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The research aimed at identify the level of benefit of rural women from the small projects they implement in the study area, determine the level of satisfaction of rural women respondents to their projects, and identify the problems facing rural women in the implementation of their projects, and finally to identify the requirements of the success of small projects from the perspective of rural respondents In the study area. This research was conducted in the Governorates of Menoufia and Sharqia, where they are one of the most Governorates of the Republic that are carrying out small projects, in the villages of Samadoun and Sakiet Abu Sha'ara from Ashmoun District, and Shanawan and Salka from Shebin El-Kom District in Menoufia Governorate, and the villages of Arab Darwish and Ghazali from the district of Faqous, Talbaneh and Bishat Amer from the district of Minya Alkameh Sharqia. The study sample was a purposive sample based on the informants, consisting of 480 projects, a total of nearly 40%, by 240 projects from each Governorate. Frequencies, percentages, weighted mean were used to analyze and describe the data of this research. The results of the study were as follows: - The majority of rural respondents in Menoufia Governorate had a high level of economic, social, community, and environmental benefit, while the majority of rural respondents in Sharqia Governorate had an average level of economic, social and community benefit, while their environmental level of benefit was low. - The level of satisfaction of rural respondents with small projects in the two Governorates was average. - As for the problems faced by rural women in implementing their projects in the two governorates, they were found to be: high prices of raw materials, high interest rates of loans, and the lack of clear criteria for the selection and recruitment of labor, and rely on random marketing, the owner of the project does not have the skills of control and follow-up. - As for the requirements of the success of small projects in the two focused Governorates, it was found that the most important ones are: There should be grace periods before repaying loans, establishing associations to market project products, improving the condition of roads, improving water and electricity sewage networks, expanding the establishment of transport companies, and holding periodic training courses. For managers of small projects, bypassing some documents that are difficult to provide such as the commercial register and tax card when licensing the establishment of small enterprises, and insurance on projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Prime Minister of India marked 28th April 2018 as a historic day in the journey of Indian development. Through a tweet, he claimed that on this day electricity has reached to each and every village in India. Taking this claim as a starting point, this paper looks into Rural Electrification and Politics of Infrastructure in Khannat, a village in south east of Madhya Pradesh. This paper is a reflection on a collaborative action research on rural electrification in the village Khannat. It proposes to show how this intervention cannot merely be read as an intervention around energy and Infrastructure. It shows that through the tropes of rural electrification, how ‘infrastructure’ can be a method to revisit village studies. Infrastructure in the history of development thought has been tied to the idea of ‘growth’ and ‘modernity’. This work is based on a methodology that is premised on knowledge production through immersion in a ‘local’ world. However, ‘infrastructure’ is a concept that is clearly ‘translocal’. Thus, it aims to unpack the ethnocentric view of infrastructure and explore if the community can produce its own idiom of infrastructure. Through rural electrification, this paper aims to critique the way Infrastructure Development is undertaken in rural India and how local meanings of infrastructure are completely ignored.