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Misunderstanding the relationship between Islam and science often happens as a result of distorting meanings of important terms within their contexts. What kind of Islam? What category of science? These issues become important when we try to connect these two domains. This article probes into the epistemological dimensions of science with respect to Islamic perspective, looking at the ethics, societal and intellectual contributions made by Islamic scholars such as Avicenna (Ibn Sina), Al-Haytham and Al-Khwarizmi. It shows that Muslim scientists have achieved so much in earth sciences, medicine, mathematics and geometry; thereby making Islamic Intellectualism beautiful. To this end, this study adopts an exploratory survey design which is supported by content analysis. Thus, the research on Islamic Sciences will be reoriented in view of contemporary scientific discourse.

The present piece of writing discusses about the outstanding military tactics of Prophet Muhammad that are applicable to complexities of warfare in contemporary times. The prophet was not only a strategic genius but also tender-hearted military general who worked towards permanent peace. Besides winning many wars like Badr, Uhud and Khandaq due to good tactical thinking, he had understanding of human nature and life itself. This rapid adaptation time under dynamic circumstances, foreseeing the enemy’s tactics by a little insight and upliftment of soldiers through the idea justice as well as goals laid down by him is still relevant in present day military operations that were never religiously tolerant until they kill every single weak group’s member during which settling for peaceful coexistence has been defined over a long term. These principles are timeless in an intricate world with battles dominated patterns throughout its narrative history. they tell us that real battlefield leaders are not those who have great armies alone; they entail wisdom, moral principles plus everyone’s welfare. Through historical narratives this research aims at showing how today’s military leaders can derive inspiration from Prophet’s methods that lead them into victory as well as humanity.

The charter of human rights is a holy document and role model for the world. Article 3 of the UDHR reads that “right to life, liberty and security of a person” cannot be deprived without “due process of law.” Moreover, right to get free education, clean water, unpolluted environment and home are basic rights of human beings. Islam gives us a complete code of life and full explanation of which can be witnessed in the Holy Quran and Sunnah. Slogan of “liberty, equality and fraternity” paved the way for great French and U.S revolutions. First ten amendments of US constitution are known as “Bill of Rights” and all of them are basic rights of citizens. The story of rights began with the fall of man. Ancient thinkers and philosophers like Hobbes and Locke spent their lives for achievement of rights of mankind. 20th century is the period of independence of countries and emergence of human rights. Right to life is so important today that it has been guaranteed by almost all constitutions of the world including Pakistan. It is believed that the end of law is justice, and as such the very purpose of this article is to protect right to life of man. Main aim of this paper is, therefore, to highlight importance of this constitutional provision concerning “right to life”, seeking guidance from higher law, like the Holy Quran and Sunnah and other relevant cases law on “right to life”.

The Ahadith, narrations attributed to the Holy Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and his divine successors, serve as vital pillars of practice, shaping the faith and guiding the lives of millions worldwide. This exploration delves into the universe of Shia Ahadith, uncovering the significance of both timeless treasures and ever-evolving interpretations. The four historical Ahadith sources, such as Kitab al-Kafi, Man la Yaḥḍuruhual-Faqih, al-Tahdhib, and al-Istibṣarserve as foundational frameworks for legal rulings, ethical principles, and ritualistic practices. However, the journey does not end in the annals of the past; it also takes us into the vibrant present, where contemporary scholars engage in a dynamic manner with Ahadith, reinterpreting its wisdom and applying it to modern contexts. This exploration reveals the rich tapestry of Shia Islam, woven from threads of tradition and evolution, and underscores the crucial role Ahadith plays in providing timeless wisdom and a flexible framework for navigating the uncertainties of the present.

The climate change is one of the biggest problems that humanity is facing and there is a dearth of solutions in tackling this grave impediment to the long-term sustainability of our planet. Accountability, greenwashing, traceability, impact assessment and trading of carbon credits are unresolved issues in the ESG sector. The paper aims at identifying the opportunity for Islamic finance by reviewing the novel business model of DCarbonX, a Decentralized Application (DApp) that solves the enumerated problems using NFTs on the blockchain platform through smart contracts. The paper combined the inductive method and descriptive approach to describe the functional architecture of DCarbonX, while elaborating on its salient features and highlighting opportunity in sustainable finance for Islamic finance players. The paper encompasses a study on the applications of DApps in DeFi, Web 3.0 and ESG, among other areas and gives a comparative analysis of blockchain platforms for DApp development. The paper concluded that there is a harmony in the SDGs and the primary goals of Maqasid al-Shariah. The blockchain platforms can be utilized to develop DApps for solving the issues related ESG and climate change. The Islamic finance can seize the untapped opportunity in blockchain based solutions for climate change by launching the DApps in the domains of Capital Market (like green Sukuk), Embedded Finance, Takaful, NFTs, RegTech, and SupTech.

Imam Abu Bakar AL Jassas Al Razi is one of the Prominent exegetes and legal theorists who occupy a distinguished place among Hanafi jurists. He was born in 305 AH and remained a famous Hanafi Legal expert in Baghdad. He wrote a commentary on the Qur'an entitled Ahkam al-Qur'an (The Legal Rulings of the Qur'an) with emphasis on the verses having legal importance. This commentary deals with the deduction of juristic injunctions and rulings from the noble Qur’an in a systematic and methodical way. This research is basically a discussion on AL-Jassas's methodology of deduction of rulings from the Holy Quran with special reference to the principles of Islamic Jurisprudence he used in his commentary on the Quran. The research is a focused study of some important Qawaed Usooliyyah he has applied during his discussion on the various rulings he derives from the Quranic Verses. This study proceeds with an introduction and short biography of Imam Abubakar Al-Jassas followed by an explanation of the general methodology he adopted in His Tafseer. The second part of the study focuses on some important Qawaed Usooliyyah applied and discussed by the AL-Jassas. The last part of this study consists of the conclusion and findings of this article. The study found that Al-Jassas has discussed most of the Qawaed Usooliyyah either explicitly or explicitly and applied them in the process of deduction of rulings from the Holy Quran. He has also used some Qawaed Usooliyyah which he derives from the different verses of the Quran.

Ardhe-e-Quran (The Land and Nation in the Quran) is one of the major parts of Quranic studies which means the description of those lands or nations in the Quran which have been traveled and observed. The Shariah scholars of the Muslim world whether classical or contemporary have made these observations of “Ardhe-e-Quran”. In this regard, the scholars of India have also made a significant contribution. Travel of the pass-outs of Jamia Dar-ul-Uloom Haqqania to these places and cities is also a part of this series. Especially Maulana Sher Ali Shah has lived in Arab countries and then he has made a regular journey to these places mentioned in the Qur'an. He observed Qur'anic places from Baitullah to Baitul Muqaddas.His travelogues, especially regarding Syria, contain useful information. The land of Syria is the blessed land, here is Jerusalem, in which Allah Almighty has created spiritual and spiritual charm when Maulana Dr. Sher Ali Shah visited this blessed city. He toured the city and observed the Quranic places. Maulana Dr. Sher Ali Shah went on Hajj by land on foot in 1966. After receiving permission from the embassies of Iran, Jordan, and Iraq, he reached Haramain on his way. After entering Iraq on January 2, 1967, he arrived in Baghdad, stayed there, and toured historical sites, then went to Jerusalem and observed the holy places there. The golden impressions of this journey, the observations of the historical places and the details of Hajj he has written under the title of “Chand din Masjid Aqsa ki Fidhaon me (A few days in spiritual surroundings of Al-Aqsa Mosque)" and "In the luminous surroundings of the Harmain". In these journeys, He also observed the land of the Qur'an and the holy places, besides ancient libraries and Makhtootat. Maulana Dr. Saeed-ul-Haq Jadoon and Mufti Bakht Shaid have written a two-volume book on the life and services of Maulana Sher Ali Shah Madani entitled "Maulana Sher Ali Madani: Life and services”. In this book, Maulana Dr. Saeed-ul-Haq Jadoon has written a separate chapter on the “Observations and research on Ardh-e-Quran by Dr. Sher Ali Shah”. In which Maulana Sher Ali Shah Madani has given a detailed discussion on these observations. In this regard, the researcher has intended to enlighten his analytical study on the topic of Ardh-e-Quran.

Avian influenza, commonly called bird flu, is highly contagious and pandemic zoonosis of global importance, primarily affecting birds and other mammals, including humans. The present review is intended to highlight a report on the prevalence of avian influenza in humans and different bird species of Indonesia.The study is based on 27 scientific articles from 2004 to May 2021 in which the prevalence of avian influenza is determined mainly by the following molecular, virological, and serological tests: polymerase chain reaction (PCR), hemagglutination inhibition (HI), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and ®Rapid antigen detection test. A vast divergence in the prevalence of avian influenza was observed due to the diversity in sensitivity and specificity of the tests applied. The prevalence of avian influenza varies due to spatial and temporal factors, bird species, and breed differences. An average maximum prevalence (25%)) was found in poultry (domestic and commercial birds) as compared to ducks (20.13%) and other birds (10.66%). An average documented prevalence (16.3%) was found in humans. Birds sold in live bird markets showed maximum prevalence due to different geographical distribution. The already published studies dissection illustrates that avian influenza infects all types of birds and humans in Indonesia. A proper surveillance system, effective vaccination plan, and segregation and culling strategy regarding avian influenza-infected birds are desperately needed to eradicate avian influenza in Indonesia.

The history of slavery is very old. In which three types are very famous. Sell a freelance person, making slavery to a person resulting in a loss, and the prisoners arrested in the war were enslaved. Islam eliminated the first two types and the third case as an option left. On December 10th, 1948 UN passed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which includes the right to human rights with other rights. Any type of slavery was prohibited. In the light of this universal charter, objections to Islam's concept of slavery began to be raised. What is the validity of the objections in the light of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948 raised against the Islamic concept of slavery? the methodology adopted for this research is to examine the contents of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights from an Islamic point of view. In the same way, a true Islamic, rational and logical examination of the concept of slavery of Islam has been presented. There is also a wise law about slaves in the universal system that Islam has given to the world. Slavery in the name is left, otherwise, all their rights are in no way less than free human beings. In case of any kind of abuse, they could have approached the Islamic court and got justice.

The system of social, Moral, and Economic aspects of life and disciplinary training as contained in Seerat un Nabi (SAWW). The education and manners taught by the Holy Prophet (SAWW) caused the great social, political, and economic revolution in the world. His life is a perfect example of how to design the patterns of a successful individual as well as a collective life. This article aims to describe the perfect example of Seerat un Nabi (SAWW) and discuss how following the Seerat of Rassool Ullah can lead us to live a perfect life which can lead us to success not only in this world but in the hereafter also. This research describes the applied approach through the Economic, social, educational, and moral system of the Prophet’s biography. The findings are, that Islam concerned with all aspects of human life. Education plays an important role in society. Islamic moral and education is the soul of life. This article will further elaborate and lead us to live a perfect life which can lead us to success not only in this world but also in the life hereafter.

The structure of a sentence, in any language, reflects its essence and eloquence. As per the Arabic language’s grammar normally a verbal sentence can be formulated as starting from the verb, followed by subject and object. But sometimes for Rhetorical and stylistic purposes object is expunged from the sentence. In the present paper, the researcher investigated the various purposes of expunction of Objects, in the Quranic sentences in the light of Tafsir Abi Al-Saud. The author mentioned different purposes of expunction of objects in the Quranic verbal sentences. During the research it is found that such kind of expunction of the object has mostly occurred in Quranic sentences where seeking the help of Allah SWT is sought, His worship is mentioned, Turns toward Him, and trust in Him

Abstract In the reform and political efforts in the subcontinent, the name of the land of Hazara began to be taken seriously when Syed Ahmad Shaheed and his caravan turned towards it and got involved in a bloody battle at Balakot and martyred. Allama Anwar Shah Kashmiri also knelt before the high-ranking scholars of the Hazara, which is a testament to the scholarly influence of the local scholars here. Maulana Shafiq-ur-Rehman Hazarawi is one of the most respected scholars in the field of scientific and reforming services in Hazara region. He has rendered invaluable services in the field of religion, politics and reform, for a period of half a century, which need to be brought to the fore so that his services can transcend regional constraints and reach out to people from different regions. This article concludes that Qadianism failed to establish itself in the city of Abbottabad due to his efforts though he had to endure the hardships of imprisonment while facing the tribulation of Qadianism. Due to him, religious awareness was awakened in the public of Abbottabad and the people got an unexpected blessing in the form of Darul Iftaa for the Shariah solution of their problems in their city. Keywords: Reform, religious, services, Qadianism, darul ifta, Abbottabad, Hazara region

In jurisprudential terms, setting the price of goods by the government and ordering traders to sell goods at the same price is called pricing. According to iman Abu Hanifa, imam shafi, and imam Ahmad bin Hanbal, under normal circumstances. The government does not have the right to set the prices of goods. According to Iman Malik, it is permissible for the government to fix the prices of goods in the market to protect the people from harm. Hanfi jurists have allowed pricing with one condition. Such as when there is artificial inflation in the market due to collusion of traders or hoarding and price is being doubled. Then it is permissible for the government to fix prices in order to protect the public from harm. According to our research this opinion is preferred. Nowadays while stockpiling and commericial monopolies are common in the market, it is important for the government to set prices in the public interest and to protect them from harm.

The most completed, comprehensive and the moderate ideal are the Ahadees and the Seerat of the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) that are the source of deliverance for the whole people till Qyamah. There is no sphere of life, any part of society, individual and community problem that comes out way in which we don’t find his Ahadees Mubarkah as ideal. The nearest observance was got by Sahaba e kiram, Taabeen, Taba Tabeen, Muhddiseen one after the other. They not only learned by heart after hearing him and acted upon it but also tried their best to make reach his quotes, utterance, sayings and acts. The one of them is Allama Bahqi (r.a) that devoted his life for serving the Elm e Hades. He also founded a unique literary mood and tried to perform his obligation while claiming it his obligation to preach and to make the religion eminent. He was the man who left behind him small and large books about one hundred parts. One did not left such a huge treasure of knowledge before him.

To have children is one of the numerous blessing of Allah. Its value lies in the fact that the prophets have also aspired for children through invocation. The greatest divine policy behind this blessing is that Allah bestow someone with a son other with a daughter, some are blessed only with daughter, other with son yetis some are rendered childless, that is to have no children just because of the greatest divine power. under this paramount power some people are not blessed with of children. despite the worldly falsifies man is helpless and worried. A young married couple visit their doctor if they are not blessed with the valuable gift of children. They complaint against their ill -luck and ask other to pray on their behalf. When such people become extremely disappointed for haring no children are dander careless by their doctor. they become helpless and therefore seek for something to ensile them. They strive for the children and adopted other children, like that of sisters, brothers and other close relatives some time they offer their expenditures to keep the children of their close friends. They do so to make those children as their heirs under their protection. Sometime they try to get the children of the affected families. On some occasion, they visit the Edhi centers and welfare organization to deserve the heirless children to provide them proper maintenance. Such a child is called “Mutabanni and the person adopts it is called “Tabanni, in urdu it is called “بچہ گودلینا" The important point is about the legal status of such adopted child other related question about their heritage matrimony modesty and will making. It is research oriented subject. Therefore, such related issue is being discussed here for the convenience sake.

It is a reality in world history that human and religion are inseparable from the beginning of the world. In the beginning religion for all humans was only one. But with the growth of human generation, humanity diverged from religion. Then the creator of the universe sent his messengers to guide mankind to straight path. But sometime after the death of the messengers and their companions, the believers coming at that time replaced the teachings of God. And they adopted a new man-made religion. Thus the number of religious increased in the world, now there are many religions in the world, the large and most popular religious are Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Judaism, Buddhism and Sikhism. In the Aryan era, the Hindus were believers in one God, just like the like Muslims. Then gradually the number of Gods increased to millions, in this article we will compare the concept of God in Islam and Hinduism with the definition of both religions.

The imams (experts in Ahadith) and (critical) scholars of hadith sciences made great efforts in preserving the hadith. They collected the texts and chains (asnaad) and explained the conditions of the narrators in detail. They recorded for posterity not only the exact wording of the hadith but also took pains to elaborate on the differences of the narrators in the chains. They revealed the difference between narrators in the “Isnads” and the wording of the hadith. They collected the hadiths that were reasoned “Ahadees e Ma’alola” in private books and distinguished the correct from the defective, but they did not state the reasons for the Caused “Illat”. Most of the time, they did not show the presumptions of Weighting clues. Some of them accepted it (Siqa) sometimes for/as evidence, and returned/rejected on other occasions. This is the approach of the advanced scholars in the field; they neither accept nor reject it fully. However, a theoretical account of clues by which a scholar of hadith is to accept or reject the increase is not explicitly mentioned by forerunners in the tradition of hadith scholarship. Rather, these clues are implicit in their rulings on the hadiths and can be explained in detail by exploring the conditions o the narrators. Among these critics and imams of illal, Sheikh Al-Dari Qutni is well-known for his experience and understanding of the science (of illal). The researchers aim to highlight the reasons behind the acceptance or rejection, total or partial, of the increase. For this, the methodology of these rulings on the hadiths with increase confidence is analyzed in detail. This, in turn, will highlight the clues by which Al-Dari Qutni accepts siqa or rejects it.

The current research paper sheds the light on the very significant topic. The researcher has diligently studied the relevant material from various sources.Riaz Nadeem Niazi’s praise and Naat from the teachings with the spirit of truth, warmth of faith and a deep awareness of the purpose that gives perfection to his art of praise and Naat. And what a beautiful artistic use of the history of Islam. In his praise and Naat, along with the state of heart, language and speech, word-for-word sitting and dismissal, extensive study and modern consciousness are seen. Most of the subjects of Hamdia and Naat poetry are derived from Quranic verses which they have compiled and Naatiya poems with utmost austerity, sincerity and devotion. .He has described the Sira-e-Taiba, teachings, miracles, habits and qualities of the Divine Love and Servant of the Universe in a very clear manner in the light of the (احادیث مبارکہ) in his hymns and sermons; the (احادیثِ مبارکہ) are found with all their specialty, goodness and love with full intellectual and technical skill. In each of their collections, there is a system of (احادیثِ مبارکہ). And we have tried our best to make the Naats effective.

Orientalists' objections to the concept of jihad is a most popular debate among the researchers because it is being interlinked with the terrorism. This debate is in a strong relation with the concept of Jihad which is the most highlighted issue by the orientalists. Terrorism as it is a hot issue of our time and struggles by the orientalists’ groups to declare the word of Jihad as terrorism needs to explore this topic. This topic needs a multi sided study but this paper is limited to an analytical study of Orientalists' objections to the concept of jihad.

The study is conducted with a view to analyze the social problems of the Sikh community in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan in light of the Islamic Sharia. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa was reservation for various religions from ancient times and Sikh creed is one of them. Guru Nanak is its founder and its successor Ranjit Singh has ruled this province for some time i-e (1834-1849) but later on unable to maintain its kingdom and supremacy. The author has collected the major social problems from the social, political, business men and other influential people of various districts through face to face interviews and other print and electronic media. The study find these major problems: registration of marriage act, building of shamshanghaat, educational curriculum and minority seats in educational institutions, census problems, free celebration of cultural and religious festivals, pending of social and religious cases in courts and teasing of the children in schools by saying kafir kafir etc. The study concluded that, the Islamic Sharia allows them full social freedom under certain conditions and keeping in view the sentiments of the Muslims which is an important part of the Islamic history.

Atheism is a major topic of discussion in modern time. Critical study of Contemporary atheist literature is a bona-fide task for the emerging researchers for the decontamination of Muslim youth. On the basis of Rationality, Empiricism and critical thinking, brains are draining toward the realm of non-religions. Every person born on the nature of Islam but onward adopt the prevailing doctrines. In the past century an overwhelming critique has been put in academic field by the new atheists in favouring atheism in masquerading by science. Science has nothing to do with supernatural or metaphysical phenomena. Atheism is being attributed to modernity. Considering overwhelming scientific attacks by contemporary atheist, it is the need of the hour to tackle account seriously and use Islamic doctrine to cope the penetrating insurgency of atheist through in Islamic world. Stephen hawking (late) is a famous theoretical physicist and has imparted a valuable influential thoughts regarding origin of time, origin of universe and other hot cosmological and physical issues. Brief answers to the big questions are his last compilation. He argues that for interpretation of origin of Universe nothing has to be with personal God. Instead of attributing God, he attributes the laws of nature for the origin of universe. He argues that it was “time” that causes the universe to begin. He mixed up mythical accounts with the creation accounts as described by the revelation of different religions. In first chapter, he focused on the question: Is there a God? He deliberately asked the question and mentioned that science has the capacity to answer that very question. He argues that before creation of universe God does not have “time” to initiate or trigger and creation process and hence God does not exit. Hawking arguments regarding origin of Universe and existence of God has been critically analysed.

This paper explores the diverse social, cultural and scientific facets of coloning as an alternate means of human reproduction. We review the various types, and implications of coloning as practiced in the modern world, specifically as a means of child birth for infertile parents. We also present the Islamic injunctions and worldview on different types of cloning. We assert that although biological cloning can be an productive technological intervention to promote agriculture yield, however it’s application for human reproduction is inappropriate, and finds no support in Islamic injunctions. Therefore, our paper suggest that human cloning should be prohibited acknowledging its socioeconomic demerits.

Fathul Munhim is a great work in the area of Hadith Sciences and its Explanations which was initiated by a Renowned Scholar Allama Shabbir Ahmad Usmani. “Due to demise of the Author that was accomplished by a well-known scholar of this age. Mufti Muhammad Taqi Usmani, who is famous for his Contributions to Fiqh, Hadith, Islamic Banking & Finance, etc. his explanatory work in Hadith literature has been appreciated and acknowledged by great scholars. This article elaborates and analysis his different methods and styles in Hadith explanations regarding lexical and literal meaning of Hadith words, juristic opinions and arguments preferred opinions and arguments preferred opinions “Clarifications of ambiguities and his explanation of many modern & contemporary issues".

Hadith is the second source in Islamic Law. As from the Start MUHAMMAD (SAW) forbid the companion to write Hadith but after some time the Holy Prophet gives permission. From the Start of giving protection to Hadith or Quran basically, we are seeing two types of methods one is to memories and the second one is in written form. After Companion, their followers have spread to different locations. In these locations, Kufa played a Vitol role . Followers of this area were taking a keen interest in this subject. For this purpose they make all the necessary arrangements for example build Madrassa and wrote the Hadith according to the rules of narrating (riwaya) and deep comprehension (diraya) of Prophetic statements. In this Research article, we will describe shortly the editing services of the followers of center Kufa. How they have followed the rules and what are their efforts in this subject.

The main aim of this present study is to identify and detect the land use, land cover changes occurred in the Ambo Woreda of West Shewa Zone in Ethiopia and to integrate the Remote Sensing and GIS data for analyzing and evaluating the changes in land-use of study area. Based on remotely sensed data, the Land Use Land Cover (LULC) maps and field records have been considered for investigation. Landsat7 ETM+ image of 2000 and Sentinel 2A image of 2020 are the two remotely sensed images of study area used in this study. The supervised classification based on maximum likelihood classifier in ArcGIS 10.3 has been used to identify the five major categories of LULC. The observation on the period of twenty years reveals that the agricultural land and built-up areas have stretched rapidly to the adjacent fallow lands. Also, there is significant loss in Hilly Vegetation due to settlements and industrial expansion in the fastest growing region of the Oromia Zone.

The article aims to offer an analysis of the Prophet’s preaching conversation based upon selected Ahadith from Bukhari and Muslim in order to cipher his diverse roles as an orator, an imam a leader a husband a merchant, a head of state, a father a preacher, a teacher and in other capacities. This article especially includes Dawah reflections in the dialogues of Holy Prophet about Islam and its pillars of worship such as prayer, alms, fasting and others.

Islam is a complete code of life; consequently ,as it describes the particulars of worships with full detail ,similarly ,it also has a full package of principles in social ,economic, individual and collective matters and the this comprehensiveness is the distinction of Islam . So, in daily life, if one claims his right over someone, and the other denies it, Islam has a full guidance regarding this matter, which is called "Claim" in Islamic Law. In this article, full account has been given about claim, conditions for the accuracy of claim, Islamic method to prove one,s claim and also Oath in the perspective of Islamic teachings.

War and atrocities are not new to this world, Islamic law and IHL both have addressed this subject and have described the principle of warfare such as that the belligerents must minimize incidental harm to civilians and civilian objects including religious site, and that this limits the means and methods that they can use. Islamic law which comprises of sharia and fiqh discusses this subject but it is not codified. Islamic law has not yet been acknowledged when it comes to IHL -even article 38 recognizes general principles of nation as a source. Islam is the second largest religion in the world which mirrors the modern framework of IHL and is complementary to that regime.

The survival of any country and state is conditional on the prosperity of its subjects, peace and tranquility, and the elimination of internal and external anarchy. If a country’s internal system suffers from disnity, if there is no balance of relations the between people and the authorities, it will not take long for this state of decline. That is why Islamic law has given such clear rules to the rulers and subjects that by following them any country can achieve prosperity. These principles and guidelines of Islamic law have been taken from the hadiths of the prophet ﷺ. The principles and teachings given by the Prophet (ﷺ) in this regard are of three kinds.Teachings that are shared between the authorities and the subjects, such as piety and piety, enjoining good and forbidding evil, self-accountability and subordination، And these are the foundations for the betterment of individual and collective life۔ Teachings that relate only to the authorities include a sense of responsibility, self-accountability and transparent accountability of subordinates, leniency towards subjects, enforcement of God's commandments, protection of national treasury, protection on internal and external fronts of the state, competence. It is important to give positions on the basis, protect the fundamental rights of the people and establish justice. Practicing them increases the respect of the authorities in the eyes of the subjects, makes the subjects happy and keeps them away from chaos and disorder and she volunteered voluntarily to assist the authorities in every possible way. Teaching is for the subjects and that is that all the members of the subjects should cooperate with the authorities in good deeds, avoid all kinds of rebellion and rebellion and the subjects should be related to brotherhood, love and selflessness. It sits in the hearts and because of this it is safe from all kinds of atrocities, it cannot be a tool of external forces and riotous elements which creates a peaceful environment and a stable society.

The rapid advancements in today’s world necessitate to look into the underlying sources of Sharia laws in a manner that helps to find out solutions to our everyday matters raised in the modern world. In addition, it should also assist the nation to avail the privileges Islam has provided on the contemporary issues. It is seen that scholars refer to the Quran, Sunnah, Ijma and Qiyas, when they are asked about any modern issue. However, when two or more statements are found about any current world affair, then whose statement will be given preference? At times confusion is created on this matter. Due to this, some elements reject the jurisprudent source ‘Istihsan’ blaming Ulema e Ahnaf as ‘Ahle Raey’ – those whose develop their personal perceptions on Quran and Hadith. And sometimes they negate its legitimacy as the source of Sharia Law. It is true that cores in the Islamic law are limited. However, an extensive law of ‘Istihsan’ is there for their further elaborations, whose endorsement can be sought in the Quran, Sunnah and statements of Imams and Jurists. Hence, this article will deal with the legitimacy of Istihsan, its historical development and its status as a source of law. Moreover, the article will further present answers to the orientalists and Ulema in this concern. So that confusion of some mindsets regarding sources of law can be removed and rectified.

The blasphemy laws are the parts of Pakistan Penal Code which were set up by the British regime in 1860. These laws were aimed to safeguard the religious feelings of the followers of various beliefs. The laws encompassed all the religions who lived in the subcontinent. It is also said that the sections 295-B and 295-C which were introduced in 1980s are meant to shield only one religion and that is Islam. This research has critically examined the blasphemy laws of Pakistan and their impacts on the status of non-Muslims living in the country. The study has highlighted views of the adherents and the opponents of these laws. It gives a fact sheet of what has happened so far in the country in terms of the outcomes of these laws. The research includes a recent survey on issue related to blasphemy and it ends up with few recommendations.

Freedom of speech and personal freedom are the natural and constitutional rights of every citizen in any society. However, the interpretation of these rights varies from society to society according to their respective socio-cultural, politico-constitutional principles, and religious teachings. Human beings are confronted with paradox of blasphemy and freedom of speech. The misinterpretation of blasphemy and right to freedom of expression of opinion has created great stir in the circles of scholars at different periods and also resulted in the persecution of prominent scholars and other people. This paper highlights the status of freedom of speech, and its critical evaluation in Islamic Law so as to understand its concept of blasphemy, its teachings on freedom of speech, and on personal security.

Accountability has a very significant role in Islamic law. The process of accountability is very important for the amelioration of the state, society, family, and individual in the world. Some orders are issued for rectification and some matters are ordered to be avoided. The execution of these prohibited acts leads to accountability in society. Furthermore, many people are given powers to carry out the affairs of the state, the misuse of which can lead to great catastrophe. Hence, it is very critical to hold accountable those who hold these positions from time to time. One of these influential positions is that of the judiciary to which the Islamic concept of accountability is very substantial. Now the question is, what is the concept of accountability in Islam? And what was the exercise of accountability of the judiciary in the Qur'an and Hadith and Islamic history? This matter will be discussed in this manuscript. This research will refer to the introduction of accountability using authoritative citations to illustrate the Islamic concept of accountability, its sources, and strategies. How did accountability apply to the judiciary in Islamic history? Specimens are also included in this study and will be discussed. The importance of this research and its results will be disclosed in the conclusion. We will know that Islamic law has comprehensive laws of accountability, and how this sector has been kept on the right track by applying the law of accountability to the judiciary in the past.

Dr.Mahmood Ahmad Ghazi (1950-2010) was a great scholar of the modern era. His scholarly work has been published in various Islamic fields. His special area of interest was Islamic Jurisprudence, Objectives of Shariah and Islamic International Law, but his contribution in Seerah studies was also recognized in academic circles for his multidimensional and critical approaches and work, scattered in various books,lectures,papers,review notes and prefaces of literary books.Most of his important work was produced by his well-known lectures”Muhazarat-i-seerat”. His research includes Prophetic Hijrah, Seerah evolution and Seerah writers, Orientalists contributions and its criticism, Muslim Response to orientalisam, Fiqh Us Seerah, Seerah writings in Sub- Continent and contemporey trends in Seerah.This article eloborates his Seerah Contribution by analyzing his work and highlighting its nevelity.

This research has carried out to elaborate a comparative study regarding the permissibility of women witnesses in the original sources of the captioned Divine Religions, its authenticity, and use in various transactions. Judiciary is the milestone of peace alive in society while the witness is the backbone of every judicial system. Without witnesses never justice could be done nor can any right be proved or protected in the court of law. This article has defined evidence, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam respectively. Then permissibility, strength, originality, and qualifications of women witnesses in the original texts of these religions thoroughly. In the end the status of witness in those matters which are related to them comparatively. The social and legal status of women in cited religions is admissible but still, some critics mistrust that either her evidence is half to men or they have less status, low or no value regarding evidence in the court of law. So it is an esteem need of the day to understand the permissibility of the women's witnesses in the light of original texts and to avoid misdeems over it. What would be the weightage of her witness in various transactions related to them? Inductive and qualitative methods have been adopted. Access to original sources of the three religions has been acquired, data collected, scrutinized, elaborated and trinal compared. The women's witness plays a pivotal role in all evidential proceedings. It is unanimously admissible in women-related matters. It has been proved from original sources of trinal religion like Torah, Gospel, and the Holy Quran. A witness is a person who testifies what he has seen of a matter or an event.

The ultimate objectives of shariah have been indicated (stated) in numerous verses of the Holy Quran and in the sacred traditions of Holy profit (SAWS) and a set of reforms have been highlighted for enforcement as a purpose of divine commands. Brillscholars and stalwarts of Islamic sciences like Imam Ghazali, Allama Azzedine bin Abdus salam Allama ibn e Qayyum, Allama Shatbi, and imam Shah Wali Ullah R.A have rendered their valuable services in the above-mentioned domain. This article is an introductory study of that knowledge and in the article significance and essentiality of the purposes of shariah have been explained after detailed interpretations of these purposes. Opinions of ancient and modern experts of the concerned field of knowledge have also been incorporated. Finally, various types of objectives of shariah have been debated.

Disputes are referred to arbiter/judges for settlement and Determination of rights. Similarly the compensations and penalties in penalty and punishment are also determined through lawsuit, and no one can claim his right without referring the judge. The importance of lawsuit is mandatory for judgment i.e. the judge should settle the dispute only when claim or lawsuit is filled by the parties. One sided judgments or judgments in absentia of a party is incorrect in Islam. Because judgments are based on arguments which depends on, Witness confessions and denials. These are not found in judgments in absentia. But as per Islamic jurists some legal exceptions are that if the absent witness presents himself later, then the earlier judgment will be cancelled.

Allah Almighty has made the life of the world in the Universe perishable. Therefore, he has also made the lives of human beings, animals, birds and insects living on the earth eternal. For the end of their lives, Allah Almighty has made different causes according to his Sunnah. Among these causes of the decline of worldly life are also diseases. On the other hand Allah Almighty has also created means to take life to the appointed time. Among these causes are medicines which can be used to prolong the life of this world till the appointed time. Therefore, along with diseases, Allah Almighty has also revealed to human beings various methods of treatment for diseases. One of these methods is the treatment of colors. Different colors have different effects on human life. The proof of this is stated in the Holy Quran “The Said! Ask Allah to tell us what color it is. Musa Said! My Allah says: let its color be deep yellow, that it may please the beholders.” Since man is naturally endowed with beauty, Allah Almighty has adorned the universe with colors. This blessing is also mentioned in various places in the Holy Qur’an, as the Almighty says: “Do they not look at the sky above them, how we have made it and adorned it, and there is no crack in it?” “On top of these Paradises will be green garments of cherubim and silk rings and they will be adorned with silver bracelets”. The importance of colors has been mentioned in the Holy Quran. Keeping in view the importance of colors, Azimi Sahib has described the treatment of colors as a natural means of treatment. He has written “Treatment” “Color therapy” and “Theory of Color and Lights”. According to him, due to the excess and deficiency of colors, the human body suffers from various diseases. And if the deficiency and excess of the desired color in the body is corrected, the disease can be got rid of. Sunlight and rays help to eliminate abuse. Describing the mental properties of red, he has called it the color of courage and love. When things go awry and expectations are dashed, red dominates the mental center. The red color in the center of the red is an indication of abnormal emotional attachment or emotional trauma. People in the red color are in moderation, they help others and use all their abilities in their favorite hobbies.

Maulana Sami Ul Haq of Akora Khattak (Nowshera, Pakistan ) was a great shariah scholar. He was also the leader of a religious political party. He was one of the famous Muhaddithun ( experts in traditions) of the sub-continent. He became the vice chancellor of Haqqania University after the demise of his father, Hadhrat Maulana Abdul Haq. Maulana Sami Ul Haq has served the teachings of Quran and has a rich contribution in the commentary of Quran. He is considered as the last spokesman of the mission of Shah Wali Ullah Muhaddith Dehlvi, Hadhrat Maulana Obaid Ullah Sindhi, and Hadhrat Maulana Imam Ahmad Lahori. He also considered as the last representative of the methodology and interpretation of Quranic Sciences of these well-known Shariah Scholars of the sub-continent. Shaykh Ul Hadith Hadhrat Maulana Sami Ul Haq has done excellent work in absorbing, preserving and disseminating the Quranic commentary of Ahmad Lahori. The fruitful and thorough efforts that were once the hallmark of Imam Lahori had then fully adapted by Maulana Sami Ul Haq and had become the part of his life. This qualitative research explores that Maulana Sami Ul Haq was a follower and excellent representative of the Quranic commentary of Imam Lahori. This study also analyzes that how Maulana Sami Ul Haq had incorporated the methodology and commentary of Imam Lahori in his lectures about Quranic Sciences.

Static view of religion is a cause of concern in all religious communities because it not only gnaws at their dynamism, more often it tends to swing history back to the old life patterns which have lost their validity and moral force. On the other hand history moves forward and seeks its direction intuitively. So, traditional view of religion collides with the forces of history in futile effort to cease the torrential stream of time. Resultantly, time or history crush them or throw them in the yokes of slavery of others who entertain ever fresh and dynamic view of history and religion. Same went with Islam. With an advent of modernity after European renaissance when Europe collided horns with Islam, once all the Muslim world submerged in European colonialism.it forced Muslim intelligentsia on serious soul search and brought forth three schools of thought the traditionalist who strictly cling to tradition even if it had relevance to the emerging realities of history or not; the revivalists who seek assuage in pristine Islam and turn the tide of history back while modernists sensing new realities harness materieux of history for moral cause and go hand in hand with history. Modernity is also a departure from mythos to the rationale so the most crucial question of todays’ scholarship is whether Islam and modernity are compatible or poles apart in context of history.

The role of the Hazara Division's religious figures in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan has always been prominent. There have been many religious personalities who have been given expertise in the field of religion, science, politics and society by Allah Almighty. And these scholars have devoted their entire lives to the dissemination of the Qur'an, Hadith, jurisprudence and religious services and thousands of people have benefited from their religious and scholarly services. Teachers from Jamiya Anwar ul Islam Abbottabad, a popular city in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Hazara Division), have been instrumental in this. These include Khatib Hazara Maulana Shafiq-ur-Rehman Qureshi (may Allah have mercy on him) and founder Anwar-ul-Salam Kihal Abbottabad who have dedicated their lives to the promotion of religious and scholarly services. Khatib Hazara Maulana Shafiq-ur-Rehman Qureshi (Rh) for teaching, writing, politics, mysticism, preaching, and the real purpose of religious and scientific service. It is a matter of course that the religious and scholarly services of the Khatib Hazara Maulana Shafiqul Rehman Qureshi (Rh) on the land of Hazara are incomparable. Therefore, this subject has been chosen keeping in view the religious and scholarly services of him (Rh). So that the people can be introduced to his services, the details of which will be given in this article.

Allah Almighty Created human beings with a lot of qualities. Sometimes when these qualities appear in someone he Perform such action which make history. How much qualities has bestowed upon Prophet Muhammad (SAW) by Allah is beyond of human intellect. Biographers mentioned every aspect of life in the book of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) seerah (Biography). Even his personal life is presented in books of seerah. With this there are differences among religious scholar that on what day of Rabi ul awal Prophet Muhammad (SAW) was born in the wp coming article we will discuss different views about the date of birth of Prophet Muhammad (SAW). Then in the of religious scholar we will Sealed the pre pondering view

Temporal Structure is an essential element of the narrative works as well as a component of narratives. It has become a prominent issue in literary criticism in 20th century. Because time structure plays an enormously important role in the construction of story/novel, the other elements of the novel/story cannot be viewed without temporal space. It is temporal space/structure on which the events of the story are based and rhythm, flow and continuity of the story can be maintained by temporal space. Events cannot exist out of the temporal structure of the story. This study deals with the temporal structure and its role in the novel “Killer of Hamza” by Najeeb Gillani and attempts to reveal the method of constructing time in the novel by standing on temporal order and temporal paradoxes both types of retrieval and anticipation, as well as the structure of the rhythm of time such as the technique of speeding narration with its movements (The dialogue scene, the descriptive position) and the frequency of the three types (solitary, repetitive, author). In addition, the study concludes the discussion based on the findings.

The sub-continent has been the hub of Muslim civilization and culture for centuries. Its impact may still be seen on today's civilization. The distinct Islamic arts especially of the Mughal dynasty ruled for more than three hundred years from Babur to Alamgir. The policies of the Mughal Empire have remained the same in almost every era. Gardens, architecture, madrassas, mosques, trade, archery, literature, music, painting and other arts have reached such heights and perfection that the world still appreciates them. Following in the footsteps of his forefathers, Jahangir played an important role in the Indian civilization and fine arts, his literary taste was exemplary. The purpose of this article is to review the work on fine arts in the time of Jahangir.

This article analyzes methodology of an Orientalist, G. H. A Juynboll in Hadīth. He is one of those western scholars who has focused on the second primary source of Islamic Law and has developed skeptical theories related to its authenticity and provenance. He relied on early scholars' theories in this discipline and supported their thesis with a bulk of arguments from the early Classical Islamic Sources. A follow-up of his methodology reveals some scientific methodological errors in his studies on Hadīth that led him to a false conclusion. This study discusses the loopholes in his methodology and supports every point with illustrative examples from his works, revealing that Juynboll followed a selective method in his studies and reached his desired/concocted conclusion.

Unilocular Cystic Echinococcosis (CE), in livestock is caused by the larval cystic stage of Echinococcus granulosus. Hydatid cysts in domestic animals lead to protein and economic losses, because of the condemnation of slaughtered animals infected viscera as well as reducing the quality and quantity of the livestock other productions such as milk, wool and meat. In Libya, hydatid disease infects a wide range of domestic animals (sheep, goats, cattle and camels) act as intermediate hosts E. granulosus. Prevalence of cystic hydatidosis based on available abattoirs data in livestock is hyper endemic in Libya and infection rates in all domestic slaughtered animals reached almost 50%. Many abattoir investigations in Libya have revealed that hydatid cyst is a disease, which infect a wide range of animal species with variable rates of infection, for example, sheep (1.6 to 40%), goats (5.6 to 70%), cattle (2.7 to 56%) and camels (2.7 to 48%) in different cities of Libya. Population of stray dogs and its worm burden infection of E. granulosus, socio-economic development, socio- economic agricultural practices, common traditional animal husbandry practices and the practices of slaughtering of domesticated animals continued the transmission of cystic hydatidosis in the various cities of Libya. Importance of echinococcosis given on human health and domestic animals industry, it is necessary to implement monitoring and control measures in this regard in Libya. This requires public health education and awareness about the dangers of the disease and its transmission and preventive routes, education on the appropriate ways of washing and disinfecting of vegetables and fruits, education on the correct ways of animal slaughtering, prevention on feeding dogs by viscera of home-slaughtered animals, prevention on direct contact by dogs faeces, enforce legislation on meat inspection and improve veterinary services in both government as well as private abattoirs in Libya.

Islam is a peaceful religion, that teaches love, honesty, and brotherhood to all humanity. Propagation of Islam by useful means calls Da'wah and it is one of the most favorite strategies of the Holy Prophet (SAW), for the propagation of Islam, He used various methods and won the hearts and minds of people. His Madni life is a golden era of His life, in which He applied new and good strategies, and with a short span of time conquest of Makah made possible and light of Islam was spread all over the World. The current research paper shares valuable knowledge about the Prophetic Madni Da’wah strategies and also highlights the importance of Jihad in day-to-day life with appropriate examples. The current research work is qualitative and descriptive in nature-based upon both primary and secondary sources e.g. Quran Pak, Ahadith-e-Nabvi, Tafaseer, books, and published research papers in various journals. The paper also aims to discuss the need and importance of Prophetic Da’wah strategies in our life. The study mainly focuses on the Da'wah strategies of the Holy Prophet which need to be addressed and should be implemented in the 21st century. Furthermore, the life of the Holy Prophet is a great source of learning, so His Da'wah techniques must be learned and adopted because the preaching of Islam is a duty of all Muslim men and women. This paper provides immense knowledge about Prophetic Madni Da'wah techniques which are fruitful examples for all mankind.

This research is to explore causes and preventions of different hatred based crimes in the light of Khutba Hajja tul Wida and the Universal Charter of the United Nations for human rights. The farewell sermon of the Holy Prophet at Arafat was during His last hajj (Pilgrimage) entitled as “Khutba Hajja-tul-Wida”. This address was full of advices and instructions not only for the audiences but for the whole humanity. This address is the first comprehensive charter of internationalization in the history of the human. Some of the crimes and their causes like injustice, racism, favoritism, caste and family differences, revenge, rebellion, interest based economy, corruption, killing, terrorism are common in all the countries of the world. This study elaborates that these crimes is the consequences of imbalance in rights and responsibilities. All of us want to acquire our rights but very few people are willing to fulfil their responsibility and duty. The voice and slogans for human rights are raised everywhere around the world but almost these people violate the laws enacted for human rights themselves. Charter of United Nations also stress on the fulfilment of the human rights but till now it could not control the violence, human right violations, terrorism, killing and other crimes all over the world. Therefore all the laws for a crime-free world should be made in the light of Khutba Hajja-tul-Wida to avoid all types of flaw. As we know that all the sayings of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) are revealed by Allah Subhana’hu wa’tala.

Human Beings are the superior creature of Allah (Almighty) and humans attained this superiority because of some qualities. Firstly Allah made Human Beings responsible of their all deeds. Secondly Allah created human beings in best body structure and lastly Allah sent humans as his representatives in this world. Allah made pairs for every creature of this world and Human Beings are also made in couple i.e. Man and Woman. Allah (Almighty) assigned responsibilities to both the genders according to their natural physics as one is not capable of what other can do. Any change in these fundamental features of humans will result is disorder and chaos in human societies. In this research Change of Sex has been discussed in the light of Islamic Sharia and its consequences in the Human Society that a Human Being who has been living in the Society as man and if his sex is changed into woman then what kind of effects could occur in the Society, and a Human Being who was living in the society as woman and her sex is changed into man then what kind of consequences could occur in the society.

The Irhaasaat & Mubashirat signs of prophecy are those extraordinary and surprising events that have appeared before the birth of the Holy Prophet (صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم) until the time of prophethood. The main purpose of those signs was to indicate the birth of Holy Prophet(صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم).Those "Irhaasaat" are the predictions of the priests or monks of 'Ahl e kitaab,the events happened in Arab like the incident of As’haab e feel those happened with Prophet Muhammad(صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم),and the dreams of Holy Prophet(صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم).These events are described circumstantially in the books of 'Seerat' and history. Every biographer discusses and explains merits of those events in his own style and reference to the context. For example, out of the three books under study, Al-Rawd Ul-Unf gives a brief description of the text, different narrations, interpretation of difficult words and explanation of ambiguity.Ibn Hisham discusses the previous topic in detail to explain the new event to make it semantically understandable.Imam Zahabi cares most about the authenticity of the "rivayah",briefly discusses the incidents and only gives importance to the events related directly to Holy Prophet صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم).Since Allama Suyuti adopted the style of describing miracles and signs of Prophethood in Al-Khasais Ul-Kubra,so we can easily find the Irhaasaat of life of Prophet (صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم) and events before his birth related to the context of our subject