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Copyright of IUG Journal of Islamic Studies is the property of Islamic University of Gaza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of College of Education / Wasit is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research tackles one of the most prominent Palestinian scholars, Diya al - Din al - Maqdisi, 569– 643 AH. The research seeks to introduce Diya al - Din al - Maqdisi, as depicted in the statements and narrations of his students. These students, who are the greatest of scholars, possess value and importance among their peers. Therefore, it is important to accredit them and recognize their contributions. The research is divided into two parts. First part is an account of Diya al - Din al - Maqdisi’s life, including his name, lineage, birth, hometown, family, origins, knowledge, journeys, teachers, virtues, death, scientific position as well as his value among scholars and in writings. The second part discusses his most reputable students, demonstrating his influence on them and their testimonials. The conclusion includes the main results of research and a number of recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

this research will investigate the claims of some modern researchers aboutthe influence of Ibn Taymiyyah on Shatibi. Some modern researchers have raised a question thatShatibi was influenced by Ibn Taymiyyah, for itis noticeable when their books are compared thatthere is a similarity in both the topics covered and the way in which they were dealtwith. However, Shatibi does notmention the name of Ibn Taymiyyah in his available books, which raises two questions thatthis research will answer, firstly: has Shatibi benefited from the works of Ibn Taymiyyah, and quoted from them? Secondly, if those benefits and quotations were proven, whatare the reasons thatpushed Shatibi notto mention the name of Ibn Taymiyyah? This research is divided into three parts: the firstpart: introduction to both scholars, their birth, travels, and an outline of their intellectual character. The second part: a presentation and evaluation of modern researchers approaches who have questioned the influence of Ibn Taymiyyah over Shatibi. The third part: the search for reasons thatpushed Shatibi notto mention the name of Ibn Taymiyyah in his writings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Al-Frahids Arts is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rouya Turkiyyah is the property of Insight Turkey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the College Of Basic Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Kufa Legal & Political Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Childbirth is one of the important and most painful phenomena that mothers experience in their lifetime. Acupressure and Reflexology are complementary therapy approaches and techniques that are simple, easy, inexpensive, non-invasive and non-pharmacological methods of pain relief. The aim of the research was to detrmine and compares the effect of acupressure at the SP6 point and reflexology on pain intensity and duration of first stage of labor Materials and Methods The present study was a randomized clinical trial. It was done on 92 pregnant women in the delivery room of Shahid Akbar Abadi Hospital. They were categorized into 35 women in the acupressure group, 35 in the reflexology group and in the third group 36 samples received routine care. The three groups were as same as each other in the point of view of demographic and obstetrical characteristics. The data gathering tools were included a demographic questionnaire and an examination checklist. In addition, the severity of pain was evaluated with the visual analogue scale (0 to 10cm). In all groups pregnant women were asked to evaluate the severity of pain experienced at the start of the study, before and after the first (dilatation 4-5) and second (dilatation 7-8) intervention. Results: Kruskal Wallis test has showed no significant difference for pain severity at the start of study and before the first intervention among these three groups, however, the statistical test has shown significance differences after the first intervention, before and after the second intervention among them. The intensity of pain has increased significantly in the routine care group (P= 0.001). Our finding has indicated that the average pain score in the acupressure group was lower than reflexology group, but the Mann-Whitney test has shown no significant differences. The pain intensity of labor before and after of intervention with the Wilcoxon test in both stages has indicated that there were no significant differences after intervention in comparison with before the intervention in acupressure and reflexology group. However, in the routine care group the intensity of pain has significantly increased (P=0. 001). Conclusion: This study showed that foot reflexology and acupressure at the SP6 pain are effective in reducing labor pain. Application of no pharmacologic pain reduction technique instead of the pharmacological methods to relieve labor pain recommends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Giving birth to a child is a critical stage in a woman's life. Second stage of labor is extraordinary painful that requires a lot of energy and the mother is highly involved with stress, anxiety, and fatigue. There is a controversy over suitable position during this stage, so this study was performed to compare the effects of different positions during the second stage of labor on mother's experiences regarding birth, pain, anxiety, and fatigue. Materials and methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 148 women referring to Taleghani Hospital in Arak during 2009 to 2010. The recruited cases were 37-42 weeks primiparous women with singletone pregnancy. They were randomly allocated for one of three groups including lithotomy position (n= 49), squatting position (n= 49), and kneeling position (n= 50). All participants were located in defined positions after completing dilatation and effacement. Then, mother's experiences regarding pain, anxiety, and fatigue were assessed. Social and demographic status questionnaire and obstetric profile form were completed for all participants. Results: The results showed no significant differences in the severity of pain, anxiety, and fatigue in admission time and the face of maximum slope (P> 0.05). Also, mothers' feeling towards birth, satisfaction with position, their interest in a particular position for next birth, and severity of pain at delivery were not significantly different among all groups (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Building a positive birth experience and satisfaction with delivery are amongst the puroises of any obstetrics team. The results of present study did not prove the efficacy of upright positions in women's experiences of birth. However, the freedom to adopt positions could positively influence mother's experiences during labor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]