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Copyright of International Journal of Educational Psychological Studies (EPS) is the property of Refaad for Studies, Research & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims at evaluating the qualitative characteristics of the liquefied water flowing from the Al-Badaa Canal towards Basra areas during the year 2020, as well as comparing the physical and chemical characteristics according to Iraqi specifications for the quality of drinking water. Samples of liquefied water were compared in 4 locations for the distribution of liquefied water based on the project, which receives its water from the Al-Badaa canal within the borders of Basra province, in terms of salinity(electrical conductivity and total dissolved substances) and physical and chemical elements, it was found that the liquefied water in the studied neighborhoods along the province of Basra. The research relied on ten elements to determine the water quality and calculate the water quality guide WQI, was relying on water samples for water projects that receive water from the imam Abbas Water Project(P), which is fed directly from the project of Al-Badaa water, in order to evaluate the water of the liquefaction networks that depend fully or partially on Basra or most of it was higher than the Iraqi standard specifications for drinking water except for hydrogen, and the indicators varied between the stations studied during four seasons of 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The risk has an important effect on the farmer's decisions making toward the farm planning and also affects crops' patterns the effective levels of the risk on agricultural production are different from one region to another because the natural and economic conditions are different. The study used (MOTAD) model to define the best product combination of the suggested crops activities, aiming at the reduction of potential risks and estimating the costs, and comparing it with the present crop pattern, therefore, determining the agricultural crops which are characterized by increased or decrease of risk in the new valley governorate. Therefore, suitable agricultural policies could be made to face the possible increase in risk. The most important results of the study are represented in the potentiality of rationalizing the agricultural water resources with about 6.7% in the new valley governorate, Reviewing the present crop structure through expansion in the cultivated crops which need less water for irrigation and reducing cultivated of crops need high water consumption if the risk factor is taken into consideration, the most potential risk cost is estimated at 218.52 million pounds which represent about 10.6% of the expected income of the agricultural crops in the new valley governorate, there's a possibility to realize the same level of income from the present crop pattern of the new land with less risk potentiality about 5.6%. The study recommends the necessity of following a clear-cut agricultural policy depending on avoiding potential risks before it occurs, as a preventive method adjusting the crop pattern periodically to avoid the agricultural risks after their occurrence as a treatment method through following the agricultural insurance policy done by the state. According to it, the state will compensate the farmers and agricultural producers for any harm or loss done to their products which results in a consequent reduction in their income, this policy is based on the semi-optional system. The study recommends also making wheat, peanut, rice, sesame, red beet, legume crops, some vegetable crops like winter tomatoes, winter marrow, winter peas under the umbrella of compulsory insurance and, beans, clover as green fodders and onion, garlic, summer under the umbrella of optional insurance in addition to the necessity of reviewing these crops periodically every three years in the light of economical and environmental fluctuations and risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Adab Al-Basrah is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dirasat Tarbawiya is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research aimed to study environmental sustainability indicators through the study and analysis of agricultural environmental indicators in order to monitor the changes that occurred on the environment, natural resources and climatic changes and their effects on the agricultural sector in order to achieve sustainable agricultural development in Egypt during the current and upcoming period. The research reached many results, including: - The high percentage of air pollutants in total suspended particles (TSP) and inhaled pectoral particles (PM10), which cause respiratory problems for humans and animals, as it was shown that carbon dioxide emissions increased by 2.6%, which is equivalent to 4.9 million tons Annually as a result of various activities and encroachments on agricultural lands, deforestation and burning fossil fuels, it was also shown that methane emissions increased by about 277 thousand tons annually, and nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural activities increased by about 90 thousand tons annually, which leads to the occurrence of problems of global warming and air pollution, which Affects agricultural production as agricultural crops are affected by climatic changes from high temperatures and humidity, and livestock production, which affects the national economy. - It was found that the average total electrical energy generated amounted to about 179,000 gig watt/hour during the study period, and the average renewable energy (hydro-solar-wind) was about 15,000 gigawatt/hour, representing about 8.4% of the average generated energy, which is This indicates the inadequacy of electricity production and generation by non-traditional methods to meet the increasing needs of electricity, which is considered one of the indicators of development. -The percentage of change in the agricultural area fluctuated between increase and decrease, and it was estimated that the percentage increase in the cultivated area between 2018 and 2019 was about 0.03%, and these small increases are considered an indication of the inefficiency of the green cover to meet the needs of the environment or the population, which necessitates a trend towards development Horizontal to make up for it. - It was found that the waters of the Nile River were contaminated with biological oxygen absorbed, chemical oxygen consumed, and this pollution was due to the disposal of sewage and agricultural wastewater by discharging it into the Nile stream, in contrast to industrial waste that is dumped from factories located on both sides of the Nile. Based on the foregoing, the study recommends the following: - The necessity of searching for sources of energy from non-traditional sources to reduce pollution, so that Egypt does not have to stop major projects and deprive future generations of investment opportunities. -Expanding the cultivation of biofuel trees and studying their importance and economic feasibility. -Separation of industrial sewage from sewage, especially in light of the use of treated sewage water to reduce contamination with heavy metals in fish. -Rationalizing the use of water resources and preserving them from pollution, especially in light of the crisis of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical and microbial quality of bottled water in Iran and to calculate the water quality index (WQI). Materials and Methods: Different brands of bottled water (4 samples from 71 brands) were randomly collected from the market. Chemical and microbial characteristics of the samples were examined and determined. Finally, the calculations related to the WQI index were performed and the water samples were classified as excellent, good, poor, very poor and unsuitable. Results: None of the samples exhibited concentration of heavy metals beyond Iranian water standards, and the concentration of sulfate (SO4), chloride (Cl) and fluoride (F) did not exceed international standards. However, in some samples, nitrite (NO2) and nitrate (NO3) concentrations were higher than recommended standards. With Regard to other water quality parameters, 8% to 89% of the samples exhibited concentration higher than the values provided on the water bottle label. 5 species of different bacteria were found in 15 water samples. According to the WQI index, about 63% of the samples were of excellent quality. Also, the water quality of 34% and 3% of the samples fell in good and poor quality categories, respectively. None of the bottled water samples was of very poor quality. Conclusion: The quality of bottled water investigated in this study was generally suitable, but due to the wide range of bottled water in Iran based on brand and seasons, continuous evaluation of water treatment methods in companies and careful monitoring of chemical and microbial quality of bottled water in all seasons is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to estimate some of the physical properties of drinking water distributed by the Chadian Water Company (STE) to the residents of N'Djamena through its various reservoirs and networks, then comparing the percentages of these standards with the permissible limits according to the specifications of international bodies and organizations concerned with health and environment. These properties are: EC:Electrical Conductivity)µs/cm(,pH, TDS: Total Dissolved Solids(mg/l), T: Temperature )C°, DO :Dissolved Oxygen. Water samples were collected before treatment (directly from the artesian well) and after treatment (from the water distribution network) from three stations of the Chadian Water Company (STE): GD1 (Gendarmerie), GD24 (Centre STE). 2Ch.jumelles (Châteaux Rue 40). The physical properties of these samples were determined in the laboratory of the Chadian Water Company according to the approved standard methods. The results of the analyzes for various properties were compared with the permissible values and limits of the World Health Organization and some health and environmental bodies and institutions. this study Was Conducted from February to March 2021. All the measurements made were repeated three times, then each result was expressed as the mean value plus or minus the standard deviation. The statistical analysis program Recomander (R×643.2.2.5.Lnk) was used to perform the statistical analyzes of the results, and the confidence level for these results was taken at P<0.05. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iraqi Journal of Desert Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Due to the fact that the agriculture sector is the most water-consuming sector, as it consumes about 76% of the total Egyptian water needs, estimated at 80 billion cubic meters in 2017, and that it is one of the sectors that suffer from the water loss resulting from leakage in the soil inside on the one hand and the low efficiency of the prevailing irrigation system It is surface irrigation on the other hand, it is very important to re-plan the use of water resources in this sector and to search for ways to provide the water necessary for use, especially in light of the difficulty of developing available water resources and the possibility of a deficit as a result of the construction of the Renaissance Dam, Hence, the research objectives were to study the current crop composition and the effect of reducing the water norm 10%, as it is one of the technical aspects that directly enables facing this problem (2) Re-planning the use of water resources through minimizing the use of water resources in the current crop composition, (3) Comparative analysis of the proposed scenarios before and after reducing the aqueous rating of each crop by 10%. It was found that when the water metric is 10% lower than it is, which amounts to about 39.5 billion m3 to try to provide a measure of water resources, the total water needs for the existing crop structure is estimated at about 35.5 billion m3, with an estimated decrease of about 3.95 billion m3, and this reduction is without That is, making adjustments to crop composition other than reducing that percentage, which does not affect plant growth or crop productivity. It was also found that the most suitable crop composition according to the minimization of water needs before reducing the water by 10% achieved savings on the ground area of about 119.49 thousand acres with a decrease of about 1.04% than its actual counterpart, and also achieved savings in the number of working days amounted to about 43 6 million working days, with a decrease of about 5.6% from its actual counterpart, and savings in the use of fertilizers amounted to about 36.23 thousand tons for nitrogenous fertilizers, 4.68 thousand tons for phosphate fertilizers and 11,34,000 tons for potassium fertilizers, a decrease of about 3.8 %, 1.52%, 3% each, respectively, and achieved a saving in water use of about 2 billion m3 with a decrease of about 5%. It also achieved the same net return on actual cropping. It also achieved the most suitable crop composition according to the minimization of water needs after reducing the water by 10%. Save on the plot of land amounted to about 420.43 thousand acres, a decrease of about 3.7% from its actual counterpart. It also achieved savings in the number of working days amounted to about 56.85 million days. He worked with a decrease of about 7.4% from his actual counterpart, and he saved in the use of fertilizers about 67,59 thousand tons for nitrogenous fertilizers, 12.3 thousand tons for phosphate fertilizers and 11.72 thousand tons for potassium fertilizers, with a decrease of about 7.1%, 4 3.13% each, respectively, and achieved a saving in water use of about 2,89 billion m3, a decrease of about 8.12%, as well as the same net It achieved a return of the actual crop structure. By comparison between the proposed crop composition models in light of the rationalization of the use of water resources in light of the risks surrounding Egypt's share of the Nile water as a result of periods filling the reservoir, the proposed crop composition was chosen according to the minimization of water needs after reducing the water base 10% as the best proposed models as it achieves savings in water resources, it is estimated at 2,89 billion m3. This is in addition to saving about 3.95 billion m3 as a result of reducing the water standard, which saves about 6.84 billion m3. It can contribute to providing a significant amount of water resources and reducing the negative impacts. At intervals filling the tank. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dirasat Tarbawiya is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the College Of Basic Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Adab Al-Kufa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Basra Studies Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research is the property of Arabian Gulf University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research assinalinal aimed Economic Evaluation surface irrigation systems developer in the old lands compared to traditional surface irrigation, And this search used statistical analysis and some Standards of statistical like as Averages and the average percentages, that's to explain and analyze the relationships between all economic variables in research, also used Field data from random sample at Abo-Homos in Behira Governorate from 80 producer Through season 2011\2012. The study resulted in some facts the most important is: 1- limited water resources in Egypt in the Nile River, groundwater, reuse of agricultural drainage water, and all of the rain, floods, water that has been desalinated sea water and sewage treatment, each of which contribute about 55.5, 6.1, 8, 3.1 billion m3, respectively. 2- Show that the requirements of the water needs in Egypt of about 8.36 billion m3 distributed this amount between summer and winter season, indigo and fruit gardens, while the average water needs of those seasons in El-Beheira about 2.4 billion m3, which represents about 11.4% of the average Egyptian water needs. 3- It turned out that the total losses in transmission and distribution of water resources between the mouth of the canal and the field, and the Aswan Dam and the field of the province of the lake is about 742.1987 million m3 representing about 12.4, 12.3% of the total of these losses on the level of the Republic, amounting to about 5990, 16079 million m3, with an estimated efficiency of water delivery by about 85.1% and 68%, respectively. 4- Showing increasing both productivity, revenue, net yield per feddan, income marginal, profitability relative, revenue to total costs and rates of return on the pound invested significantly increased, while decreased variable costs for crop study on land used for surface irrigation developer sample study compared land used traditional surface irrigation. 5- Show high productivity index unit of irrigation water, and the net return per unit of water for crops of wheat and faba bean, rice and maize used for surface irrigation developer sample of the study compared to traditional surface irrigation. Finally the study recommends the following: - The need to mainstream and speed of implementation of surface irrigation systems developer at the level of the province of the lake using either pipes or lined channels. - Work to convert surface irrigation methods sprinkler or drip irrigation, especially in the territory of the land ancient gardens, and the need to overcome the problems that prevent the application of it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]