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This paper addresses the challenge of controlling the formation of multi-agent system based only on the relative distances between agents obtained individually by local sensors mounted on each autonomous agent in the system. Based on the graph rigidity approach, the inter-agent sensing and communication topology is presented as a rigid graph, and the control model is designed for each agent as a distributed control scheme. This study shows the capability of utilizing graph rigidity in designing distance-based formation control for multi-agent system. It also shows the applicability of the approach to achieve formation control for more complex formations in both two and three-dimensional spaces. To validate the effectiveness and capability of the proposed formation control strategy, three complex formation scenarios are conducted and simulated using MATLAB. These scenarios involve both formation acquisition and maneuvering problems and consider double-integrator multi-agent systems with 5 and 12 agents. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the distance-based formation control based on the graph rigidity, by demonstrating the exponential stability of the controlled system and the convergence of the agents to the desired formation in less than 3 seconds even for a system of 12 agents. The system stability proof is provided using Lyapunov stability theorem. In addition to ensuring system stability, this study shows that the graph rigidity approach implicitly ensures inter-agent collision avoidance.This study demonstrates the effectiveness of using graph rigidity approach in designing formation control of multi-agent system based only on the relative distances between agents, which ensures system stability

Objective: The present article presents Sheikh al-Qaraḍāwī’s innovative legal interpretations and choices on issues of Islamic criminal jurisprudence. It also examines al-Qaraḍāwī’s independent legal rulings across various branches of criminal jurisprudence, analysing and evaluating them according to the principles he set for contemporary ijtihād (independent legal reasoning). Methodology: This study employs an inductive, descriptive, and analytical approach. First, it traces al-Qaraḍāwī’s ijtihād in criminal jurisprudence topics. Second, it examines his legal reasoning in light of his stated principles of ijtihād and his objective of adapting Islamic law to fit within the framework of the modern state. Third, it analyses his independent rulings (ijtihādāt) in relation to contemporary writings on criminal law. Results: Islamic criminal jurisprudence was a central focus for Sheikh al-Qaraḍāwī as he worked to develop an approach to Islamic law that fits within the framework of the modern state while upholding the principles of the Sharia. He consistently maintained that any effort to implement criminal punishments prescribed in Islam must be grounded in a contemporary understanding of the Sharia’s foundational sources. Sheikh al-Qaraḍāwī views Islamic criminal jurisprudence as fundamentally concerned with safeguarding religion, life, progeny, intellect, and property for all people. He believes that Islamic punitive measures primarily aim at promoting values and upholding human rights principles without discrimination based on religion, race, colour, or gender. Al-Qaraḍāwī’s views covered a range of complex criminal issues, including his stance on abolishing the death penalty, gender equality in matters of blood money, retribution between Muslims and non-Muslims, the changing jurisprudential concept of guardianship in retribution cases, the minimum threshold for amputation on theft, criticism of the modern prison system, punishment by stoning, the crime of apostasy, and his critique of the prevailing European narrative on corporal punishments in Islam. Originality: The originality of this study lies in its focus on the overlooked distinction between public and private matters in modern and pre-modern Islamic criminal jurisprudence.

Este artículo aborda el estudio de la teoría del cuento, la cual forma parte de la teoría literaria y semiótica, y para estudiarlo es necesario conocer algunos aspectos teóricos básicos del cuento, como su definición, características, tipos y estructura. A continuación, llevamos a cabo un análisis estructural de un cuento de la colección de cuentos del Conde Lucanor que se remonta a la Edad Media. El motivo de elegir este tipo de cuento es por el valor educativo y pedagógico que transmite al lector, al mismo tiempo que se considera una oportunidad para que el estudiante conozca la mentalidad cultural española de la época medieval, además el hecho de que el cuento que elegimos hable sobre amigos leales o amistad, que es un tema muy habitual y está presente en casi todas las culturas, y esto facilita que el estudiante comprenda el texto durante el proceso de análisis. El objetivo principal del estudio es proporcionar un ejercicio analítico de la estructura narrativa del cuento a través del cual el estudiante conozca los elementos básicos que componen la estructura del cuento.

The initial reading of Mamluks architecture reveals that the forms are governed by urban factors, so it is in correct to understand Mamluks buildings as a container of spaces, but it is a receptacle of a homogeneous mixture of interior architectural spaces and exterior urban spaces, notwithstanding that analyzing the performance of the buildings in its urban context in Mamluks architecture was largely unconcerned between scholars. The research problem, objectives and hypothesis revolved around a question that the research tried to answer: “How the Mamluk architect achieved the integration between the urban design and the architecture design in the design of complex buildings in Mamluks eras?”. To answer this question the research shaded light on the connection elements between urban design and architectural design then it demonstrated how the design process depended on the paths, entrances, minarets and corridor as urban/architectural design tools, this led the research to suggest a design method for the complex buildings and named it “The PMEC Methodology of Design in Urban Context” which may be considered as a systematic arrangement of design steps and the validity of it appeared throughout applying it on various of case-study buildings, this led the research to reach its main results and emphasized that “in contemporary architecture achieving the integration between the urban design and architecture design in the design process of buildings is a main guarantee for the success of buildings functional/composition performance”. ان القراءة الأولية للعمارة المملوكية تكشف أن التكوين المعمارى عادة ما يكون محكوم بعناصر عمرانية، ونتيجة لذلك، لا يمكن قراءة المبانى المملوكية على أنها مجرد تكوين حاوى للفراغ ولكنها وسيط بين الفراغ المعمارى الداخلى والفراغ العمرانى الخارجى.على الرغم من ذلك فان دراسة الاداء العمرانى/المعمارى للمبانى لم ينل الاهتمام الواسع بين دارسين العمارة الاسلامية، ولذلك تحليل اداء المبانى فى سياقها العمرانى جعل مشكلة وأهداف وفرضية البحث تتمحور حول تساؤل بحثى واحد حاول البحث الاجابة عليه وهو "كيف حقق المعمارى المملوكى التكامل بين التصميم العمرانى والتصميم المعمارى فى عملية تصميم المبانى المركبة فى العصور المملوكية؟". للاجابة على هذا التساؤل البحثى سلط البحث الضوء على العناصر التى تربط بين التصميم العمرانى والتصميم المعمارى ثم وضح البحث كيف اعتمد المعمارى المملوكى على المسارات والمداخل والمآذن والطرقات كادوات تصميم عمرانية/معمارية. مما ادى بالبحث الى اقتراح تقنية لتصميم المبانى المركبة فى العصور المملوكية واطلق عليها البحث "منهجية "PMEC" للتصميم فى السياق العمرانى" وظهرت صلاحيتها من خلال تطبيقها على عدد من مبانى دراسة الحالة، ليصل البحث الى نتيجته الاساسية ليؤكد على أن تصميم المبانى فى العمارة المعاصرة ضمن سياقها العمرانى هو ضمانة لنجاح أداؤها الوظيفى والتشكيليى.

Housing is the initial nucleus for the emergence of cities, and housing projects can be considered as an important factor of social stability, and the governmental housing projects in Egypt suffer from low occupancy rates, this is nothing but a true translation of the waste of huge national investments and confirms that these projects suffer from many design deficiencies. The research aims mainly to diagnosing and treating the design deficiencies in governmental housing projects in Egypt. To achieve this, the research was divided into three main parts. It begins with a theoretical study in which the research identified the criterias and basics of design flexibility in Islamic architecture besides drawing a theoretical background on housing design in contemporary governmental housing projects in Egypt, then, the analytical study of design deficiencies in governmental housing projects in Egypt, through which the research was able to formulate a methodology of treating design deficiencies in governmental housing projects in Egypt then the research moves to the applied study, in which the suggested methodology was applied on one of the privet housing projects in new Minia city, this leads the research to reaches its main result, which is that the interaction with the heritage of Islamic architecture is a deep source of inspiration in treating the problems of housing projects through the creation of modern architecture that keeps pace with the present and the future and is not neglected or independent from its ancient past, taking into account our special social nature.

Road maintenance management is a fundamental strategy for achieving the infrastructure sustainability. In Egypt, maintenance decision depends only on the pavement condition, and traffic safety is not considered. This study aims to develop an integrated safety-pavement management system that enables managing roads network according to the available funds and assures the safety concept throughout the service life of roads. It develops a probabilistic performance model and an optimization decision tool based on roads condition, safety levels, and maintenance costs to provide a proper maintenance decision. The system was validated for the road network in southern Egypt. Results show that an inadequate maintenance budget causes a decrease in safety levels and pavement conditions in some sections due to late maintenance decisions. However, the results indicate the applicability for determining the economic maintenance plan which keeps safety at the targeted level and enhances the pavement performance through the network by saving 27 million Egyptian pounds through the analysis period.

Muslim saint El Khidr Servant of God "Alahi Salaam", known as Khawaja Khidr (Khizr) occupies a role of special distinction, Khidr has been associated in Persia and India with water, The blessed Sufi path, and eternity, Is personality was appreciated by some Mughal emperors, Especially Those Interested in Sufi Ideas, And the Effect of This on the Islamic Painting , Especially the Mughal Indian school, The images of the Khawaja Khidr had religious symbolism at times and Political Symbolism at other Times, It was depicted as a vision or dream preaching the Mughal emperors what they wished, Al-Khidr was previously depicted in Islamic painting, Particularly Persian manuscripts, but with different symbolism, His miniatures with Alexander, The source of life, or his appearance while praying with Elias, or in Manuscripts of the Qiss al'anbia', And he is a companion to God’s Prophet Moses. Popular concepts and perceptions in Persia and Southeast Asian countries differ from others in the rest of the Islamic world. The Persians combined the personality of Abd al-Saleh al-Khidr, peace be upon him, with spiritual features, knowledge and divine wisdom with the popular imaginations of al-Khidr - peace be upon him - as a mythical mystical figure since he is the only one who He discovered and drank from the water of the source of life, and knew al khidr in the same way in India, and the personality of al-khidr in the cities located in northern India witnessed reverence amounting to giving him the character of reverence and deification, this is in addition to the role of folklore in India, which had a great impact on the form of al-khidr that appeared in the Miniatures of the subject of study.

Public spaces in residential areas can be considered as a key controller of people's behavior. As these spaces motivate people to socially interact this by the way tailor their personality and mental processes. Besides, this interaction affects the quality of life of individuals and the way they interact with the environment. Accordingly, it is essential for architects to pay more concern to the design of open areas with more consideration to human aspects rather than just physical aspects only. Moreover, the goals and principles of sustainability, especially social sustainability has to be considered. This attributed to the strong relationship and mutual interaction between human needs, design dimensions of residential open areas and principles of social sustainability. However, in some countries, including Egypt, there is a wide shortage in the proper design of open areas within residential communities as the buildings seem to be scary solid blocks. Accordingly, the individuals misally use the islands in the public streets and squares considering them as open areas. This study aims to solve this issue and avoid this misuse. One of the proposed solutions is to study residential open areas aiming at achieving human needs besides providing appropriate urban design elements. This can be performed by investigating the relationship between human needs and urban design elements in residential areas, as well as linking them to the basic principles of social sustainability because it is the link between urbanization and humanity. Moreover, the study presents a proposition to the effectual aspects that can both achieve a successful design of public spaces and fruit human welfare. These aspects include geographical, physical, psychological, and managerial concerns. Each aspect was divided into several requirements. Then, the proposed relation between human needs, principles of design and sustainability to residential open areas is correlated through the satisfaction of these requirements. In order to examine the efficiency of the excluded principles the people's park were taken as a case study.

One of the logic approaches to improve the contemporary design criteria of the Minarets understands the design methods of the built Minarets of Mamluks. To demonstrate how the geometrical proportions and environmental aspects played the role of design generator which remained the backbone of the process of “designing” a geometrical analyses of various designs of Mamluk Minarets were presented by concentrating on the derivation process of the design idea. By geometric morphological analysis of 20 Minarets a not fixed certain proportional relationships were found. The study depended on analyzing the proportions of the geometric shapes and the Minarets heights in relation to the whole composition to suggest the proportions code and the environmental principles, which may be considered as the inherent design method that govern the design of the Minarets in Cairo of the Mamluks. The research reached to suggest a design generative technique; this technique is a combination of architectural grammar which can be understood as a bundle design principles which formulate a design guideline. This technique illustrates how Mamluk architects proceeded to apply the proportions code and environmental principles to the practical problem of Minarets design, the research name it ‘Unwritten Design Method’, which is orderly and methodical arrangement of proportions to produces the Minarets design.

Iconography is a degree given to a building and an objective of its architectural design. The iconic high-rise buildings are important in various fields. Distinctiveness in skyscrapers is not achieved by chance or by exciting stories told about the building. Exaggeration in one of design elements does not achieve the uniqueness and architectural creativity. Iconicity is a product of gathering specific main cores. The iconic tall buildings have distinct characteristics that set them different from other buildings. This paper proposes to combine the distinctive characteristics of the iconic high-rise buildings from different references to form a unified and clear methodology used when designing to achieve the iconicity. The developed methodology can be relied upon in the critical analysis of those skyscrapers to determine the degree of iconicity, and to know the reasons for the failure of some tall buildings in achieving the iconicity with a simple and systematic methodology.

The process of product development in general, and the metal furniture product in particular, is what determines the ability of industrial enterprises to continue their products in competition within the local and global markets. Hence the question arises: Are the development and improvement processes that take place on metal furniture products according to a specific system and methodology that deals with all the standards necessary for its development so that it is a process capable of accommodating the functions of the basic products (usual, engineering, economic and environmental) or not?Hence, the aim of the research was to study a quality system that is applied within the product design process as an entry point for the development of the metal furniture industry. To achieve this goal, some concepts have been discussed, such as the concept of quality, who is responsible for the quality system, and how to apply them in the design process? The research tried to reach a system to improve the quality of metal furniture through the following research axes: the concept of quality, analysis of the stages and steps of applying the quality system, a case study through the application of the quality system within the design of a product for metal furniture [Locarbezia chair].

The Brix value is an important factor in the sugar industry's extraction processes. Brix refers to the amount of sucrose in the raw sugar solution. The concentration of dissolved solids in a solution is measured by the degree Brix (symbol °Bx). One gram of sucrose in 100 grams of solution equals one-degree Brix. a New Suggested method for measuring brix was designed to be low-cost and accurate Brix measuring in raw sugar solutions. it was depended on Electronic sensors can directly measure the mass, and temperature of the solution to express the brix and give the result on the screen. Digital suggested brixmeter was made based on this method. It can be used manually on the production line and in various food industries. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the digital brixmeter performance for measuring brix in raw sugar solutions. Brix measurements were tested for a group of samples at different sizes to find the optimal measurement sizes can verify accurate brix degree value. The factors affecting the accuracy of the measurement were also studied. The results were compared with the brix read from accurate optical refractometer to check and a prove the accuracy of the proposed digital brixmeter.

تصوير بعض المشاهد الأسطورية على الفخار الروماني المتأخر "دراسة لشقف غير منشورة بمتحف الآثار التعليمي بكلية الآداب-جامعة الإسكندرية" يستهدف هذا البحث دراسة عدد من القطع الفخارية المحفوظة بمتحف الآثار التعليمي بكلية الآداب-جامعة الإسكندرية ونشرها للمرة الأولى، والتى صور عليها مشاهد مختلفة تحاول الباحثة تفسيرها بعد تناولها بالوصف الدقيق للمشاهد المصورة والتى تقترح الباحثة أنها مشاهد أسطورية، وسوف تحاول الباحثة التعرف على ما إذا كانت تلك المشاهد تنتمى إلى أساطير بعينها أم أنها مجرد مشاهد تصور عناصر أسطورية دون الانتماء إلى أسطورة معينة، وذلك بالمقارنة والتحليل مع مشاهد مماثلة أو مشابهة إن وجدت. يتناول البحث مقترحات للأسباب التى أدت بالفنانين إلى تصوير مشاهد أسطورية على أوانٍ فخارية من المفترض أنها ترجع إلى فترة انتشار المسيحية فهل كان لبعضها علاقة أو رمزية لموضوعات أو عناصر مسيحية أم أن الدراسة وأسلوب تنفيذ تلك الموضوعات قد يوضح أنها كانت مجرد موروث قديم، كما يستهدف البحث التعرف علي ما إذا كانت تلك القطع محلية الصنع أم مستوردة. كلها تساؤلات سوف تحاول الباحثة الحصول على إجابات وافية عنها؟!. تبدأ هذه الدراسة بمقدمة ثم بتحليل المشاهد المصورة وتقنية الصناعة والزخارف وطرق التنفيذ وغيرها من عناصر التحليل بالعمل الفني على عدد من شقف الفخار غير المنشورة، يليها كتالوج القطع محل الدراسة وبعض الصور المقارنة. Representation of Some Mythological Scenes on Late Roman Pottery “A Study of Unpublished Sherds in the Educational Museum of the Faculty of Arts, Alexandria University” This research aims to study and publish some pottery sherds preserved in the Educational Museum of Antiquities at Faculty of Arts, Alexandria University, on which various scenes were depicted, which the researcher will try to describe, explain and date. The research deals with the reasons that the Byzantine artists depicted mythological scenes on their pottery. Moreover, did some of them have symbolism for Christianity, or were they just an ancient legacy? The study began with an introduction, technique, decorations and analytics for the depicted scenes.

The article describes the psychological reality of the characters in the story "The Coughing Couple", which is full of pain, emotion, and suffering from the epidemic. His characters use non-verbal language to express their feelings, which the author expresses in his own words to convey to the reader what his characters feel. The reason for choosing this topic is that it leads us to the same reality of psychological trauma that the COVID-19 pandemic currently affects all human societies on our planet. This psychological trauma is due to preventive social distancing and quarantine, which resulted in experience written transmitted in contemporary literary production.

ABSTRACTThe earth surface changes continuously due to the natural causes and ‎human activities. New generations of satellite sensors, such as WorldView and ‎GeoEye, provide new data to better delineate, track and visualise changes in land ‎cover. A number of classes are used in the satellite images. All artefacts with ‎elevations greater than the ground surface (buildings in particular) may appear in ‎a wrong location. The correction of buildings position is an important task for ‎mapping applications. The main aim of this study is to introduce a change ‎detection approach using very high resolution satellite images (VHR) for map ‎updating. In this approach, an approximated method for building relief ‎displacement correction was developed.‎In this paper, image preprocessing was carried out and information content ‎of the satellite image was evaluated. Then change detection between GeoEye-1 ‎image and Sohag map was carried out using post-classification comparison ‎technique. After that the change map result was divided into two classes: building ‎and non-building. All objects were transformed from raster to vector format. For ‎building objects, the height was estimated. A python code was written to calculate ‎relief displacement using buildings height and shadow length. The vector layer ‎was added to update the reference map. The results showed the ability of very ‎high-resolution satellites images for updating large scale maps in Egypt. Also, the ‎approximated method for building relief displacement correction is a promising ‎method. It has RMSE accuracy of 0.95m.‎

يعد غرب البنغال من أهم أقاليم الهند الشرقية التي تفردت بسماتها الخاصة في فن التصوير، فهذا الإقليم ذو الأغلبية المسلمة، انتشر به منذ قرون بعيدة فن تصوير شعبي عُرف باسم باتا البنغال، تميز باحتفاظه بالتقاليد الفنية المتوارثة وبعض التأثيرات الفنية من المدارس المعاصرة له كالمدرسة المغولية الهندية والأسلوب المبكر لمدرسة راجستان، وقد لاقى شعبية عند جميع فئات الشعب، حيث تميز بجانب كونه فنًا بصريًا بأنه مصحوب بأغان تروي القصة المصورة، فأصبح المشاهد يستمتع بفن التصوير والغناء في الوقت نفسه، وقد عُرف هذا النوع من اللوحات باسم جارانو باتا أو لفائف الباتا . West Bengal is one of the most Important Provinces of East India, Which was its own Special features in Indian Painting, and This region with a Muslim majority, There are distinct types of folk paintings in eastern India, Pata is a product of a traditional society, rooted in village based culture. It has been characterized by the retaining of inherited artistic traditions and some artistic influences from schools Contemporary it has the Indian Mughal School and the early style of Rajasthan School , and it has been popular with all segments of the people, It was distinguished by being a visual art as accompanied by songs that tell the storyboard, and know of Jarano pata or Scroll painting.

The treatment of lines and writings in a sophisticated concept comes to the consumer’s awareness of the linguistic writings in many ways. It is a text that reads but at the same time formal symmetries or visual elements that reflect from their treatment of meanings. The optimal use of written lines is to take advantage of the formative properties of letters in confirming meanings. There is no doubt that the topography is an essential formal element in the design of advertising that works to attract attention because of its formative aesthetics that make advertising full of vitality and movement, there is no doubt that unconventional patterns have the ability to achieve more than they achieve in their regular patterns, because typography is characterized by many aesthetics and visual effects If they are used for reading or for artistic purposes only, or for focusing on the idea of advertising, which is one of the most important elements that, if used in designing an advertisement, to achieve ad communication.The importance of dealing with the cultural difference in planning advertising campaigns is clear, as the topography as a champion in advertising design creates and creates advertising ideas that attract the attention of consumers, including indirect meanings, as it moves away from the familiar that raises boredom to the recipient and is characterized by novelty and strange in accordance with experiences and perceptions The consumer in this era to keep his attention as long as possible and raises his desire for knowledge and then activates his memory until the interactive communication process reaches a positive direction.There are many classifications of trends in the use of modern typography such as an effective typography that dramatically affects the consumer, kinetic typography that works to achieve the element of movement in the advertisement, and it attracts the attention of the consumer’s eye for the advertisement, and the three-dimensional typography that works to attract the consumer’s attention to the advertising message, and these modern directions achieve value Aesthetic for advertising with the communicative function; it holds innovative ideas for designing the typography as a key element in advertising design.

Introduction:Political advertising is one of the different and different forms of communication messages as a competing advertising message to two opposing parties in the political arena. This is evident in the presidential election campaigns in which each candidate seeks to demonstrate his political program and objectives using different means of communication, in order to achieve the primary goal of winning votes.At the beginning of the second decade of the twenty-first century, Egypt witnessed two revolutions that changed Egypt's political, economic and social form, the first on January 25, 2011, and the second on June 30, 2013. The main objective of the two revolutions was one; After the second revolution on June 30, 2013, Egypt moved to a new stage in its political, economic and social life, where it set a map for the future, including the amendment of the Egyptian constitution, and the holding of presidential elections, which was already in June 2014, and the third stage of this map Egypt's parliament is disappointed, and Egypt has completed a three-way map. The 2018 presidential elections are the fourth multi-presidential elections in the history of Egypt and the third presidential elections after the January 25 revolution.Research Objective:The research aims to study the political declaration in Egypt after the revolution of June 30, as it is the most important means of electoral propaganda in the presidential elections in light of the multiplicity of advertising messages for candidates in the elections of 2014 and 2018.Research problem:Political advertising is a form of advertising that may be almost unknown to many, despite its importance for a fundamental influence in changing the behavior and attitudes of voters.The research problem is summarized by answering the following questions:1. What is the importance of the political declaration during the Egyptian presidential elections?2. What are the elements of political advertising as a communication process aimed to influencing recipients?3. Is political advertising an advertising campaign or is it an independent concept?Research Methodology:The research follows the descriptive approach supported by an analytical study by describing and analyzing a selection of political declarations for the candidates for the presidential elections in Egypt in 2014/2018.

Communication is a process of exchange and interaction between a group of individuals in which the individual is exposed to various processes of communication, leading the individual to change some of his behaviors and even his attitudes, or support his beliefs, which inquires about the factors behind the success of some communication and make the desired impact or failure? Rhetoric, rhetoric and even communication are all words that signify the way words are spoken or express ideas in symbols. These words reflect a human desire to control persuasion since he exchanged ideas with others and tried to influence them and subjugate them to his thought.In the early 20th century, psychologists realized that ads that provoke an emotional response to the viewer are likely to lead to sales. Since then, branding and advertising agencies have always aspired to create attractive ads that trigger positive reactions in the viewer.Therefore, recent studies have resorted to the study of subconscious persuasion to convince the recipient of the advertisement, where it offers many of the illustrated and written symbols in the content of the advertising message, which affect the feelings and feelings of the recipient and the subconscious interpreted to reach persuasion to buy products and request services advertised advertising and may also change its attitudes and behavior.Research Objective:The research aims to shed light on the importance of studying the foundations and skills of persuasion as well as the study of the concept of unconscious and how to employ them to achieve the goals of advertising and influence the recipients unconsciously.Research problem:The research problem is summarized in the study of how to benefit from the methods and theories of persuasion in the field of advertising, and the study of the concept of unconscious and how to achieve in advertising by answering the following questions:1. What persuasive techniques can be used in the design of the advertising message?2. To what extent can the study of the unconsciousness of the audience be used when designing the ad?3. Can the attitudes and behavior of recipients be changed and influenced by the ad designer unconsciously? Methodology:The research follows the descriptive approach supported by an analytical study by describing and analyzing a selection of advertisements where persuasion is used to influence the recipient's feeling of persuading him / her about the advertised product or service.Key words:Persuasion - subconscious

Summary:-The present research deals with an analytical study of 19th century creative designs and the creative and artistic aspects of these designs and their components and components of the decoration and elements of the composition and analysis of the artistic elements and aesthetic values and sources of inspiration for the designs of printed fabrics and the most important factors that influenced its formation (geo-political and economic) in the period 1801-1900 .Introduction :-The historical study of the art of textile printing is a mirror of the plastic arts, illustrating the cultural progress of the peoples in different periods of time. It reflects the spirit of public culture and different historical styles, as well as the general taste and the aesthetic style.The 19th century arts in general, including the art of textile printing,Which is clearly influenced by all historical,social and cultural factors. The nineteenth century is a period of artistic, political and economic periods, because it involves a profound development in the history of European civilization,Entire water.Research problem:-How can the design and decorative features of nineteenth-century printed designs be identified in European countries, particularly England and France, between 1801-1900?Search Limits:-- Objective limitations: The research is limited to a historical study of the analytical design elements and aesthetic values of print designs in the nineteenth century in the European countries, especially England and France.- Temporal limits: The study is done on some of the printed designs in the period (1801-1900).Spatial boundaries: The study is limited to 19th-century printed designs produced in Europe particularly England and France.Research Methodology:-The research follows the methodology (descriptive, analytical and historical):- descriptive approach: in the study and description of artistic values and aesthetic designs of printed fabrics during the nineteenth century.Analytical Approach: Analyzing the technical elements and aesthetic values of printed fabrics during the nineteenth century in Europe, especially the states of England and France.- Historical approach: through the presentation and analysis of a set of print designs that were produced in the period (1801-1900) in some European countries,especially England and France.Research Importance:-- Establishes the current research of aesthetics studies in the design of the 19th century.- An analytical study of print designs in the nineteenth century to determine their decorative and formative characteristics.- Studying the emotional influences and various techniques related to printing designs during the nineteenth century in Europe

The ancient mosque of Derna city is one of the most prominent Islamic monuments in Libya, which is located in Al Belad district, in the center of the old city of Derna. It was constructed by Al Hajj Mohamed Bin Al Haj Mahmoud Bay Al Qurmanli in 1081 AH /1663 AD. He was born in Derna and was appointed “Mohamed Bay” as a governor of Derna and Benghazi in the late of the first Ottoman period (1081-1108 AH / 1670-1696AD).This mosque was named “The ancient mosque” because it is the oldest one in Derna city. It was also known as “The Bay Mosque” as it was constructed by “Mohamed Bay”. It was also named “The Great Mosque” because of its great space, size and grandeur in addition to being the city's largest monuments. In addition, it was named “Al Belad Mosque” because it was located at Al Belad district. This mosque is very important due to its grand space, its grandeur, its domes and its marble columns, and it can accommodate about 2,000 worshipers. It also reflects the durability of architecture, the accuracy of engineering and the beauty of Islamic architecture. Also, it represents a mixture between the architecture style of the Ottoman period and the local one; as it is a non-traditional mosque (with hallways without an atrium). This mosque has a rectangular area divided into seven arches and six vertical tiles parallel to the qibla wall. From the top, there are vertical semi-circular arches parallel to the qibla wall. The roof area is divided into forty-two square areas, each one is covered with a shallow dome (in the Aghlabian style), which is simple and completely devoid of any openings or decorations.The mosque includes a minaret located at the eastern end of the mosque's northern façade. It is a square-shaped base with an octagonal hull, followed by a corridor resulting from the retreat of the third floor of the minaret, which replaced the balcony so the muezzin can stand. This corridor was surrounded by the minaret palace, which is rectangular, with a pointed Ottoman summit like those of pointed Ottoman minarets (which likes the pencil), ending with the metal stand and the crescent. Inside, it was also found (a platform of soot wood), whose its sides were engraved with exquisite engravings.

This paper aimed to identify the impact of entrepreneurship strategies on achieving sustainable competitive advantage and any statistically significant differences in the level of achieving this advantage and in using entrepreneurship strategies which can be attributed to the company age and product type. To achieve these objectives, the descriptive analytical method was used. The study population was (16) very large companies for food industries consisting of (5416) participants. A sample of 359 participants was selected using the random stratified non-proportional method, and a questionnaire was used to collect the data. Results revealed that the companies pay attention to achieving the sustainable competitive advantage covering all its dimensions as well as to entrepreneurship strategies. There was also a significant difference in the impact of entrepreneurship strategies on sustainable competitive advantage based on the strategies. The most influential one was the dimension of proactiveness strategy, followed by the risk strategy dimension. There were also differences between the level of achieving sustainable competitive advantage according to the company age and product type and the level of applying entrepreneurship strategies according to company age. However, there was no difference in applying these strategies based on the product type. The study proposed a number of recommendations, including the need to enhance the level of achieving sustainable competitive advantage in all its dimensions, especially the efficiency dimension as it was the least achieved. It was also recommended to increase the use of entrepreneurship strategies for their positive impact on achieving the sustainable competitive advantage.

Numerical investigation has been performed in this work to evaluate the performance for triangular finned tube heat exchanger. In numerical work, the effect of space (2.5, 3 and 3.5 mm) distance between every two finned shaped and the volumetric flow rate on the heat transfer coefficient are examined consists of cold water loop, hot air loop and the test section which is a concentric parallel flow double pipe heat exchanger. Coldwater and hot air are used as working fluids in the tube side and shell side, respectively. water at Reynold's numbers ranging from (3019.892 to 8035.044 ) flows through the inner tube. The inlet cold water temperatures are (45, 35, 25 and15) oC respectively. Numerical simulation has been carried out on present heat exchanger to analyze both flow field and heat transfer using ANSYS, FLUENT15 computational fluid dynamic (CFD) package model. The finned tubes provide higher Nusselt numbers than the smooth tube. In the less pitch (p=2.5mm) compared with other pitch.

Successful construction projects should meet the planning and design objectives within budget and time constraints. Planning and scheduling for the construction projects and their resources are essential tasks for overall project success. Cash, in particular, is an important resource for construction companies. It is worth noting that while pricing bill of quantities in unit price contracts, the contractor might ignore the related cash flow which may be insufficient for contractor. Further, the resulted financial threats also might be ignored. Therefore, it is important for the contractor to have an overall optimized system to improve all financial aspects related to the contract. This paper presents a cash flow optimization model that aims at maximizing cumulative concurrent investment profit (CCIP) and minimizing maximum monthly overdrafts (OMax). The model utilizes Genetic Algorithms for optimization. The performance of the developed model is validated using an actual case study of "Beni Suef Power Station Project" located in Beni Suef, Egypt.

His research studies the role of Islamic Sharia Law in providing solutions and scientific initiatives, handling the environmental problems in order to achieve the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations. Through this research, we`ll focus on clarifying three main issues: The Islamic Sharia Law views of the environment, and the contemporary environmental issues in those cases like deficiency of natural resources, pollution, chemical disasters, desertification, energy, and atomic radiation. Finally, the research will clarify the Islamic Sharia Law position on environmental issues means and tools to achieve environmental sustainability. We have presented in this research scientific views and applications of Islamic Sharia law in the field of environment, and its applications to reduce environmental degradation and drain resources to serve as a guiding beacon in solving environmental problems, aiming to activate the religious scientific institutions to play their role in protecting the environment and giving the best solutions. We finalize our research by pointing out our conclusions and recommendations in the area of environmental sustainability as one of the goals of SDGs.

The Coronavirus pandemic, and the entailed measures taken by governments to limit its spread, have raised the question of what mechanisms the civil law can offer to establish a balance between the creditor's right to request a specific enforcement from one hand, and the debtor's right to ask for non-execution if the conditions become impossible or too burdensome on the other hand. Despite the important role of the Force Majeure and Emergency circumstances (Hardship) theories in offering a better solution to this problem, the in-depth study has proven that not only the Term theory (grace period) could play an equally important role, but it also can be a better solution to maintain the contractual relationship and balance between both creditor’s and debtor's rights. This study is divided into three chapters: The first presents the theory of emergency circumstances (hardship) as a mechanism to deal with the effects of the Coronavirus pandemic, the second addresses the theory of force majeure as a mechanism to deal with the effects of the pandemic and the third is dedicated to the theory of term as a mechanism to counter its effects.

Advertising message is the indispensable means of achieving linkage between producers and distributors on the one hand and consumers on the other. However, in order to fulfill its role, the advertising message is supposed to express truth and honesty about the characteristics of the advertised commodity or service. If the advertising message deviates from this principle, it falls under the framework of misleading and deception. and if it causes harm to whom it is addressed (whether contractor or not), the victim can claim compensation, either from the advertiser who provided the false information contained in the advertising message, or from the advertising agency that designed the message and deliberately included false and dishonest information. Based on that, and according to the comparative analytical method, we divided this research to three sections. The first one sheds light on the nature of the harmful advertising message and the parties responsible for its publication, and in the second one we talked about the civil liability of the advertising agency for the harmful advertising message. In the third section, we addressed the civil liability of the professional advertiser for the advertising harmful message.

نظرا لتكاليف الطاقة المتزايدة وزيادة الاهتمام بالبيئة أجريت دراسات كثيرة حول الأساليب المختلفة ولاسيما في مجال القطاع السكاني والزراعي ومن هذه الوسائل استخدام الطاقة الحرارية الأرضية . تعتبر المضخات الحرارية العاملة على مبدأ التربة ماء مرغوبة عندما تكون درجة الحرارة الخارجية معتدلة ولكن عندما تنخفض درجة الحرارية الخارجية كثيرا فان قيمة معامل أداء المضخة الحرارية تربة – ماء تبقى ثابتة عند قيم معينة لكل من فصل الصيف و الشتاء. بسبب التحديات الناتجة عن نضوب الوقود الإحفوري بالإضافة إلى الاحتباس الحراري كان من الضروري تحسين فعالية المضخة الحرارية تربة- ماء وذلك لتلبية احتياجات التدفئة والتكييف. تم في هذا البحث دراسة تأثير توضع الأنابيب على عمل المضخة الحرارية تربة- ماء عند عمق 2 متر وقياس درجة حرارة الدخول والخروج للماء في حالتي التكثيف والتبخير أي عندما تكون درجة حرارة الأرض أعلى أو اخفض من درجة حرارة دخول الماء. تم قياس درجة حرارة دخول وخروج الماء لمدة ثلاثة أشهر من عام 2020 وذلك بعد دفن الأنابيب في تربة طينية وتوزيعها ضمنها على طبقات مختلفة العمق يفصل بينها طبقة عازلة من التربة وألواح من الخشب(صمام عاكس يعمل عند التحويل من دارة التدفئة إلى دارة التبريد وذلك من خلال تحكمنا في جهة دخول الماء وخروجه) ومن ثم حساب كميات الحرارة المكتسبة في المبخر والمطروحة من المكثف وصولاً إلى تحديد معامل أداء المضخة الحرارية وجدنا بالمقارنة بين التجربتين عند نفس درجة الحرارة أن كمية الحرارة المطروحة في التربة تكون أكبر في حالة دخول الماء في الأنبوب بشكل متدرج في العمق وخروجه بشكل مباشر من الأنبوب بينما كانت كمية الحرارة الممتصة أكبر عند دخول الماء بالاتجاه العكسي.

هدفت الدراسة لمعرفة علاقة إدمان وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي بكل من الشعور بالوحدة النفسية وسمات القلق الاجتماعي لدى عينة من طلبة جامعة نجران (118) طالب وطالبة ، كما هدفت الدراسة لمعرفة الفروق بين الطلاب والطالبات في كل من إدمان وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي وسمات القلق الاجتماعي والشعور بالوحدة النفسية ،بالإضافة إلى معرفة منبئات إدمان وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي من خلال الشعور بالوحدة النفسية وسمات القلق الاجتماعي ، وقد استخدم الباحث مقياس إدمان وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي ومقياس الشعور بالوحدة النفسية ومقياس سمات القلق الاجتماعي ( إعداد الباحث) ، وقد اظهر معامل ارتباط بيرسون وجود علاقة موجبة ذات دلالة إحصائية بين إدمان وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي والشعور بالوحدة النفسية(0.363) عند مستوى دلالة (0.01) ، ووجدت علاقة موجبة ذات دلالة إحصائية بين إدمان وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي وسمات القلق الاجتماعي (0.318) عند مستوى دلالة ( 0.01) كما استخدم الباحث معامل الانحدار بطريقة stepwise والذي أظهر نموذجان، النموذج الأول الذي وضح أن الشعور بالوحدة النفسية ينبأ بإدمان وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي ، كما اظهر النموذج الثاني ان كل من الشعور بالوحدة النفسية وسمات القلق الاجتماعي ينبأن بإدمان وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي ، كما أشارت نتائج الدراسة إلى وجود فروقا ذات دلالة إحصائية بين عينة الطلاب وعينة الطالبات في كل من إدمان وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي وسمات القلق الاجتماعي في اتجاه الطالبات ، بالإضافة إلى انه لم توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين عينة الطلاب وعينة الطالبات في الشعور بالوحدة النفسية .

يطرح هذا البحث مشكلة ضمان السلامة في عقود السياحة والسفر، حيث يهدف السائح أو المسافر إلى الحصول على الترفيه والاستمتاع، ولكنّه من جانب آخر يجب أن يحظى برعاية وكالة السياحة على وجه تلتزم معه هذه الأخيرة بأن تضمن عودته إلى الجهة التي انطلق منها، سليمًا معافىً غير مصاب بأية أضرار على وجه الخصوص الأضرار البدنية. وقد تحرّينا هذه المسألة في كل من القانون القطري والقانون الفرنسي، وانتهينا إلى اقتراح أن يحذو كل من القضاء والتشريع القطري حذو التشريع والقضاء الفرنسي، في تأكيد قيام هذا الالتزام في العقود التي تبرمها شركات السياحة والسفر في دولة قطر.

إذا أراد الشفيع أن ينجح في الحصول على العقار المبيع بالشفعة فإنه يلتزم بإتباع إجراءات رسمها القانون ورتب على أي خلل فيها سقوط حق الشفيع في الأخذ بالشفعة. ويأتي في مقدمة هذه الإجراءات إعلان الشفيع رغبته في الأخذ بالشفعة. هذا الإجراء يثير عددًا من التساؤلات تتعلق بتحديد الميعاد الذي يجب على الشفيع أن يعلن رغبته فيه، والطريقة التي يجب أن تتبع في إعلان الرغبة كما يتعين بيان ما إذا كان إعلان الرغبة كافيًا لحماية الشفيع من تصرفات المشتري الواردة على العقار المشفوع فيه. وسوف نحاول من خلال هذا التعليق الإجابة عن تلك التساؤلات.

Muslims have excelled for centuries in the construction of an Islamic civilization, based on Islamic thought, based on the Koran and the Prophet's Prophet, meeting and diligence, but this thought has declined since the Renaissance, following the collision with the West. Hence, it was necessary to go back and look for the reasons for this decline, and to indicate the extent of its ability to renew and then return to take the role of civilization in the construction of this civilization. In this research, we have tried to explain the concept of Islamic thought and its surrounding topics, and then to explain the role of Islamic thought in the construction of Islamic civilization through some practical applications, and then conclude the study on how to innovate in Islamic thought and areas of renewal

Islamic civilization is one of the greatest human civilizations that has existed throughout the ages, and distinguished from others by its foundations and principles of material and spiritual constant. That civilization was concerned with man as its primary purpose, and therefore sought peace, security, the establishment of a virtuous society and the happiness of mankind. Islam, by its principles and values, was the source of inspiration for the development and prosperity of Islamic civilization. In this paper, we will present a brief description of the concept of civilization in general, and then the concept of Islamic civilization in particular, followed by the factors of its establishment, the foundations on which it was founded, its elements, its historical development, geography and prosperity factors and the different aspects of Islamic civilization. , In addition to shedding light on the family system in Islam as an effective system, it played a major role in the advancement of civilization, where the social stability of the marriage system reflected the other civilizational aspects of the Muslim society. The family is an important part of the base on which the Islamic community is based, so Islam gave it care and attention unless it was given by any other religious or social system. In order for the family to have an active role, it must be based on strong, durable and stable foundations, rooted in solid foundations, based on the Holy Quran and Sunnah.

In today's era, human rights are facing many challenges, which are reflected in the exercise of these rights by individuals, sometimes even to the extent that they are deprived of these rights by the provisions of the law, and even legislating laws that help them, which negatively affects the societies in which they live. The impact of the decline in the exercise of individuals' rights to the advancement of their societies, and the aggravation of social, economic and political problems In order to clarify the relationship between civilization and the extent to which human rights are exercised, we will clarify the concept of the truth, its characteristics, characteristics, classifications and sources, the relationship between civilization and human rights, human rights in ancient civilizations, Islam and its distinctive features. Violations in the field of human rights and recommendations to reduce such violations

Awqaf has had positive effects on the emergence of the Islamic civilization, especially in the urban renaissance. Awqaf contributed to the movement of building mosques, which is one of the pillars of Islamic urban civilization. Waqf also has other positive effects on the social and economic aspects of this distinguished civilization.

A serious concern nowadays is how the design of buildings internally and externally can utilize the natural ecological systems and adapt to the surrounding natural conditions functionally and aesthetically. In spite of the active role of architects to create many of the modern buildings that are emulating natures and inspired by organic shapes or using bio adaptive materials for reducing the embodied energy in buildings and for providing thermal comfortable, there is no clear conceptual basis for demonstrating a holistic connection of the interior design elements and the external physical conditions in their use of natural resources to not only consider the physical needs of the users but also to satisfy their spiritual needs. Islamic architecture as a concept has, from its inception, linked form and function to create a sense of ecological interior space, there is always a feeling of interweaving with the natural environment that was created based on a series of ecological-oriented principles. The aim of this research is to re-reflect the ecological values of Islamic architecture on the contemporary interior design elements which can affect the form and function of the space and interior elements. In addition to taking into account the concept of ecology in Islamic perception, this research will identify components of environmental and cultural aspects with contemporary methods.

یلقى البحث الضوء على الدراسة التحلیلیة للون و اثرها على الحالة النفسیة للمتلقى ، فالعمارة هى فن تشکیل الاسطح و الکتل بهدف ایجاد فراغات و تصمیمات جداریة تحقق الوظیفة النفعیة و الجمالیة فى تناسق و تناغم مع بعضها البعض، حیث ارتبطت الالوان بالعمارة منذ بدایة ظهور الحضارات الانسانیة المختلفة ، فالبحث یهتم بدراسة البعد النفسى للألوان فىتصمیم الفراغات الداخلیة من خلال التعرف على الخلفیة التاریخیة للألوان و أثرها عبر الحضارات المختلفة ، کما یهدف البحث الى الوصول الی خطط لونیة ذات منهجیة علمیة للمعالجات الجداریة طبقا لطبیعة ووظیفة المکان وذلک لتحقیق التوازن اللونى کوظیفة وشکل جمالى ولذلک جاءت مشکلة البحث للحد من استخدام الألوان بلا حدود وبلا ضوابط بدون الوعى الکامل لإستخداماتها والغرض من هذا الإستخدام الذى له مرجعیة سیکولوجیة محددة وذلک من خلال وضع حلول منهجیة فی تصمیم الفراغات المعماریة.

The article presents a model of literary criticism of Ayala in Picaresco's novel which is a kind of literary narrative that tells the lives of miserable vagrant and the name of the novel is (Lazarillo de Tormes. The reason for choosing the work of the study is to show a new and different aspect of Ayala's critical creativity and to mention the basic rules of the author in his critique of literary works which have a relation with the structural and formal frame of work . In this study we try to shed light on the most important points that highlighted in the criticism of Lazarillo de Tormes. The writer and literary critic Francisco Ayala is known for his comprehensive critique attitude which applied on his work and other authors, and according to researchers who showed interest in the study of his literary works, such as Professor Antonio Chicharro and Andres Amoros, that the author was following a very important criterion in his work as a critic which is the importance of apprehension and understanding the literary world and inhere he refers to the understanding of the reality or the history of literary work which makes it more understandable to readers.

Prices reflect the relative scarcity of resources in terms of planning is based under the free-market mechanisms for price and market signals as an essential mechanism in the allocation of resources and guidance system, Price is also working on consumer directed toward maximizing satisficing the resources available to them, which leads to maximizing the well-being of the community. The research problem is in direct government intervention in price policy, which may give rise to a variation in the local and indirect world prices lead to non-optimal utilization of the resources used in the production process, which affects the welfare of producers and consumers, as well as on government revenue and the outcome of the state foreign trade. research aims to identify the price differences between local and world prices resulting from price, The policies fish and by estimating the partial equilibrium model to examine the effect influence of the policies of government intervention at all stages of fish flow in the market, by measuring the efficiency of the product, the consumer, the community level, and measurement of well-being at the community level, as well as measurement of government revenues and this may help to measure the efficiency of these policies in achieving its objectives and examine the effects on producers, consumers and the overall economy. The results showed the following The average nominal protection for fish rate during the study period (1998-2013) amounted to 0.67 i.e. it is greater than zero, which means that the state supports the producers of fish by about at 67% in favor of the producers of fish on the expense of the consumer represented in the higher domestic price for the world price, The results indicate that the concern of the State on promoting fish producers to reduce the size of the gap and reduce the import of foreign currency into force. The study showed also that the expansion of fish production leads to increased foreign exchange earnings by reducing imports and reduce the food gap, where the maximum fish production reached amounted to 1372.0, 1454.4 during the years 2012.2013, respectively, while the maximum foreign exchange earnings reached a maximum in 2012, 2013 amounted to 27067.03. The results of the welfare check gains in producer excess as the average change in the product excess amounted to 3.1336 billion pounds, which reflects the impact of price policy applied, while under the negative values of consumer excess has been achieved loss in consumer surplus, bringing the average loss during the study period of about 5566.88 million pounds. Decline in consumer surplus was due to the local consumer bear the superiority of market forces and the presence of protectionist policy to support the product and taxing the consumer, leading to increased consumer spending as a result of the purchase of small quantities at high prices, leading to lower prices of consumer welfare.

This work is devoted to theoretical issues applied to the film The Mirror for the russian writer and director Tarkovsky. His work is considered a good example to study the relationship interartistic of arts in general and the visual culture of cinema in particular, where all the arts (music, painting, poetry and image) are grouped. The study includes an overview of the scenes of the film, and a structural analysis of some theoretical phenomena that show the relationship between both verbal arts (the poetic image) and visual (pictorial image - the film image), and how these arts are combined through the remedies that indicate events and references by the same ways, as ekphrasis, metaphor, synesthesia, metaimagen, etc. ... this seems to be prepare the film for the population, intensifying a certain mood or certain feelings.

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