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Aims: exposed pulp can be managed by Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) that stimulates reparative dentin deposition at the site of exposure. The study aims to evaluate the healing of exposed pulp immunohistochemically by using hyaluronic acid (HA) with MTA by evaluating collagen III expression rate. Materials and method: Ninety teeth were used from 10 dogs to perform an experimental pulp exposure. The samples were divided into three groups according to the mixing medium with MTA: group I: MTA + distilled water (control group), group II: MTA + hybrid cooperative complex hyaluronic acid (HCC-HA), group III: MTA + high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HMW-HA). After pulp capping, all cavities were restored with glass ionomer restoration. The dogs were divided randomly into five groups (2 dogs each) according to the evaluation periods (7,14,21,30,60) days. At the end of the study, the dogs were euthanized and the sampled teeth were processed for immunohistochemical investigation to evaluate collagen III expression rate by Kruskal-Wallis Test using Pairwise Multiple Comparison Tukey Test with significant level set on P ≤ 0.05. Results: Both types of hyaluronic acid (HCC-HA, HMW-HA) showed a statistically higher expression rate of collagen III than using distilled water with MTA. Conclusions: within the limitations of this study, using HA for mixing with MTA increased collagen III expression, which can be explained as an increase in the healing process. HA could be an effective water substitute for mixing with MTA for direct pulp capping.

This study aimed comparison the gastric ulcer induced by indomethacin, aspirin, and ethanol on the level of pathological changes, ulcers surface area, and index. Forty rats were divided into 4 groups: the control group received normal saline, the remaining were the gastric ulcer groups, the Indomethacin group 40 mg/kg, the Aspirin group100 mg/kg, and the 80% ethanol group 5 ml/kg, all doses were orally administrated one time. The result revealed the ethanol group had the largest ulcer surface area, whereas the indomethacin group had a significantly lowest ulcer index after 3 hrs., and no significant differences among the groups after 24 hrs. Gastric ulcers were in the ethanol group after 3 hours, while the gastric ulcers were approximate in treated groups after 24 hrs. Histopathological changes revealed erosions or gastric ulcers with necrosis, hemorrhage, and inflammation, as well as complete ulcer exfoliation of mucosa reaching the muscularis in the indomethacin and ethanol groups after 24 hrs. The PAS/AB stain showed intense, slight, and moderate mucus reactivity in the indomethacin, aspirin, and ethanol groups, respectively, after 3 hrs., while decreased mucus reactivity in all treated groups after 24 hrs. The COX-2 expression increased in the indomethacin and aspirin groups except in the ethanol groups. We conclude that gastric ulcer surface area was severer in the ethanol group after 3 hrs., whereas severe gastric ulcers and a decline in mucus production after 24 hrs. The indomethacin group had a modest rise in COX2 expression, which was stronger in the aspirin and weak in the ethanol groups.

This study aimed at detecting the liver histopathological changes of hydatid cysts sheep infestation. Seventeen sheep liver's samples, infested with hydatid cysts, were collected from the local butchers. The specimens sectioned, processed, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and some special stains such as Gomori's aldehyde fuschin, Van Gieson, Toluidine blue, Alcian blue, Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) and Mansso's trichrome. The results of haematoxylin and eosin stain of infected groups revealed the presence of the laminated membrane of hydatid cyst in different spots of hepatic tissue encircled by infiltration of inflammatory cells, an increase in fibrous tissue and severe necrotic hepatic tissue. The special stains as in Gomori's aldehyde fuschin revealed the protoscolex in green colour and elastic fibres of connective tissue surrounding hydatid cyst with its laminated membrane in purple colour. Van Gieson stain showed dark brown-purple colour of the elastic fibres reduplication of connective tissue surrounding hydatid cyst, while Toluidine blue stain sections revealed the dark blue stain of acidic components of hydatid cyst laminated membrane and necrotic hepatocytes. Alcian blue stain revealed the blue colour reactivity of the proteoglycans of the connective tissue surrounding hydatid cyst. PAS reaction stain revealed the magenta colour reaction of the intact hepatocytes in the control group comparing with depletion of magenta colour in necrotic hepatocytes surrounding hydatid cyst. Masson's trichrome stain revealed increased collagen fibres of the connective tissue. At the conclusion, it’s evident that infection with hydatid cysts causes a variety of histopathological alterations that appeared through several tissue stains.

This paper considers a new Double Integral transform called Double Sumudu-Elzaki transform DSET. The combining of the DSET with a semi-analytical method, namely the variational iteration method DSETVIM, to arrive numerical solution of nonlinear PDEs of Fractional Order derivatives. The proposed dual method property decreases the number of calculations required, so combining these two methods leads to calculating the solution's speed. The suggested technique is tested on four problems. The results demonstrated that solving these types of equations using the DSETVIM was more advantageous and efficient

One hundred fifteen samples of the urinary bladder were collected randomly from slaughtered local bovine calves in Mosul city during March 2018. Gross and histopathological changes revealed in 37 samples 23.1%. Gross changes represented by congestions, petechial hemorrhage, inflammation and cystic hernia. Histopathological changes included the disturbances of cell metabolism represented by cell swelling of transitional epithelial cells and smooth muscle cell 16.2%, and coagulative necrosis of epithelium of mucosa and Zenker's necrosis of muscular layer 40.5%. cell adaptation manifested by epithelial hyperplasia 18.9% and smooth muscle fibers atrophy 8.1%. Circulatory disturbances represented by hyperemia and congestion 51.3%, petechial hemorrhage, edema and thrombi 5.4% for each. Acute cystitis showed in percentage of 18.9% while chronic cystitis was 13% and fibrosis 21.6%. Congenital deformities represented by cystic hernia 13% and bladder wall intrusion 5.4%. This study concludes the presence of different types of pathological changes in the urinary bladder of slaughtered local bovine calves in Mosul city which indicates presenting different types of causative agents and infections.

Since cities are constantly changing, their new forms and activities are developed according to their patterns and physical arrangements. Sustainable urban forms are currently a widely discussed topic in the concept of urban sustainability. The physical forms of cities can be conceptualised as two interlocking planes. The first comprises the spatial distribution of activities and buildings. The second is made up of the pattern of streets, parks and the public realm. Sustainable integration between these layers leads to a compatibly built environment. This paper intends to formulate sustainable urban form indicators as a conceptual framework model that provides a comprehensive understanding of how sustainability can be evaluated and measured according to the pattern of any built environment. This framework consists of eight indicators: Accessibility, Connectivity, Compatibility, Diversity, Nodality, Density, Identity, and Adaptability. Accordingly, two of the most significant sustainable urban districts have been chosen for field study. The first is the Hammerby residential district in Stockholm, Sweden and the second is the Vauban residential district in Freiburg, Germany. The research concludes that good performance of urban pattern indicators in these developed communities may motivate, inform and improve design strategies for achieving a more sustainable urban context.