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Copyright of Zarqa Journal for Research & Studies in Humanities is the property of Zarqa Journal for Research & Studies in Humanities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to shed light on the reality of tax revenue and to identify its determinants in Jordan. This is done by analysing the impact of a set of economic and non-economic factors on tax revenue. Economic factors were represented by the real GDP, consumer price index CPI, foreign direct investment FDI, and economic openness, meanwhile, noneconomic factors were represented by corruption and amendments to tax laws. In order to achieve its objectives, the study uses a descriptive method in addition to econometric analysis to time-series data for the period (1995-2019) using several models. Three econometric models were constructed: total tax revenue model, sales tax revenue model, and income tax revenue model. The models were constructed by employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach, and depending on the results of standard diagnostic tests. The study found that the real GDP and CPI are the main determinants of tax revenue in Jordan. It also found that corruption has a significant negative impact on tax revenue, on contrast, amendments to tax laws has no clear impact or has insignificant impact on tax revenue. Thus, the study emphasizes the importance of maintaining price stability to reduce tax revenue volatility. Moreover, in order to increase tax revenue, the study recommends the government to stimulate economic growth, fight corruption, and that any suggested amendment to tax laws in the future should be studied more deeply; in order to ensure that its impact will be clearly reflected on tax revenue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Research in Finance & Accounting is the property of Journal of Research in Finance & Accounting and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Economic Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Contemporary Islamic Studiens Magazine is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The agricultural sector is considered the most important pillar of the Egyptian economic structure, for its contribution to economic development by increasing the national income, by increasing exports and decreasing imports, and then providing the food and non-food needs of the community, but at the same time Egyptian agriculture suffers from the increasing rates of waste in some products. Sesame crop (Sesam) is one of the most important oil crops in Egypt. and most of them are subject to agricultural waste, whether production or marketing, and the research problem is represented in the high percentage of waste during production stages and various agricultural operations and also during marketing of the sesame crop, the size of which varies according to the efficiency of each stage, as the amount of waste increases as the crop dries up, as well as the quantity Wastes resulting from harvesting, birds, transportation, storage and infection with fungi, and then affecting the volume of waste. Which negatively affects its productivity, and waste the resources used in its production, Which results in achieving losses for the farms, and the study showed that the total loss during production (productive loss) of the sesame crop in the study sample amounted to about 18.75 kg, and represented in losses as a result of weather conditions, and losses as a result of insects, pests and birds, and the highest production loss was as a result of insects and pests. And birds, followed by the losses as a result of weather conditions, and the total marketing loss of the sesame crop in the study sample was about 27.3 kg / ton, represented in the losses of collection, sorting, packing and transportation, then the losses as a result of the sorting and grading process, and finally the losses as a result of the transportation process. It was found through the questionnaire form on the subject of the study that the most important proposals and solutions to confront these problems and reduce that loss are the provision of production requirements at reasonable prices and the provision of price control, the provision of varieties resistant to fungal diseases and with high productivity, the provision of machines for automatic harvesting, the provision of appropriate and equipped collection and storage centers, the speed of marketing the crop through activating the role of agricultural extension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research has originally aimed at identifying the guiding needs of farmers of orange which is exported at Kkafr El dwar, Behiera Governorate. The data of this research was obtained through a questionnaire form through an interview with a sample of 120 interviewees who were randomly selected from those who produce Orange for export in three villages, namely (Kobaneyat Abu Qeer, Al Tarh, Al Kanayes) in Kafr - El dwar representing 18% of Orange farmers, whose names are registered in counting and listing records in Agricultureal Department and Agricultureal Directorate in Kkafr – El dwar. Field data of this research was collected using the personal questionnaire during May and June 2021. The data wase entered and scheduled, using some statistical methods such as percentage, mean, average, standard deviation and simple correlation coefficient, as well as frequency distribution tables to exptain the results. Most important results of the research: - The level of knowledge of 78% of the interviewees of the technical recommendations of the production and marketing of Orange was low and medium, while this execution of these recommendation by 87.5% of them was low and medium. - The level of total need for understanding these technical recommendations by 69.5% of the interviewees was medium and high, while the total executive need of these recommendations by 92.5% of them was low and medium. - The most important problems that face the interviewees in the stages of production and marketing of Orange are as follows: problems of productivity, including: high prices of production requirements and poor quality of them, difficulty of providing trainded technical labour and high wages of them, bad properties and quality of fruits, as well as problems of marketing Orange, such as instability of sale prices, control of prices by exportation stations, poor negotiation by interviewees, which leads to unfair prices, high cost of laborers used to harvest, categorize and package, inavailability of near wholesale markets and high rates of loss. - The most important proposals from the interviewees, point of view is to provide seeds from reliable places, hold training courses to provide technical information in time, provide pestisides with appropriate prices, increase number of specialized guides in each village, encourage contractual agriculture system, train agriculture workers, care for cooperative marketing of Orange and care for marketing guidance to decrease the loss of Orange and increase the Orange to be exported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research mainly aimed to study the nature and description of the global market for yellow maize, to identify the type and composition of the market and who controls the clarity of its price policies, so that decision makers can develop appropriate mechanisms for trade and production policies. The most important conclusions: 1- That the global yellow maize market is an oligopoly market, and that America, Brazil, Argentina and Ukraine represent the informal cartel, whose average amount of exports represents about 66% of the world's exports of them. 2- The growth rates of the amount of global imports amounted to about 3% annually during the study period, while this rate in the amount of Egypt’s imports amounted to about 5% annually, and this means that the amount of Egypt’s imports increases at a faster rate than the global growth rate, which is indicated by the equations of The general time trend of Egyptian and international imports. 3- Ukraine, as an exporting country of yellow corn, is the first and most important source for Egypt, while the Argentine market is considered the first competitor to the Ukrainian market in relation to the Egyptian import market, where the price elasticity of it is estimated - 0.7. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Baghdad College of Economic Sciences University is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research aims to identify the effects of local changes on the prices of all commodities in general and agricultural food in particular. It became clear from the results of the field study that there are positive changes in the prices of rice, lentils, and local beans, with an increase rate during the first half of 2022 compared to the first half of 2021, amounting to about 73.3%, 10.2%, and 10.5% in the previous arrangement, compared to About 69.2%, 13%, and 11.11% for rural areas, in the previous order. The prices of oranges, bananas, and grapes also increased, by about 33.3%, 31.8%, and 31.8%, for each of them, respectively, from urban markets during the first half of 2022 compared to 2021, while the percentage of decline in the prices of imported apples was, Municipal apples, mangoes, fresh apricots, about 14.3%, 16.7%, 12.5%, 30% in 2022 compared to 2021 in the same previous order and at the level of urban markets. By examining the seasonal changes index for the commodities under study in the transit market, the seasonal index for onions reached its maximum in January at about 121.5%, and the lowest in June, with a seasonal index of about 71.67%. While the summer orange reached its maximum in August, with a seasonal index of about 146.43%, and the lowest in October, with a seasonal index of about 31.35%. It also reached its maximum for tilapia 1 in October, with a seasonal index of about 119.32%, and the lowest in January, with a seasonal index of about 60.66%. The research recommends the following: 1- The need for the intervention of the state and the Consumer Protection Agency to monitor the markets in order to achieve a balance in the prices of agricultural and food commodities 2- The need to control the storage of seasonal commodities to ensure the flow of commodities throughout the year and the stability of prices, in addition to paying attention to agricultural manufacturing, especially for perishable commodities. 3- Increasing the penalties in the old monopoly laws to limit the greed of merchants. 4- Expanding the sale of subsidized commodities through kiosks and consumer associations spread across rural and urban areas. 5- Benefiting from the results of the seasonal analysis of quantities and prices in drawing up policies and plans in order to increase the benefit from the quantities produced of agricultural and food commodities throughout the year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]