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The interest of the Circassian Mamluk state required it to impose its hegemony over the Hijaz in general and Mecca in particular for two reasons: the first was religious for the leadership of the Islamic world at that time, and the second was economic, to control the economic capabilities of the Hijaz after the emergence of the port of Jeddah in the year (827 AH/1424 AD) and the balance of power in the Islamic world shifted after it lost The port of Aden, its economic status, and the shift of international trade in that year to the port of Jeddah, which served as the economic interface of Hejaz due to the arbitrary policy pursued by the Rasulid sultans In Yemen, against commercial boats coming from India and other countries. Therefore, we notice the interest of the Circassian Mamluks in Mecca and the attempt to stir up strife among its princes in order to weaken them and control the reins of government there by appointing whomever they see as more loyal to them. The study attempted to reveal the reasons that led to that policy. Which was adopted by the Circassian Mamluks in the Hijaz in general and Mecca in particular, and to give a clear picture of the conditions of Mecca internally and externally in that period The study showed the relationship between the nobles of Mecca and its princes and the conflicts that were taking place between them, as well as the rebellions that took place in that period by some military leaders and relationship The tribes surrounding Mecca and the rebellion those tribes, as well as the relationship between them and the Circassian Mamluk sultans before the fall of their state [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of the College Of Basic Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Research Title: The Significance of Resilience and Refrainment in Structural Sentences in the Holy Qur’an in the Command and Prohibition Forms, a rhetorical study. Researcher name: Noura Mushabab Saeed Al-Qahtani. The main sections of the research: The research included an introduction and a preface, two chapters and a conclusion. The importance of the research: The importance of the research lies in the connection of the significance of repulsion and abstention in the constructive sentences in the two forms of command and prohibition in the Holy Qur’an, which is the pinnacle of eloquence and the pinnacle of statement and eloquence. Research Objectives: The research aimed to study the Qur'anic contexts related to the title Rhetorical Study to gain the honor of studies related to the Qur'anic aspect, to serve researchers and to enrich the scientific library with new scientific material. Study Approach: This research relied on the descriptive analytical approach, by collecting the verses of refusal and turning away in the two forms of command and prohibition, then describing aspects of their significance on the meaning of repulsion and turning away, then analyzing them in a rhetorical analysis that reveals their eloquence of meanings, statement, and wonderful. The most prominent results of the research: The abundance of the verses indicating resistance and abstention in the constructive sentences in the Holy Qur’an in the two forms of command and prohibition, whether in the concept, or in explicit words. The diversity of forms of refusal and abstention in one verse, so you find it a sign of heart repulsion, an indication of actual refusal, and a sign of verbal repulsion. The appearance of eloquent objection, appendix, and clear attention in the verses of rebellion, and the close connection between the verses of repulsion and refusal with the stories of the prophets, and the positions of their people towards their call. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The Mamluk era witnessed the emergence of a new political group of Mamluks known as the Mamluks, which are distinguished from the Mamluks known as the Mamluks, that their members are adult Mamluks, and their ways of arriving in Egypt differed from migrations from their countries of origin, because of the increasing demand for them, because of the increasing demand for them, Every new sultan was going to buy a number of these Mamluks to strengthen his nervousness and secure his throne, and not only the sultans, but the desire of the princes was present in order to strengthen their position in the Mamluk state.. The first beginnings of the appearance of the Mamluks date back to the reign of Sultan Peppers Al-Fazdari (658-676 Ah/1259-1277 AD), and specifically to 659 Ah /1260 AD, where a small group of them came to Egypt preparing By the dozens, and then they entered Egypt over the years in the ways mentioned, so the sultans began to enjoy them high positions until their influence increased and their power strengthened, so they controlled many of the joints of the Mamluk state, and many of the robes were rebelling against their authority and their princes and the senior statesmen instead of their attacks On the markets and the public of people by killing and looting in order to achieve their interests, which had the worst impact on the political life of the Mamluk state, where the reign of sultan of the Mamluk sultans was hardly without rebellions, sedition or conspiracies for them, including Sultan Qanswa al-Ghuri(9) 06-966 Ah /1501-1516 AD), where his reign witnessed many of these works, oblivious to the difficult situations suffered by the Mamluk state both internally on the one hand and the absence of the state treasury from money, as well as externally on the other hand represented by the Ottoman danger. Despite the absence of state offices and the loss suffered by the Mamluk forces and the killing of their Gori sultan in the battle of Marj Dabiq in the month of Rajab/922 Ah /1517 AD, and in these critical situations continued their misdeeds, they were the reason for the instability of the Mamluks, and therefore its collapse and the establishment of the Ottoman State by Sultan Salim I in 1923 Ah /1517. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Creativity features are related to each other, and this makes the poetic text intertwined from complex cognitive accumulations. From the above, this study goes beyond the issue of eliminating the purity of the genre, and it aimed at examining the relationship between poetry and philosophy. The study concluded that the text of the Algerian poet Izzedine Mihoubi "In the beginning was Oras" relates to the philosophical idea as the text of the rebellion against the power of bravery towards liberation from the Kogito principle "I think, I exist" to the principle of effectiveness "I do, I exist" in order toshow the focus tension in self and others "I think, they think for me" [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This sutdy attempts to uncover the masking phenomenon in modern Arabic poetry through three poems of the three most prominent Arab poets in the modern era: “Al- Bayyāti, Al-Sayyāb and Amal Donqol. Their poems are rich with the examples of veiling in various aspects such as the veil of rebellion, revolution, rejection and alienation, symbolism, and frustration. The study discivers that there is an overlapping among the different veils, symbols and myths and the relation with the types that they belong to as pointed out. The study also expands the concept of masking and its close relation with its author who regards it as a fortress form which he would embark to the real world. This would also prove that the naming itself shows the depth of the experiences of the three poets, their social and political apprehension. The study uses the descriptive and analytical methods to study the phenomenon and its manifestations in the three poems. The study concludes that there is a relationship between the veil and symbols; threre are also various types of veiling in Arabic modern poems and the domination of Al-Bayyāti in this aspect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the nature and significance of the economic aspect, which was the most significant spark for the start of many revolutions and upheavals that people saw, particularly in recent history. Consequently, the study clarifies the logical impacts of the economic factors in a local rebellion that Iraq experienced in the 1930s in a southern city that is tiny in size but has significant effects on the country overall political and social situations. The revolutionary movement is strong and well-known since it upended the state at the time. This revolutionary movement also benefited from popular, clan, and ideological backing as seen by its reliance on the endorsement of the local religious establishment in Najaf. The study was based on two axes: the first looked at the state of the economy and how it affected the involvement of Iraqi tribes in the political unrest of the 1930s; the second focused on the effects of the state of the economy and the clans' use of violent conflict with the government. The research used a range of sources to gather its historical data, foremost among them being the unpublished records, which are the documents of the Iraqi royal court, as well as academic theses, studies, and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of women in myths in terms of relationships with family members. In this study, the authors examine the influence of women in family conflicts in myths and epics based on the American school using a comparative-descriptive-analytical method. The results indicate that in Iranian mythology, especially in the conflict between Goshtasb and Isfandiar, women have a passive role, are not very noticeable, and are even overshadowed by men. This can be related to the rule of patriarchy in the Iranian culture, but in Greek and Roman myths, women have a significant role and in some ways either have a provocative role or are a deterrent and even become victims in the meantime. Jealousy, running away with the beloved, rebellion, and betrayal are the similarities of the narratives and the reduction of the mythological context, putting conditions for girl's suitors, hostage-taking, witchcraft, madness, lust and greed, self-sacrificing for the homeland, love for one's spouse, wisdom and right-seeking, and calling for calm are some of the differences between the narrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By studying the rebellion of Ali bin Muhammad in southern Iraq, we concluded the following: Ignorance, poverty and injustice are the most dangerous things that nations face, as they are like a dormant volcano waiting for the right opportunity to erupt to destroy everything.The Zanj in southern Iraq suffered miserable conditions of poverty, poverty, enslavement and an inferior view of society, all of which encouraged Ali bin Muhammad to exploit them to achieve his goals in reaching the hierarchy of power. The rebellion of the Zanj leader did not involve a clear program that would guarantee him survival and continuity, as he believed in the principles of the Azeri Kharijites, and this sparked the indignation of the free against him and not dealing with him, as he went out of religion by claiming prophethood and violating the divine attributes, as well as following a policy of revenge, not reform. And the social revolution, not the calendar, so killing, captivity, burning, looting and looting was a feature of this rebellion. The Abbasid Caliphate suffered great losses as a result of this rebellion, which lasted for fifteen years (255- 270 A.H.), which destroyed agricultural lands, disrupted trade, ruined cities, killed thousands, and imprisoned free women, and weakened the state, which encouraged separatist movements to overthrow the Abbasid Caliphate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal Dawat is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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This research studies the beauty of the Quranic Intertextuality in the collection of poems "She is My Nation, Insurgency in the Time of Humiliation" by the contemporary Palestinian poet Hussam Shiblak. The research tries to shed light on the rhetoric language of Intertextuality as a vivid form intertwine in the poet's poems and as a prominent advantage of his culture. Also, it sheds light on the language that enabled the poet to express his meanings, ideas, and inner thoughts with a deeper awareness and a wider space. Finally, the poet sought the new aspects of intertextuality that the poet used, and how proficient he is when using intertextuality in his poems through the following ways: - Intertextuality in the verses of the Holy Qur’an. - Intertextuality in the stories of the Holy Qur’an. - Intertextuality in the characters of the Holy Qur’an. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The novel tells the story of a group of children living in the same neighborhood and in the same school, sharing toys and family ties. As they are getting older, their intellectual and mental beliefs grow up. They suffer from injustice, abusiveness and marginalization of their rulers. They meet a teacher and they have an intimate relationship. He implants in them the love of the homeland and resistance to injustice. They join one of the resistance movements against the Ba'athist rule at that time The novel records different events in different places and different characters. The place is a group of alleys and neighborhoods of Amarah (i.e., a town in the southern Iraq) where the events of the novel take place. The movement of characters in different places leads to the transformation of some open spaces into a battlefield and become as if they are closed and lonely due to the change in the conditions of the characters from absurdity to commitment and their rebellion against the unjust authority and the revolution against it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel tells the story of a group of children living in the same neighborhood and in the same school, sharing toys and family ties. As they are getting older, their intellectual and mental beliefs grow up. They suffer from injustice, abusiveness and marginalization of their rulers. They meet a teacher and they have an intimate relationship. He implants in them the love of the homeland and resistance to injustice. They join one of the resistance movements against the Ba'athist rule at that time The novel records different events in different places and different characters. The place is a group of alleys and neighborhoods of Amarah (i.e., a town in the southern Iraq) where the events of the novel take place. The movement of characters in different places leads to the transformation of some open spaces into a battlefield and become as if they are closed and lonely due to the change in the conditions of the characters from absurdity to commitment and their rebellion against the unjust authority and the revolution against it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Al-Academy is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The narrative speech has been characterized in the story of (behind the Sun by five) , by it Technical processing and various thematic treatment issues of community and solutions. The speech has been used to discover the local situation and the parallel of it, through build the main character, distribute the passages, Structuring the story, redistribution of time, using description which chose women as a model, the narrative speech of this language calls to rebellion against reality and its problems. In this research puts solutions for the situations that the Muslim faced as difficulties that can’t fulfill as the religion has request him order or forbid either an individual or group, in any field of the fields of life, worshiping, creed, dealing or of the family Fiqh (jurisprudence) ,criminal or others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]