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The paper in hands attempts to explore the effectiveness of International Laws and policies as well as the roles of the United Nations in regulating the conflicts in the Middle East and their benefits for the people. The question the paper attempts to answer is whether such rules, resolutions, and policies are as objective as they are assumed to be. It does so by reviewing the interventions of the world superpowers on the one hand, and the UN on the other, in the conflicts prevailing in the Middle East. Such interventions, the paper postulates, were not as effective and objective as supposed to be. Instead, they were part of the problems and fueled the chaos in the Middle East. The resolutions made for the sake of peace, the attitudes towards the conflicts, the support lent to particular sides, the labels attributed to the events and groups and the efforts made to control the crises are motivated and politically, regionally and economically interested. Examples are taken from the Western attitudes towards the conflicting parties in Yemen, Syria, Libya, Tunisia, Egypt, The Gulf, Palestine, and Iraq. The Yemeni crisis is essential in this argument as it includes a broader circle of conflicting interests. The intervention of two of the wealthiest countries in the Middle East, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, from one side and Iran and Qatar from the other, has laid bare the real United Nations' loyalties. In between, the common peoples' hopes and aspirations of a good and peaceful life are crushed. The paper concludes that the laws and policies that are assumed to be meant for the welfare of the people regardless of their region, race or any other affiliations other than being humans, are compromised on several grounds. They, the examples have revealed, are rather tailored to serve some nations and political leaders than to maintain the well-being and dignity of the masses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marriage is one of the most important experiences in a person's life and major variables affect its quality. Because of this, this study was conducted to predict marital jealousy based on self-differentiation components and attachment styles. This is a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population of this study is all married people in 2nd and 5th districts of Tehran in 2020, and 200 of them (121 women and 79 men) were selected by available sampling method who completed the Multidimensional Scale of Marital Jealousy (Pfeiffer & Wong, 1989), Revised Adult Attachment Scale (Collins & Reid, 1990), and Self-Differentiation Questionnaire (Skowron & Friedlander, 1998). The data were analyzed by Pearson Correlation and Regression Analysis. The results of this study showed that Marital Jealousy has a negative relationship with Secure Attachment, and have a positive relationship with Avoidance and Anxiety Attachment. In Self-Differentiation levels, one's position was positively associated with Marital Jealousy, and three other dimensions, namely Emotional Reactivity, Fusion with others, and Emotional Cutoff, were negatively associated with Marital Jealousy. Among Attachment Styles, Anxiety Attachment Style is a significant predictive for the cognitive dimension of Marital Jealousy. It can be concluded that the Marital Jealousy is predictable by the dimensions of Attachment and Self- Differentiation. Therefore, by improving Self-Differentiation and Attachment Styles, negative effects of Marital Jealousy in Couples can be reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Rhizomania viral disease is one of the limiting factors of sugar beet cultivation and significantly reduces its yield. The most important way to deal with this disease is to use resistant cultivars. Materials and Methods In order to evaluate the correlation between yield and qualitative traits of sugar beet cultivars with rhizomania disease indices, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 12 different sugar beet cultivars in four replications in test site with natural infection with rhizomania in Torbat-e-Jam area at two years (2017 and 2018). The traits studied in this study included root yield, sugar content, sugar yield, white sugar content, white sugar yield, sodium, potassium, trace nitrogen, alkalinity, sugar extraction coefficient, leaf growth score, root growth score, disease severity and ELISA test index (OD). Analysis of variance was performed using SAS v.9.1 statistical software. Mean comparisons of traits were performed using LSD test at the probability level of 5 and 1%. Results and Discussion Analysis of variance showed significant differences among genotypes for all studied traits except for sodium. Cluster analysis of yield, crop quality as well as rhizomania severity of infection divided the sugar beet cultivars into three groups (resistant, semi-resistant and sensitive). Correlation between traits in a rhizomania infected field and different levels of resistance to rhizomania was different. In all cultivars with different levels of resistance, there was a significant correlation between pure sugar yield with leaf growth score (r=0.88 **), root growth score (r=0.85 **), disease severity (r= -0.84 **) and ELISA index (r= -0.67 **) was observed. Therefore, these traits are suitable indicators for evaluation of cultivars for suseptibility or resistance to rhizomania disease. In addition, correlation between ELISA index with disease severity (r=0.83**), leaf growth score (r= -0.61 **) and root growth score (r= -0.67 **) was significant. Conclusion According to the obtained results, because the ELISA test and determining the virus concentration is expensive, and on the other hand, this index had a positive and very significant correlation with the severity of the disease infection, so the disease severity index can be used to evaluate cultivars for resistance to rhizomania disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Economic Sciences, Management & Commercial Sciences (JESMCS) is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ma'alim Quran Sunnah is the property of Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abortion of the disabled fetus is among the challenges of medical ethics, and decision-making in this respect is subject to a major controversy between Islam and Western philosophies. One reason is skepticism about the continued existence and evolution of the human soul after death, which has resulted in legitimacy of abortion of disabled fetuses in the West. Islam and Islamic philosophers, however, attribute great importance to the soul and its evolution, and therefore in decisions related to such embryos all aspects of the body and soul are considered, with more emphasis on the latter. Some issues that are raised in the Islamic worldview include: What is the reason behind embryonic defects? And does a disabled fetus also suffer from a defect in the soul? The present paper is a descriptive-analytical non-systematic review that uses a data collection approach. Regardless of the issue of ensoulment, the study intends to examine the evolution of the spirit (nafs) in the fetus during various stages of life (vegetative, animal and human) based on Mulla Sadra and Imam Khomeini's perspectives. It also aims to conduct a philosophical investigation into defects in creation and to find the answer to the important question of whether the soul of a disabled fetus is also imperfect. Findings of this study show that based on Mulla Sadra's views, all living things have been created in the best and most perfect form. The disabled fetus is not an exception and therefore has a perfect soul, but the appearance of the soul in a malformed body is defective. The imperfection may have two causes: first, a wrong choice made by the soul of the disabled fetus in the world before this one, i.e. the Zar world, although the concept is among the unfolded mysteries of creation unfathomable by human knowledge; second, effect of the genes and/or the environment, regardless of the choice made by the soul of the disabled fetus in the world of Zar. However, since decision making regarding abortion of disabled fetuses is still a matter of controversy in medical ethics, further studies from the perspective of Islamic philosophy seem necessary to help resolve the issue and provide ethical guidelines based on Islamic principles [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Noise pollution is one of the risk factors of the human environment that may seriously threat physical and mental health of human beings. One of the main sources of this type of pollution is the noise produced by urban transportation and traffic, particularly subway in the environment. This article aims at study and evaluation of the noise condition in drivers' cabin and inside wagons of the subway of Tehran and the suburbs. Methods: Noise level and noise frequency analysis in the trains of lines one, two, four and five of the subway which are among the active lines of Tehran subway and the suburbs have been measured and evaluated at 345 points within one week over two days while the train was moving and stopped of which 96 points were located inside the driver's cabin and 258 points were in wagons. Noise was evaluated based on Free Air Standard approved by the Environment Higher Council of Iran and ACGIH Organization. The subway trains were also compared regarding noise pollution based on type of the train (TM, DC, AC). Calibrated analyzer instrument, model CEL-450/490 was used to measure noise and the data were analyzed by statistical descriptive methods, t-test and analysis of variance by SPSS18 software. Results: Mean equivalent noise level measured in the moving wagon was equal to 71.9 dBA that is significantly higher than the standard level (65 dBA) (p<0.01). In case the mean equivalent noise level measured in the moving cabin is equal to 73.3 dBA, that is significantly less than the standard level (85 dBA) (p<0.01). There is a significant difference between mean noise pressure level in wagon and in driver's cabin while moving and stoppage (p<0.01). However, there is no significant difference between noise pressure level in the wagon and driver's cabin while moving (p=0.5). There is no significant difference between the mean noise pressure level while moving and stoppage in different frequencies inside the wagon (p=0.5). However, there is a significant difference between the mean noise pressure level while moving and stoppage in 250 and 500 frequencies in the cabin (p<0.01). TM1 and TM2 trains are in the same class considering mean noise equal level and noise pressure (p=0.667) and AC and DC trains are in the same class (p=0.5) and their mean noise is equal to 69.5 and 73, respectively. Conclusion: The results obtained in this research showed that the mean equivalent noise level in the cabins is less than the authorized limit; however, it is higher than the authorized limit in the wagon. Therefore, it seems necessary to take control and prevention measures for noise reduction inside wagons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neuropathic pain is a type of chronic pain resulting from injury to the peripheral or central nervous system. Moreover, lithium is the main medication used to treat bipolar (manic-depression) disorder and some recent studies have also confirmed the neuroprotective effects of lithium. Considering the most common cause of neuropathic pain, nerve injury, the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of lithium on neuropathic pain induced by partial ligation of sciatic nerve in rat. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 40 adult male rats. Neuropathic pain was induced by a partial sciatic nerve ligation model and animals were randomly divided into five groups: a control group that underwent the surgical procedure without sciatic nerve ligation and four experimental groups which received normal saline and different doses of lithium (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg, i.p.). Heat hyperalgesia, mechanical and cold allodynia were assessed at 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days after surgery. Results: According to the results, lithium (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg) significantly reduced heat hyperalgesia and cold allodynia induced by partial sciatic nerve ligation (P<0.01), while it reduced mechanical allodynia only at high doses (10 and 15 mg/kg). Conclusion: Lithium has an analgesic effect on neuropathic pain induced by partial ligation of sciatic nerve in rat. Further investigations would be needed to confirm the analgesic effect of lithium and its mechanisms of action in neuropathic pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: One of the most important problems of children who suffer from autism is abnormality in receiving and integrating sensory inputs, especially hearing input. It has been shown that brainstem has a key role in receiving, encoding and integrating hearing input. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) is a tool by which we can evaluate this function. The purpose of this study was to assess and to compare autistic and normal children brainstem hearing function. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on thirty (58 ears) autistic and thirty (57 ears) normal 6-12 years old children. The children with autism were divided into slight and severe subgroups according to Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised questionnaire. Clickevoked ABR was recorded and compared between groups. Results: There was significant difference between two groups V and III wave latencies and I-III and I-V interpeak latencies (p<0.05). In fact, comparison of the results of autism subgroups with normal children indicated that the latencies of the severe subgroup significantly prolonged. Conclusion: Increasing latencies of ABR waves in severe subgroup maybe due to abnormality in low level of brainstem. Brainstem abnormality may result in exacerbating the symptom of autism. It is therefore suggested that ABR is included in diagnostic test batteries for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The position of notary as a mediator in its application does not contradict the law against religious norms, decency or suitability that can cause the honor and dignity of the notary position. Apart from that, the authority of a notary to resolve disputes through mediation and act as a mediator is not regulated in the provisions of the UUJN or related regulations, so that in this case there is a legal vacuum (rechtsvacuum) which has an impact on the absence of legal certainty for notaries in carrying out their duties to become mediators and resolve disputes outside the court. Therefore, a clear regulation is needed for notaries to carry out their duties and positions as mediators. The research method that will be used in this research is a type of normative juridical research, according to Ishaq, normative juridical research essentially examines the law conceptualized as norms or rules that apply in society, and become a reference for the behavior of everyone, this type of research is also called library research, theoretical / dogmatic research. Briefly related to the conclusions obtained by the author that although Article 15 and Article 17 of the UUJN do not explicitly prohibit notaries from acting as mediators, many notaries act as mediators based on the agreement of the parties to the dispute. This role provides an opportunity for notaries to be involved in dispute resolution by making a deed of peace that reinforces the results of the mediation

Covernote is a certificate from a notary that becomes an important requirement in the disbursement of murabahah financing, especially when the customer has not met the complete requirements, such as the unfinished collateral checking process or the status of the land that still does not have a certificate of ownership. Although it does not have legal force, the Covernote serves as a guideline for Islamic banks in disbursing financing, with the notary responsible for completing the collateral checking process until the issuance of the Deed of Granting Mortgage. Although notaries have the authority to make authentic deeds or deeds under hand, Covernote is not included. This research is important to understand the law related to notary Covernote, the urgency of legal protection for banks in the case of notaries who do not fulfill their obligations, and analysis of legal remedies that can be taken by banks against non-performing loans due to notary negligence in Covernote. The research method used is empirical juridical research, which is a research conducted on the real situation that occurs in the application of legal practice in society and analyzes the actions of legal institutions related to these problems which aim to provide legal certainty. The conclusion obtained is that the quality of financing is the main indicator in assessing the financial health and risks faced by an Islamic bank. The category of financing, ranging from current to non-performing, illustrates the customer's ability to pay obligations in accordance with the agreed contract. Effective monitoring and management of financing is necessary to identify and address risks in a timely manner, minimize financial risks, and maintain the continuity of bank operations

The problem of incomplete or non-existent land ownership proof among the community has arisen in one of the villages in Sidoarjo Regency. This is rooted in the registration of land through the Comprehensive Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) program by one of the heirs named "A". After the issuance of the certificate, other heirs raised objections regarding land ownership, leading to an unresolved dispute until now. This situation is not in line with the intended purpose of land registration, given that Indonesia has comprehensive regulations governing land matters, including dispute resolution. The persistent delay in resolving the dispute raises questions about whether there is a regulatory mismatch or implementation issues within the PTSL program. This research adopts a socio-legal research method with a socio-legal sociology approach and legal data collection techniques such as interviews, observations, and document analysis conducted at the Sidoarjo Regency ATR/BPN Office. The population includes employees of the ATR/BPN Office in Sidoarjo Regency, with samples selected purposively from the General and Personnel Substantive Group Coordinator or the PTSL Program committee or appointed officials. The research findings will be analyzed using descriptive legal data analysis. The results indicate that the implementation of the PTSL program aligns with existing regulations, despite encountering some obstacles. The identified challenges include disputes related to data forgery, conflicts among heirs, discrepancies in land measurement processes, and land occupation by individuals other than the direct owners. The ATR/BPN Office in Sidoarjo addresses these challenges by mediating disputes before PTSL registration to reach agreements. In cases where no consensus is reached, the registration process is postponed until a resolution is achieved between the parties. Additionally, in post-PTSL certificate issuance disputes, mediation is employed, and if no agreement is reached, the category may be downgraded from K2 to K1, or legal proceedings may be pursued to determine rightful ownership of the land parcel.

The legal conflict regarding the probationary period between the Employment Law and the Ministry of Home Affairs Regulation concerns the regulation of the probationary period, where the Employment Law stipulates that the probationary period should not exceed 3 (three) months. However, the Ministry of Home Affairs Regulation states a minimum of 3 months and a maximum of 6 months for the probationary period. Based on this, the research question of this paper is formulated as follows: What are the provisions of the Probationary Period in Article 33 Paragraph (2) of the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation on the Organization and Personnel of Regional Drinking Water Companies in terms of the Principle of Legal Certainty? The writing of this paper uses a normative juridical method with the Statue Approach and Analytical Approach. In analysing this research, several theories are employed, including the theory of legal certainty, the theory of norm hierarchy, and the theory of norm conflict. The researcher obtains answers to the existing problems by analysing the legal certainty of the probationary period regulation. In terms of the theory of legal certainty by Jan Michiel Otto, it aligns with Lord Lyod's opinion on the meaning of legal certainty, which is consistent, stable, and clear. The regulation in Article 33 Paragraph (2) of the Ministry of Home Affairs Regulation does not meet the principle of legal certainty. While the regulation in the Ministry of Home Affairs Regulation in Article 33 Paragraph (2) is consistent and clear, it lacks consistency. This is because the regulation should comply with labour laws where the maximum probationary period is 3 months, while in the Ministry of Home Affairs Regulation, the probationary period is a minimum of 3 months and a maximum of 6 months.

This research sheds light on the use of metal in the manufacture of jewelry, which is represented by ornamental tools in the period between the third and second millennium BC, in addition to the most important molds used in their manufacture. Man has been interested in metals since early ages, and was able to make tools that he uses in his daily life, especially jewelry. And the Syrian people got acquainted with the types of minerals, their characteristics, and how to deal with them. Minerals played an effective and prominent role in the economy of ancient Syria. Trade with those countries and secure their roads.

The processes involved in development are strongly tied to the land development policy and regulation. The Town and Country Planning Act 1976 [Act 172] and the National Land Code [Act 828] are among the laws regulating these processes. Cases such as Subang Jaya Municipal Council v. Visamaya Sdn. Bhd & Anor is one of the cases on the conflict of land conditions in the National Land Code (now revised in 2020 with the number [Act 828]) ("KTN") with the land use zone contained in the Local Plan issued by the Local Authority (PBT). Its decision offers a valuable lesson in legal matters and land planning. This study intends to take a firm stance on the interaction between land-related legislation, such as TCPA [Act 172] and KTN. Studies are carried out using the most recent court rulings and legislative modifications, using a doctrinal approach as the primary methodology. The Town and Country Planning Act of 1976 [Act 172] (often known as "Act 172") is the primary statute cited in project planning for development, according to the study. On the other hand, KTN, which went into effect on January 1, 1966, is the most significant land law in Peninsular Malaysia. The alleged legal inconsistencies must be clarified and justified, and this requires a thorough comprehension of the development of the relevant legislation's original process and original intent. The study finds that amendments to the laws or guidelines should be initiated to ensure the development process continues as planned. Abstrak Pembangunan sesuatu kawasan berkait rapat dengan proses-proses berkaitan pembangunan tanah. Proses-proses ini dikawal oleh beberapa perundangan seperti Kanun Tanah Negara [Akta 828] dan Akta Perancangan Bandar dan Desa [Akta 172]. Kes Majlis Perbandaran Subang Jaya v Visamaya Sdn.Bhd & Anor mengenai konflik syarat nyata tanah dalam Kanun Tanah Negara 1965 (kini telah disemak semula pada tahun 2020 dengan nombor [Akta 828]) (“KTN”) dengan zon guna tanah yang terdapat dalam Rancangan Tempatan yang dikeluarkan oleh Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan (PBT) merupakan satu keputusan yang memberikan satu pengajaran besar dalam isu perundangan dan perancangan tanah. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kedudukan sebenar berhubung kaitan antara akta-akta melibatkan pembangunan tanah seperti Akta Perancangan Bandar dan Desa 1976 [Akta 172] dan KTN. Kajian dijalankan melalui semakan kepada perundangan dan keputusan-keputusan mahkamah yang terkini serta menjurus kepada pendekatan doktrinal. Kajian mendapati bahawa Akta Perancangan Bandar dan Desa 1976 [Akta 172] (“Akta 172”) merupakan undang-undang utama yang dirujuk dalam suatu perancangan projek untuk sesuatu pembangunan. Manakala KTN pula undang-undang tanah terpenting yang digunakan di Semenanjung Malaysia yang berkuat kuasa pada 1 Januari 1966 berkaitan urusan tanah. Konflik perundangan yang dinyatakan perlu diperhalusi dan disokong dengan pemahaman yang mendalam berkaitan proses dan niat asal penggubalan perundangan berkaitan. Kajian ini mendapati cadangan pindaan atau penjelasan melalui garis panduan merupakan satu tindakan yang wajar bagi memastikan semua pembangunan dapat dijalankan tanpa menjejaskan polisi dan perundangan tanah sedia ada.

Aims: The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of Angle’s molar classification and recording sagittal malocclusion, among (15- 18) years-old-school students; by studying two factors: gender and the socio-economic status, which are represented by the school type as private or public schools. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 593 aged between 15 – 18 years old. Students were included from randomly selected male, female and mixed high schools. Distributed in different areas in Erbil city. Excluding those who previously had orthodontic treatment, orthognathic surgery, missing upper or lower first molar, and students with any contagious diseases. The molar relationship was determined by direct clinical examination according to Angle’s classifications and sub-classifications. Statistical analysis was obtained using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Pearson Chi-Square test was used to determine the significance among the data’s variables. Results: The findings showed 90.2 % of the subjects had malocclusion, and the prevalence of malocclusion was as the following: Class I 59.1%, Class II 24.7%, Class III 16.2%, respectively. According to gender, Chi-square was significant in molar classification and sub-classification. As for the school type, Chi-square was not significant in molar classification, but it was significant in sub-classification at p-value ≤0.05. Conclusions: Malocclusion is relatively high in Erbil city among adolescents.

Aims: The study aimed to evaluate the overall and anterior Bolton’s ratio between females and males of the Kurdistan population, and then compare it to Bolton’s original ratio. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of 160 orthodontic models (80 males, 80 females) that randomly selected from the Kurdistan Iraq population for patients seeking orthodontic treatment, ranging in age from 16 to 34 years. After evaluating the width of each tooth separately using digital caliper, anterior and total ratios were calculated by a formula presented by Bolton. Results: The study’s overall Bolton’s ratio was significantly higher for both females and males at 92.54 and 91.73, respectively, when compared to that of Bolton’s original value of 91.3; the anterior Bolton’s ratio was also significantly higher at 79.97 for males & 79.22 for females, when compared to that of Bolton’s original value of 77.2. The high significant difference was observed be-tween the current study and Bolton’s ratios, with p-value of 0.01, whereas no significant gender differences in any malocclusion group have been found. Conclusions: No gender effect on Bolton’s ratios among all Angle’s classification types.

This study aims to find out the determinant of zakat productive towards Small Medium Enterprise (SMEs) incomes of recipient of zakat. This study uses quantitative approaches using primary data which collect through interviews, documentation and observation with a quetionnaires. The population are all recipients of zakat who received the funding of zakat productive from BAZNAS of South Sumatera. The data is analyzed using multiple reggression model. The results of this study indicate that the determinant of zakat productive like zakat productive funds and training has a significant contribution on SMEs incomes of recipient of zakat. On this point zakat productive program can be developed more broadly and with more scheme, so that more recipients of zakat can join this program and got more welfare and a good living.

الأهداف : هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تعرُّف فاعلية التعلم الالكتروني الصفي في تحسين المهارات القرائية والكتابية لدى طلبة ذوي صعوبات التعلم في الصف الرابع الابتدائي في مدينة الدوحة في دولة قطر، تكوّن مجتمع الدراسة من جميع طلبة صعوبات التعلم في مدينة الدوحة، للفصل الدراسي الثاني 2020\2021 ؛ حيث وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (31) طالبًا، والذين جرى اختيارهم بطريقة عشوائية. المنهجية: تم استخدام المنهج التجريبي، كما جرى استخدام أداة الدراسة وهي اختبار تحصيلي في القراءة والكتابة تكون من (60) فقرة بصورته النهائية، جرى التحقق من صدق وثبات الأداة. النتائج: أظهرت النتائج وجود فروق دالة إحصائيًا عند مستوى دلالة (α≤ 0.05) بين متوسطات درجات الطلبة ولصالح الاختبار البعدي في مهارتي القراءة والكتابة =13.62 – 15.96) ت كما أظهرت النتائج عدم وجود فروق دالة إحصائيًا عند مستوى دلالة (α≤ 0.05) بين متوسطات درجات الطلبة في مهارتي القراءة والكتابة تبعًا للجنس (ذكر،أنثى). التوصيات: حيث أوصت الدراسة بضرورة توظيف تكنولوجيا التعليم في تدريس الطلبة ذوي الإعاقة وخصوصًا الطلبة ذوي صعوبات التعلم. تبني طرق تكنولوجيا التعليم في تطوير المناهج لتناسب الطلبة ذوي صعوبات التعلم.

يفحص تحليل مع نهج «التناص» اتصال نص مع نصوص أخرى. الهدف الرئيسي من هذا البحث هو مقارنة التعاليم الأخلاقية للقرآن الكريم في كيمياء السعادة و شرح طب القلوب. الأخلاق هو جزء مهم من تدريس الأدب في الأدب الفارسي.. في الفارسية، تم إنشاء مثل هذه الأعمال مثل كيمياء السعادة و طب القلوب مع موضوع الأدب التربوي، مليئة بالتعاليم الأخلاقية. عند دراسة بعض الفضائل والرذائل الأخلاقية لهذين الكتابين، نجد أن التعاليم الأخلاقية لهذين العملين تأثرت بالقرآن. غزالي ونقشبندي في أعمالهم سوف يقدمون رسائلهم الأخلاقية للبشرية. إن رجل العصر الحالي، المتحكم و رادع السقوط في فساد الماضي، يحتاج أكثر من أي وقت مضى. و بالتالي، فإن حاجة العالم المعاصر إلى الأخلاق أمر حاسم لظهور الفساد الأخلاقي الحالي. وبناءً على ذلك، من خلال إدراك الفضائل والرذائل الأخلاقية لهاتين الكتاب، يمكن رؤيتهما في نظرتهما للعالم والتأمل في أفكارهما في سبيل معرفة الأخلاق وإدخال رسائلهما الأخلاقية من أجل تطبيقهما في الحياة. الطريقة الفردية والاجتماعية لإنقاذ البشرية من الخراب والفساد في العالم الحالي، قام المؤلف بتحليل وتحليل المنهج الوصفي التحليلي باستخدام طريقة المكتبة في هذاالمقال في شكل بحث علمي.

A field experiment was carried out in the experimental field of Department of field crops- Agriculture College-University Of Anbar (Abu-Ghariab) during the two winter seasons of 2015/2016 and 2016/2017, to study the effect of cultivars and foliar application of amino acids at different concentrations in yield and quality of wheat crop. Randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) was used with the arrangement of split-split plots with three replications. The main plots were occupied with amino acids (Tryptophan, Arginine and Tyrosine), while the sub-plots were occupied with amino acids concentrations (0, 100 and 200 mg L-1) and the sub-sub-plots were occupied with genotypes (Al-Rasheed, Tamooz-2 and Abu-Gharaib-3). Results of this study showed superiority of Al-Rasheed cultivars in period of grain filling (28.46 and 32.52 days) highest yield (6.32 and 7.09 ton ha-1), highest percentage of protein (13.81 and 14.41%), moist gluten ratio (36.27 and 38.21%) and carbohydrates percentage (70.42 and 68.62%) for both seasons respectively. As for amino acids concentrations, they significantly affected in studied traits and for both seasons. The concentration of 200 mg L-1 was superior with highest mean of protein percentage (13.86 and 14.49%) moist gluten and carbohydrates (71.00 and 69.20%) in both seasons respectively. Amino acids were varied significantly in The number of days of 100% flowering to physiological maturity, seed yield, protein percentage, moist gluten, carbohydrates, and amino acids content in seeds. Foliar application with Tyrosine gave highest mean of seed yield in both seasons (5.92 and 6.83 ton ha-1) and highest mean of gluten percentage in seed in first season (34.86%).

The study aimed to know the most important media influencing on the image of internal tourism in Algeria, Statistical analysis was applied using the software (SPSS.V.22) on a sample that included (180) individuals, as well as the factor analysis method (ACP). The results showed the role played by the media in influencing on the image of internal tourism in Algeria.

According to Islamic jurisprudence, "Ta'zir"(discretionary punishment) and "forbidding the evil" are two answers to sin and two strategies for confronting with it. This article seeks for a relationship between this two institutions. Based on the results of this article, there are some commonalities and similarities between them. However, each of them has special features and provisions that necessarily they do not share. The Interpretations of "forbidding the evil", may be broad or narrow and the differences between different interpretations would be effective on the relationship between: ta’zir” and “forbidding the evil”. According to Islamic jurisprudence, the Interpretation of "forbidding the evil" is narrow and does not include "ta'zir" and there is a substantive difference between them. In the terms of Islamic jurisprudence, "Forbidding the evil" is the stage followed by sin, while "Ta'zir" is a kind of punishment and a stage proceeding sin. Absolutely, a behavior can be considered as “forbidding the evil" while it can be taken as "ta'zir" from another perspective. This means that, a behavior is "ta'zir" if its purpose is to deal with the sin committed in the past, and it can be "Forbidding the evil" if the purpose is to prevent the person from repeating the same sin or another sin in the future.

This study aimed to determine the effect of the quality of services offered by Saida University– Algeria- on students’ satisfaction, using a scale of Service Performance (SERVPERF), which mainly focused on measuring the actual performance of the service provided to students. To achieve this objective, a questionnaire, consisting of (29) items, was developed and distributed to the study sample which consisted of 370 students.; The collected data was statistically analyzed using the (SPSS.V.20) statistical program. The study results showed that the degree of appreciation of the quality of services by students was on average, with an overall degree of 57.4%. The results also showed that students’ satisfaction of the quality of educational services at the University was on average, with an overall degree of 54%. There was also a statistically significant effect on the quality of educational services to the satisfaction of students of (0.05). Finally, the study proposed a number of recommendations the most important of which were that modern methods of dealing with students should be followed, including considering their needs and voices, and taking care of them, because they are the focus of all educational processes. Keywords: Quality of service, Teaching, Students’ satisfaction.

AIMS:To evaluate and compare the microleakage occlusally and gingivally under bracket-composite interface of sapphire ceramic, stainless steel and composite orthodontic brackets bonded with two different generations of orthodontic adhesives.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-two freshly extracted premolars were utilized in this study. Three types of orthodontic brackets were used as follows: sapphire ceramic, composite and stainless steel. The samples were divided into two main groups of 36 samples; one group was bonded with Resilience® adhesive, while the other was bonded with Biofix adhesive. Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups of 12 samples according to bracket types. After photopolymerization, the samples were thermocycled. Samples were sealed with nail varnish, stained with 2% methylene blue dye then sectioned occlusogingivally, examined under a stereomicroscope and measured for microleakage at the bracket-adhesive interface from both occlusal and gingival margins, evaluated statistically with t- tests at p≤0.05 levels of significance. RESULTS: All groups showed various degrees of microleakage, however, no significant differences either between the two adhesives or among the three bracket types were recorded. Microleakage beneath sapphire brackets was significantly higher under the Biofix adhesive at the gingival side.CONCLUSION: No significant differences were recorded between the occlusal and gingival sites in all of the study groups.However, the 5th generation adhesive showed higher microleakage with significant difference under sapphire ceramic brackets at the gingival margin.

This article describes the work of K.H. Husin Qadri and K.H. Ja'far Sabran; twoproductive scholarswho wrote manyreligious literatures related to monotheism, sharia, morals, deedsand prayers. K.H. Husin Kadri,a famous writer in his time, had a brilliant idea to write a book contained of collection of prayers al-Ma'sturat from Al-Quran and Hadith. Althoughhe did not include the references of prayers and quotation used in his book, the Book ofSenjata Mukmin was devotedto students community and Martapura residents who have understood, and memorizedthe verses or hadith in that book. K.H. Husin Kadri also included a material of monotheism which described the explanation of twentycharacteristics. The Book of Risalah Doawas composedwithmodel and format designed by the editors to make it different from other people's work, accompanied by interesting information quoted from credible sources. This book was completed withnumber of verses and chapters, the source of hadith’squotations and sayings of scholarsfrom other books.

The present experimental work is a study of solar still with reflected mirrors. The solar radiation was calculated mathematically for angles ranging from 9o to 30o with 15o increment for reflected mirrors and from 0-45o with 5o increment for glass cover. Experimental analysis showed that the best angle that intercept the maximum amount for solar radiation at the angle 85o for reflected mirrors at the south-north orientation of solar still which indicates that as the slop of mirrors increase the average solar radiation decreases. Also the glass cover is inclined about 40o. The study included the experimented test for the angle which may not permit the condensate to drip back into the basin. It was found to be 11o.

This study aimed to highlight the reality of university services marketing by focusing, mainly, on each element of the marketing mix in its seven in order to upgrade the level of performance of the product quality of education in all its components .conducting of the study is applied on one of our university facilities and made the students of the university in Saida Algeria an element of focus. A questionnaire was distributed consisting on (35) questions, to be answered by (130) students. The analysis according to the student’s answers to the yield a number of scientific conclusions such us: 1- There is a strong correlation between the application of the elements of the marketing mix and improving the quality of educational services. 2- The results showed that members of the service providers of the faculty, administration and library workers, and all the staff of the university have significant influence on in upgrading the quality of higher education services. 3- The results also showed the impact of the equipment and the physical meaning of the Service on the level of the quality of higher education services. 4- The results showed that the adoption modern methods in the field of distribution and promotion services increase the quality of higher education services.