.id/ and https://kalam.sindonews.com/quran. The study concluded that the two digital Qurans have a correct translation, but some translation errors must be noted and modified. The two digital Qurans did not have a certificate of correction from the Qur’an Correction Committee at the Ministry of Religious Affairs. They did not contain information to document the authenticity of the Quran texts, and the translation reference was referred to as a printed and published source. Digital matters may be deleted and hidden due to electricity, network, or device, so it must have relied on a printed Qur’an.

The objectives of this study are 1) to describe the fact of inequality of Arabic subjects in the curriculum as a compulsory subject at the upper secondary education level, 2) to determine the inequality factors of Arabic subjects in the general education curriculum, and 3) to determine the implications of inequality in Arabic as the main subject. Graduates of general education who proceed to Islamic religious universities often encounter challenges in mastering Arabic. This may occur due to the absence of Arabic language subjects during their high school years, compounded by Arabic not being a mandatory component of the general education curriculum. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive research method. Data collection techniques include literature studies, and data analysis used are content analysis. The findings indicate that Arabic is not designated as a core subject in the national education curriculum for secondary education, highlighting the unequal treatment of Arabic within the Indonesian education system. This disparity's repercussion is evident in the challenges encountered by high school graduates when pursuing Arabic studies at Islamic Religious Colleges, stemming from struggles in grasping the fundamentals of the Arabic language. Arabic language learning in general education is only an elective subject in private schools affiliated with religious organizations. This results in students facing challenges in acquiring knowledge in Arabic and grappling with the complexities of learning Islam, particularly for Muslim students.

This qualitative research elaborates that Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) is Indonesia's most prominent Islamic organization, contributing to the green pesantren. This article also explores NU's change, challenge, and contribution through Pesantren in environmental and ecological issues. The primary data in this research methodology are interviews and documents. The secondary data includes other resources that are relevant to this research, such as articles, books, and news. This research shows that NU, through the Green Pesantren program, is trying to contribute to being part of the problem solver on environmental, ecological, and climate change issues. This article also explains green pesantren as an answer to the debate about the relationship between Islam, ecology, and the environment. The concern of green pesantrenis is not only in the teaching and learning aspects of Islamic doctrine and individual piety but also in today's environmental, ecological, and human problems. In this context, the roles and functions of kiai, pesantren students, and alums in addressing environmental and ecological issues are multifaceted. They combine education, community engagement, religious perspectives, advocacy, practical solutions, and role modeling to effect meaningful change and contribute to a more sustainable future.

The purpose of this study is to answer the thesis presented by Luxenberg. He states that the Qur'an is not Arabic. He assumes that the Qur'an has errors in its writing. The letters develop and are not by the beginning of its revelation. The tradition that changed from memorized tradition to written tradition also has a high possibility of being wrong, according to Luxenberg. This research uses the theory of interpretation criticism because what Luxenberg states as an orientalist is very different from the Islamic scientific tradition. The data analysis in this research uses literature data. Luxenberg's statement was analyzed and criticized using Islamic science and Palaeography. By using the theory and data analysis, it is established that Luxenberg's thesis is erroneous because the wrong writing of the Qur'an will never happen, either with the paleographic study presented by Luxenberg or with the study of the History of the Qur'an from the time of the Prophet until codification.

Inquiry learning is a strategy student-centered learning as the subject of learning itself in Arabic subjects, especially reading skills (maharah al-qiro'ah. The students expectedly are able to read correctly and understand the content of the reading. In Arabic learning, there are four maharah (skills), including maharah al-qiro'ah, maharah al-kalam, maharah al-kitabah, maharah al-istima'. In this article, maharah al-qiro'ah was discussed, which focused on reading skills and also text understanding. Primary data sources in this research included interviews with teachers or instructors involved in maharah al-qira'ah using the inquiry method. Secondary data sources in this research encompassed books and literature related to maharah al-qira'ah learning and the inquiry method, scientific journals discussing the inquiry-based learning strategy in the context of Arabic language learning. Semi-structured interviews was involved in data collection techniques with teachers and learners, direct observation to document learning practices in the classroom and document analysis. Data analysis techniques used in this research included transcription of interviews and observation notes. The results showed that Inquiry learning was able to make the students active and think critically and independently. This research provided insights into the exploration and adaptation of the Inquiry learning method for Maharah al-Qiro'ah, offering a structured approach for teachers to enhance students' reading skills and comprehension, thus facilitating their ability to extract the main ideas from what they read. Additionally, this article emphasized the importance of methodological diversity in teaching, which can enhance student engagement and lead to better learning outcomes.

The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between ability to pronounce Arabic letters and Imla' ablity in first grade students of SMP Ma'had Tahfizul Qur'an Fajar Islam Tanjung Morawa. The method used is a quantitative approach with a correlation method and the data analysis method uses statistical data with the Product Moment formula to find the results of the study. The result is that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted and the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected. That is, there is a correlation between ability to pronounce Arabic letters and Imla’ ability in first grade students of SMP Ma'had Tahfizul Qur'an Fajar Islam Tanjung Morawa with a correlation value of 0.765 which shows a strong and unidirectional correlation.

Abstract. This study aims to determine the Education Personnel Management Effectiveness ofat State Senior High School For Islamic Studies (MAN) 2 Mandailing Natal, namely: 1) employee planning, 2) employee procurement, 3) coaching and staffing, 4) promotion and transfer, 5) employee termination, 6) compensation, and 7) employee evaluation and development management of Education Personnel at MAN 2 Mandailing Natal. The approach used in this research is a qualitative approach. The place that became the object of this research was Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) 2 Mandailing Natal, which is located on Jl. Teuku Umar Pasar III Natal, Natal District. The results of the study show that: The required staff planning is adjusted to the required students. Therefore, before preparing a plan, it is necessary to carry out a job analysis and job analysis to obtain a job description (an overview of the tasks and work to be carried out). Procurement of employee educators always conforms to the plan that has been prepared by the Head of Madrasah and staff at the madrasah for procuring staff themselves must go through a recruitment process, oral exams, written exams, and practical exams, so far the procurement of teaching staff has only used exams writing and studying. The development of employee education staff at MAN 2 Mandailing Natal must always be specifically related to the development and career paths of teaching staff according to the category of each type of teaching staff themselves. Promotion, transfer, dismissal, compensation and evaluation of employees always refer to the rules that are in accordance with the provisions.

Bahasa Arab terdiri dari beberapa huruf, bentuk, susunan dan dalil-dalil. Sorof terdiri dari jamid, musytak, isim dam fiil, dan fiil terdiri dari fiil madi, mudhorik dan amar. Dan dari pembagian huruf-huruf ada yang dinamkan huruf yang mengikut {harfu tawabi’} yaitu naat, athof, taukid dan badal. Di dalam surah an=Nisa’ terdapat beberapa huruf athof. Adapun tujuan peneliti membahas masalah ini ialah untuk mengetahui hut=ruf athof yang terdapat di dalam surah an-Nisa’ ayat 1-100 dan mengetahui makna-makna nya. Adapun jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pustaka. Sumber datanya diambil dari buku-buku yang berkaitan dengan judul dan metode mengumpulkan datanya ialah dengan mengumpulkan buku-buku yang berkaian dengan pembahasan kemudian menganalisanya. Adapun jenis penelitian ini ialah penelitian deskriptif. Adapun sesudah peneliti membahas tentang judul analisis huruf athof pada surah an-Nisa’ peneliti mengambil kesimpulan jumlah huruf athof yang terdapat dalam surah an-Nisa’ ayat 1-100 dengan huruf athof wa terdapat di 79 ayat dengan huruf athof 206, fa terdapat di 23 ayat dengan huruf athof 29, Au terdapat di 14 ayat dengan huruf athof 22, dan Tsumma terdapat di 4 ayat dengan huruf athof 4. Adapun makna nya ialah wa bimakna لمطلق الجمع, fa bimakna للترتيب والتعقيب, Tsumma bimakna للترتيب والتراخى dan Au bimakna للتخيير. Adapun jumlah huruf athof di surah an-Nisa’ ayat 1-100 adalah 261

This paper aims to understand the existence of Kedatuan Sawitto particularly its historical development and its social and political role in the XVI-XVII Century. To discuss this problem, the researchers used historical research methods that are based on data collection which include: heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results showed that the XVI century AD was the heyday of Kedatuan Sawitto. At the beginning of the sixteenth century the Kedatuan Sawitto succeeded in establishing a strong and influential maritime force on the western coast of Sulawesi Island. Kedatuan Sawitto succeeded in conquering a number of areas on the west coast of the Sulawesi and several areas in the inland Sulawesi. Among the conquered territories were Bonto-Bonto, Bantaeng, Segeri, Lemo-Lemo, Passokkoreng, Baroko, Toraja, Mamuju, Kaili and Toli-Toli. The control of the area is of course for economic interests, namely to control shipping and trade along the western coast of the Sulawesi. The glory of Kedatuan Sawitto ended when the Kedatuan Sawitto was conquered by the Gowa kingdom which replaced the position of the Kedatuan Sawitto as the controller of shipping and trade on the west coast of Sulawesi. Keywords: History; Kedatuan Sawitto; XVI-XVII Century الملخص تهدف هذه الورقة إلى تحديد وجود Kedatuan Sawitto في القرنين السادس عشر والسابع عشر ، لا سيما التنمية والدور الاجتماعي والسياسي لكيداتوان ساويتو. لمناقشة هذا الأمر ، يستخدم المؤلفون أساليب البحث التاريخية التي تستند إلى جمع البيانات ، بما في ذلك: الاستدلال والنقد والتفسير والتأريخ. أظهرت النتائج أن القرن السادس عشر الميلادي كان ذروة مملكة ساويتو. في بداية القرن السادس عشر ، نجحت مملكة ساويتو في تأسيس قوة بحرية قوية ومؤثرة على الساحل الغربي لجزيرة سولاويزي. تمكنت Kedatuan Sawitto من احتلال عدد من المناطق على الساحل الغربي لجزيرة سولاويزي والعديد من المناطق في الداخل. من بين الأراضي المحتلة كانت بونتو بونتو ، وبانتاينج ، وسيجيري ، وليمو ليمو ، وباسوكورينج ، وباروكو ، وتوراجا ، وماموجو ، وكايلي ، وتولي تولي. السيطرة على المنطقة لأغراض اقتصادية ، وهي السيطرة على الشحن والتجارة على طول الساحل الغربي لجزيرة سولاويزي. انتهت ذروة مجد مملكة ساويتو عندما غزاها مملكة غوا التي حلت محل مملكة ساويتو بصفتها المتحكم في الشحن والتجارة على الساحل الغربي لسولاويزي. كلمات مفتاحية: التاريخ؛ كيداتوان ساويتو القرنين السادس عشر والسابع عشر. ABSTRAK Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui eksistensi Kedatuan Sawitto Abad XVI-XVII khususnya perkembangan dan peran sosial dan politik Kedatuan Sawitto. Untuk membahas hal tersebut, maka peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah yang mendasarkan diri pada pengumpulan data, meliputi: heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa abad XVI Masehi menjadi periode kejayaan Kedatuan Sawitto. Pada permulaan abad XVI Kedatuan Sawitto berhasil membentuk kekuatan maritim yang kuat dan berpengaruh di pesisir barat Pulau Sulawesi. Kedatuan Sawitto berhasil menaklukkan sejumlah wilayah di pesisir barat Pulau Sulawesi dan beberapa wilayah di pedalaman. Di antara wilayah taklukkan tersebut adalah Bonto-Bonto, Bantaeng, Segeri, Lemo-Lemo, Passokkoreng, Baroko, Toraja, Mamuju, Kaili dan Toli-Toli. Penguasaan wilayah tersebut untuk kepentingan ekonomi yakni mengontrol pelayaran dan perdagangan di sepanjang pesisir barat Pulau Sulawesi. Puncak kejayaan Kedatuan Sawitto tersebut berakhir ketika ditaklukkan oleh Kerajaan Gowa yang menggantikan posisi Kedatuan Sawitto sebagai pengontrol pelayaran dan perdagangan di pesisir barat Sulawesi.

This research based on the problems about learning evaluation in which was less attractive because it had not used evaluation instruments based on technology, especially the learning process during the Covid 19 outbreak. The purpose of this study was to develop an evaluation of Arabic learning for SMK in the form of an objective test based on Kahoot application during the Covid-19 outbreak. This research data were obtained from the interviews and students' responses to the evaluation. The interviews were conducted with groups of students as participants in the study, meanwhile, students' responses were confirmed to 32 students. The findings of this study indicated that the Arabic language objective test evaluation instrument by using the kahoot application was very feasible. 94% according to design experts, 96% according to material experts, 96% according to media experts. The results of the product effectiveness trial of the objective test evaluation instrument based on the kahoot application were 86% for one to one learner, 90% for the small group test, 88% for the field trial test. The development of an Arabic evaluation in the form of an objective test based on the Kahoot application during the Covid-19 outbreak had a significant effect on the evaluation of Arabic and could make students more active, independent and feel comfortable in the evaluation process. In line with that, this paper suggested the need for teacher and institutional involvement in solving the problem of community limitations in online learning evaluation.

This article aims to discuss the transformation of Islamic law in Indonesia. This research is qualitative in the form of a literature study with a political-law approach. The idea of this paper is based on a misunderstanding of Islamic law and Islamic law and fiqh. Issues related to the debate on the application of Islamic law in the contemporary era also contribute to thoughts in this paper. This paper concludes that the transformation of Islamic law into national law is a difficult task. This is because Indonesia is a multi-cultural, multi-ethnic, and multi-religious country. The most important reason is due to the variety of Muslim understanding of religious texts

The spread of radicalism-intolerance has entered into the recesses of the life of Indonesian people, especially in education field. This article aims to explore the facts of radicalism-intolerance at high school level in two major cities in Indonesia, Surabaya and Jakarta, and to analyze educational policies related to schools’ responses towards the phenomenon of radicalism. The data are collected by surveying and interviewing the leading figures of the Education and Culture Office of Surabaya and of Jakarta, high school principals, and high school teachers in Surabaya and Jakarta. The obtained data are then analyzed through focus group discussions (FGD) and logical thinking to find and analyze the subject matter in accordance with the focus of this study. The results show that (1) the indications of radicalism-intolerance had entered high school even though this remains at low level, (2) school managers, principals, and teachers had remarkable concerns and thorough vigilance towards their students exposed to radicalism- intolerance along with the rise of such a phenomenon in social and print media, and (3) the Ministry of Education and Culture firmly had not made so-called antiradicalism education policies as outlined in the blueprint of a curriculum.

This research aims to analyze the judge's considerations in granting dispensation for child marriage in the Religious Courts Class I.B Blora (the case number 153/Pdt.P/2019/PA.Bla). This research is qualitative using a normative approach. Data were obtained through a review of several case examination documents, books, articles, journals, and regulations related to the research topic. According to the prevailing regulation, the age limit for marriage for both men and women is 19 years. If the man and woman have not reached the specified age, the family is allowed to apply for a marriage dispensation to the Court. This study found that the judge's considerations in deciding the case were based on the concept of sadd al-zari'ah (closing the path of evil). This is because in the case submitted there is two conflicting badness. First, the badness of early marriage relates to the health condition of the prospective bride and groom, which includes the health of reproductive organs, pregnancy, the expected child, and the possibility of a break in the household. Second, the bad impact that arises if the dispensation application was rejected, the two prospective brides continue to be involved in adultery. Of the two bad impacts, adultery is far worse. Based on the sadd al-dzarî'ah, the judge, therefore, granted the dispensation request.

The lesson plan was a stage of instruction that regulates learning activities in the classroom that can have a positive impact on students' abilities in certain subjects. The purpose of this study was to identify the need for lesson plans in essay writing courses through the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. The study used a qualitative approach through the descriptive method. Participants were students in the 3rd semester of 2020/2021 and lecturer. It was conducted in Arabic Language Education at the State University of Jakarta. Data is taken from the document, interview, and questionnaire. The data analysis process used data reduction, data display, and taking a conclusion. The results show that the lesson plans that have been made still have weaknesses and do not meet the Arabic language mastery standards from the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages ​​(CEFR) standards. However, the results of the study have implications for the level of understanding of the lecturer related to the concept of a lesson plan that must be designed to suit the needs of students, the current situation, and also students' understanding of each mastery of the material being studied.

The "Tekwe" method is a unique method of learning Arabic that is applied in Kampung Arab. This study aims to reveal and explain the "Tekwe" method in learning Arabic in the Arabic language course community. The research method used in this research is qualitative research with a case study approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, which were then analyzed using qualitative analysis. Interviews were conducted with the head of the Al-Istiqomah Islamic Boarding School, several teachers, students, and the community. The subjects in the study were the Head of the Islamic Boarding School, teachers, and students. The results of this study are that the Arab Village of Kebumen (KAK) is implemented by students who study in the Arab Village of Kebumen (KAK) and must live in a "mask or homestay" for 14 days following learning activities. The curriculum is designed to use the "Tekwe" Method; creativity in Arabic language learning focuses on communication; teachers are creative in choosing materials and strategies and using media. The head of the Islamic boarding school involves the local community in learning Arabic, carrying out social activities with the community in Arabic, and encouraging the community to speak Arabic with students and teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify the positive and negative sides of the applied Arabic learning media in Indonesia. The State University of Malang (UM) was chosen as a sample learning model since it has been a well-known university for the Arabic language and has considerable attention to Arabic language issues in Indonesia. This study was designed with quantitative and evaluative methods in the data display and analysis of this study. The researcher collected the research data by distributing questionnaires to both lecturers and students of the State University of Malang with regard to the learning media used, then the researchers evaluated the Arabic learning facilities with the Arabic learning communication approach to non-Arabic and applied the quantitative evaluative method. The results of the analysis concluded that the use of Arabic learning media at the UM Malang reflects both positive and negative sides.

Abstract: One of the teaching methods applied by the teacher to increase students’ creativity is the recitation method. The population of this study was all students who sat in class II SMP 29 Al-Washliyah Medan and the sample of this study was 55 people. The techniques that used in processing data and analyzing the data in this study were to use the Chi Square test (X2) technique or formula and the contingency correlation (KK) data analysis technique. The findings in the results of this study are as follows: the value of the research price is greater than the critical value or price, which is 21.07, while the price of the criticism table is 13.3 with a 99% confidence interval and a 1% significance level. And the strength of the influence after being calculated through the Contingency Correlation formula is 0.526, and according to the Contingency Choreal interpretation rules if the value of KK = 0.526 means that the influence strength of variable X on variable Y is moderate.

This article is entitled Public Trust in Mitoni Rituals Viewed From Islamic Aqidah (Study in Rejosari Village, Muara Sugihan District, Banyuasin District) Mitoni ritual is a ritual that is held in the seventh month of pregnancy of the first child. The purpose of the mitoni ritual is so that the baby is in the womb. and pregnant women always get safety and smoothness until the time of delivery. This type of research is field research. There are two types of data in this research, namely primary data and secondary data. The primary data of this study are the main data, namely the community. Rejosari Village, which includes the village head, village traditional leaders, religious leaders and the Rejosari village community. Meanwhile, secondary data is a variety of literature and documents related to this research such as books, internet and thesis. From the results of the author's analysis, it can be concluded that the people of Rejosari Village, Muara Sugihan Kebup District aten Banyuasin, still strongly believes in the mitoni ritual. This is because the people of Rejosari village still believe that the mitoni ritual is a sacred ritual, so they are afraid to leave or ignore the ritual, because unwanted things will happen, such as death. Meanwhile, in the review of Islamic Aqidah, there is actually no prohibition against implementing mitoni, because there is not a single verse of the Al-Qur'an and Hadith that prohibits mitoni.

ABSTRACT - This study aims to empirically explore and analyze the effects of profitability, liquidity, solvency, and firm size on the rate of returns of Islamic stocks in Indonesia. A total of 30 companies registered in the Jakarta Islamic Index were selected as samples of the study using purposive sampling techniques during the 2013-2017 period and estimated using the panel model of Generalized Least Square (GLS). This study found evidence of a positive and significant effect of profitability on the Islamic stock returns, while liquidity, solvency, and company size were documented to insignificant in affecting the Islamic stock returns. The results of this study imply that to gain a maximum rate of returns, investors should pay attention to the profitability gained by the companies listed on the Islamic stock market. ================================================================================================== ABSTRAK – Apa yang Menentukan Tingkat Pengembalian Saham Syariah di Indonesia? Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh profitabilitas, likuiditas, solvabilitas, dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap tingkat pengembalian saham syariah di Indonesia. Sebanyak 30 perusahaan yang terdaftar di Jakarta Islamic Index dipilih sebagai sampel dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling selama periode 2013-2017 dan diestimasi dengan model panel Generalized Least Square. Penelitian ini menemukan bukti bahwa profitabilitas berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap tingkat pengembalian saham syariah, sedangkan likuiditas, solvabilitas, dan ukuran perusahaan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat pengembalian saham syariah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa untuk memaksimumkan tingkat pengembalian, investor harus memperhatikan keuntungan yang diperolehi perusahaan yang terdaftar di pasar saham syariah.

Nowadays, Muslims has been exposed to the increasing number of waqf practice and the importance of waqf to the society due to the huge benefits in the socio-economic development and assist the poor and those in need. However, there is a lack of accounting system and systematic management of waqf assets and the absence of written procedures of recording financial transactions of waqf assets. The purpose of this research is to identify the range of differences of waqf accounting practice in details and discover the rationale behind the diverse of accounting and reporting practices for waqf. It examines accounting and reporting practices in terms of recognition, measurement and disclosure in eleven selected state waqf institutions. It provides an insightful meaning of the issues and challenges on how accounting is practice in these State Islamic Religious Councils (SIRCs). From the analysis conducted, it is found that the financial accounting and reporting related to waqf in SIRCs differs in terms of the guideline used, the recognition and measurement (valuation of waqf asset) as well as the disclosure and reporting practice of waqf. The variations of accounting and reporting practices in these waqf institutions portray the dynamism of waqf accounting and reporting among SIRCs in Malaysia. The reason for the variation in accounting practice is attributed to the nature of SIRCs governance where each SIRC is headed by its ruler (Sultan) as the ultimate authority in Islam and the fatwa councils’ decision. The decision of the Board members with regard to the management and administration of waqf may differ in each states.

The aim of this research was to identify the usefulness of the methods of teaching Arabic - secondary school (Bahr al-Ulum High School in Tampa, Bras Gumbang, Eastern Java, Indonesia) as a model for making Arabic language as a means of communication between students in the light of modern trends in Arabic language learning. This is a theoretical descriptive research field. To reach our goal of this study, we designed a questionnaire and then conducted it on a sample of the teachers of the school. This study reached the conclusion that the method used in the school was selective, but the translation is used very intensively, and the intermediate language in teaching is the Indonesian language, and this is perhaps the main reason for the low communication skills of students because we cannot imagine that the students knew how to communicate in Arabic language, if the teachers themselves do not speak in the classroom.

Abstract Sensory images strategy talks about experience, experience is significant aspect for background knowledge. So, sensory images strategy guides the students to represent of their experience in their memories. The Questioning Strategy is a way of forming questions as you read in order to deepen understanding and enjoyment of the text. The Questions have many deals with clarifying the meaning or a phrase or passage, exploring important themes, considering the author’s technique, or learning more about something you find that interesting. The second part of the Questioning Strategy is finding an answer, either on your own or with the help of a teacher or friend. The Aims of Study were to know Students’ Understanding to the text when taught with Sensory Images strategy and Students’ Understanding to the text when taught with Questioning strategy. To know differences the students’ ability in reading comprehension when taught with Sensory Images and Questioning strategies.

The current morphometric research was conducted collecting Rhamnus cathartica and Rhamnus pallasii from the natural habitats in North and West of Iran. In order to clarify the relationships in studied species and understand taxonomicall values, 58 morphological characters were employed (26 quantititative and 32 qualitative characters) using numerical taxonomy, Principal Component Analysis (CPA), and cluster analysis. In this study, leaf shape, color fruit have been found to significantly contribute to the determination of the studied species (Rhamnus pallasii & Rhamnus cathartica). The results confirmed more diversity in Rh. pallasii and three sub-species. But, in Rh. Cathartica, diversity features in the two varieties were not effective. Rh. × spathulifolia were collected from sandy hill of North of Iran which was determined by morphometric features e.g., leaflet, abaxial, adaxial leaflet trichrome, and fruit color. Overall, Rh. × spathulifolia can not be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]