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This paper presents the different points of view of the classical school, the Keynesian school, and the monetary school regarding the velocity of money circulation. It aims to investigate the determinants of money velocity in Iraq for the period from 2005:1- to 2020:4, using the autoregressive distributed lag approach (ARDL Model). The results indicate the existence of a long-term equilibrium relationship between the velocity of money circulation and its determinants. When estimating the parameters, it is found that the GDP growth rate has a positive effect on the velocity of money circulation, and it is the only variable that demonstrates statistical significance. Diagnostic tests were conducted, confirming that the model is free from the problems of serial correlation and heteroscedasticity in the error term, as well as demonstrating the stability of the parameters in the long term relationship between the velocity of money circulation and its explanatory variables. Based on these results, the researcher suggests that it is preferable to use the growth rate of the money supply, rather than interest rates as an indicator for measuring the impact of monetary policy on economic activity in Iraq. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of money laundering is one of the biggest challenges facing financial and banking institutions in countries around the world. This phenomenon is one of the most serious challenges facing the Iraqi economy at the moment. Thus, the central bank of Iraq has taken serious measures to limit it. These measures represent economic policy to combat the money laundering by putting control on private banks and money transfer checks to enter the currency auction. This research aims to measure and analyze the phenomenon of money laundering. In order to accomplish this, aim a descriptive statistic is used, and the standard model used was (FMOLS). depending on data obtained from the central bank of Iraq from period 2003 to 2021. The research found that the measures taken by the central bank did not lead to a decrease in the amount of money laundering. Where any increase of these measures which represented in (Money supply, sales of the Central bank of Iraq of foreign currency and exchange rate) by (1%) lead to increase the money laundering by (0.27%, 0.39%, 1.29%) respectively. In conclusion, the research main recommendation is to implement the instructions of the office of combating money laundering accurately as well as to strengthen international cooperation in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The banking sector is one of the leading sectors in modern economies, not only for its important role in mobilization of domestic and foreign savings, but also for being the most important focal point with the outside world. Due to its expansion and complexity of its activity, this sector became the window from which the world overlooks us, and we overlook the world. Central bank has several instruments, by which it can affect on money supply, including selling and buying price of bonds, and statutory reserve ratio. North Korea is one of the Asian tigers, which was able to achieve great progress in economic development, in spite of lack of its economic resources, and sudden war waged against it in 1950 and lasted for three years, resulting in extensive destruction in the Korean Peninsula. At that time, Gross Domestic Product per capita in South Korea was equal to the one in the poorest countries in Africa and Asia. Today, Gross Domestic Product per capita in South Korea is 18 more times than that in North Korea. South Korea achieved this success as a result to common action between the government and businessmen, as the government guaranteed supervised credit and financial support for businessmen in some industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims at identifying the effect of the Israeli monetary policy on inflation in Palestine. The study shed light on inflation in Israel, money supply in Israel (M1) and shekel exchange rate against the dollar and the euro, to notice the effects on inflation in Palestine. The researcher examined the effects by carrying out important tests on the time series of these variables. The researcher took monthly data during 2007 to 2015 to test its stationary and their degree of integration. In addition to performing co-integration test to determine the number of relations between variables, and finally estimating an ARDL model. One of the most important results of the study is the integrative relationship when conducting ARDL test which showed that there is a positive relationship between consumer prices in Israel and consumer prices in Palestine. In addition, the Israeli money supply (M1) relationship was also positive compared to consumer prices in Palestine. However, the exchange rate of both the US dollar and the euro against the shekel did not have any statistical significance. In other words, it has no impact on consumer prices in Palestine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to study the evolution of the inflation rate, the quantity of money supply, exchange rate, interest rate and GDP, stability test in Turkey, measuring the effect of independent variables in the dependent variable (inflation rate) The second hypothesis: there is an effect of the exchange rate on inflation in Turkey, and the third hypothesis: there is an effect of the interest rate on inflation in Turkey, and the fourth hypothesis: There is an impact of the domestic output Total on inflation in the study data were obtained using the following sources: Reports issued by the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, various international political and economic organizations, and various Arab and foreign references (letters, books, diaries, reports, etc). The results of the research: Turkey's growth rose from %2.9in 2014to %4.2in 2015. It is much higher than expected, despite the geopolitical tensions (the violence in southeastern Turkey and the refugee crisis emanating from Syria), and the low rate Inflation in Turkey from %8.85in 2014to %7.67in 2015. The relationship between inflation and the quantity of money supply in Turkey is also positive and the correlation between inflation and exchange rate is positive and the relation between inflation and the quantity of money supply in Turkey, That the positive relationship between inflation and GDP in Turkey [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of the study of the construction of regression models and time series is to identify the behaviour of the studied phenomenon and its components from the general trend, seasonal and periodic, what are the relationships and influence among them and try to understand the behaviour of economic phenomena and others through studying the historical data of this phenomenon and then the possibility of predicting accurately or interpretation of phenomena and relationships Between the variables to put before the economic planner and the decision maker to make a sound decision based on quantitative and scientific method In our study we will address a set of special modalities for the exponential boot models with a review of their relationship with each other and methods of comparison Ma According to some statistical measures. Therefore, the research will deal with the construction of models for the financial and economic analysis of the variable value of the broad money supply and the data issued by the Central Bank of Iraq. The following models will be dealt with in detail in terms of statistical equations and estimation methods (simple average, Singular, Holt model, dual exponential boot, weighted average and other important econometric models to develop the reality of the Iraqi economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]