Search

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم فعالية برنامج إرشادي باستخدام فنيات العلاج بالقبول والالتزام في تخفيف حدة الشعور بالضغوط النفسية لدى أمهات الأطفال ذوي الإعاقة العقلية، باستخدام التصميم شبه تجريبي مع عينة مكونة من 24 أم من أمهات ذوي الإعاقة العقلية بالملتحق أبنائهن بمراكز الرعاية النهارية، تم توزيعهن عشوائيا إلى مجموعتين تجريبية وضابطة قوام كل منها (12). وتم تطبيق مقياس الضغوط النفسية للأمهات الأطفال المعاقين إعداد/ الشخص والسرطاوي (1998)، ومقياس المستوى الاقتصادي والاجتماعي والثقافي إعداد/ سعفان وخطاب (2016). وبرنامج إرشادي قائم على فنيات العلاج بالقبول والالتزام (إعداد/ الباحثتين). وتوصلت نتائج الدراسة إلى وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين متوسطات الرتب لدرجات المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة على مقياس الضغوط النفسية لأمهات الأطفال ذوي الإعاقة العقلية في القياس البعدي لصالح المجموعة التجريبية، ما يعني انخفاض الضغوط النفسية لدى المجموعة التجريبية. في القياس البعدي ، وعدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة أحصائية في القياس التتبعي مما يدل على فعالية البرنامج الإرشادي القائم على فنيات العلاج بالقبول والالتزام في تخفيف حدة الشعور بالضغوط النفسية واستمرار تأثير البرنامج في خلال فترة المتابعة.

The experiment was carried out on three different vegetable crops, Cucumber Cucumis sativus L. (Cucurbitaceae), eggplant Solanum melongena L. (Solanaceae) and okra Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Malvaceae), during summer 2021, to investigate the effect of vegetation type on spider density and diversity. For this study, the pitfall trap method was used to collect spiders from the soil surface to ensure a comprehensive representation of all spider guilds. During this study, 20 species belonging to 6 families were collected. The results showed that a total of 374, 285 and 194 individuals belonging to 18, 17 and 15 species were recorded in okra, cucumber and eggplant fields respectively. Species diversity was greater in okra cultivation. Results also indicated that the Lycosidae family was the most abundant and dominant, representing 71.75%, followed by the Linyphiidae family of 90 individuals representing 10.55% of the whole obtained population. The most dominant species were Wadicosa fidelis 152, 98 and 67 individuals and Pardosa injucunda 111, 69 and 52 individuals in okra, cucumber and eggplant respectively. It is inferred from this study that the type of plant can have an impact on spider communities.

In grinding practice, heterogeneous poli-mineral systems are more common than homogeneous mono-mineral system. The heterogeneity of raw materials in mineral beneficiation grinding circuit results by virtue of the varying properties of mineral constituents in an ore. Therefore, the main objective of this investigation is to study the effect of preheating on the grindability of quartz as a mono-mineral ore, and nepheline syenite as a poli-mineral one. 2n Factorial method was applied to arrange the studied parameters affecting the preheating of each of the two studied ores according to the importance of their relative effect on its grindability. The results revailed that incremented percentage of -200 µm in the preheated ground poli-mineral ore was less than that of mono-mineral one by about 32.9%. This behavior was interpreted by containing nepheline syenite on more than one mineral, consequently, phase change anisotropic thermal expansion or contraction of the grain boundries have a markedly effect on the grindability of preheated rocks, especially those contain more than one mineral.

ظهرت العمارة المعاصرة التي تحتوى على نماذج من المباني التي فقدت هويتها ومحليتها ولم يکن لها اتجاه واضح يعبر عنها نتيجة للتطور السريع في التقنيات والتکنولوجيا . حيث لم تراعي هذه المباني البيئة المحيطة بها من مناخ وأشعة الشمس واستنزاف الطاقات والموارد البيئية، فقد اهتم التصميم المعماري والعمراني بأن يوفر بيئة سليمة لأجيال المستقبل فظهر مفهوم الاستدامة الذي ينظم العلاقة بين العديد من التقنيات المعمارية الحديثة والمبني بالبيئة المحيطة دون التأثير السلبي عليها.فقد کانت العمارة التراثية وبما تحتوى من مفردات معمارية تراثية مثالاً للاستدامة والتوافق البيئي فکان ولا بد من التوجه إلي استخدام أساليب التفکير تعاني أغلب مدن مصر والمدن العربية من إهمال واضح في تحقيق التوازن بين المکونات المشيدة والبيئة فأدى إلى إخلال بالتوازن في النظام البيئي الحضري نجم عنه الارتفاع في درجات الحرارة داخل المدن والذي أبعدها عن حدود الراحة الحرارية. فمعظم الدراسات المعمارية تحاول اتباع أساليب جديدة تسمح بتقديم حلول للمشکلات التي يعاني منها قطاع العمارة مثل: هدر الطاقة، وعدم کفاءة المباني في الاستفادة من معطيات البيئة والتصميم في الطرق الموروثة. لذلک رکز البحث على دراسة العلاقة بين المفردات المعمارية التراثية و الاستدامة ومدي تحقيقها لراحة الحرارية .

introduction : Phosphate rocks are vital non-renewable resources and are essential components in agricultural fertilizers and phosphorous-based chemicals [1-4]. About 95% of the phosphate produced around the world is consumed in fertilizer industry [5, 6]. Phosphate deposits can be divided into three groups (і) sea sediments, (іі) igneous and (ііі) biogenetic deposits [7]. The distribution of phosphate resources in the world is approximated as follows: 75% from sedimentary marine deposits, 15-20% from igneous, metamorphic and weathered deposits, and 2-3% from biogenic sources [5-8]. A large proportion of the world's phosphate reserves are sedimentary deposits containing a considerable amount of carbonate minerals. In terms of quality and P2O5 grade, phosphate can be divided into three groups: low - grade ores (12-16% P2O5, intermediate-grade ores (17-25% P2O5) and high-grade ores (26-35% P2O5). Deposits containing of 28-38% P2O5 are considered commercial grade deposits and have high economic value to mine and process [9]. .

Abstract:Murals have been associated with architecture and urbanism throughout human history with its various civilizations, It does not represent an addition to the architectural and urban entity but it enters the heart of their fabric and participates primarily in their formation and style, The architectural entity or the urban space may derive its importance from what the murals offer from different themes that make them have the ability to change the sense of the dimensions of the spatial space and its feeling completely differently than if the walls were barren and devoid of them, As entities, they are considered one of the most important visual determinants of space in addition to their role as one of the aesthetics used in architecture and expressing the social and cultural identity of societies, Rather, it is a powerful means of linking the past and the present and documenting the most important events affecting the entity of society expressing its cultural identityThis research paper presents an analysis of the various aspects that must be taken into consideration while designing murals in architectural and urban spaces, So design considerations, scientific and technical systems and standards were put forwared that govern the basics of mural design, as well as the way to employ them as one of the elements of space in an integrated system, the designer should take into account to formulate murals according to a concept that is consistent with architecture and urbanism.

أصبحت المرونة هي "المجال المعماري الذي يهتم باستمرارية عمل المبنى أو المنشأة رغم تغير الاشتراطات الوظيفية، من خلال إعادة تشکيله بحيث يستطيع الاستمرار بتلبية المتطلبات الجديدة.يرجع الهدف الأساسي للبحث الي اقتراح حلول تصميمية تحقق المرونة في المسکن للاستجابة لتغير الاحتياجات والمتطلبات من وقت إلى آخر فيه، بحيث يفهم التغيير والتجديد على أنه إمکانية إعادة التشکيل بشکل منظَّم لاختيار الخيار الأفضل الذي يساعد على إيجاد حلول مرنة وعصرية تلبي احتياجات المستخدمين المتغيرة ونشاطاتهم الجديدة بشکل متزامن ومتوافق معها، وذلک من خلال وضع بدائل متنوعة على المستوى الوظيفي.تم تطبيق المنهج التحليلي في دراسة منزل شرودر في أوتريخيت بهولندا و الذي تم تصميمه من قبل جيريت ريتفلد عام 1924بحيث أن تکون الفراغات قابلة للتحويل لتتکيف مع أي أوضاع جديدة ،بمعني عندما يکبر الأبناء ويترکوا البيت بعضهم أو کلهم وتعيش مسز شرودر صاحبة المنزل بمفردها وغير ذلک تميُّزه يکمن في معالجته الدقيقة للفراغ المعماري وللوظائف المختلفة في المبنى. وقد تأثّر به العديد من المعماريين المعاصرين له واستمرّ هذا التأثير حتى وقتنا الحاضر، توصلت الدراسة لمجموعة من النتائج و هي أن التصميم هو صيغة التوفيق بين المطالب الخاصة للأفراد مع احتياجاتهم الفعلية في صورة حلول معمارية مرضية توفر توازنا فکريا وعمليا حتى يتحقق النجاح للمشروعات السکنية.

dability of limestone in their mixtures. This behavior may be attributed to the Representative samples of limestone, ilmenite, and quartz, were dry batch ground separately and in binary mixtures of limestone – ilmenite and limestone-quartz in different compositions in the ball mill. The study aimed to investigate the effect of the mixture composition on the mill product characteristics as reflected on each of the two components. The results indicated that quartz affects as a hard component more than the ilmenite as a heavy component on the grinability of quartz to transfer the kinetic energy of the grinding media to limestone component more than ilmenite, which increases the preferential comminution of limestone by quartz more than that by ilmenite.

Mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori L. is in-fected with many diseases. In this work, two fungi species, Aspergillus fumigatus and As-pergillus flavus, were isolated from the in-fected B. mori larvae during rearing process. The morphological symptoms were the same for both fungi and appeared from newly hatched larvae until moth formation. In larvae, black spots of both fungi species appeared eve-rywhere on the body, then these spots extended and eventually larvae died, and fragments of the fungus came out from the spots. The only one difference between the two fungi, is that symptoms of A. fumigatus appeared four days earlier than those of A. flavus. Newly hatched larvae were sprayed with spore suspension (1x106 conidia spores/ml) of A. fumigates and A. flavus separately. One and 12 hrs. after in-oculation, larvae were sprayed with different concentrations of fungicide (Actamyl), sali-cylic acid, and henna and propolis powders, in isolation. After words, mortality and survival percentages were calculated and compared to those that occurred in untreated check (larvae were inoculated with A. fumigatus and A. fla-vus separately without any control treatment). The lowest mortality and highest survival per-centage were occurred in larvae treated with salicylic acid at 10% after 12 hrs. from inocu-lation with A. fumigatus. On the other hand, the lowest mortality and highest survival percent-ages occurred in larvae treated with the fungi-cide Actamyl at 6% and henna at 15% after 12 hrs. from inoculation with A. flavus.

This study was to evaluate the activity of peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase, pectin methyl esterase and protease as well as the proximate chemical composition and quality parameters of cactus pear and papaya which were dried by different methods and stored for 6 months. Our findings revealed that the highest moisture content was recorded in osmo – freeze drying of papaya and cactus pear. On the other hand, the browning index of oven dried papaya and cactus pear was higher than those dried with osmotic dehydration and osmo – freeze drying. The less activity of peroxidase was recorded in osmo – freeze drying of papaya and cactus pear. Also, the highest reduction of polyphe-noloxidase activity was noticed in osmo–freeze drying methods. While oven dried pa-paya recorded the highest activity of pectin methyl esterase pectin (0.34 %), complete in-activation was shown in other dried methods after 6 months of storage at 4 ±1℃. Different dried methods of papaya caused to reduce the activity of protease, moreover, complete inac-tivation was observed after 3 months from storage. The quality parameters for sensory evaluation of dried cactus pear and papaya demonstrated that osmo–freeze drying was more favorable to preserve samples followed by osmotic dehydration and oven drying.

إنَّ هناك فروقًا مهمَّة بين التَّعبيرين: التَّعبير بالجملة الاسميَّة، والتَّعبير بالجملة الفعليَّة، فالكثيرون من اللُّغويين لا يذكرون هنا إلا الجانب الشَّكلي للكلمة المتقدّمة دون الإشارة إلى ما وراء هذا الشَّكل من جوانب دلاليَّة؛ وهذه الفروق تعتمد على المسند إليه أاسم هو أم فعل؟ فإذا كان المسند إليه اسمًا فإنَّ دلالته تختلف عن كونه فعلاً، والجملة تبنى عليه لأنَّه أساسها، وبالتَّالي فإنَّ دلالة الجملة كلّها تتغيّر؛ فالجملة الاسميَّة إذا تكوَّنت من اسمين مرفوعين دلَّت على الدَّوام والاستمرار بخلاف الجملة الفعليَّة؛ فالاسميَّة تدلُّ على الثُّبوت وذلك إذا كانت اسميَّة محضة- أي خالية من فعل- فإنْ كانت غير محضة- وهي الَّتي يكون فيها الخبر جملة فعليَّة- فإنَّها تفيد مع الثُّبوت التَّجدّد، وقد تفيد الاستمرار التَّجدّدي، أمَّا الجملة الفعليَّة فإنَّها بخلاف هذا؛ حيث تدلُّ على التَّغير والتَّبدل في الأمر. الجملة الاسميَّة أكثر لواحق؛ حيث إنَّها قد تتركب من اسم وفعل، فكلُّ ما يكون الفعل في جملتها من لواحق تحمله معه، وبجانب هذه اللَّواحق للخبر في الجملة الاسميَّة توجد لواحق أحيانًا للاسم الأوَّل المرفوع فيها، وبذلك يتَّضح أنَّ لواحق الجملة الاسميَّة تتعدّد تعدّدًا واسعًا، ممَّا يجعلها أكثر اتِّساعًا للمعاني. كما أنَّ التَّقدّم للاسم أو الفعل مرتبط بأهمية المتقدِّم بالنِّسبة للعناصر أو الأطراف المشاركة في الموقف اللُّغوي؛ فدلالة هذا التَّقدّم ترتد إلى محاولة المتكلِّم تلبية احتياجات الظُّروف المؤثِّرة في الموقف اللُّغويِّ. وتجدر الإشارة إلى أنَّ البحث متوَّج بإطار تطبيقي في آيات القرآن الكريم للاستدلال من خلال على بيان أهمِّ الفروق الدِّلاليَّة بين الجملتين- الاسميَّة والفعليَّة- وذلك من خلال الاستعانة بآراء اللُّغويين والمفسِّرين لإيضاح الفكرة وتأكيدها.

Ores are generally very heterogeneous in their physical properties. Variation of the ore from a mine can cause the mill feed to vary in grindability. In the comminution of heterogeneous materials, an understanding of how different constituents behave by themselves and how they interact with each other may prove useful not only for understanding grinding mill action but also for obtaining the optimum values which used in mathematical modelling. Locked cycle tests show that in the grinding of mixtures relatively long time is required to attain steady state, during which the composition of the mill contents continuously change. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to study the behavior of the components of limestone-quartz binary mixture at different ratios of mixing from the start point to attain the steady state condition using the experimental fixed-time locked-cycle tests. It is shown that attaining the steady state condition in a fixed time locked cycle is faster with low circulating load for soft material than those for hard one when they ground separately. As admixture, the hard component appearance increases gradually with decreasing the fineness of the product as its percentage increases in the feed.

Knowledge of the grindability behavior of solid materials can be considered as an important factor for the design of their grindability systems. Bond work index (Wi) can be considered as one of the most important affecting factors in the design of grinding systems which express on the value of energy (kwh) consumed per ton of the ground ore. In this research the Bond work index (Wi) is appointed using the standard Bond test and Karra's and Kapur's abbreviated algorithm's for some Egyptian ores which can be used in some strategic industries such as ceramics and cement. These ores include quartz, white marble, Nephline syenite, cement clinker, kaolin, ilmenite and barite. Experiments are carried out at different percentages of ore filling ratio and different test sieve aperatures. The study cleared that, Values of the Bond work index (Wi) resulted from the three mentioned methods are quite similar. It is shown also that the filling ratio affects greatly on the value of the work index. The index value increases by decreasing the test screen aperture (degree of fineness). It is recommended to identify each of the filling ratio and degree of fineness for appointing the work index as a pre request for the design of grinding systems.

هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى التعرف على فعالية برنامج تدريبي لغوي قائم على منهج منتسوري لتنمية المهارات اللغوية للأطفال ذوي صعوبات تعلم اللغة، تكونت عينة الدراسة من (6) من لأطفال ذوي صعوبات تعلم اللغة ممن تتراوح أعمارهم بين (5-6) أعوام بمتوسط عمري (5.500) وانحراف معياري (0.548) ، وتكونت الأدوات من اختبار رسم الرجل جوادنف هاريس (2004): ترجمة محمد فرغلي فراج ؛ وعبد الحليم محمود السيد ؛ وصفية مجدي، وقائمة صعوبات التعلم النمائية لأطفال الروضة إعداد/ عادل عبدالله(2006)، المقياس اللغوي المعرب لأطفال ما قبل المدرسة / إعداد / أحمد أبو حسيبة (2011 ) البرنامج التدريبي لتنمية المهارات اللغوية باستخدام منهج منتسوري لأطفال الروضة ذوي صعوبات التعلم اللغوية (إعداد/الباحثة)، وأسفرت الدراسة عن، وجود فروق دالّة إحصائيًّا بين متوسطي رتب درجات مجموعة الدراسة التجريبية في القياسين الإجرائيين القَبلي والبَعدي على مقياس المهارات اللغوية لدى أطفال الروضة عند مستوى (0.05) لصالح القياس البَعدي، وعدم وجود فروق دالّة إحصائيًّا بين متوسطي رتب درجات مجموعة الدراسة التجريبية في القياسين البَعدي والتتبعي على مقياس المهارات اللغوية لدى أطفال الروضة عند مستوى دلالة (0.05)، وتوجد فعالية بدرجة مرتفعة للبرنامج التدريبي اللغوي القائم على منهج منتسوري لتنمية المهارات اللغوية للأطفال الروضة ذوي صعوبات تعلم اللغة.

The purpose of this study is to improve texture, flavor and overall quality of low-fat white soft cheese. Using sodium caseinate (SC) and / or butter milk powder (BMP) in different ratios. Buffalo’s milk was divided into two portions. The first portion was standardized to 3% fat and served as a control (1). The second portion was standardized to 1% fat and sub divided into five parts, the first part was served as control (2), the second part fortified with 2% SC (T1), the third part fortified with 2% BMP (T2), forth part fortified with 1% SC + 1% BMP (T3) and fifth part fortified with 0.5% SC + 1.5% BMP (T4). All cheese treatments stored in salted whey (5% NaCl) at 5±2°C up to 3 months. The results indicated that, control (2) had obviously lower moisture content than control (1). Addition of sodium caseinate and / or butter milk powder to cheese milk led to an increase in moisture content of resultant cheese compared to control (2). A slight increase was observed in total nitrogen % of low-fat all soft cheese treatments versus control (2) being more obvious in T2 and T3. Low-fat soft cheese treatments were characterized by higher soluble nitrogen % than control (2). Moreover, the results showed also that, replacing of milk fat with SC + BMP caused a decrease in hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, chewiness and gumminess in fresh cheese compared to control (2). Sensory properties of Low-fat soft cheese were highly improved by adding SC + BMP to cheese milk as a fat replacer. Low-fat soft cheese was most preferable in T3 with adding SC + BMP (1:1), those improved the compositional as well as the organoleptical properties, especially its body and texture of low fat brined soft cheese after 90 days of cold storage.

Addition of whole cereal grains’ meal as a source of dietary fibers for the development of tarhana as a value-added functional food was the aim of this study. The effect of substituting wheat flour 72% (WF) with different ratios of whole wheat meal (WWM), oat flakes meal (OFM), whole barley meal (WBM) and mixed-cereal meal (OFM& WBM) on functional, rheological, color and sensorial properties of tarhana samples was determined. Whole cereal grains’ meal showed higher contents of protein, lipids, ash, crude fibers and total phenolic compounds in comparison to wheat flour (72%). pH values of tarhana samples were reduced from 5.22-5.89 to 4.81-5.09 after 72 h. of fermentation. The flow behavior index of tarhana soup samples ranged between 0.11-0.19, indicating the pseudoplasticity of tarhana samples. The higher value of consistency coefficient was recorded for OFM 50% sample followed by WWM 100% sample. Fermentation loss values of tarhana samples ranged between 7.12% for OFM 25% sample and 12.61% for mixed-cereal 50% sample. Substitution of WF in tarhana formulations with whole cereal grains’ meal reduced the yellowness of tarhana samples. Addition of different whole cereal grains’ meal significantly (p

The research aims to Studying the level of students' achievement of knowledge and the skillful performance of drawing and preparing women's jackets model for each of methods (Natali method & Aldrich method) To find the best way in drawing and preparing women's jackets model, which leads to higher achievement and skill levels. Finding the ideal system in teaching the course of drawing and preparing of women's jackets, studying the effectiveness in the development of knowledge and skills and identify the attitudes of students towards the selected methods. The results showed that: The method of drawing and preparing the model of women's jacket Aldrich is superior to The method of drawing and preparing the model of women's jacket Bray Natali For the knowledge aspect of the third axis, as for the skill side, the method of Natali was superior for the first axis of the two groups, in view of the arithmetic average, we find that the Natali method is slightly better than the Aldrich method. For the second axis, the Aldrich method was superior to the first group and the two methods were equal in acquiring the skills. With reference to the arithmetic average, the Aldrich method is slightly better than the Natali method. As for the third axis, the results were in favor of the Aldrich method in the first experimental group and the two methods were similar in acquiring the skills for the second group. In view of the arithmetic average, the Aldrich method is slightly better than the Natali method. The two methods have been effective in developing the cognitive and skill aspects of drawing and preparing the women's jacket model for the students of the two groups. The comparison between the groups refers to that the first group which studied (drawing and preparing the model of the "Aldrich Winifred" followed by "Bray Natali" is better than the second group which studied (drawing and preparing the jacket model in "Bray Natali" followed by drawing and preparing the model "Aldrich Winifred"). The students' opinions indicated a preference for (drawing and preparing the model of the jacket in Aldrich method) than (drawing and preparing the model of the jacket in a Bray Natali method).

This study was carried out to investigate the possibility of utilization of barley flour in production of pan bread. wheat flour of (72% extract) was replaced by 10, 15 and 20% barley flour. The effect of such replacements on physical and chemical characteristics of produced pan bread were studied. The results indicated that barley flour had a higher contents of chemical composition than that in wheat flour except carbohydrate content was the highest in wheat flour (85.53%) than in barley flour (76.67%),whereas, protein, ash, dietary fiber, β-glucan and antioxidant were higher content in barley flour (13.63, 2.44, 19.00, 8.65, 97.34 respectively) as compared with its content in wheat flour (12.26, 0.49, 4.88, 0.34, 55.33 respctively),while, wet gluten and falling number were reduced by added barley in composite flour. The rheological properties of the five dough mixes were studied using farinograph and extensograph. The water absorption and dough weakening increased as the percentage of barley flour increased, while were decreased the extensibility and maximum resistance to extension . The results of sensory characteristies of prepared bread (containes10% barley flour) was not significants different from control for crust color, grain and texture. The results revealed that it was possible to use barley flour at level of 10, 15% to produce bread that satisfied baker's and consumer's sensory expectation. This levels may be to increased the nutritional value from dietary fibers, β-glucan, minerals, vitamins and antioxidants.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of partial substitution (5, 10 and15%) of wheat flour (72% ext.) by whole meal quinoa flour (QF) on quality parameter of pan bread. QF contained the highest percentage of protein, Lipids, ash and crude fiber. Also, QF contained the highest amount of essential amino acids such as (threonine, methionine, lysine and histidine). From the results, it could be seen that, water absorption and degree of softening increased by increasing the substitution levels, but stability, resistance to extensions and energy of dough decreased. The addition of QF adversely affected on the specific volume of pan bread. The lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) of pan bread decreased, but redness (a*) increased gradually by increasing QF. Evaluation of the organoleptic properties of pan bread revealed that no significant differences (P≥0.05) between control sample and bread samples contained QF for taste and summitry form. The bread contained QF had higher score for crust color, pore size and overall acceptability than control sample. Hardness (g) of pan bread increased and springiness decreased gradually during storage of bread at (25˚c ±2). The rate of staling of bread contained QF lower than control sample. Gluten – free biscuit made from 100%QF contained the highest percentage of protein, lipids, ash and crude fiber compared to that of corn and rice – quinoa composite flour. The addition of corn and rice flour adversely affected on the thickness, diameter and spread ratio. The highest spread ratio was noticed in the biscuit made from 100% QF. It is worth mentioning that the biscuit made from 100 % QF or that of corn and rice – quinoa composite flour gave the biscuit with sensory acceptable. On the other hand, it could be noticed to that the biscuit contained high level of quinoa flour was darker in compared to another samples.

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) belongs to the family Asteraceae. The current study used the fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (F-AFLP) technique for evaluating the genetic diversity among 14 sunflower genotypes including eight agronomical traits. Highly significant difference between genotypes was observed for all studied traits (p≤ 0.01). The results of correlation between the studied traits (p≤ 0.05) revealed that positive correlations were observed between most of the traits. Six F-AFLP combination were succeeded in the development of 178 molecular markers within a total of 1007 polymorphic bands, with 97.42% polymorphic percentage. Concerning the molecular markers associated traits, 73 were observed related to morphological and yield component traits. These results may facilitate the simultaneous selection of several economic traits and can thus improve the efficacy of selection based on F-AFLP in the sunflower breeding programs.

Different research reports have revealed that food industry by-products can be considered as good sources of potentially valuable bioactive compounds. This study was performed to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of the peel extracts of pomegranate (PoP), mango (MaP), prickly-pear (PrP), Cantaloupe (CaP) and pea (PeP) using different solvent polarity (methanol, ethanol, ethylacetate and water) to particular attention to their content of total phenolics and flavoniods. Among all tested extracts, ethanolic extracts of PoP, MaP and PrP and aqueous extract of CaPand PeP were shown to exhibited a significant (p≤0.05) highest extraction yield, total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity (measured by DPPH,ABTS and FRAP methods). The antioxidant capacity of different peel extracts was showed the following descending order, MaP>PoP>PrP>CaP≈ PeP. Also there was a strong positive correlation between the DPPH, ABTS, FRAP values and total phenolic as well as, flavoniod contents of different peels extracts. Seventeen phenolic compounds were identified and quantified by HPLC-UV analysis in different peel extracts. Galic acid was identified as the major compound in MaP and PoP extracts, while it was rutin in the case PrP,CaPand PeP extracts. From the results obtained, fruit and vegetable peels can be considered as good sources of valuable bioactive compounds.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of partial substitution (10 and 15%) of wheat flour by sorghum or chickpea flour on quality parameters of sponge cake and biscuit. Chickpea flour contained the highest percentage of protein, lipids, ash and crude fiber. Water absorption was increased by replacement of wheat flour with sorghum or chickpea flour. From the obtained data, it could be seen that the deleterious effect of adding sorghum flour to wheat flour on the rheological properties was more pronounced than that happened when chickpea flour was added. Cake prepared with sorghum flour had less pronounced improvements in its chemical composition rather than those of chickpea. With regard to volume and specific volume, cake prepared with 10% chickpea flour with or without cake improver recorded the highest values. Cake prepared by chickpea flour had no any unfavorable sensory change especially for the cake produced by cake improver. Crude protein, lipids, ash and crude fiber contents were increased progressively in all biscuit samples with increasing of either the sorghum or chickpea flour levels. Also, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) between the thickness and spread ratio of control biscuit compared to that of sorghum or chickpea- wheat composite flour. It is worth mentioning that the substitution of wheat flour with chickpea flour gave biscuit more sensory acceptable.

The present investigation was carried out at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture at Fayoum, Cario University at Dalla, Fayoum Governorate during the two seasons 2000/2001 and 2001/2002. The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of organic manure and number of berseem cuts on cotton yield and its components and fiber traits. The obtained results indicate that only plant height at harvest, number of fruiting branches / plant and the height of the 1st fruiting branch were significantly affected by organic manure (O.M.) application. On the other hand, organic manure did not affect significantly the seed cotton yield, yield components and fiber quality traits. Cotton planting dates affected significantly all studied vegetative growth, seed cotton yield, yield components and fiber quality traits. Early planting date (1st week of March) showed significant superiority over the other two planting dates (1st week of April & May) in number of fruiting branches/ plant, number of days to 1st flower appearance and 1st boll opening, number and weight of open bolls/ plant in the 1st& 2nd pickings, seed cotton yield, lint percentages and studied fiber quality traits. The decreases in the total seed cotton yield attributed to the late planting dates (1st week of April & May) amounted 26.4 and 84.8% and 30.6 and 84.1% of March planting with the treatments of 10 and 20 m3/ fad organic manure, respectively.

This paper, which is entitled "The Inheritance in Fayez Khadour's Poetry" aims at studying and analyzing the methods of inspiring the different types of inherited elements in the poetic text, with the purpose of uncovering two things: first, the visions they contain, which entails laying the importance on the (text language), meaning the style used in forming the text language, based on the fact that poetry is an aesthetic, cognitive and linguistic structure and any deviation in any of these characteristics results in a deviation in poetry from its true concept; second: the new space that the poet presented in this aspect of his poetic experience and the amount of distinction and difference which he achieved from his fellow poets of poetry of modernity. I have discussed the methods of using the inheritance in Khadour's poetry in two fields: the folkloric and literary inheritance, and the religious and mythic inheritance. I purposely joined together one aspect of these fields in one context because of the proximity of their references on the one hand, and in orderto avoid the wordiness which is not applicable within the limits of this paper on the other hand.

A laboratory experiment was carried out to study the early growth response of 22 sugar beet (Beta vulgaris, L.) varieties to four salt concentrations of seawater i.e. 2000, 4000, 8000 and 16000 ppm. Germination and seedling growth traits (germination percentage (%), germination rate, seedling length (cm), seedling fresh weight (mg) and seedling vigor) were determined at the end of the experiment after 30 days from planting. The results showed that increasing the salinity level decreased the germination %, germination rate, seedling length, seedling fresh weight and seedling vigor of all sugar beet varieties under investigation to different extents. The results also clearly revealed that the response of the investigated varieties to salt concentrations was not the same, some varieties approved to be highly salt tolerant i.e. Soultan, Kawmira and Desprez; others were very sensitivity tolerant i.e. Helsiniki and LP16. However most of the investigated varieties were moderately salt tolerant. Results revealed clearly that the interaction effect between sugar beet varieties and salt concentrations was significant. This significant effect means that the tested varieties do not behave the same under the different levels of salinity stress.

Anthocyanins derived from red cabbage were extracted, and identified by using HPLC. These pigments are used as alternative natural red colorants in some processed foods i.e.; hard candy; jelly and ice sherbets. They are also effect of using as natural antioxidant on sunflower oil. Red cabbage has 90.5 mg anthocyanin /100 gm on fresh weights. Where the major constituents were cyaniding-3-diglucoside-5-glucoside (80%) and cyanidin 3, 5 diglucoside (20%) with HPLC. The best carrier for red cabbage anthocyanin pigment was found to be dextrin followed by cellulose, soluble starch and glucose respectively. On the other hand, color and higher pigment stability of anthocyanin derived from red cabbage were in acidic condition at pH ranged between 1.0 to 4.0 and in temperatures ranged between 40 to 80ºC. Meanwhile, the degradation of anthocyanin being 10% of total pigments after 180 min at 100ºC. Antioxidant activities of red cabbage anthocyanin were assessed by determining peroxide value on sunflower oil during 7 days at 60ºC. Sunflower oil contained 200 ppm red cabbage extract showed lower peroxide value being (9.92) than using 200 ppm synthetic antioxidant (BHT) (10.12) meq/Kg. Analysis of variance for sensory evaluation of prepared hard candy, jelly and ice sherbets indicated that, hard candy, jelly contained 0.10% and ice sherbets contained 0.20% red cabbage anthocyanin pigments revealed the highest score of color, taste, odor and overall acceptability similar with synthetic color (carmine).

The effect mycorhizal fungi on tomato wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum was studied. The results showed that % of disease incidence reduced in treatment whit mycorrhizal fungi . % of disease incidence reached to 33% when plants infected with mycorrhizae and Fusarium wilt compared to plants infected with Fusarium wilt just where% of disease incidence reached to 70% .The results showed a sighificant increased in plant height ,leaf number , fresh and dry matter of shoot and root in treated plants with mycorrhiza and Fusarium wilt compared whit treated plants with Fusarium wilt.The increase in plant height reached 24.13% ,16.93% in leaf number,36.13% in wet weight of shoot ,48.14 in wet weight of root,30.37% in dry weight of shoot and 29.18% in dry weight of root in treated plants with mycorrhiza and Fusarium wilt.

The effect mycorhizal fungi on tomato wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum was studied. The results showed that % of disease incidence reduced in treatment whit mycorrhizal fungi . % of disease incidence reached to 33% when plants infected with mycorrhizae and Fusarium wilt compared to plants infected with Fusarium wilt just where% of disease incidence reached to 70% .The results showed a sighificant increased in plant height ,leaf number , fresh and dry matter of shoot and root in treated plants with mycorrhiza and Fusarium wilt compared whit treated plants with Fusarium wilt.The increase in plant height reached 24.13% ,16.93% in leaf number,36.13% in wet weight of shoot ,48.14 in wet weight of root,30.37% in dry weight of shoot and 29.18% in dry weight of root in treated plants with mycorrhiza and Fusarium wilt.