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This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Chlorella and germinated barley powder on the hematological and biochemical parameters of (Cyprinus carpio L.). An experiment was designed with five treatments; Groups included T1: Diet without any supplement (Control), T2: adding 5 % Chlorella/ kg diet, T3: adding 10 % Chlorella / kg diet, T4: adding 10 % germinated barely / kg diet, T5: adding 20 % germinated barely/ kg diet. At the end of the experiment, the hematological and Immunological parameters were measured. The results revealed that supplementation of Chlorella and germinated barley in diets in which T4 were higher significantly in each of hemoglobin and red blood corpuscles. T1 was significantly higher in the control. A different significance observed in each of Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH). Significant variants observed in differential WBC count in T2 and T4 and Monocytes %, a significant difference seen among the treatments in each of Lymphocytes % and Granulocytes %. Significant differences occurred by adding the Chlorella and germinated barely in each Total protein, Alanine aminotransferase activity (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase activity (AST), Albumin and Globulin among treatments. A significant difference observed in the Hepatosomatic index and Gillsomatic index, T5 with 20 % germinated barely was differ significantly in each of Spleensomatic and Kidneysomatic Index. Based on the results, supplementation of Chlorella and germinated barley in diet can play a role in effecting on some blood and biochemical parameters. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Chlorella and germinated barley powder on the hematological and biochemical parameters of (Cyprinus carpio L.). An experiment was designed with five treatments; Groups included T1: Diet without any supplement (Control), T2: adding 5 % Chlorella/ kg diet, T3: adding 10 % Chlorella / kg diet, T4: adding 10 % germinated barely / kg diet, T5: adding 20 % germinatedbarely/ kg diet. At the end of the experiment, the hematological and Immunological parameters were measured. The results revealed that supplementation of Chlorellaand germinated barley in diets in which T4 were higher significantly in each of hemoglobin and red blood corpuscles. T1 was significantly higher in the control. A different significance observed in each of Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH). Significant variants observed in differential WBC count in T2 and T4 and Monocytes %, a significant difference seen among the treatments in each of Lymphocytes % and Granulocytes %. Significant differences occurred by adding the Chlorella and germinated barely in each Total protein, Alanine aminotransferase activity (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase activity (AST), Albumin and Globulin among treatments. A significant difference observed in the Hepatosomatic index and Gillsomatic index, T5 with 20 % germinatedbarely was differ significantly in each of Spleensomatic and Kidneysomatic Index. Based on the results, supplementation of Chlorellaand germinated barley in diet can play a role in effecting on some blood and biochemical parameters.

يهدف هذا البحث إلى معرفة أثر الاقتصاد الخفي على حجم الإنفاق الحكومي في العراق للفترة(2000 – 2013) في الآجلين القصير والطويل، وقد تم استخدام الأساليب القياسية المتمثلة باختبار جذر الوحدة واختبار التكامل المشترك ونموذج تصحيح الخطأ للوصول إلى هدف البحث. وتوصل البحث إلى أن نتائج البحث في الأجل القصير عن الأجل الطويل لم تختلف كثيراً ، فعلى ضوء نتائج تقدير معادلة التكامل المشترك (العلاقة طويلة الأجل) ونتائج تقدير نموذج تصحيح الخطأ (العلاقة قصيرة الأجل) تبين أن متغير حجم الاقتصاد الخفي سالب ومعنوي التأثير على حجم الإنفاق الحكومي في الأجلين من خلال تخفيض حصيلة الضرائب وبالتالي انخفاض الإنفاق الحكومي وعدم القدرة على تمويل المشاريع التنموية الحكومية. وتبين من نتائج البحث أن هذا التأثير السلبي للاقتصاد الخفي على حجم الإنفاق الحكومي في العراق ضئيل لأن نظام الاقتصاد العراقي لا يعتمد بشكل رئيسي على النظام الضريبي ولكنه يعتمد أساساً على عوائد مبيعاته من النفط والذي يشكل مصدرا أساسيا للدخل القومي وبالتالي أساسا للإنفاق الحكومي.

The demand for Halal pharmaceutical products in Malaysia has been on the rise, but this positive trend is accompanied by concerning issues such as the use of fake Halal logos and the inclusion of non-Halal ingredients in pharmaceutical products, which present risks to consumers and undermine trust in the industry. Accordingly, tort law emerges as one of the legal mechanisms for consumers seeking redress in cases involving fake Halal logos and non-Halal ingredients. With the application of a doctrinal method based on qualitative legal research methodology, this article analyses the remedies under tort law. The study investigates the effectiveness of remedies provided by tort law in dealing with these issues. Findings reveal that the existing remedies under tort law do not entirely safeguard consumers’ apprehensions related to fake Halal logos and non-Halal ingredients. Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive review of existing laws to ensure that they provide complete protection for consumers and help to promote the continuous growth of the Halal pharmaceutical industry in Malaysia.

The semantics roles are considered one of the important linguistic topics. This research aims at shedding light on the semantic roles that Van Valin (2005 AD) has included, since his model is distinguished from other models of semantic roles, whether in terms of the number of semantic roles or in terms of naming each semantic role. This study has applied this model to the local dialect of Bahdin Kurdish, as it has showed verb arguments according to Van Valin model, because this semantic role is assigned to the argument. The most important questions that have been raised by this study: How many semantic roles are there according to (Van) Valin‌s model (2005 AD) In what case is the word an argument and in what case is it complementary? At the end, the relevant findings have been discussed in terms of Van Valin‌s (2005 AD) models. Moreover, the semantic roles have been divided into three levels, each level contains as aspect of the semantic roles, and it has been able to display 40 thematic relationships. The current study has succeeded to distinguish between arguments and compliments.

This study was conducted in fish diseases lab. / College of veterinary medicine/ university of Sulaimani to evaluate the effect of boiling oak as compared with raw oak on the performance of common carp at 0.05 significant level for all studied parameters. This study was carried out on C. carpio L. for five treatments/ three replicates. The experimental trial consists of five treatments with three duplicates, each containing seven fish: Group 1: Diet without any supplement as a control group, Group 2: adding 10g raw oak/ kg diet, Group 3: adding 20g raw oak/kg diet, Group 4: adding 10g boiled oak/kg diet, Group 5: 20 grams of boiling oak/kg diet. The second group with 10g raw oak/ kg diet and T5 with 20g boiled oak/ kg diet was high significantly in the final weight, weight gain, significant and relative growth rate. T3 with 20g raw oak/ kg diet was higher significantly in FCR, T4 with 10g boiled oak/kg diet was higher significantly in FER. RBC *1012/L was higher in T4 with 10g boiled oak/ kg diet and T5 with 20g boiled oak/ kg diet were higher significantly, in HGB g/L the T2 with 10g raw oak/ kg diet and T3 with 20g raw oak/kg diet were higher significantly. T3 with 20g raw oak/kg diet was significant in each of the indices MCH pg and MCHC g/L. T4 with 10g boiled oak/kg diet was higher significantly in each of HCT %. The control was significantly higher in PLT *109/L. T5 with 20g boiled oak/ kg diet was significantly high in Sugar and HDL. Total Protein was significantly high in control and T2 with a 10g raw oak/ kg diet. Cholesterol was significantly high in T2, T4, and T5 as compared to the control group. GOT and CKI was significant in T3. A Hepatosomatic index was higher significantly in each of T2, T3 and T5. Gill somatic Index was significant in all treatments as compared to T3. Gonadosomatic Index was significant in all treatments as compared to T2 and T4, in the Intestine Weight Index and Intestine Length Index, all treatments were significantly different from the control. In the Intestine Length (Fish Length) Index, T2 was substantially greater. The current study’s findings imply that oak acorn powder is a viable feed additive, indicating a starting point for additional research into its potential use as an antioxidant and immune booster in various fish species.

This study was carried out to study the effect of adding different levels of the microalgae Spirulina spp. in fish laboratory of Animal Sciences Department, College of Agricultural Sciences of Sulaimani University, Sulaimani, Iraq. A total of 72 common carp fingerling weight 45±2 gm used to detect the effect of three different levels of the algae Spirulina spp. The control treatment T1 with 0%., T2 with 3 gm /kg diet and T3 with 5 gm Spirulina /kg diet. Each treatment in three replicates in which six fingerlings common carp were stocked in each aquarium. Results indicated no significant differences at PSpirulina) in T3 was higher significantly at PSpirulina was higher significantly at PSpirulina to common carp diets in different levels leads to significant differences in differential WBC counts, T3 with 5 gm Spirulina /kg diet was higher in WBC counts. Lymphocytes were higher in each of control and T3. Monocytes were higher in control, granulocytes in T2 with 3 gm Spirulina /kg diet. Adding of Spirulina affected significantly in cholesterol as compared to the control. Triglyceride was higher in control and T2. T3 with 5 gm Spirulina /kg diet leads to higher and lower significantly in HDL and LDL respectively. T1 and T3 were higher significantly in spleenosomatic index. Inclusion of S. platensis in fish diet as a feed additive or as a partial replacer of the expensive fishmeal imposes significant promotions in fish growth, coloration, reproduction and flesh quality.