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This study aimed to assess the attitude, and Practice of female sex workers towards Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for HIV prevention in the Kicukiro district, Rwanda. The study used a descriptive cross-sectional design, using a probability sampling method, and the Yamane formula was used to calculate the sample size of 300 female sex workers including a 10% non-response rate. Primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire, at 10 health centers. Analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS software, with chi-square tests and logistic regression for inferential analysis. The ethical clearance was acquired from the Mount Kenya University ethics committee and the Young Women Christian Association Rwanda. The study findings showed that (60%) of female sex workers have a positive attitude towards PrEP, and 60.4% of respondents were using PrEP. Demographic factors like age group, marital status, and Ubudehe category were significantly associated with practices. Female sex workers aged between 25 and 29 had 4 times more chance to have good practices. This study provides insights into improving PrEP education and interventions targeting female sex workers and other key populations. These findings highlighted the concerns about stigma and privacy, and the need for public health interventions that target it in the community.

Optimal lighting design for the rooms used by children with special needs requires a consideration of the psychological and aesthetic effects on these children. Lighting design in general is the process of integrating light into architecture to provide comfort, safety, and aesthetics. When designing lighting for children with special needs, certain criteria and considerations must be set out to ensure that the design matches the children’s needs. The interior designer must apply the appropriate scientific methods and systems to reach the desired psychological and aesthetic goals; this process includes studying the basic criteria for designing light and using modern optical systems to reach the best results, according to the children’s activity inside the room, with the possibility of applying standards, considerations and laws related to light to develop basic suggestions for the design of interior lighting. The aim of this research is to determine the best techniques, methods, and standards of lighting for the rooms of children with special needs. It evaluates practices and latest technologies related to the process of designing interior lighting for children with special needs, including lighting that allows them to accomplish their tasks while also feeling safe. The research method depends on the descriptive analysis by studying the principles of both natural and artificial lighting and their standards and considerations, followed by the statistical analysis by modeling two different spaces for children with special need: a private bedroom and a public space for activities in which children with different disabilities can interact. A questionnaire was used to explore the opinion of specialists in the field of interior design about the two different modeled spaces. The results shows that good lighting design can provide ease of functionality with a sense of comfort and safety, meanwhile achieves the aesthetics of the interior design. The employment of artificial lighting with natural lighting is important to achieve a healthy environment upbringing for children in general and for people with special needs as well.

In recent years, the significance of machine translation systems has grown due to the extensive production of online texts across various disciplines. Traditional translation methods have proven inadequate in meeting global translation needs. While translation tools are brilliant in addressing diverse disciplines and text genres, their usability and reliability face considerable debate, especially when applied to literary texts. Therefore, this research seeks to explore the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) translation tools (e.g., ChatGPT) on the translation and back translation of literary texts. The study employed an experimental model within a qualitative approach, utilizing a translation test as the primary research tool. 80 English-major students at Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) were randomly selected and assigned into four groups: two control and two experimental groups. Students are asked to translate and back translate an English short story and qualitative data from the test has undergone analysis through various comparisons. For statistical analysis, an independent samples t-test was employed to compare two independent groups. The findings revealed that students using AI tools were able to produce better translations and back translations than students using traditional methods, with slightly better performance in back translation.

The beginning of 2020 witnessed the spread of the Corona virus epidemic, which threatened the whole world, forcing the world’s population to stay in their homes (quarantine) to limit the spread of the epidemic and presence for long periods within the design space, which led to the presence of special requirements and needs in the design spaces because of different special practices Life activities inside and outside the spaces. This affected the interior architecture in a large way in terms of form and function, in addition to its impact on human physiological health, which required the design of architectural spaces that help meet the special needs of individuals in this period As it is considered one of the priorities of the post-Coronavirus era, re-designing the interior spaces in a sustainable environmental design, by focusing on the design solutions proposed for the common spaces in use, in preparation for the developments that are faced with this epidemic and limiting the spread of the virus, by activating the use of Criteria for the green pyramid and how to exploit environmental resources and face architectural design challenges in line with future developments. The research deals with new design solutions according to his schedule and his requests, our schedule to meet the needs of individuals with the requirements of the World Health Organization and the view of interior design, Within the framework of the internal environmental quality standards for the GPRS system, to achieve internal design standards compatible with the environment, it helps in designing sustainable spaces to support the state’s plan for innovation and development to confront this crisis.

Crime is undeniably rising, thus negatively affecting countries’ economies. Despite several efforts to study crime prediction to reduce crime rates, few studies take the timeline factor into account when extracting crime-related tweets to predict crime. Aiming to predict Arabic crime tweets on Twitter/X, this study predicts crimes after analyzing social sentiment—that is, whether a tweet raises positive, negative, or neutral feelings—and filters the tweets based on crime behavior through an intelligent dictionary built through a genetic algorithm. The study uses a variety of machine learning (ML) models—random forest, logistic regression, and decision trees—which are assessed according to their accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 scores to guarantee robustness and dependability in crime prediction. The accuracy after filtering crimes based on an intelligent dictionary is 97% for decision tree, 97% for random forest, and 94.43% for logistic regression. This research will provide insight into potential crime attitudes and public opinion toward safety and law enforcement.

by studying the aesthetic values of the abstract school, the idea of research was possible to crystallize with the aim of highlighting the energy of color in geometric abstract art and clarifying the associated colors Chakras are the energy points of the human body, and therefore powerful centers of healing potential, and from here it was possible to identify the research problem: The limited research related to design for depressed patients focused on designing treatment center environments, ignoring the importance of designing clothes and the residential environment the two closest to the patient,The aim of the research is to employ the energy of color and geometric abstraction in creating designs that are compatible with fashion and meet the requirements of the era of innovation and excellence that contribute to the treatment of depression, as well as employing the technical capabilities of some computer programs to obtain innovative design solutions as an aesthetic dimension to create typographic designs for fabrics, based on the experimental descriptive approach. And that is in the time period since 1992 AD until now, since the beginning of the global interest in color energy and its use in treatment in the Arab Republic of Egypt,The research reached several results, including: the energy of some colors contributes positively to the treatment of depressed patients, the designs of geometric abstract art paintings contribute positively to the treatment of depressed patients

The emerging coronavirus crisis has caused widespread challenges around the world. A pandemic of this magnitude has not been witnessed since the Spanish Flu, which was nearly a century ago. This crisis represents a new challenge, especially in the current context in light of a global epidemic. The timely response to any crisis is the basis for dealing with the epidemic, and is the difference between containing the crisis and allowing it to spread. The Egyptian state has drawn a very clear policy characterized by balance to confront this pandemic since the emergence of the crisis. Corona and its first wave, the government aimed to achieve a great balance between the two axes of preserving the health of the citizen, and ensuring the continued rotation of the wheel of the economy. This is through many measures that have been taken to deal with this severe crisis that has negatively affected many countries of the world, while being careful not to stop many economic activities, based on the state and government’s awareness of the connection between these activities and millions of Egyptians.

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على مستوى جودة الحياة النفسية لدى النازحين في محافظه تعز، والكشف عن دلالة الفروق في جودة الحياة تبعاً لمتغيرات: النوع، والعمر، والمستوى التعليمي، والحالة الاجتماعية، والعمل، ومكان النزوح. وتكونت العينة من (267) نازح ونازحة، تم اختيارهم بالطريقة العشوائية، وطبق عليهم مقياس جودة الحياة النفسية إعداد الباحثتان بعد التأكد من معاملي الصدق والثبات. وحللت البيانات إحصائياَ وتوصلت الدراسة إلى أن مستوى جودة الحياة لدى النازحين في محافظة تعز مرتفع، كما توصلت إلى وجود فـروق في جودة الحياة تبعاً لمتغير: المستوى التعليمي إذ ظهر أن متوسط الحاصلين على التعليم الجامعي أعلى من أقرانهم الأميين، وبالنسبة لمتغير العمل ظهرت الفروق لصالح فئة الموظفين عن أقرانهم العاطلين عن العمل. كما ظهرت فروق في متغير مكان النزوح لصالح المقيمين لدى الاقارب، وفيما يتعلق بمتغير: النوع، والعمر، والحالة الاجتماعية لم تظهر فروق بين المتوسطات. وخلصت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من التوصيات والمقترحات.

Based on the importance of achieving a safe environment at home from the dangers of earthquakes, which in turn occur suddenly, so, the house had to be equipped with an interior design system and furniture equipped for this purpose in terms of securing the human within that system. By fulfilling the requirements of security and safety from earthquakes which were divided into: requirements for human behavior during an earthquake, and direction to the safest places, such as entrances, load-bearing supports, solid furniture, in addition to referring to the survival triangle. As for the most dangerous places in the house: like standing in the middle of the room, or standing next to a heavy piece of furniture and stand by windows and electrical appliances. Requirements for interior design elements such as increasing the empty spaces in the corridors for ease of escape, removing the bed from the bottom of the window to avoid falling glass, and not hanging anything heavy that might cause harm by falling over. Relying on sliding doors and windows, and special requirements for furniture design, the method and place of its placement, as well as the methods and means of fixation and the materials made from it, and using locks for all kind of cabinets, and relying on built-in cabinets is the best option to avoid the dangerous of their fall.

The widespread use of digital technology has created new and innovative advertising services that are increasingly customized to individual recipients. As social media has succeeded in creating more creative media. This new type of social media is also more personal as ad agencies and advertisers are able to send ads that are customized and based on customers' locations. Telecom companies collect a great deal of sensitive personal information about their subscribers. Customer proprietary information includes sensitive data about customer proprietary data such as who the customer has contacted (for example ،phone numbers of business partners and doctors) and geographic location. People don't want just to sit back and "consume." They want dialogue ، conversation ،and interaction with brands ،more than ever ،so brands need something meaningful to say to convince consumers that they are part of the same community. Therefore ،brands seek to associate themselves with something intangible to track the consumer in a unique way. The purpose of this study is to provide a future vision to determine the attitude of recipients toward digital advertising. and to determine in the future impact of different ad creative factors on consumer intent for digital ads. The research concludes that advertising will become highly personal and therefore require a certain amount of information about the message recipient. And recipients can be reached quickly ،based on their physical location at a given time. Therefore ، advertising can provide the ability to provide valuable services to the recipients

The interest in the Egyptian material cultural heritage as one of the components of the visual identity and its historical expressions is one of the general goals of the Egyptian state, especially in light of the methods of globalization followed and the means of progress and development in all fields, especially the field of design, and in the current era of globalization we find a lot of studies and research that warned of the negative effects of globalization, one of which is the obliteration of the distinctive cultural and artistic identity of each society. Especially with regard to the field of architecture and residential design. Through this study, we develop a vision through which we can call for the use of cultural knowledge management concepts to integrate the elements of the abundant cultural diversity of Egyptian society that express its identity and express it through modern design methods

The research talks about an innovative graphic vision for designing book covers using contemporary artificial intelligence techniques in designing book covers. Where this approach helps to design book covers more attractive and distinctive, and can lead to increased sales of books on the one hand and save time and effort for the designer and publishing houses on the other hand. When using artificial intelligence techniques, designers can analyze the book market and the common interests of the target audience. They can also identify typical patterns in successful packaging design and modify the design based on this input. The use of artificial intelligence techniques helps to improve the design process in general and to support the successful possibility of marketing the book. In the end, it can be said that the use of artificial intelligence techniques in designing book covers represents a new path for the publishing and writing industry, as the covers become a direct expression of the culture and content of the book, making it more efficient and different. In this research, we will review the various methods used in designing book covers in line with global developments, and provide details on how to achieve the required transformations in line with the vision of the future in this field. We will review the positive impact that this field can create in terms of aesthetics and mission.

The smart technologies of the digital revolution have penetrated all different fields of life. As a reflection of that, "smart architecture" appeared on the horizon, and it serves as a linking element between the field of architecture and interior design, passing through furniture, especially the kitchen, which was and still is one of the most important areas of work and movement inside the house, which must be carefully studied. Just as the use of traditional methods in planning and equipping kitchens wastes a lot of time and effort, especially wasting a lot of spaces that can be exploited. The use of these technologies has affected not only saving time and effort and providing better information, but also providing large spaces to serve other activities inside the house. The research dealt with the kitchen space of the dwelling, and the smart kitchen system that saves space, time, and effort within the residential unit, such as the smart sink, smart faucet, smart handles, smart dish maker, and other ideas. In an attempt to shed light on modern technological methods to complete the performance tasks in the most efficient manner and quickly, which works to save time, effort and spaces for that purpose.

This is a historical study on shadow puppets and their animate techniques, and the difference between these techniques. The research problem revolves around several questions, including whether the art of shadow puppetry evolved over time or did it stop at a certain stage and to what extent did it develop? Are there creative modern experiences in shadow puppet shows or No, and did it succeed and resonate or not, and the research objectives come to answer these questions and research about modern experiences through the experience of Hamid Rahmanian and the importance of research lies in achieving the research objectives, whether it is searching for historical animate techniques, as well as searching for one of the experiences in this field of The creative and technical side, by presenting and studying the experience of the American-Iranian artist Hamid Rahmanian, to know him and the reasons for his entry into this branch of the performing arts, as well as knowing his multiple artistic experiences and focusing on his unique artistic experience in the show "feathers of fire" inspired by one of the stories of the Shahnameh, studying the techniques of this presentation and studying multimedia in the show, which qualified it to win many awards and analysis of the elements of the show and its techniques in especially the performance of the actors themselves as shadow puppets, the temporal limits are the twenty-first century and the spatial limits are the United States of America

هدفت الدراسة إلى قياس مستوى جودة الخدمات الصحية المقدمة في مستشفى جامعة العلوم والتكنولوجيا اليمنية، اعتمدت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي (دراسة الحالة)، واقتصرت الدراسة على جميع العاملين في مستشفى جامعة العلوم والتكنولوجيا (طبي وإداري) والبالغ عددهم (1150) فردًا، حيث اختيرت عينة عشوائية بسيطة منهم، عددها (297) فردًا، كما اختيرت عينة ميسرة من المستفيدين (المرضى) بلغ عددهم (247) فردًا، تمثلت أداة الدراسة في الاستبانة، ولتحليل البيانات استخدم برنامج (SPSS)، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى نتائج عديدة، أبرزها: - حصلت جودة الخدمات الصحية عمومًا على مستوى (عالٍ) من وجهة نظر العاملين في المستشفى، وكذا المستفيدين وفقًا للترتيب الآتي: (الملموسية، الأمان، الاعتمادية، التعاطف، الاستجابة). - لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين آراء أفراد عينة الدراسة حول مستوى جودة الخدمات الصحية المقدمة تُعزى للمتغيرات: (النوع، المؤهل العلمي، طبيعة العمل، المسمى الوظيفي، سنوات الخدمة). - وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين استجابات أفراد العينة تجاه مستوى جودة الخدمات الصحية المقدمة فيما يتعلق بـبُعدي (الملموسية)، (الاعتمادية) وقد كانت الفروق لصالح المستفيدين. - لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين استجابات أفراد العينة تجاه مستوى جودة الخدمات الصحية المقدمة فيما يتعلق بأبعاد: (الاستجابة) (الأمان) (التعاطف) (جودة الخدمات الصحية المقدمة).

هدفت الدراسة إلى معرفة أثر التخطيط الإستراتيجي في تحقيق التميز المؤسسي في الجامعات الحكومية بمحافظة حضرموت، وقد استُخدم المنهج الوصفي التحليلي بالاعتماد على الاستبانة لجمع البيانات، تكوّن مجتمع الدراسة من جميع الموظفين الحاصلين على رئيس قسم فما فوق من الإداريين والفنيين في الجامعات اليمنية الحكومية بمحافظة حضرموت، حيث استُخدمت العينة القصدية، وقد كانت نسبة استجابة العينة (76%)، وبعد إجراء عملية التحليل للبيانات وفرضيات الدراسة توصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج، أبرزها: ظهر توجد علاقة قوية جدًا بين التخطيط الإستراتيجي والتميز المؤسسي في الجامعات الحكومية بمحافظة حضرموت بلغت (0.981)، وأثبتت الدراسة أنّه لا توجد فروق ذات دلالةٍ إحصائيةٍ بين استجابات المبحوثين حول التخطيط الإستراتيجي والتميز المؤسسي في الجامعات الحكومية بمحافظة حضرموت تُعزى للمتغيرات الشخصية والوظيفية (الجامعة، النوع ، المسمى الوظيفي، المؤهل العلمي، عدد سنوات الخدمة). وقد أوصت الدراسة وضع آليات محددة وممنهجة تضمن مشاركة أوسع لمجتمع الجامعة الـداخلي والخـارجي عنـد صياغة رؤية ورسالة الجامعة، وعند تحديثها، مراعاة أن تتضمن الرسالة المحاور الرئيسة لطبيعة عمل الجامعة، وهي: العملية التعليمية، البحث العلمي، وخدمة المجتمع، مع اعتبار القيم كمنطلق ومظلة لهذه المحاور، الاستمرار في تبنى الأهداف الإستراتيجية استنادًا إلى حاجات ورغبات العملاء، ترسيخ ثقافة التميز في كل أنحاء الجامعة، ونشر قيم الجودة في الأداء.

Physical, cultural, philosophical and social approaches are developing in the field of interior architecture to search for the ideal framework for placing the aesthetic, civilizational and cultural context in the folds of the elements and vocabulary of the interior architecture space, by taking into account the contemporary goals of design patterns that ensure the resurrection of the principles of identity and value on the product of the interior architecture space. In ethnology, it contains the knowledge treasures that abound in it from a cultural, social and human point of view to complement each other and give its content the creation of a design situation that achieves the desired goals to add value and meaning and achieve the concept of social sustainability on the sensory and material content of the interior architecture space and its reflection on the occupants of the space functionally and spiritually. Ethnology is considered the most important branch of anthropology as a basic methodology for human societies that helped discover valuable concepts and theories, and its potentials are developing to consolidate the concept of social sustainability in interior architecture on a permanent cultural scale through expanding the interpretation of societies and their interests, which supports the shortcomings in the general development of the contemporary design structure of architecture. The interior can be flexibly adapted to a wide range of conditions surrounding the design situation as a whole and combined with a variety of disciplines and related interests. Through the distinct forms of ethnology in adapting to social, cultural and human phenomena in societies and environments, this paper reviews the multiple approach of ethnology in discovering people’s cultures and lifestyles within a socio-cultural framework to create meaning and value and transfer them functionally and aesthetically to the creative folds of interior architecture, and shed light on achieving the pillars of social sustainability to ensure Contemporary continuity with the requirements of the times, not separating from its origins, improving the quality of life for the occupants of interior architecture, unifying them with their cultural and heritage roots, and transferring their cultural historical content from the past to the present and the future to achieve local and global benefit from learning about the culture of societies and integrating them to create a unique socially sustainable design situation.

The existing urban communities have been linked to electric power for daily uses, as it is transferred between some places through overhead electric lines, and with the urban expansion as a result of the population increase, the idea of establishing a community life next to the high pressure lines in the Egyptian local community spread, such as building for housing, work, trade and study, without awareness of the risks to individuals from the low health status of residents next to those electric lines, which directly affects the health and life of the community, and therefore, it was directed to studying the concept of urban society and how to transfer and distribute electric power between regions and cities, as well as the concept of overhead lines and towers. And ground cables, then the specified safe distances, then exposure to health risks and damages resulting from construction and housing next to high pressure lines, in order to move then to a case study at the level of architecture and urbanism, which is the Zahraa Maadi area over a period of three years, and then make a questionnaire to survey the opinion and participate in thought to find out The extent of the community's awareness of the importance of the topic, as architects, students of architecture, and people participated in it Discussion, presenting ideas, conducting interviews, and knowing the opinion of specialists to present the proposals, and then reach results and recommendations. From this point of view, this research is an invitation to understand through awareness of the risks to correct the current situation and reach a safe life.

The plastic image is an exciting language that harmonizes and dialogues with the visual schools of the recipient, and producing it is an art based on various plastic elements such as image, word, rhythm, line, and others. The plastic image is the most important element supporting the formulation of the design. It is the effective mental language and the strongest expression of the content of the work. The plastic image, represented by drawings and pictures, is one of the easiest cognitive expressive forms that the recipient can deal with and interact with, and the impact of these works on the recipient varies, and this variation is due to the ability of the recipient to contain and translate these works visually and intellectually. The importance of the image is that it is the first interface and defining identity, which is an effective intellectual medium that reflects the artistic trends of the work. Therefore, artistic trends, the plastic image, is one of the most important creative and intellectual aspects that effectively affect societies, and it is also one of the most important modern means of communication and the most common and communicative among the audience.

Graphic visualization can produce positive changes or prevent negative changes in health-related behaviors among large numbers of young people, for example, tobacco, alcohol and drug use, road safety behaviors and cancer screening and prevention. It also supports changing acquired behaviors, such as the problem of smoking, as it is the most important problem facing developing countries relative to the countries of the world, which negatively affects public health, and is one of the bad habits that spread rapidly among young people. Our contemporary society is considered an "information society" as much of the information that is presented graphically is of a visual nature, through the use of images and texts as ideas that help students understand the visual message and receive it positively, to get rid of a problem or a specific behavior. The research paper came to the fact that graphic design is considered one of the most important success factors for any design idea that can be displayed visually, regardless of the way it is displayed, whether via the Internet or through traditional means to help students to reduce smoking, as it represents a threat to their health Tobacco consumption is the most important cause of death and disease, and the World Health Organization reports that about six million deaths annually are directly related to tobacco consumption (about 10% of all deaths( .

(ADHD) is a chronic condition that affects millions of children and often persists into adulthood. ADHD Children are always looking for things to interact with. In addition, awareness advertising message lack the interactivity and engagement factors, especially when the target audience are ADHD children. Therefore, Employing the awareness advertising message in interactive clothes is suitable for this group and helps them improve the psychomotor disorders they suffer from, because it modifies the behavioral patterns of them to reduce the negative psychological effects of the disease and to control their behavioral health patterns. The aim of this study is to help children with ADHD overcome the negative effects they are experiencing psychologically and socially. The research methodology is a combination of descriptive study and statistical analytical study, and the result of the research appears by studying the role of creating interactive clothes that attract children with ADHD and enriching its design with an awareness message and how it can help them interact with society and break social phobia. Followed by a statistical analysis of four practical designs of clothes that were designed as an interactive game and the addition of an awareness message that helps children with ADHD on psychological and emotional balance by feeling comfortable and adding the possibility of interacting with clothes and playing through them, helped to get out of the state of boredom that (ADHD) child usually feels, as well as making him/her distinguished in the society, and able to make new friendships.

The extensive development of virtual reality (VR) technology in all aspects of life has been positively reflected in several areas, including architecture and interior design. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the experience of clients of interior design projects in using virtual reality technology to visualize the final outputs. The study used a qualitative approach through interviews with eight clients of interior design projects for commercial and residential projects, noting their physical emotions such as hand movements, face, standing and sitting, and their spoken words during the virtual reality experience, and the time spent during this experience. The interviews were divided into two types: The first, with clients, included eliciting the client's opinion of the virtual reality experience. The second was with four in-house designers, to see how effective they considered virtual reality to be in design projects. The result of this study suggests that using virtual reality technology is somewhat more successful for commercial projects than for residential ones. It appeared that the effectiveness of the technology led to the ease of perception of the client and increased confidence in the work of the interior design agencies, thus saving time, effort, and money. And that the virtual reality experience increased the clients’ confidence in their ability to visualize the final output of the design, which contributed to increasing the profits of the interior design office. It is expected that the clients of commercial projects had greater interaction because the financial returns of commercial projects are more than residential. It is hoped that the results of this study will help draw the attention of company owners in the field of interior design to the effectiveness of this technology by creating a virtual environment that contributes to convincing customers of the appropriateness of their designs and avoiding waste of resources. This technology also provides the clients with a complete visualization of the project before implementation. To make decisions about the project design and to identify proposals, design modifications and undesirable designs before starting the implementation of the project

This research is basically focusing on studying the physical effects of the spread of Coronavirus within interior architectural spaces. In most international research centres concerning coping Covid-19 virus, similar studies were conducted to introduce ways of combating the spread of this virus. Places of human gatherings are more appropriate to carry out such studies related to finding ways to prevent the spread of Coronavirus infection. Therefore, educational buildings, especially classrooms and lectures halls are among the most crowded places, and their indoor space is ideal to a large extent for increasing the spread of Corona virus infection among people. The aim of this research is to calculate the rate of air change per hour in the interior spaces of educational buildings, based on the decision of the strategy of moving the air necessary to renew it by replacing clean air instead of polluted air by expelling it outside the building through a series of similar studies and applying to one of the educational halls. In this context, the methods of combating and preventing the Coronavirus were reviewed and the case of one of the halls was studied within one of the educational institutes in Dakahlia governorate and some recommendations were given that can be applied in similar institutes. There are significant risks in building ventilation management and in maintaining healthy indoor environments. Dealing with the global epidemic of the covid-19 varies from one country to another, according to preventive measures, method, behaviour, and culture. The disease in Egypt becomes more brutal in the winter months at a time when people especially during work hours where the indoor atmosphere is closed and with poor ventilation conditions. Moreover, the Egyptian government tries to preserve its economy which is depending on different shapes of social interactions, such as commercial centres, public and private clubs, schools, universities, and government service organizations. In this context, the Egyptian government has eased the lock down restrictions gradually, and then cancelled it completely regarding certain vital associations such as universities, schools, commercial centres, and public services (UK-Government, 2018). Therefore, besides the national vaccination program for Egyptian citizens, it is also necessary to adopt the measures of the World Health Organization to prevent the spread of Covid 19 infection, including physical distancing, personal hygiene, and good ventilation of spaces, to obtain more effective results in limiting the spread of infection (World-Health-Organization, 2022).

With the advent of new technologies that are developing unusually, it has greatly affected the design of outdoor furniture, as it makes it different from what is known in its traditional form, and in light of the urgent need to preserve the environment when planning new cities and the impact of the abnormal development of technology in the few years The past on the production of outdoor furniture, and what about its service to users of central public areas. Hence the problem of the research, which is the lack of outdoor furniture design for public areas, the use of new technology, the Internet of Things (IOT) to achieve the principles of sustainability and taking into account the environmental aspects. The research assumes that new technology and the manufacture of sustainable outdoor furniture affect the spaces of central public areas and lead to the emergence of modern vocabulary when planning new cities, such as the Internet of Things (IOT) technology to produce environmentally friendly outdoor furniture and provide many services to users of central public areas, and also serve decision makers by monitoring many Information and self-analysis for a better quality of life. The research found that the use of the surrounding environment as information to provide functions and comfort to its users, this is done by designing sustainable outdoor furniture based on new technology techniques, the Internet of Things (IOT), which controls many applications aimed at taking into account the environmental aspect, and maximizing the role of cities Smart in a concept that aims to improve the quality of life through applications that allow users to smart services to raise the efficiency of operations and services, as well as discover the vocabulary of the elements of the outdoor space and the use of smart outdoor furniture in adding more valuable information about the different places and locations of the users, functions and comfort as well for them, through Intelligent applications serve both users and decision-makers.

Many cities worldwide suffer from air pollution as a result of industries or human activities. Informal areas are highly vulnerable to environmental degradation, including air pollution. The research aims to determine suitable solutions that could be applied to improve air quality in informal areas. This can be achieved throughout using an analytical-qualitative approach, as the study starts with a theoretical part that presents the dimensions of the problem. The research focuses on two strategies that complement Egypt's current efforts and determine relevant urban factors. The theoretical part is followed by a Field study of an informal area in Giza that suffers from air pollution; this includes studies of the current situation and suggested solutions to improve air quality in the informal area. A questionnaire is done to evaluate the implementation feasibility of different solutions to improve air quality in the informal area, one is directed to urban planners, and the other to area residents. The results indicate that both planners and residents are accepting many of the suggested solutions to improve air quality in the studied area, whether by air filtration or circulation, and the differences in opinion was according to considerations including cost or changes in land use. The study concluded that the air quality can be improved in the informal areas that are polluted by using several strategies, mechanisms and treatments.

Conceptual art was described as an art that is still under construction and development, because it is the artistic method that prevailed in the post-modern art period until our time. The conceptual art curriculum is mainly based on creative thinking that is motivated to depart from the schools of traditional art or any artistic image that preceded its era. Diversity blends concepts in a presentation style that resists all restrictions. Art that resists superficiality and the unilateral dimension of the subtraction, which allowed the audience and technology to be active parts in the artworks falling under the umbrella of the concept of conceptual art - the art of the idea - an art that was characterized in its principles by a dynamic nature that interacts with its surroundings. Artists of different cultures and their spatial and temporal backgrounds, which gave him a renewed spirit and patterns that are produced in multiple ways and different concepts day after day. Starting from linguistic art, physical art and land art, to the art of embodying the myth and drawing inspiration from the past and presenting it in a special and unique innovative style, and even the intention of this art is to combine light, video and music in some cases to create an integrated psychological emotional state that falls in the recipient’s families. All of these tools were used by the conceptual designers and they increased each according to his technical and personal experiences to produce new design ideas that express the spirit of conceptual art and announce its new approach and highlight the extent of its positive impact on tourism resources if its philosophy is applied through the application of these modern conceptual trends, as the tourism resources from The most prominent and most important resources that peoples and countries compete in developing day by day and financing them with huge amounts to know the extent of their economic importance and the extent of the return at the time.

The jewelry designer is interested in studying the appearance of the surface and researching the development of ancient techniques to obtain multiple enabling techniques for processing and enriching the appearance of the surface of jewelry. The technique is complex and the results are unexpected, The surface appears in color overlaps and ripples, This technology is used in the fields of metalworking by design. This technology is based on experience and is not compatible with repeated quantitative production. Therefore, other alternative techniques must be reached that give specific results by replacing the technical steps with the introduction of traditional or advanced techniques or combining more than one technique to obtain comprehensive techniques based on merging or mixing Metal mechanic between the elements. The research problem is summarized in the following question: Is it possible to obtain alternative enabling techniques for the mokume technique to prepare multi-colored metal slices and use them in the design of metal jewelry ?The research aims to find new design approaches for the treat metal surfaces by obtaining alternative enabling techniques for the Mokume technique to obtain surfaces of multiple colors and to take advantage of the color diversity in the surface appearance. The research used the descriptive, analytical and deductive approach, and the results of the research were represented in presenting alternative enabling techniques to the mokume technique, such as: The method of cutting slides or wires and distributing them on the surface of a metal slide by welding and then rolling, the method of using metallic pastes by placing them on the surface of a metal slide, then thermally treated and then rolling.

it is well-known that environmental graphic design is one of the messaging and advertising requirements in our life. Therefore, acquaintance with culture of society and knowing its norms, values, customs, and regulations can be significantly important to environmental graphic design. As designer knows deeply about culture and moods of society people, he can easily establish simple and deep communication with audience through simple and clear express, and in simple words designer can return audience identity to him with the new express and different framework and in this way can speak to him. Environmental graphic is a knowledge in which discussed and studied about how use different kinds of forms, colors, figures, and various pictures in a skillful, systematic, and planned way in order to making better and more simple relations, informing, and orientation, and also making beautiful the urban spaces such as public spaces. This knowledge is one of the most effective tools to effect on citizenships, and with visual design and relation it can return identity to audiences and seek to reform it based on components such as culture, customs and social contracts, economic and political trends and so on. This research aims to study the communicative role of the interactive environmental sign as an environmental graphic system. The research concludes that interactive environmental sign as an environmental graphic system through common media applied in urban environmental graphic such as poster, signs, highway signs, road signs, advertisings on vehicles, parks environmental design, design of buildings and resulted colors, public services spaces design, bus stops, phone booth, seats, environmental design of cultural and pleasure centers, design advertising sculptures in squares and parks, and different outdoor advertising

The current era is characterized by technological progress, information revolution, and rapid change in all fields, which prompted the plastic artist to use his energy to practice different forms and entrances of experimentation to reach the best visuals and sensory perceptions, and to achieve complete intellectual freedom in artistic expression, and perhaps this prompts us to teach students how to think Visual as one of the entrances to experimentation, which provides them with the opportunity to absorb and understand the relevance behind the topics they draw, and enables them to link their drawings to other new ideas or goals that were not previously thought and characterized by creativity. Hence, laying the foundation of experimentation in contemporary painting for art students through training in visual thinking skills may lead to the development of their creative abilities, and is an entry point for creating new plastic formulas and visions liberated from the constraints of visual reality, which is what the current research is studying and verifying. Where the research aims to develop creativity to enrich contemporary painting through an experimental approach based on employing visual thinking skills in the context of diversity in teaching strategies to develop the creative ability of students of contemporary plastic painting. The sample was divided into two groups, the first is experimental (20) students, and the second is control (18) students. The experimental design was used, before and after successive, and the experimental group got (8) training sessions on the use of visual thinking skills in an attempt to develop Creativity and the enrichment of contemporary plastic painting, and after the sessions, the production of the students of the experimental and control groups was evaluated using graphic panels that represent the research experience and achieve its objectives. Experimental trainees, which proves the importance of employing visual thinking skills in developing creativity to enrich contemporary painting.

This paper focuses on the issue of the circular economy in the context of SDG-11 Sustainable Cities & Communities as one of the main goals of today's society. Introducing smart cities, considering the sustainability challenges that cities will face shortly and the recent technological developments that will enable them to become "smart". Under the general context of sustainable development, the circular economy is becoming an important part of providing resources to future generations, based on intra-generational and inter-generational solidarity. A smart city can be understood as a sustainable city, a city that performs well economically, administratively, environmentally, and housing-wise. This paper aims to identify some important measures that are recommended to advance this vision. It also aims to highlight the potential social and economic benefits and challenges of urban circular development; it also supplies initial evidence of the synergistic benefits created through combining the design and economic development and linking the two approaches together rather than applying them separately.

The present paper aims to study cleaning the linen fabric wrappings used for mummies throughout ancient Egyptian history. It was applied to the linen fabric wrappings of Tayuheret’s mummy ( the Third Intermediate Period). The conservation and restoration of the mummy took the following stages; first the dating and technical/artistic analysis. The assessment of the impact which used materials in the mummification on the linen wrappings of the mummy, then, examining the role of deterioration factors on the physical and chemical characteristics of the linen fabric wrappings. Followed by, studying the latest examination types and scientific analysis for the sample of Tayuheret’s mummy (linen wrappings, mummification materials, and dyed linen fabric wraps). Finally, providing a restoration and conservation method of the linen fabric wrappings according to the scientific conditions of the conservation and restoration of archaeological linen fabric.

Wearing hats and caps in sunny areas to protect from sunrays is frequent in hot areas or as a requirement for fashion lines, especially in summer and spring times. A number of fabrics were woven, their permeability properties were measured, and the extent to which they protected hair from airborne dust and sunlight, by measuring the porosity of the tested fabrics. The best tested fabrics for permeability and porosity were selected and coated with copolymer to increase protection from the sun's rays by measuring the sun protection factor (UPF) using diffuse transmission spectrophotometer. Cap was designed using Gerber software. The results showed that choosing the appropriate fabrics in the manufacture of hats and caps prevents damage to the hair.

Geometric perspective is one of the most important methods of engineering representation, and it is one of the applications of central projection , as it is used to produce a realistic image similar to the image captured with a camera lens . It is a science based in general on the linear representation of figures and objects on a plane surface in a certain position and at a certain distance from the point of view in a geometric way that achieves the transformation of those figures and objects into a photographic image on the drawing board where the lines converge at a point or points on an assumed oplical level , and thus the elements appear far is smaller than near , and so on . The importance of drawing the geometric perspective on an oblique projection plane is to get a perspective shot of a piece of furniture that is closer to reality and spatially expresses the piece of furniture in a better and more realistic way during the design process and before production begins . When we look at a piece of furniture , we often do not look at it in the direction of vision always in a horizontal position , but we move our eyes up and down , this movement chages the direction of vision and as a result this movement also creates another vanishing point fot vertical elements and lines ,when changing the direction of vision up we see walls and vertical elements and lines as if they meet at some point above , on other side when we change the direction of vision down we see lines and vertical elements and lines as if they meet at a point below . Since drawing the geometric perspective is one of the basic skills that the furniture designer must possess to show his ideas more clearly during the design process and before production process .The idea of the research arose from finding a method to draw the geometric perspective better , more realistic and closer to the image we see with our eyes , through drawing geometric perspective on an oblique projection plane and the effect of applying this method on furniture presentation process .

هدفت الدراسة إلى معرفة أثر إعادة هندسة العمليات الإدارية في تخفيض تكاليف عبر توسيط التحسين المستمر بجامعة إقليم سبأ، واعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، واستخدمت الاستبانة أداةً لجمع البيانات. ويتمثل مجتمع الدراسة بموظفي جامعة إقليم سبأ البالغ عددهم (305) موظف وموظفة، وزِّعت (170) استبانة، وكان عدد الاستبانات المستردة الصالحة للتحليل (130) بنسبة (76.47%). وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى أن إعادة هندسة العمليات الإدارية جاءت بدرجةٍ متوسطة، والتحسين المستمر جاء بدرجةٍ متوسطة، وتخفيض التكاليف جاءت بدرجةٍ متوسطة، وجود علاقة وأثر إيجابي متوسط لإعادة هندسة العمليات الإدارية في تخفيض التكاليف، وجود علاقة وأثر إيجابي مرتفع لإعادة هندسة العمليات الإدارية في التحسين المستمر، وجود علاقة وأثر إيجابي متوسط التحسين المستمر في تخفيض التكاليف، ويتوسط التحسين المستمر العلاقة بين إعادة هندسة العمليات الإدارية والتحسين المستمر، وهي علاقة جزئية. وقد أوصت الدراسة الجامعة بتشكيل لجنة لتحديد العمليات التي تحتاج إلى إعادة هندسة وتصميم من جديد، ووضع خطة إستراتيجية للتطوير الإداري.

The construction industry in the 21st century is facing huge challenges, especially with the emergence of Building Information Modelling (BIM) technology, which has produced great development in the fields of architecture especially in the interior design. Now many companies are designing and implementing construction projects using BIM technology. However, the Building & construction sector suffers from a shortage of experts & specialists with (BIM) skills, as there is a huge gap and lack of skills for this technology. To meet the future needs of (BIM) skills in the labor market, it was necessary to take serious actions to graduates suits the labor market. In most of the architectural education syllabus in Egypt, there is a gap concerning (BIM) technology as a result, most of the architectural graduates do not have enough knowledge or skills in using (BIM) technology, which creates a large gap between academia, design and construction industry. This study is based on analysis and understanding of the most important methodologies include (BIM) technology in interior design education syllabus and and identify the most important challenges faced, then try to develop a framework for the methodology of effectively integrating BIM technology within the architectural education syllabus.

The elements of space have an important role in the formation of thermal comfort within the urban space and the formation of a visual image of it. Therefore, the study aims to determine the elements of urban space and the effect of each element on thermal comfort and the formation of an appropriate thermal image for it using various practical experiments, in addition to studying the role of trees in thermal performance and creating a suitable climate for it and knowing the best raw materials for use within the urban space. This study relied on the use of the experimental method by conducting an experiment in the city of Alexandria (Muhammad Naguib Square) to find out the effect of the different materials used in the voids on their thermal performance. The experimental phase was carried out using Design builder, a simulation engine that uses Energy Plus, and many passive cooling solutions were tested in the reference building through testing the types of materials for glass and walls proposed to be used, through which appropriate thermal and visual comfort can be achieved in the urban space ,the cooling energy used in the reference building can be reduced by 60%. Furthermore, the study demonstrates the potential of the design options examined by calculating the amount of thermal comfort that each alternative might achieve.

The color correction and special effects programs are one of the means of artistic formation that highlight a wide range of meanings that any artwork covets to communicate its goals, or in a more accurate sense, and transform the writing represented in the paper script into a set of feelings and feelings within the recipient of the artwork, which in turn is one of the most important The objectives of the artwork, the successful artwork is the one that can invade the human soul and make it in a state of unification with the main idea of the artwork. The treatment of color and focus on color comes in the presented picture, because the dramatic picture, which presents its elements of color, has become an important part and aspect of what is presented. The psychological effects of colors represent one of the three main effects associated with color. These psychological effects are concerned with examining the effect of color on the psyche of the individual and this means that the use of colors in The presented image leads to a specific emotional impact on the viewer who is presented, and these emotional responses create a live and tangible effect on the target recipient through what is presented. The emotional and emotional effects of different colors vary among individuals, and we note that the establishment of such emotional effects on the basis of objective factors will create a kind of congruence between these influences and previous experiences similar to them, which leads to the strengthening of the idea presented through the work presented to the viewer.

The Covid-19 pandemic struck the world suddenly and in an unprecedented way in terms of the speed of its spread worldwide, the inability to remedy the consequences, and the severity and strength of the effects resulting from the pandemic, to enter the world in an attempt to control the spread through a series of closures that ranged between Complete to partial closure, as well as the duration of closure, whether complete or partial was differed from one country to another. The shadows of the pandemic’s effects have widened, not only on the health level, but on the industrial level and therefore the economic one as a result of the closures and disruption of global supply and supply chains, with the stagnation of the buying and selling movement, in addition to the transformation of a large sector of work sectors to work from home through modern technological solutions that pushed countries for a faster and more comprehensive digital transformation. Fashion in clothing is an art based on science, design and application, and its change is only an indication of social, political, economic and health changes, and it is one of the foundations of the development of society as a pillar of its progress. The image of clothes or textile materials, as it is considered the window from which we can look at the personality of the individual and expresses his entity, and the Covid-19 pandemic has changed the fashion trends in clothes based on the change in the world, for fashion houses to focus on the upper pieces and emphasize the highlighting of the brand in the upper part that appears across the screens, the face masks have become an integral part of the basic accessories, and the psychological and psychological influences were reflected to determine trends for the distinctive colours of fashion during this period. The textile and clothing industry was one of the industries that most affected after the transfer from the repercussions of the Covid-19 pandemic in terms of focusing on textile products used in the field of protection and protective and precautionary measures from the manufacture of medical masks, as well as focusing on the use of materials that withstand the effect of disinfectants and temperatures during washing, as well as The textile machinery manufacturing and trading market has been affected. Among the most important effects of the pandemic on the industrial sector in Egypt are the following: (Negative) The slowdown in the activity of the industrial sector, the decline in local and international demand, and the suffering of some factories from the lack of production requirements imported from abroad, especially from China, the rise in the prices of production requirements for some industries, the decline in investments in the industrial sector, and the suspension of investment plans due to the uncertainty that accompanied the pandemic. In addition, laying off part of the employment or reducing salaries and closing some factories. As for (positive) effect, it is the tendency to rely on local industries to meet production requirements, and to focus on deepening local industrialization of strategic industries.

Biological warfare is the deliberate use of disease-causing pathogenic organisms such as bacteria, fungi and other toxins to harm humans, agriculture, animals and ultimately the economy of specific opponents as an act of war. Unlike conventional warfare, biological warfare releases invisible agents of devastation that cause damage to both people and the environment. With an emphasis on the fundamental tenets of conflict (the defense of life, justice, and the environment) this article explores the idea, history, and moral ramifications of biological warfare via the prism of Islamic beliefs. In addition to taking the lives of unwitting individuals, biological arsenals destroy environments, cattle, and agricultural produce, resulting in extensive and permanent damage. The Islamic concept of moral warfare, which requires moderation, kindness, and the protection of non-combatants and natural resources, is essentially at odds with such gratuitous damage. Applying the qualitative methodology, an extensive research examination of primary Islamic texts, including the Quran and Hadith, as well as academic elucidations of Islamic values has been done in this article. Comparisons with cases of biological warfare from the past and present provide additional insight into Islam's moral position on the matter. This study emphasizes how Islamic values, which oppose the excessive destruction of biological warfare, support a view of conflict which values the lives of people and the natural world.

The Islamic rule of Umar bin Abdul Aziz stands as an exemplary model of a Welfare State. During his leadership, he introduced significant economic reforms, eliminating corruption from the public treasury (Bait-ul-Mal) and holding corrupt officials accountable. He safeguarded the rights of dhimmis (non-Muslim citizens under Islamic rule) and relieved citizens from the burden of unnecessary taxes. Financial support, including scholarships, was provided to assist disadvantaged citizens, ensuring that the needs of both Muslims and non-Muslims were met with fairness. Justice was upheld for every social class, creating a period of remarkable economic prosperity. Despite his brief rule of just two and a half years, such was the societal well-being that there were no recipients for zakat; while people gave zakat, no one required it. This research paper seeks to underscore the importance of the welfare measures implemented by Umar bin Abdul Aziz in establishing a just and prosperous society, utilizing a narrative and analytical approach.

This article examines the social reforms introduced by Islam that transformed pre-Islamic Arabian society from a state of jahiliyyah (ignorance) to one of justice and equity. It analyzes key Islamic principles such as human equality, brotherhood, piety (taqwa), just governance, prohibition of oppression, circulation of wealth, and protection of minority rights. The study highlights how these principles, rooted in the Quran and exemplified by Prophet Muhammad, revolutionized tribal loyalties and arbitrary conventions prevalent in pre-Islamic Arabia. The reforms addressed economic disparities, established a framework for systematic wealth distribution, and protected the rights of marginalized groups. The article argues that the shift from the era of Jahiliyyah to the establishment of Islamic justice wasn't just a historical event, but a transformative change in how society was organized. This change still offers valuable lessons for tackling modern social issues. By contrasting the social conditions before Islam with the ideals it introduced, the study shows how Islamic teachings The study shows how Islamic teachings created a system of social justice aimed at building a fair, compassionate, and morally grounded society.

Cet article a pour objectif de mettre en lumière la situation de l'enseignement et apprentissage universitaire du français langue étrangère au Yémen. Il s'agit tout d'abord de montrer le début de l'insertion du programme du FLE aux universités yéménites. Ce programme, qui a démarré il y a trente ans, se voit ces dernières années, disparaitre de la liste des programmes actifs d'enseignement universitaire. Certes, la faible demande a conduit certaines universités à suspendre ou fermer leurs programmes du FLE. Il importe ainsi de savoir pourquoi l'on est arrivé à cette situation tout en prenant connaissance des causes pour pouvoir ensuit y apporter des réponses.

La présente contribution entend appréhender la succession des principaux programmes narratifs qui forment le parcours narratif de l’exilé dans l’épopée de Chaka et de Soundjata. La perte du prestige, la quête de la stabilité, la reconquête du pouvoir et la reconstitution du royaume sont autant de programmes qui forment le parcours narratif des exilés du corpus. Celui-ci retrace le legs de la tradition à propos des épopées de Chaka et de Soundjata. Il évoque tout d’abord le dysfonctionnement du cadre familial, dominé par des séquences traumatiques de haine, de marginalisation et de maltraitance (à cela s’ajoute le handicap physique chez Soundjata) ; puis, il rend compte de l’exil forcé, imposé par les détracteurs et prétendants illégitimes au trône, et enfin, évoque le retour triomphal marqué par la volonté de conquérir le pouvoir. En effet, longtemps après leur fuite et malgré la distance qui les sépare de leurs royaumes, les exilés triomphent et retrouvent la conjonction avec le trône. Ce sont tous ces programmes narratifs qui forment le parcours narratif de Chaka et de Soundjata. En nous fondant sur une démarche sémiotique, nous entendons analyser la trajectoire qui sous-tend la mobilité de ces héros.

Cet article traite d’un sujet peu étudié dans les études arabes : à savoir une nouvelle approche des dictionnaires et des encyclopédies biographiques. Pour étudier le genre biographie arabe médiéval, nous proposons d’essayer de définir la tarğama (notice biographique), sur le fond et la forme, et d’essayer de délimiter les contours d’un modèle codifié par les biographes eux-mêmes. Les enjeux mémoriels et littéraires de ce genre historiographique sont multiples et s’alimentent entre eux. Ibn Ḥazm de Cordoue (m. 456 H/1064 A.C.), figure aussi ambivalente que clivante, permet de mettre en perspective les points saillants des stratégies narratives utilisées par les biographes arabes médiévaux. Notre approche s’appuie à la fois sur une analyse intertextuelle et sur les outils numériques proposés par les Humanités Numériques. La littérométrie permet alors d’étudier ce corpus si massif sous un angle nouveau et de sortir le genre des targama-s de la stéréotypie qui est une des causes pour lesquels ce genre a été parfois critiqué.

L’exil est un phénomène humain qui se manifeste de plus en plus dans la littérature contemporaine dite littérature d’immigration, surtout dans les récits des jeunes auteurs maghrébins qui ont connu personnellement cette expérience de déplacement physique entre deux pays et donc deux mondes. Ces auteurs mettent l’accent sur des thèmes récurrents dans ce genre littéraire : l’amertume de l’exilé, ses souffrances, sa peur, son isolement et son intégration, la dégradation psychique de l’exilé, le concept de la mort à l’étranger, l’amour et les contraintes que l’exilé rencontre dans son quotidien. Cependant, ce phénomène de l’exil n’est pas entièrement nouveau dans les écrits contemporains, il a été connu dans différentes sociétés et à différentes époques. Le terme devient répandu depuis l’augmentation des vagues de l’immigration vers l’Europe depuis la fin du XXe siècle, et les multiples réactions officielles des pays européens vis-à-vis de ce phénomène qui dérègle le contexte social européen. Dans cet article, nous tenterons de répondre aux questions suivantes : comment se manifeste l’exil dans le récit "Les vagues de l’âme" de Mustapha Chaabane ? Quelles sont les palpitations intérieures du personnage principal Rahhal et ses états d’âme ?

L’Afrique noire, perçue comme une terre sans propriétaire, fait l’objet de balkanisation à la Conférence de Berlin entre 1884 et 1885. Dans la foulée, Jules Ferry annonce le droit absolu des races dites "supérieures" (blanches) sur les races dites "inférieures" (noires). La puissance colonisatrice imposait alors sa vision du monde comme la seule valable, et l’assimilation comme seul moyen de progrès. Bref, de départir les autochtones d’une grande partie de leurs croyances, notamment islamiques, qui, dans la vision coloniale, devaient être remplacées par d’autres venues d’Europe. Pour ce faire, le thème de l’évangélisation des peuples indigènes devait être mis en avant, en Afrique subsaharienne, par des missionnaires catholiques européens sous l’égide de l’administration coloniale et, bien entendu, à ses ordres. Le missionnaire et le colonialiste étaient alors, et sans aucun doute, très complices. Tous deux, chacun à sa manière, étaient au service d’une idéologie qui s’évertuait à faire accepter une "supériorité" de l’homme blanc sur l’homme non blanc. Dans cette optique, ils ont été amenés à se liguer pour combattre l’Islam et sa civilisation.

Le drogman est la clé de la communication entre les voyageurs romantiques et l’Orient, vu qu’ils en ignoraient les langues ; mais malgré cela, ils en brossent, dans leur relation viatique, un portrait équivoque qui surprend le lecteur ; malgré sa présence quasi permanente aux côtés des voyageurs, ceux-ci mettent en avant ses défauts et par moments son incapacité à bien traduire et remettent au second plan sa serviabilité ainsi que les multiples compétences dont il fait preuve au quotidien. Le présent article cherche à cerner le portrait ambivalent que brossent les voyageurs de leur drogman et à tenter d’en comprendre les raisons.

Este artículo aborda el estudio de la teoría del cuento, la cual forma parte de la teoría literaria y semiótica, y para estudiarlo es necesario conocer algunos aspectos teóricos básicos del cuento, como su definición, características, tipos y estructura. A continuación, llevamos a cabo un análisis estructural de un cuento de la colección de cuentos del Conde Lucanor que se remonta a la Edad Media. El motivo de elegir este tipo de cuento es por el valor educativo y pedagógico que transmite al lector, al mismo tiempo que se considera una oportunidad para que el estudiante conozca la mentalidad cultural española de la época medieval, además el hecho de que el cuento que elegimos hable sobre amigos leales o amistad, que es un tema muy habitual y está presente en casi todas las culturas, y esto facilita que el estudiante comprenda el texto durante el proceso de análisis. El objetivo principal del estudio es proporcionar un ejercicio analítico de la estructura narrativa del cuento a través del cual el estudiante conozca los elementos básicos que componen la estructura del cuento.

Le patrimoine colonial allemand constitue l’œuvre allemande au Cameroun de la période 1884 à 1919. Ce patrimoine est localisé dans les différents sites d’installation des colons allemands au Cameroun. Cependant, de nombreuses sources orales et peu de sources écrites font état du patrimoine caché des allemands dans différentes régions du Cameroun. La disparition des archives du Cameroun concernant la période allemande a été une histoire mouvementée pendant environ 60 ans. Cette histoire a connu un dénouement en 1986, avec l'envoi par la République Fédérale d'Allemagne à la République du Cameroun des documents microfilmés, désormais disponibles aux Archives Nationales de Yaoundé. On peut ainsi découvrir au travers de ces archives que le patrimoine caché par les Allemands a un aspect fondamental aussi bien pour les Français et les Britanniques, héritiers des Allemands au Cameroun, que pour les Camerounais, témoins de la colonisation. Cela témoigne de l'importance des archives d'un pays comme patrimoine national. Les recherches récentes effectuées au Ministère des Relations Extérieures du Cameroun montrent la façon dont les archives allemandes ont été rassemblées puis restituées à l'Etat du Cameroun. Il faut noter, pour le regretter que le patrimoine secret des Allemands au Cameroun reste encore en arrière-plan dans l'historiographie camerounaise, il n'y a pas de publication consacrée à la question.

La création théâtrale au Cameroun donne l’impression d’un projet qui décrit le cadre de vie de certaines sociétés. Elle met en lumière les informations nécessaires à la maitrise des us et coutumes des personnages/acteurs. Il s’agit en réalité, dans ce théâtre, de l’expression de leur organisation sociétale. En analysant "Guéidô", on y découvre une étude minutieuse qui renseigne sur le Cameroun profond. La présente recherche examine les modalités et les buts de cette entreprise de création. Elle se propose de faire ressortir les raisons qui entretiennent ces représentations sociales dans la création théâtrale contemporaine au Cameroun. Cette étude repose sur l’ethnoscénologie qui est une discipline scientifique issue de l’ethnologie et des arts du spectacle. Elle examine les pratiques culturelles dans leur contexte de production sans jugements de valeur ou préjugés. Sa démarche ici conduit à analyser les pratiques performatives, la confrérie des neuf notables, l’usage de la parole, les systèmes de croyances, les systèmes de rétributions et de condamnations et l’univers des créateurs. Ainsi, on découvre que la création théâtrale contemporaine au Cameroun participe à compléter, à sa manière, les études sur les systèmes d’organisation des sociétés camerounaises, à travers la mise en scènes des représentations sociales.