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Copyright of Journal of Community Development is the property of University of Tehran and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Contemporary Islamic Studiens Magazine is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Contemporary Islamic Studiens Magazine is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Idafat : Arab Journal of Sociology is the property of Centre for Arab Unity Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Recently, the study of poverty in the Arab countries has gained high importance due to the rise of poverty levels in some countries and the high risks of falling in it in others. This study analyzes the state of poverty in the Arab countries, investigates its development trends, identifies its causes and then relates it to inequality in income distribution. Also, the study examines the dynamics of poverty in the Arab countries and tests the relationship between it and economic growth using econometric modeling in order to assess the economic growth mechanism's ability to reduce the number of poor and reduce their poverty disparities. Besides modeling the factors affecting economic growth in the middle- and low-income Arab countries. The study differs from previous studies in using different scientific and statistical methodologies. It employs a different econometric model specification by including some variables such as good governance and institution since its importance in explaining the causes of poverty. Moreover, the study uses recent database on poverty and modern definitions for poor people based on the new global poverty lines (1.9$, 3.2$, 5.5$ per day) not used in the previous studies (1$, 1.25$ per day). The results of the analysis of poverty dynamics in Arab countries indicate that the number of poor people decreased annually by (0.58%) during the period 1981-2013. This rate will possibility allow most of the Arab countries to exit poverty at the global poverty line of $ 1.9 per day within a period of 10 years provided that their percapita income grows at a rate of 4% per annum, except Sudan, Yemen, Comoros, and Mauritania. Also, the study finds that increasing economic growth rates leads to reduction in the number of poor people and decline in poverty gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of The Planner & Development is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Poverty constitutes one of the main problems in many countries of the world as it is one of the obstacles to development. In recent years, the Arab countries have suffered from a state of political, economic and security crises that have led to low levels of development as a reflection of low and deteriorating incomes, which led to an increase in poverty rates in many countries. Like many countries, Egypt relies on foreign investment to finance its various development programs, where successful development policies depend on the volume of planned investments and the efficiency of the distribution and use of these investments in various fields. Despite the importance of investment, the volume of investment in Egypt remains modest compared to economically developed countries, with international reports indicating that Egypt accounts for about 9 billion dollars of the total inflows of Arab countries estimated at 41 billion dollars in 2019. However, the impact of the influx on the Foreign Investment of Egypt has not clearly reflected on the rate of economic growth, nor has it shown its positive effects on the level of poverty in society. This leads us to question the efficiency of exploiting foreign direct investment in reducing poverty in Egypt compared to some Arab countries, especially with few studies on the relationship between investment and poverty reduction. Hence, the research aims to measure the efficiency of foreign direct investment in Egypt and its impact on reducing poverty rates in Egypt compared to some Arab countries, especially with the small number of studies that dealt with the relationship between investment and poverty reduction. By applying the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The results showed that the UAE achieved zero poor people in 2019, while the percentage of poor in Egypt was 29.7, compared to 12.7 in Saudi Arabia, and 17.1% in Morocco. While the percentage exceeded more than 40% in Jordan, Palestine, Sudan, Mauritania, Somalia and Comoros. It is a percentage that indicates the concentration of poverty in the Arab countries, despite their capabilities and material and human resources. The results of the DEA showed that Algeria is the country in which the flow of foreign direct investment is most compatible with poverty rates, as it suffers from a decrease in the per capita share of foreign investment to about 28 $ / per capita and a rise in the poverty rate by 28%, while the rest of the countries, especially Egypt, Which attracts greater proportions of the flow of foreign investment to the Arab region, has achieved low efficiency rates, as Egypt, which is the second country in the acquisition of foreign investment in 2019, achieved an efficiency rate of about 37% compared to Morocco, which acquires about 4% of direct foreign investment in the Arab region, with an average of An individual's share was estimated at 45 $/ per capita, with an efficiency rate of 43%. Which shows that these countries achieve better economic performance in the exploitation of foreign investments directed to them, which indicates the existence of a real problem in the Egyptian investment policies in terms of the ability to exploit the foreign direct investment acquired by them to increase the rate of economic growth and thus alleviate poverty in society. Hence, the research recommends the need for optimal exploitation of foreign investment flows through the establishment of productive and development projects because of the investment's ability to reduce poverty rates, benefiting from Arab experiences in the efficient exploitation of investments, and the need for coordination between investment policies and labor market policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to know the prophetic methods that limit unemployment among young people. It follows the descriptive analytic method. This study has many outcomes. One of these outcomes is that the unemployment among young people problem is considered a major factor in the social crisis. It is the most dangerous crisis itself. Unemployment is the main problem for young people; it has many bad effects on young people's psychological and physical health. It does not only affect them; it affects the whole society. It can also affect their countries by causing economic depression, social problems, and political crisis. Therefore, all the countries, from all different backgrounds and cultures, are trying to solve this problem. They have tried all the possible methods to solve the problem of unemployment. The western countries' methods are based on financial bases but they did not find a radical solution. They have also adopted quick automatic solutions; like reducing taxes, encouraging export, making public companies go private, and asking people not to have many children. The prophetic method has solved this problem according to individuals or to groups. It has been realistic and positive while addressing the problem. It avoided giving false speeches and blaming others because this will only make the problem worse. It focused on the young people's belief and on their psychological health to fix them from inside and to encourage them to be productive. The prophetic method also focused on work. It considers it an honor no matter what kind of work it is, as long as it is not forbidden. It encourages the young people to worship Allah and to do all what He asks them to do, like giving money to the poor which will help these poor people and might reduce unemployment. The prophetic method encourages people to do charity or giving loans to people without any profits. It fought the negative things that make the problem worse, like begging for money. It also forbids taking interests and monopoly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main motives for the Algerian government’s adoption of the policy to support oil derivatives were social motives that fall within the responsibilities that the state must undertake to achieve social stability. Governmental support for oil derivatives is in the interest of the wealthiest individuals; This is due to the high consumption of these derivatives. Lifting subsidies on oil derivatives will reduce costs, but it will not improve the standard of living of the poor, and if no corrective measures are taken for these policies, this will lead to a decline in the living standards of the poor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Islam is a religion of peace and security. Therefore, it gives preference to justice, peace, equality, brotherhood, and harmony, etc. Throughout the world before Islam, there was instability and oppression. There was no such thing as a living code of conduct. The wealthy oppressed the underprivileged. Nobody listened to the poor and weak people's voices. Around the world, oppression was rampant. Moral evils were widespread. Theft, robbery, murder, adultery, kidnapping, and women's tyranny were all typical occurrences. In such circumstances, Allah (SWT) sent Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) as a Prophet to preach monotheism to the people and to reform the moral habits of the ignorant. In the beginning, the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) had to face several obstacles. Even the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was forced to migrate to Makkah, but the polytheists remained uneasy. They couldn't stand the Muslims in Madinah living in peace and order. As a result, the polytheists increased their hostility and began invading Madinah. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) acted wisely and triumphed over all of his challenges. He also signed agreements with Jews, polytheists, and Christians. So that peace and order can be restored in society, and people can live with harmony and peace. On the occasion of the conquering of Makkah, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) compassionately forgave all of his foes, including the Muslims' most vehement enemies. With his knowledge, mercy, and gentleness, the Prophet (PBUH) vanquished all of his foes, bringing peace not only to Arabia but to the entire globe. But, regrettably, today's society is following in the footsteps of human society's devastation and collapse. Immoral practices are on the rise in today's society, just as they were before Islam. The loss of rights is a typical occurrence. The poor are being treated like worms by powerful people. There is turmoil in every direction. Justice, equality, harmony, and peace have all but vanished. As a result, it is necessary to adhere to Islamic principles for today's society to become a peaceful society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of The Iraqi University is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Larq Journal for Philosophy, Linguistics & Social Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the College Of Basic Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of College of Education / Wasit is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Drought and its consequences along with mismanagement have caused the drying up of underground resources and water stress in a number of villages in the country. Kushk Qazi village is one of the villages of Fasa city in Fars province. All its water resources have dried up and dozens of families whose livelihood depended on agriculture are now facing unemployment, poverty and migration. Natural disasters, including water scarcity, are multifaceted phenomena. In this study, a qualitative and critical approach is used to study the gender aspect and lived experience of rural women using the phenomenological method. Field data in this study were collected through purposive sampling and in-depth interviews with 20 women in the village of Kushk Qazi, as well as field observation and note-taking. Then using the analytical induction technique; sub-themes, main and final themes have been discovered and extracted. The three main themes of systematic poverty are the scarcity mentality, the perception of adaptation, and the "accumulation of super-challenges" which has been extracted as the final theme. Systematic impoverishment due to unjust and inefficient structures and laws, lack of perception of adaptation and psychological barrier of scarcity mentality have caused adaptation to dehydra- tion to face serious obstacles. All these reasons, along with the previous challenges, have created new forms of harms and inequalities and have led to a phenomenon called "accumulation of super-challenges", resulting in the vulnerability of the poor, such as women, who have already faced all kinds of inequalities and constraints and have exposed them to the harms and dangers posed by these super-challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Rural Research (20087373) is the property of Negah Institute for Social Research & Scientific Communication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Al-Qadisiya In Arts & Educational Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Economics & Social Sciences is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study is to highlights the important of financial technologies in banks through providing the financial service and its role in enhancing the financial inclusion to provide all the financial production to more customers, different ages and poor people focusing on improving their living levels by awarding them the credit in low cost as well as participating all sectors including small and semi institutions. The available of financial technologies whether interfused by non-financial companies or individuals or financial institutions the required credit quickly and low cost. Recently appeared new concept it is contingency financing that will contribute in supporting the sustainable development. the Palestinian and Indian experiment had previewed to get the benefits by knowing the obstacles which had faced and how to overcome, then the opportunity which support them. the most important conclusions and suggestions of the study is : the aim of financial inclusion is to merge all customers in the official financial system. Moreover, the obstacles that faced the financial technologies is high cost of internet, weakness of financial knowledge among the society. Thereafter the suggestion in focusing on expanding the range of financial services for the society that did not with banks. Moreover organizing effective electronic paying and providing alterative choices for the customers. then forcing on disbanding planning programs that will educate the capability of the society to interest with the productions and services of banks with complete knowledge. that will accommodate their consumptive and investment needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of College of The Great Imam University is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Historical & Cultural Studies an Academic Magazine is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Economics & Social Sciences is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The ongoing Islamic banking gets a lot of criticisms due to its unability to become the manifestation of the Islamic values which can be utilized by all people. These criticisms can be attributed to at least some indicators such as the dominance of non profit sharing contract (Murabahah) on Islamic banking practices that can only be enjoyed by the middle to upper class of society, or the lack of optimization of the innovative Islamic banking products that can touch the majority of the poor. This paper would like to discuss and explore the possible role of social intermediation that can be carried out by the Islamic banking in addition to its role of financial intermediation. By doing so, it can answer the stigma which states that Islamic banking is not pro poor. Based on the literature review and discussion, the role of social intermediation by using social funds which are accordance to the perspective of Islam namely charity, infaq, Sadaqah, endowments, and grants (ZISWAH) can be applied as the additional products or policies of Islamic banking in order to serve the poor through several strategies, namely: (1) the establishment of special units for social intermediation and (2) the cooperation with LKMS in certain programs special for the poor.

Copyright of Al-Anbar University Journal of Economic & Administration Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and Objective: Tuberculosis (TB) is the most important cause of death worldwide. The main reason for the increasing global burden of TB are severe poverty and class distinctions between rich and poor population groups in various communities. This study was performed to determine the relationship between socio-economic factors and TB using negative binomial and Poisson regression models. Method: This descriptive - analytic study was conducted on 11320 TB affected patients in Iran during 2010. Data was gathered from the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education. The relationship between the numbers of cases with socio-economic indicators was determined using negative binomial and Poisson models. Fitting models were compared using AIC (Akaike Information Criterion) and BIC (Bayesian Information Criterion). Results: The Poisson regression model showed a significant relationship between the TB mortality rate and socio-economic factors (P<0.05). Negative binomial regression model showed a significant relationship between TB and unemployment, illiterate, immigration and urban residency (P<0.05). Negative binomial regression model showed no relationship between TB and family size, physicians' ratio to the number of population centers and annual average income. Conclusion: There is a significant impact of socio-economic factors with the number of TB cases. Negative binomial regression model is suitable for accountable data in comparision with Poisson regression model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]