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تعدُّ مقامات الحريري وبديع الزمان الهمذاني من أبرز الأمثلة للنثر الفني في العصر العباسي التي تشرح قصة سلوك وأفعال شخصيتين خياليتين بإسم حارث بن همام و عيسي بن هشام كرواة هذه القصص وأبو زيد سروجي وأبوالفتح إسكندري كأبطالها. المقامة البصرية من المقامات التي لها عنوان مشترك في كلا المقامين، وتصف الأحداث التي تجري في مدينة البصرة لشخصيات القصة. يهدف هذا البحث إلى استخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لدراسة هاتين المقامتين بطريقة موازنة ودراسة القواسم المشتركة والاختلافات بينهما. مسرحيتان تحملان عنواناً واحداً وفي إحداهما مشهد المسرحية هو «مسجد البصرة» وفي الاخرى هو «المربد». الغرض من الدراسة الموازنة لهاتين المقامتين هو إظهار القواسم المشتركة والاختلاف بينهما ومن خلالها قمنا بمدى تأثير كاتبي المقامات يعني الحريري والهمذاني من الآخر. تظهر نتائج البحث أن المسجد والمربد كان لهما دور مهم في النثر الفني للمقامات، ومن خلال موازنة هاتين المقامتين، يمكن دراسة وجهات نظر همداني والحريري المختلفة. Maqamat al-Hariri and Badi’ al-Zaman al-Hamadhani are among the most prominent examples of artistic prose in the Abbasid era that explain the story of the behavior and actions of two fictional characters in the name of Harith bin Hammam and Issa bin Hisham as the narrators of these stories, and Abu Zaid Srouji and Abu al-Fath Iskandri as its heroes. Al-Maqama Al- basriyah is one of the Maqamat that has a common title in both places, and it describes the events that take place in the city of Basra for the characters of the story. This research aims to use the descriptive analytical method to study these two denominators in a way that balances and study the commonalities and differences between them. Two plays bearing the same title, in one of them the scene of the play is “Basra Mosque” and in the other is “Al-Mirbad”.The purpose of the balancing study of these two Maqamat is to show the commonalities and differences between them, and through it we have examined the extent of the influence of the two Maqamat writers, i.e. Hariri and Hamadhani, from the other. The results of the research show that the mosque and Al-Murbad played an important role in the artistic prose of the shrines, and by balancing these two shrines, it is possible to study the different views of Hamadhani and Hariri.

Rice breeding with genetic background of Iranian cultivars provides an opportunity to improve these cultivars that have high adaptability to the environment and favorable marketability. Therefore, seven promising lines, orginiated from cross combinations of Iranian and exotic rice genotypes, along with two check varieties including Tarom-Mahali and Shiroudi were evaluated in four experimental fields in Mazandaran provinces located in east zone (Behshahr), centre (Babol), west (Tonekabon) and Rice Research Instutute (Amol) in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates during 2016-2017 (totally eight environments). Results of simple variance analysis showed that there were significant differences between genotypes for number of days to 50% of flowering, plant height, number of fertile tillers and grain yield. Combined analysis variance indicated that the effect of genotype and interaction effects of year and location and also year and location and genotype on grain yield were siginificant. G5 genotype had the highest yield in all environments and G1 genotype was in the second place in terms of yield. Stability analysis through AMMI method indicated that rice promising line G5 (DAH, originated from cross between Dasht and Ahlami-tarom) showed high of grain yield (5888.7 Kg/ha in average) and performed stable situation over environments, G1 genotype (AHS, a cross between Ahlami-tarom and Sepidroud) with 5312.1 Kg grain yield /ha in average, showed moderate stability in most of the environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Circular business models are a good solution to the problems of current linear business models that cause excessive waste generation and resource scarcity. They also provide a good opportunity for businesses to gain a competitive advantage, obtain economic benefits and reduce environmental damage. To implement circular economy strategies at the business level and create a framework for better design of circular business models, the purpose of this paper is to propose a framework for identifying and classifying circular business model patterns that align with circular economy strategies. Methodology In this research, a qualitative method was applied. Sandelowski and Barros 7-step meta-synthesis method was used to identify circular business models and Nickerson taxonomy development method was used to classify circular business model patterns. Findings This study drew up a comprehensive list of 29 circular business model patterns including their name, definition, and example(s). It also proposed a comprehensive taxonomy framework for circular business model patterns based on the circular economy strategies. Under this framework, 11 dimensions for classifying 29 business model patterns were identified, including patterns for 1) dematerialization, 2) consumption efficiency, 3) circular supplies, 4) optimal production, 5) reverse and optimal logistics, 6) long-life products, 7) extending the products and parts life cycle, 8) extending materials life cycle, 9) extending resource life cycle, 10) actors of main activities in the circular value network, and 11) facilitators of activities in the circular value network. Conclusion First, the current research identified various types of circular business model patterns for the development of businesses based on a circular economy. Second, by creating a framework for classifying strategies and circular business models, it showed how to make strategies and circular business models attuned. The results of this study can help companies that intend to implement circular economy strategies in their business to identify and apply appropriate circular business models. It should be noted that the strategy of the circular value network and the patterns of the circular business model based on it, which indicate various methods of cooperation between the actors of the circular value network, were introduced for the first time in the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Leptin is an adipokine made by fat cells and plays a key role in proliferation, cell survival, migration and immune response. Several studies have suggested that individuals with high serum leptin concentrations would increase the risk of breast cancer. G -2548A polymorphism in the leptin gene is located in the promoter region and is associated with the change of leptin serum level. In this study, the association between G -2548A polymorphism in leptin gene and breast cancer susceptibility was investigated. Methods: This case-control study was done on 374 Iranian women. This study was performed from March 2013 to February 2013. Blood samples from 203 women with breast cancer and 171 age (±5)- matched healthy women were collected. Breast cancer patients were selected from Namazi Hospital in Shiraz city. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples. The G -2548A polymorphism of leptin gene was determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Data analysis was performed by SPSS version 18. Logistic regression analysis was used for association of breast cancer susceptibility and G -2548A polymorphism of leptin gene. Results: The A allele frequency was 60% in control group and 72% in breast cancer patients. There was a significant association between A allele in -2548 position of leptin gene and breast cancer susceptibility (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.3-2.4, P<0.001). In the recessive effect of the A allele (comparison between AA vs. AG+GG), AA genotype in - 2548 region of leptin promoter sequence was significantly increased the risk of breast cancer (OR=2.2, 95% CI: 1.5-3.4, P<0.001). Conclusion: It is concluded that A allele in the -2548 promoter region of leptin gene may act as a recessive allele and increase the breast cancer risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cesarean delivery is a surgical operation which is applied to prevent maternal and fetal complications. Cesarean delivery isn't without complication and has some complications such as infection. Postoperative infection includes; endometritis, wound infection and septic pelvic thrombophlebitis that depend to prophylactic antibiotics and surgical technique. The aim of this study was comparison of post operative infection after single dose and three doses of prophylactic antibiotic regimens. Material and Methods: This double blind randomized clinical trial was performed on all pregnant women referd to the Vali-Asr Hospital of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences and underwent cesarean delivery during one year from starting study. Participants subsequently were randomized into two groups: A (recieved single dose of prophylactic antibiotic) and B (recieved three doses of prophylactic antibiotic). Subjects were checked up for the clinical signs of infection during hospitalization and 10 days after discharge. The results were analyzed by SPSS Software Ver16 and Chi-Square Test. Results: During one year, 146 pregnant women with cesarean delivery entered 2 equal groups (A and B) which each group had 73 subjects. During hospitalization after cesarean delivery, 5(6.8%) patients of group A and 2(2.7%) patients of group B had fever. There was no significant correlation between the two groups. Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between single dose and three doses of prophylactic antibiotic regimens in groups A and B. Therefore, it seems thatthere is no need to use three doses of prophylactic antibiotic for cesarean delivery.Therfore, because of drug resistance and economic loss, single dose of prophylactic antibiotic is recommended for prevention of post cesarean infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is part of a broad spectrum of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases that can lead to cirrhosis. To date, there is no effective medical treatment for NASH. We aim to compare the effect of aerobic exercise in conjunction with diet to diet alone on the improvement of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in patients with NASH. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 23 NASH patients, ages 25-50 years, and randomly divided them into two groups, aerobic exercise plus diet (n=2) or diet alone (n=11). In this study, diet in both groups included 500 kilocalories of energy less than the estimated daily energy requirement. In addition to diet, the first group participated in aerobic exercises that consisted of walking, jogging and running, for a period of eight weeks, three days a week at a 55%-60% heart rate reserve. For all patients, we measured blood pressure, Waist Circumference, serum ALT, HDL, TG, FBS, insulin levels, and insulin resistance according to HOMA-IR at baseline and after eight weeks. We analyzed data with the paired and independent samples t-test, at a significance level of p <0.05. Results: Although, there was no significant difference noted in patients in the diet only group, HOMA-IR, Systolic Blood Pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure, FBS, ALT, and insulin levels significantly decreased in patients who underwent both diet and exercise. Serum TG levels and WC decreased significantly in both groups. In a comparison between the groups, there was a significant decrease observed in WC, FBS, and ALT. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise in conjunction with diet may be more effective than diet alone in the treatment of patients with NASH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Noise is one of the most harmful factors in the environment. It is also one of the harsh phenomenons in this century that people are exposed to. Exposure to noise higher than threshold limit value could cause some physical and mental disorders. High traffic flow due to recent increase in number of vehicles causes higher noise pollution. There are few studies regarding the evaluation of noise pollution in the environment in some Iranian cities. Thus, it is necessary to measure sound pressure level and other related parameters for noise pollution control. Identification of the effective factors on noise pollution is the best approach for promotion of individual, as well as, public health and safety. The aim of this study is to evaluate the noise level in the city of Sari. Materials and methods: There exist various methods for calculating the equivalent noise level regarding to noise measurement period. The most ordinary method is DL (day average sound level), that takes 15 hours of sampling (7 am- 10 pm), based on regulations that was approved by the National Environmental Protection Association in year 2003. This method was used for evaluation of noise level in this study. In the first stage, sampling locations were selected, followed by measuring sound levels at the height of one's hearing zone (1.6 m above the ground surface). A calibrated sound level meter (Model Cell-490, Casella CEL, England) was used for all measurements. The SPSS software V.15 was used to perform T-test analysis. Results: The results showed that the mean (SD) DL was 75.52± (4.41) dB. The minimum and maximum sound pressure levels during the sampling period were 47 dB and 121.5 dB respectively. Due to the measurement of various circumstances, some times, and also, sampling locations, measure sound pressure level was high. Conclusion: The mean sound level during the daytime period was higher than the national standard levels. Therefore, environmental noise control is the best approach for the prevention of noise related to adverse health effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Several studies have been carried out on re-cut and de-stained sections regarding prostate biopsies and cytologic specimens of squamous cell carcinoma. However, few studies on lung biopsy are done. Due to small size of lung biopsies and for the prevention of lung rebiopsy, in this study P63 staining intensity between re-cut and de-stained slides of patients, specimens with lung cancer is researched. Materials and methods: This cross section study was performed on 100 patient specimens with lung cancer. We compared p63 staining intensity between re-cut and de-stained sections in lung cancer through 2 month intervals, until the 10th. Month after lung biopsy by immuno-histochemistry methods. Chi-square test was used for comparing the differences and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Technical tissue fall in the slide was not seen. 93.93 % of SCC was stained by p63. None of small cell carcinoma was stained by p63. In the first 2 months, 53.34% of de-stained sections had similar staining intensity, compared with re-cut sections, and 46.66% were decreased in staining intensity and none of them were negative. During 2 to 10 months of storing, 38.98% of de-stained sections had similar staining intensity, 45 (77%) were decreased in staining intensity, while 15.25% were negative. Conclusion: With respect to results of this study and other studies, staining of p63 on re-cut and de-stained sections of lung cancer specimens in the first two months can be helpful. However, in the specimens which were stored for more than 2 months, we found no significant results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]