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Copyright of Jurisprudence Faculty Journal / Magallaẗ Kulliyyaẗ Al-fiqh is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The spread of the concept of human development in the Arab world has been limited to self-development and workshops, diminishing its broader scope. To address this, an analytical study was conducted in Lebanon, examining the background of trainees and its influence on their engagement with skill training centers. The objective was to evaluate equal opportunities and understand the centers' focus on specific groups. Findings indicated a higher inclination among females, but males also underwent extensive training. The primary age group for aspiring trainees was youth and early adulthood. Lebanese individuals exhibited greater interest compared to other nationalities, with a majority belonging to the Sunni sect, followed by Shia sect members. The centers attracted participants with a university education and average economic status, often from families with an average or above-average economic background. We concluded that these centers target specific social and economic classes or religious denominations over others. Some of them implement courses funded by international organizations, directed at specific age groups or demographics. In addition, the composition of these courses and their surrounding conditions prompt some entities over others to participate in them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences (2522-3380) is the property of Arab Journal of Sciences & Research Publishing (AJSRP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of University of Sharjah Journal for Humanities & Social Sciences is the property of University of Sharjah - Scientific Publishing Unit and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study investigates the nuanced relationship between institutional quality and human development in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. we examine the multifaceted elements shaping human development, with a particular emphasis on institutional quality. Utilizing a panel data approach within the Stata software, we rely on key indicators from the World Bank and Worldwide Governance Indicators covering 16 MENA countries from 1996 to 2017. By unraveling the impact of institutional quality on the Human Development Index, our analysis provides valuable insights into the complex interplay between institutional dynamics and the progress of human development in the MENA region.

As a result of the scientific and technological revolution, the digital economy has recently emerged as a new branch of economic sciences. In line with meeting people's and society's needs, the digital economy's development is dependent on digital education, which is the foundation for achieving true human development, beginning with the process of education and education, as they are critical factors for increasing the efficiency of human capital to achieve growth and development in various countries around the world.

The aim of the research is to clarify the concept. goals and characteristics of sustainable development. analyze the dimensions of sustainable development in Malaysia and know to what extent there has been an improvement in the dimensions of sustainable development in Malaysia. To derive a set of lessons learned. The descriptive and historical approach was also relied upon when dealing with the theoretical dimension of the research. The validity of the hypothesis showed the research in the economic and social dimension of sustainable development in Malaysia. and its lack of improvement in the environmental dimension. Therefore. the research recommended the necessity of giving utmost importance to the issue of restructuring education in all its stages. strengthening scientific research and development and stimulating innovation through national plans supported by regional and international agreements. and keeping pace with changes. The accelerating technology to accommodate the continuous developments in information and communication technology and the rest of human knowledge. and try to practice them in the field. and work to narrow the digital gap by working on the spread of the Internet and increasing the number of its users at their different levels. and increasing the number of Internet users. by making information technology tools available. and the need to increase attention to counting environmental sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences (2522-3380) is the property of Arab Journal of Sciences & Research Publishing (AJSRP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arts Magazine is the property of Thamar University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The reduction of urban green space and its importance makes it necessary to adopt comprehensive strategies. In addition to physical development, the main issue in this discussion is the category of human development, which means the participation of local people and their control over the development process. According to the survey conducted and according to the per capita green space obtained in the research, the per capita green space in Mehrabad district of Isfahan is 4.4 square meters, which is why it faces the challenge of lack of green space. The present study was conducted with the aim of measuring the desire for the quantitative and qualitative development of private green space in the Mehrabad neighborhood by using participatory planning and measuring the effects of this development on the lives of residents. Material and methods: To achieve this goal, first, dimensions, criteria, sub-criteria and indicators of participatory planning and private green space development were identified. Then, these indicators were set in a questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale, and this questionnaire was distributed among 30 residents of the Mehrabad neighborhood using Cochran's formula. After measuring validity and reliability, the questionnaire was distributed among 375 residents. Then, using SPSS software and a step-by-step regression model, an inferential analysis of criteria and indicators was done. Results and discussion: In the inferential analysis of criteria and indicators, two stepwise regression analyzes were performed. In order to analyze in step-by-step regression, a table was prepared under the title of average scores of dimensions of participatory planning, desire to develop private green space and dimensions of the effects of private green space development on the lives of neighborhood residents. A total of 61 indicators were considered. Because the data used in regression must be distance or relative, so the average of each dimension is considered. In the first step-by-step regression analysis, the effects of economic, social and cultural aspects of participatory planning on citizens' willingness to quantitatively and qualitatively develop private green spaces were examined. It can be said that among the dimensions of participatory planning, only the economic dimension is effective and the cultural and social dimensions are not effective on the neighborhood residents' desire to develop private green spaces. In the second analysis, stepwise regression was used. In this analysis, the desire for quantitative and qualitative development of private green space was considered as an independent variable, and each of the dimensions of the effects of private green space development were considered as a dependent variable. From the second analysis, it can be concluded that the quantitative and qualitative development of private green space has an impact on the physical, cultural and environmental dimensions of the residents of the neighborhood and does not affect the social and economic dimensions. Conclusion: The analysis of the obtained information shows that among the social, economic and cultural dimensions of participatory planning, residents have a social and cultural desire to develop private green spaces. Among these dimensions, the problem of the residents is in the economic dimension and lack of land and cost for green space. Also, the development of private green space does not have a favorable effect on the physical, environmental and cultural dimensions of the residents of the neighborhood, and does not have a favorable effect on the social and economic dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of El-Bahith is the property of University of Kasdi Merbah Ouargla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Adab Al-Basrah is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stable Economy Journal is the property of University of Sistan & Baluchestan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Idafat : Arab Journal of Sociology is the property of Centre for Arab Unity Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Iraqi Journal For Economic Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Economic Administrative & Legal Sciences is the property of Arab Journal of Sciences & Research Publishing (AJSRP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dirasat Tarbawiya is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of College of Law Journal for Legal & Political Sciences / Magallat Kulliyyat Al-Qanun Li-L-ulum Al-Qanuniyyat Wa-Al-Siyasiyyat is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ialam is the property of Arab Federation for Libraries & Information and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Amartya Sen's perspective, economic and human development and related concepts such as poverty and inequality must be understood as a process of expansion or restriction of capabilities. Thus, it would be more appropriate to perceive poverty as a deprivation or a lack of minimum capabilities, and inequality as an inequitable distribution of basic capabilities. Thinking as such, we guarantee that the poverty or inequality threshold will consider, not only the possession of income and goods, but also the opportunities offered to people to convert these goods into actual well-being and therefore to carry out their life projects as they wish. By transposing the analysis of the well-being of the income space to the space of functionings and capabilities, this paper attempts to provide some elements of answer to the following question: What renewal brings the capability approach to understanding certain created by economic growth such as poverty and inequality? Under which circumstances would economic growth be "capacitating"?

Education is a contemporary social science that has received a lot of attention. As education defines society, it is imperative to introspect the philosophy of education. Moreover, the current philosophy of education in conventional settings is confined to empiricism. Thus, the broader concepts of education such as spiritual transformation and character reformation seem to be non-existent. The lack of discussion-based pedagogies compounds the educational crisis. This article aims to explore human development models relevant to Islamic education as its purpose is, alongside enhancing academic prowess, to provide spiritual transformation that leads to Gods pleasure and good character. The inquiry uses a historical-textual methodology with a particular focus on psychological foundations of Islamic theory to answer its questions. It will aim to explore childhood developmental models briefly and the concept of self-reflection more specifically and how it can be applied in Islamic education. The key findings of the study illustrate the concept of the three types of Nafs and how self-reflection is integral in achieving transformation, a concept that is condoned in conventional educational practice. Muhāsibī’s Risālatul Mustarshidīn with Shaykh Abdul Fattāh Abū Ghudda’s footnotes is the primary text used to establish the broader purpose of education. A brief overview of Qushayrī’s Risālah and Ibn Qayyim’s Kitābul Rūh will be outlined. Moreover, multiple attributes of human development conform to the demands of contemporary psychology to achieve a healthy mental transformation.

Copyright of Strategy & Development Review is the property of Strategy & Development Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Bahith Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dirasat Tarbawiya is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Universitaire des Sciences Humaines et Sociales is the property of University of Kasdi Merbah Ouargla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

According to Human Development Report 2005, the quality index of Indonesian human resources showed the point 0.697 and reached the 110th levelfrom 177 observed countries. Compare with Vietnam. Indonesia is two level under it Vietnam reached 108th level with index 0.708. It means the role of country to develop people is still far from expectation. In this context, the role of all civil society pillars particularly university must be distinguished. Moreover, university faced big challenges after occuring economic, monetary and political crisis, and develop the social anomaly implied unsucces (failure) country.

The current study aimed to measure the total impact of tax policies on economic development in Bangladesh, in order to determine the most important tax policies stimulating economic development in that country. In addition to studying the tax structure (types of tax vessels) in Bangladesh and its impact on economic growth. This is to determine which tax vessels stimulate economic growth in Bangladesh. Consequently, this enables us to draw good financial and economic policies that stimulate economic growth by increasing tax revenue from tax incentives for growth, as opposed to reducing as much as possible from tax revenues coming from tax containers that discourage economic growth. During the period (2000-2018) . In achieving this, the study relied on theoretical analysis and graphical analysis, and on the standard method in time series analysis and long impact investigation using the Ordinary least squares method (OLS). The study found that the tax policies pursued in Bangladesh and the resultant tax revenues increase stimulate increased rates of economic development, whether at the output level or people, and government spending is the main transmission channel that works to transfer the positive impact of the tax policy on economic development. Whereas, the applied tax policy had an indirect negative impact on development by reducing savings. Also, the central government of Bangladesh must stimulate economic growth by setting tax policies that allow tax revenues to increase from the pool of income and profits in the first place, and to a lesser degree from international trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Global Journal of Economics & Business is the property of Refaad for Studies, Research & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Economic Administrative & Legal Sciences is the property of Arab Journal of Sciences & Research Publishing (AJSRP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Al-Frahids Arts is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al Bashaer Economic Journal is the property of Al Bashaer Economic Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of El-Bahith is the property of University of Kasdi Merbah Ouargla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Finance & Business Economies Review is the property of Finance & Business Economies Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to identify the level of human development for the individual, and to identify the correlations between the levels of human development for the individual and some of the independent variables studied field study was conducted in two areas in Ismailia Governorate, Egypt, the sample size was 386 individuals (176) in the east of the canal (Jalbana village)، (210) in the west of the canal (Abu Khalifa village) randomly took the size of the population in each region. The field data were collected by the questionnaire of the interviewed population during the period from November 2018 to March 2019. The results were used to analyze these data: numerical inventory tables, percentages, arithmetic average, alpha-Kronbach coefficient, self-validity coefficient, and Pearson's simple correlation coefficient. The most important results of the study were: (1) It was found that the individual level in human development in the study sample is average by (66.3%). The reliability (Alpha Kronbach) for these levels was 0.858, and the value of the validity coefficient was 0.907. Reliability and validity used in the study. The informal social participation was valued (0.146) For the individual, this means that the higher the number of family members, the degree of leadership and informal social participation for the individual, the higher the level of human development (economic، social، educational and health). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aims at examine the extent to achieve the desired objectives for the development of village and rural human development and the human element, which did not take adequate attention, especially in the aspect of improving the quality of life in spite of the expansion of services horizontally. There are also many evidence of the existence of a development gap between rural and urban areas, and the most important manifestations of this deficiency, illiteracy and poor health conditions, and the spread of unemployment and lack of employment opportunities. As it turns out there is a strong correlation between the human development index and all of the education manuals on GDP and guide health, has turnover of the link between the human development index and all of the evidence mentioned as 0.95, 0.84, 0.79 respectively, and All transactions have moral link at 1%. It is clear that the relationship between education and human development index, where the power that education guide associated HDI extrusive very strong link, followed by the gross domestic product guide, then the life expectancy index. It is clear from this that it must be focus on education and reform and to promote it in the countryside, The most important component of the human development index factors. found evidence also of statistical moral relationship regression to the influence of both the education and health guide and GDP on the Human Development Index, it has been possible to reach the relationship regression and showing moral influence exponential previous variables on the Human Development Index, a logical relationship also indicates coefficient of determination rate to be 98% of the changes in the value of the HDI due to change in the three sub-directories. It emerged from Manuitin test results for comparison to the values of the HDI revised each and Lower Egypt face and Total Republic that there is no significant difference between the Upper and sea at the moral level of 5%, as well as there was no significant difference between the Lower and Egypt on the same moral level, but that there significant difference between Upper Egypt and the moral level of 5%, which means that there is a difference between the normal human development index and revised between Upper Egypt and the total Republic.

There is a need for human development especially for the less privileged Muslims in the state due to financial constraints, unemployment, insufficient and inadequate financial support. The study discussed and analyzed the structured interviews conducted on factors influencing UniSZA’s staff cash waqf and its possible impact on the socio-economic development of Terengganu. The total number of 150 respondents participated in the first instrumental validation section where 150 questionnaires were distributed and collected. 150 questionnaires were distributed between February and June 2015 to the UniSZA’s staff such as lecturer, senior, and junior staff in the university. The instrument was divided into four sections. Firstly, the respondent’s profile, (15 items). Secondly, factors influencing UniSZA’s staff cash waqf contribution (15 items). Thirdly, promoting economic and human development (15 items). Fourthly, the importance to the society’s development (15 items). The content validity of the questionnaire would be evaluated by the researchers to improve the questionnaire. The participants were selected from lecturers, administrative staff, and students to discover the breadth and extent of the needs for UniZSA’s staff cash waqf contribution to the state. Waqf provides human relief, dignity, financial support, and social needs to reduce poverty in the society. The research is based on the hypothesis that UniSZA’s staff cash waqf can have a positive social and economic impact in Terengganu. The objective of this study is to examine the viability of a UniSZA staff cash waqf and how cash waqf can be utilized to develop Terengganu economically and socially for the interest of the needy Muslims in Terengganu. The study applies the quantitative and qualitative methods throughout the discussion and analysis. Human development includes the creation of employment, micro-finance, transaction, farming, soft loans, and other lawful lucrative businesses and investments. This survey provides evidence of a need for such a contribution for human and social development. The paper concludes by offering suggestions for the optimal use of this cash waqf fund.

Copyright of Dirassat in Humanities & Social Sciences is the property of Research & Development of Human Recourses Center (REMAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ma'alim Quran Sunnah is the property of Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

productivity agricultural laborer and its role in increasing agricultural productivity in a number of Arab countries (Egypt, Syria, Iraq, Tunisia, Yemen) model using standard are semi-logarithmic and logarithmic and double where it relied on the concepts of economic theory and previous studies on the assessment of the reality of human development and its impact on productivity of agricultural work, which was obtained data from the time series and each country individually they reflect a state of properties vary from state to state depending on the nature economic structures in dealing with the variables of human development and this study reached an important conclusions is that deterioration pension for farmers led to low productivity work agricultural and twice the estimated productivity among workers in the agricultural sector, which counted from one of the reasons lower farm income and led to lower rates of spending on investment in the areas of education and scientific research in the countries of the study sample to make the agricultural sector prisoner of traditional production methods with low productivity, so we recommend the need to reduce poverty rates and urged government institutions to secure the health centers in rural areas of developing countries and increase wage rates and real income of the farmers in order to encourage them to exercise their profession and focus on means of research and development because of its significant role in the improvement and development of plant production

Copyright of Dirasat: Educational Sciences is the property of University of Jordan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Global Journal of Economics & Business is the property of Refaad for Studies, Research & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Basic Education College Magazine For Educational & Humanities Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Finance & Business Economies Review is the property of Finance & Business Economies Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)