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Occurred in recent years a huge revolution in the educational computer applications, and is still the use of computers in the field of education in its infancy and that increasing day after day, and started to take many forms, it is computer education to the use of the Internet in education and finally emerged the concept of e-learning, which depends on technical to provide educational content to the learner a good and effective manner and e-learning programs have become is gaining importance in the present time of its ability to overcome the knowledge explosion problem, due to the magnitude of the intellectual production in various scientific and humanitarian fields and the inability of traditional education for the overall merits of diverse disciplines and that briefing programs because of the difficulty update and delivery of information by traditional methods, objective of this research is to highlight the concept of e-learning and the reasons that compel us to pay attention to this aspect addition to identifying the obstacles that prevent progress or application of this branch of education in Iraq, and what is proposed for the development work in the field of e-learning solutions, The study relied on access to the reality of e-learning in Iraq through its role in Iraqi universities, and research found to emphasize the existence of a significant shortfall in this area addition to the lack of infrastructure provide for the advancement of e-learning Although an Iraqi universities today are trying to take advantage of e-learning programs , in the development of the educational process after falling during the past two decades to a large degree, and despite the existence of important steps have been achieved in this direction, particularly at the level of the provision of equipment and laboratories, and secure internet connection, but the traditional methods of education are prevalent in the general universities, Furthermore, many of the devices and laboratories, which have been processed for the purposes of e-learning, consumed before it is invested in real, or used for other purposes, which at best provide Internet services, or computer labs to teach, and in other conditions used for printing the official books and questions exam, or lecture halls, this study concluded submit a number of proposals and recommendations, which focused on attention to outreach to the community and the teacher and the learner, and to provide or infrastructure development, and provide full support to institutions and individuals, as well as to focus on creating educational content in accordance with the international quality standards.

Abstract In this paper we give some properties of the zero commut idempotent matrices ,and give some properties of non-singular matrices .

This study describes a lightweight deep learning model trained on a self-made image dataset taken inside farms and open areas of the Holy Shrine of Al-Hussainiya in the City of Karbala, Iraq. This dataset includes fire and smoke images taken using a Samsung A52S camera in different weather conditions. The overall goal is to create a fire detection system model that can successfully replace the existing physical sensor-based fire detectors and lessen the issues that come with such fire detectors, including false and delayed triggering. Another goal is to control fires on farms or open areas and prevent crop damage as much as possible. Previous studies were reviewed. Moreover, the architecture of the You Only Look Once version 8 (YOLOv8) model was briefly explained, and the results it achieved were compared with those achieved by previous versions. Then, the proposed system was trained and evaluated with the YOLOv8 large model. Results showed that the proposed system outperformed the rest of the current systems in mAP, which reached 98.5%.

منظومة الجرائم المنظمة قد دخلت العالم المتقدم والتكنلوجيا المتداخلة في ميادين الحياة البشرية من أوسع أبوابها، فلابد للمشرع الجنائي والمنظومة العدلية عموماً أن تواكب هذا التسارع غير معزول عن التطورات في ميادين العملات الرقمية أو أي جزئية أخرى من منتجات التقدم الرقمي والذكاء الاصطناعي، وتدخل بقراراته وتشريعاته من باب التعامل مع النتائج أو الحيطة والحذر من النتائج المحتملة، تهدف الورقة هذه التركيز على ماهية الاستخدامات الرقمية للعملات المشفرة في السلوكيات الاجرامية المختلفة وبصورة خاصة الجرائم المنظمة عبر الوطنية، وبيان منطلق الموقف الرسمي سواء على المستوى التشريعي أو الإداري و التنفيذي في التعامل مع العملات الرقمية خاصة في المؤسسات المالية، فليس بالإمكان تجاهل المنظومة التشريعية في عدم ابداء الموقف من هذا الواقع والانتشار المتزايد، فلابد من الإشارة إلى حقيقة الصراع بين السلطة وهيمنتها على النقد وإصدارها وإصدار النقد والتحكم بقيمتها من قبل الأفراد مباشرة دون التدخل من السلطة أو مؤسسات الدولة والمصرفية. منهجية البحث تكمن في التحليل والدراسة المعمقة في الدوافع والفلسفة التي تقف وراء إساءة استخدام العملات الرقمية، أو بالأحرى الدوافع التي تشجع الجناة على دخول عالم تكنلوجيا البلوكشين واستخدام العملات الرقمية في أعمالهم الإجرامية، فيجب على المشرع الجنائي على المستوى الدولي والمحلي أن يواجهوا المخاطر المحتملة لهذه الاستخدامات وإيجاد منظومة قانونية متكاملة منسقة بين الدول والمؤسسات المالية المعنية على المستوى العالم.

إن الأسواق المالية لها دور كبير في تكتل المدخرات وتوجيهها إلى القنوات الاستثمارية المختلفة التي تدعم نمو وتطور الاقتصاد، وهذه البورصات تؤثر وتتأثر بالعديد من المتغيرات المالية والاقتصادية، وقد هدف البحث إلى تحديد أثر بعض المتغيرات المالية (سعر الصرف، سعر الفائدة، التضخم) في المؤشر العام لأسعار بورصة العراق للأوراق المالية (ISX). اعتمد الباحثان على المنهج التحليلي، وذلك بالتطبيق على بيئة العراق، خلال فترة ما بين (2010-2022)، وقد تم الاعتماد على البرامج الاحصائية (EViews) واختبار فرضيات البحث باستخدام اختبار الانحدار الخطي المتعدد. وتوصل البحث إلى النتائج الآتية، وجود أثر سلبي ذا دلالة معنوية للتضخم على مؤشر سوق العراق للأوراق المالية، ووجود أثر ايجابي ذو دلالة معنوية لسعر الصرف على مؤشر سوق العراق للأوراق المالية، وأيضاً وجود أثر سلبي ذا دلالة معنوية لسعر الفائدة على مؤشر سوق العراق الأوراق المالية، أما بالنسبة للفرضية الثالثة فقد رفضت والتي تشير إلى أنه "يوجد أثر ذا دلالة احصائية للتضخم على أسعار الأسهم" وهذا يدل على عدم الاستقرار الأمني والصحي والاقتصادي لمدة البحث. إذ اتفق البحث مع معظم الدراسات السابقة في وجود تأثير ذا دلالة معنوية لكل من سعر الصرف وسعر الفائدة على المؤشر العام لأسعار بورصة العراق للأوراق المالية، وأوصى البحث إلى أنه يجب على متخذ القرار الاستثماري في بورصة العراق للأوراق المالية أن يأخذ بعين الاعتبار المتغيرات المالية وتحليلها بشكل معمق لأن لها أثر كبير في تحركات السوق.

Performance of local breed, Iranian chickens, and Ross 308 were compared in this study. A total of 300 one-day old chicks were assigned to fifteen pens. The results showed that local breed had a body weight (BW) at 7 weeks of 0.180 kg, while Iranian chicken and Ross had BWs of 0.291, 2.763 kg respectively. The average weekly weight gain of local breed was 21 grams, compared to 36 and 338 grams for Iranian and Ross chickens, respectively. Ross 0.704 and Iranian chickens 0.199 both had higher average feed intake (FI) than local breed 0.132. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of local breed was relatively high 6.327 compared to Ross 1.834 and Iranian chickens 5.327, respectively. As for mortality, Iranian chicken recorded a high rate 10% compared to local breed 9% and Ross chickens 6%. Moreover, there were no significant differences in the weights of the primary, secondary carcass parts and edible internal organs between local breed and Iranian chickens under the same conditions.

This study aims to identify the most important obstacles that accompanied the e-learning process in light of the covid-19 pandemic from the point of view of primary and secondary school students, their teachers and their parents, the education sector in general. The categories of each questionnaire were based on 15 items, and the study sample was as follows (350 students, 200 teachers, 200 parents). The study showed that the main influencing factor that got the highest 61% is the weak signal and the Internet level was not at the required level, and this is for all three categories .Those who are in contact with e-learning, and the study proved that all these groups, including teachers of different specializations, need a continuous training process in the knowledge of modern technologies and software that support the e-learning process by 48%, while this study showed a great interaction by students, teachers and parents Matters to Educational TV and the Ministry of Education channel and its success in attracting a large number of students and their teachers, especially the finished stages, as the percentage of teachers’ follow-up was constantly The number of students who watched educational television was 118 out of 200, at a rate of 59%, while the percentage of students who watched educational television was 180 out of 350 students, or 51.5%, while their interaction rate before the Corona epidemic did not exceed 13%, representing 26 students out of 350. This study showed that the most important obstacle facing the student. This is the weakness of the internet service,

The current research aimed at identifying the measurement of the level of self-sublimation among students of medical colleges and identifying the significance of the differences according to the gender variable (male - female). The tool was used on a sample of (300) male and female students, and the results revealed that the sample members enjoyed a high level of sublimation and that there were no statistical differences for gender (males and females) in the level of self-sublimation. The two researchers recommended a number of recommendations and suggestions.

This study deals with the corrosion inhibition of metal corrosion process of medium carbon steel using 1M HCl for kinetic studies and rate reaction determination. The weight loss method is applied to pieces of Medium carbon steel divided to Cubans with dimensions (0.4*2*2.4) cm , and use Tafel Extrapolation Method, the samples were polished using carbide silicon paper with dimensions of (180,200,400,600,800,1000). The samples were immersed in the alcoholic medium ethanol at a temperature 293K for 3hr. Natural inhibitor Kujarat Tea (Hibiscus sabdarriffa L.) is used which is extracted in aqueous and alcoholic medium, different concentrations (1000،2000, 3000) ppm have been used ; The best concentration found through the results is a concentration found that is 1000 and 2000 ppm, the results indicate that the highest degree of inhibition for aqueous extract is 93.3% with the concentration of 2000 ppm and 90.5% with 1000 ppm at293K. While the alcoholic inhibitor shows the highest efficiency 92.4% with a concentration of 2000 ppm and 88.6% with a concentration of 1000 ppm respectively. The structure of the inhibitor was investigated using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the surface morphology of the tested samples was investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Orientalists ’perceptions of Islamic history differed between neutrality ruled by science and fairness, and between negativity governed by accusations and allegations based on falsehood. Islamic history was one of the first manifestations on which orientalists focused on adopting different interpretations, some of which were based on the racist factor, and some were based on The social or economic factor, so our research entitled (the bad oriental perceptions towards Islamic history) came to address the motives that prompted orientalists to offend Islamic history and their position on the spread of Islam and the Islamic conquests and other motives that we will address in the course of the research

The study included a hydrogiomorphological evaluation of Abu Dalaya basin in Al-Jezira region for the water harvesting purposes, which an area reached (227 km2). Abu Dalaya basin contains three secondary basins, which are almost similar in their morphometric and hydrological characteristics, and most of them are close to the rectangular shape. The researcher used the integration between several data, such as Remote Sensing (RS) data, climate and ground data for the study area and its region, whereby the outputs from maps and figures were obtained by using Geographic Information System (GIS). For the purposes of water harvesting, the study adopted (SCS-CN) model to estimate the volume of surface runoff, and the results indicated that the study area is characterized by high runoff due to the presence the soils type(C) that are characterized by their inability to infiltrate water into the soil.The hourly data for the season (2018-2019) showed that the amounts of rain were large, ranging between (652-761 mm). Thus, this amount of water must be preserved, and thus four sites were chosen for the construction of earth dams in the study area. In addition, the results of those proposed dams for water harvesting proved that the quantities of water storage in them are uneven, but very large and sufficient for the various types of future investments

هذه الورقة البحثية تتناول جريمة خطف الأطفال كجزء من منظومة الجرائم المنظمة والتي تغذي جرائم مختلفة والخطرة على سلامة واستقرار المجتمع، وان المواجهة الحقيقية لا تكون في الميدان التشريعي والقضائي فقط، بل تمتد الى الميادين الأمنية والاجتماعية والثقافية والفكرية، ليكون سداً منيعاً في مواجهة جميع حلقات الجرائم المنظمة. وهذه الحقيقة توحي بضرورة التكامل الوظيفي والاجرائي لمواجهة الجريمة والجرائم المنظمة وجريمة خطف الأطفال كجزء من مجمل المنظومة الاجرامية والتي تتجلى من فلسفة عقابية للحفاظ على استقرار وسلامة أمن المجتمع.

Four new binuclear Schiff base metal complexes [(MCl2)2L] {M = Fe 1, Co 2, Cu 3, Sn 4, L = N,N’-1,4-Phenylenebis (methanylylidene) bis (ethane-1,2-diamine)} have been synthesized using direct reaction between proligand (L) and the corresponding metal chloride (FeCl2, CoCl2, CuCl2 and SnCl2). The structures of the complexes have been conclusively determined by a set of spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and mass spectra). Finally, the biological properties of the complexes have been investigated with a comparative approach against different species of bacteria (E. coli G-, Pseudomonas G-, Bacillus G+, Staphylococcus G+, and Streptococcus G+).

Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) may reflect the events associated with orthodontic tooth movement. Attempts have been conducted to identify biomarkers reflecting optimum orthodontic force, unwanted sequallea (i.e. root resorption) and accelerated tooth movement. The aim of the present study is to find out a standardized GCF collection, storage and total protein extraction method from apparently healthy gingival sites with orthodontics that is compatible with further high-throughput proteomics. Eighteen patients who required extractions of both maxillary first premolars were recruited in this study. These teeth were randomly assigned to either heavy (225g) or light force (25g), and their site specific GCF was collected at baseline and after 1hr, 1day, 7days, 14days, 21days and 28days post force application. Periostrips were used for GCF collection and subsequent phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was used for immediate protein elution with centrifugal speed of 10000rpm for 5min and stored at -80°C. Protein concentration was estimated using Bradford colorimetric assay. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was carried out to resolve the purity of proteins in the collected samples and the method of collection was validated by western immuno-blotting of alpha amylase salivary enzyme. The current collection, storage and protein extraction protocol showed the best protein recovery and purity with validated collection free of salivary contamination. In conclusion, tiny GCF volume from healthy sites and evaporation issues of such promising non-invasive fluid motivate us to investigate a standardized protocol enabling optimal preservation of GCF sample and the currently followed protocol may serve as a reference for future proteomic studies searching for GCF biomarkers in diagnosing and monitoring orthodontic tooth movement.

The study of cohomology groups is one of the most intensive and exciting researches that arises from algebraic topology. Particularly, the dimension of cohomology groups is a highly useful invariant which plays a rigorous role in the geometric classification of associative algebras. This work focuses on the applications of low dimensional cohomology groups. In this regards, the cohomology groups of degree zero and degree one of nilpotent associative algebras in dimension four are described in matrix form.

In this work, thin films of lead iodide (PbI2) were deposited on glass substrates with different thicknesses by vacuum thermal evaporation method. The structural, chemical, electrical and optical characteristics of the thin films were studied. XRD analysis showed that lead iodide film is polycrystalline having hexagonal structure. A particle size was estimated by Williamson - Hall technique (13) nm and strain (4.90*10-3) are founded from the intercept with y-axis and slope for PbI2. The UV-VIS measurements illustrated that the lead iodide has a direct optical band gap and Urbach energy to be 0.677 eV2. Raman peaks are detected at 70, 96, 99.5, 188 and 202 cm-1 which corresponding to characteristic of PbI2 at (E21, A11, 2E11 and A1g). The FTIR spectrum of PbI2 thin film showed six bands at 1650, 1900, 3100, 3400, 3600 and 3800 cm-1. Mechanism of dc transport was also analyzed in the temperature range 315–395 K. Also the variation of reflectivity in the range near infrared is conductive generally attributed to thin film nature, where this film contain light scattering and large surface area, which enhance the optical absorption and hence, a low reflectivity is obtained.

Two experiments were carried out under low polyethylene tunnels which furnished with drip irrigation during the two successive winter seasons of 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 at Elbrollous area which represents the circumstance and conditions of coastal zone of north Nile Delta kafr Elsheikh Governorate. The objective of the investigation was to find out the effect of grafting by different cucurbita rootstocks on cucumber hybrid "ESHRAK" (Cucumis sativus, L.) on vegetative growth, flowering, yield and fruit characteristics, beside nutrient contents of cucumber plants. Results showed that grafted cucumber plants on Super Shintoza led to significant increase in vegetative growth,i.e., stem length, number of leaves, number of branches and leaf area,fruit fresh weight (g), number of fruits, total yield were greater with grafted cucumber plants on Super Shintoza followed by grafted cucumber plants on cv. Ferro. However grafting had no significant effect on potassium % of fruit on both seasons. The highest total yield was obtained by grafting cucumber plants on Super Shintoza rootstock followed by grafting on cv. Ferro rootstock by 130 % and 73 %, respectively in the first season and 160% and 147 %, in the second season respectively as compared with ungrafted cucumber plants. Accordingly, this study ensured that the use of rootstocks were more beneficial than ungrafted cucumber in both tested seasons.

هدف البحث الحالي التعرف على تطور مفهوم الحرية لدى الأطفال والمراهقين في إقليم كوردستان العراق للأعمار(12 ، 16، 20) تبعا لمتغير الجنس و مهنة الوالدين لدى أفراد عينة البحث. وتألفت عينة البحث الإحصائية من (1461) طالب وطالبة من مدارس التعليم الأساسي و الاعدادي و جامعة زاخو أختيروا بالأسلوب القصدي العشوائي من مجتمع البحث، وأعد الباحث أداة يتألف من (48) موقف لفظي ذات بدائل ثلاثية(نعم، غير متأكد، لا) بعد استخراج الخصائص السيكومترية لها من صدق ظاهري و صدق المحتوى وثبات الأداة بإعادة الإختبار التي بلغت قيمتها(0.84). وبعد تطبيق الأداة على أفراد العينة الأساسية و جمعت البيانات و حللها الباحث إحصائيا بإستخدام الوسائل الإحصائية المناسبة الإختبار التائي (t-test)لعينتين مستقلتين و اختبار تحليل التباين الأحادي والثنائي الاتجاه عن طريق البرنامج الإحصائي(SPSS) وقد بينت النتائج ما يأتي: وجود فروق ذو دلالة إحصائية في تطور مفهوم الحرية تبعا للمتغير المراحل العمرية(12، 16، 20) وعلى التوالي ولصالح العمر الأكبر. وجود فرق دال إحصائي في تطور مفهوم الحرية لدى أفراد عينة البحث تبعا لمتغير الجنس و لصالح الإناث . عدم وجود فروق ذو دلالة إحصائية في تطور مفهوم الحرية تبعا للمتغير مهنة الأب و الأم والتفاعل بينهما. وفي ضوء نتائج البحث خرج الباحث بعدد من الاستنتاجات و التوصيات والمقترحات.

تاتي اهمية البحث من خلال اهمية تعلم مهارات التفكير ماوراء المعرفي لانها تسهم في استخدامها من قبل طلبة الجامعة للبحث والاستقصاء والتدريب لحل المشكلات. وقد استهدف البحث التعرف على مستوى مهارات التفكير ماوراء المعرفي لدى طلبة جامعة دهوك والتعرف على الفروق ذات الدلالة المعنوية في مستويات مهارات التفكير ماوراء المعرفي وفق متغيرات الجنس ( اناث / ذكور ) والتخصص ( علمي/ انساني ). وقد تحدد البحث بطلبة جامعة دهوك للدراسة الصباحية للعام 2015 -2016 واقتصر البحث على عينة طبقية عشوائية بلغت ( 200 ) طالبا وطالبة منهم ( 100 ) طالبا و (100 ) طالبة. اما اداة البحث فقد قام الباحث باعداد مقياس مهارات التفكير ماوراء المعرفي وتكون من ( 42 ) فقرة موزعة على ثلاث مجالات ولكل مجال ( 14 ) فقرة ولكل فقرة ( ثلاث ) بدائل وتم استخراج الصدق والثبات للاداة والذي بلغ ( 0.84 ). وقد تراوحت درجات المقياس بين ( 126 ) درجة كحد اعلى و ( 42 ) درجة كحد ادنى اما الوسط الفرضي للمقياس هو ( 84 ). وقد استخدم الباحث الاختبار التائي لعينة واحدة والاختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين للتعرف على دلالة الفروق بين متغيرات البحث تبعا للجنس والتخصص الدراسي ومعامل ارتباط بيرسون لحساب الثبات. ومن ابرز نتائج البحث ان طلبة جامعة دهوك يتميزون بالوعي فيما يخص بمهارات التفكير ماوراء المعرفي. والطلاب في العلوم الانسانية يستخدمون مهارات التفكير ماوراء المعرفي افضل من الطلالبات في حين ان الطالبات في الاقسام العلمية يستخدمن مهارات التفكير ماوراء المعرفي افضل من الطلاب. كما اشار البحث الى الحاجة لمزيد من البحوث للكشف عن العوامل المؤثرة في تباين الدرجات لدى الطلبة.

هدف البحث الى التعرف على الشعور بالإغتراب النفسي وعلاقته بإستخدام الإنترنت لدى طلبة جامعة زاخو إعتمادا على متغير الجنس والمرحلة الدراسية والقسم الدراسي والسكن الجامعي ، من خلال تطبيق مقياس الشعور بالإغتراب النفسي وإستبانة إستخدام الإنترنت على عينة مؤلفة من (157) طالب وطالبة من المراحل والاختصاصات المختلفة، واظهرت المعالجات الاحصائية إلى أن (15.44% ) من المجموع الإجمالي لأفراد عينة البحث يشعرون بالإغتراب النفسي في مقابل ( 84.56%) منهم لا يشعرون بذلك.وتبيين أن (92%) من إجمالي أفراد عينة البحث يستخدمون الإنترنت.كما أظهرت النتائج عن وجود علاقة طردية بين الّذين يستخدمون الإنترنت والذين يشعرون بالاغتراب النفسي بما يتاح من الأجهزة وبين الذين يستخدمونها لفترات أكثر من ثلاث ساعات في اليوم الواحد والّذين يستخدمونها لأغراض غير العلاقات الاجتماعية و الّذين يستخدمونها في مجالات التسلية وأمور الرياضة أو لغرض الدراسة. كما توصلت البحث بأن إستخدام أفراد عينة البحث للإنترنت لم يؤدي الى التحسن في شعورهم بالإغتراب النفسي باتجاه افراد أسرهم وأصدقائهم وأقربائهم. كما لم يؤد استخدام ما بين (45%الى 65%) للإنترنت من الّذين يشعرون بالإغتراب النفسي ان إلى تحسن في شعورهم عن مدى تقبلهم من قبل أفراد اسرهم وأصدقائهم وأقربائهم .في حين ان حوالي (40%)من الّذين يشعرون بالإغتراب النفسي أن استخدامهم للإنترنت قد أثّرت سلبيا على التزامهم بالعادات الاجتماعية, وأن (30%) منهم يشعرون أن مدى اهتمامهم بمشاعر الآخرين قد قلّ, وأن (25%) منهم يشعرون أن مدى تعاونهم مع الآخرين قد قل, وأن نسبة (30 %) منهم يشعرون ان أداء مسؤلياتهم الاجتماعية تجاه الآخرين قد قل .وأيضا أن حوالي(50%) منهم يشعرون بأنه بعد استخدامهم للإنترنت قلل من نشاطاتهم الاجتماعية في محيطهم الاجتماعي.

يهدف البحث الحالي إلى التعرف على التوجه نحو الحياة لدى طلبة مدارس المرحلة الإعدادية في مركز قضاء زاخو وعلاقته ببعض المتغيرات الاجتماعية و الثقافية والتعرف على الفروق تبعا للمتغيرات (الجنس، والمرحلة الدراسية ، والحالة الاقتصادية، و مستوى التعليمي للوالدين، ومحل السكن وهل الوالدين " على قيد الحياة ، أولا ")، وتألفت عينة البحث من (271) طالب و طالبة اختيروا بطريقة عشوائية. أعتمد الباحثون مقياس جاهز ( ليونتيف، 1992) لتوجه نحو الحياة ، والمؤلفة من (20) فقرة مزدوجة ، وتم ترجمتها و استخراج الخصائص السيكومترية لها، وتم استخدام التكرارات، والترتيب التنازلي، والأوساط الحسابية، والإنحرافات المعيارية، والقيمة التائية لعينة الواحدة، والقيمة التائيةلعينتين مستقلتين، وتحليل التباين. وأشارت النتائج الى وجود توجه إيجابي نحو الحياة لدى غالبية أفراد عينة البحث مع عدم وجود فروق ذا دلالة إحصائية في متغير الجنس و المرحلة الدراسية و محل السكن و وضع الوالدين ( على قيد الحياة ، أو متوفي ). كما تبيّن أن توجهات أفراد الأسر التي تتمتع بوضع اقتصادي جيد نحو الحياة ايجابية أكثر من غيرها، وكذلك عندما يكون كلا الوالدين متعلمين. على ضوء ذلك قدم الباحثون مجموعة من التوصيات والمقترحات.

A nonlinear finite element analysis carried out to investigate the behavior of a simply supported reinforced concrete deep beams to study their shear behavior after being strengthened by externally bonded carbon fiber composites materials (CFRP). Seven identical porcelanite lightweight aggregate concrete deep beams were analyzed numerically by using ANSYS computer program, two of them were unstrenghtened to serve as reference beams while the remaining five were strengthened using carbon fiber strips in different orientations (vertical, horizontal and inclined) and different number of layers (one and two layers). The locally available natural porcelanite aggregate (from western region of Iraq) was used to produce a structural lightweight aggregate concrete. Two different values of the shear span to depth ratio were adopted. The finite element analysis covers load-midspan deflection behavior, first shear crack and ultimate loads, and the crack pattern of the tested deep beams. Good agreement is obtained with available results which indicate the efficiency of the finite element method used to model the problem.

A strain of Lactobacillus brevis was isolated from a spoiled pickle sample and propagated in MRS liquid medium. The strain possessed high mannitol dehydrogenase activity. The free and immobilized cells in calcium alginate gel beads were used for the production of mannitol using batch culture in bioconversion medium (BCM). The highest mannitol yield was achieved after four days of incubation at 37 oC using cells concentration of 2x106 cells/ml. The reuse of the cells for mannitol production led to a little decrease in their produtibility. The effect was minor with immobilized cells. Mannitol production was proportional to fructose concentration in BCM medium while there was no effect upon using potassium phosphate buffer medium. The continuous mannitol production by immobilized cells was conducted in a glass column. A reverse relationship was noticed between fructose solution flow rate and mannitol yield, but the production rate was higher at higher flow rates. Thus, it is advised to apply fast flow rate with repeated substrate recycling in order to achieve the desired conversion of fructose.

This study was conducted in the vegetable farm research , college of agriculture , duhok university. Three levels of seaweed extracts " Seaforce 1 " (i.e.zero,2,3 ml / liter ) as a folair application in two squash plant cultivars " Mullah ahmed and Zucchini " at spring and autumn growing seasons /2009. Plants were sprayed once at the begining of flowering and twice (first at the beginning of flowering and the second after 15 days from the first spraying). Results indicated that spraying with seaforce1 twice increased total Soluble solids, which reached 11.34, 11.27%, While fruit firmness decreased in the first and second season respectively. Results also indicated that nutrient concentrations, N , P, K, increased in the first and second season. We concluded that spraying with Sea force1 twice at 3 ml/ l gave the best results .

This study was Conducted in the vegetable farm research , College of agriculture , Duhok university Three levels of Seaweed extract : Sea Force 1 (i،e zero, 2, 3ml /L) as a foliar application in two squash Cultivars: “Mullah Ahmed “ and “ Zucchini “ at Spring and autumn growing season / 2009 had been used. Plants were sprayed once ، at the beginning of flowering and twice (at the beginning of flowering and the second after, 15 days from the first spraying). Results indicated that Sea Force 1 twice caused a significant increase in the number of pistillite flower which reached 13.36 , 13.33 at the two seasons respectively, while no significant effects on the number of staminate flowers at the two growing season. We concluded that spraying with Sea Force1 twice at 3ml/L gave the best results .

Abstract: This is research is basically deals with the representation theory that is specifically on Hecke algebra and q-Schur algebra, where β-numbers of a partition has sufficient effect in both types of algebra. The objective of this work is to expand the results of Fayers that is by adding new runners to β-numbers, to represent a "tree", and by other hand, we decide to reduce the runners reaching another new definition "radical" by using both mathematically and computer programming ways.

Abstract The experimental fulfillment for optical bistability in a semiconductor laser under injection locking is studied. The required setup to provide the stability in current, temperature and power output of the laser diode used in experiments has been described in detail. A small change in the injection power of the slave laser SL could induce a dynamic change of the lasing power of the master laser ML has been observed. Optical bistability for two non identical laser was possible has been experimentally observed.