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Saudi Law criminalizes forging of medical reports and certificates, and places it under crimes with light punishment in the penal law for forgery. Because of the wide spread commission of this crime among a category that should not be underrated, and the fact that a lot of people are ignorant of the legal consequence of being indicted for such an offence, it has become imperative to do a detailed research on this crime and to know the legal pillars of it and to evaluate the extent of adequacy of it light punishment in preventing its spread. The research aims at studying this crime according to Saudi Law and knowing the legal principles regulating its various aspects such as its meaning, pillars, legal consequence, and penalties. The researcher used the descriptive approach in reviewing the Saudi law, In addition to the analytical approach to the law articles related to the subject . The major research findings include: that the legal clauses criminalizing forging of medical reports and certificates did not differentiate between medical report and medical certificate. That the law equates the penalty of this crime for all professionals such as doctors, nurses, administrators in medical agencies and ordinary people. The research recommends the need for severe penalty in situation where the crime occurred with the knowledge of a general employee or in situation where the general employees commits this crime together with bribery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To sum up, many countries all over the world tend to activate their soft power to support their status and enhance their image with what present them positively to other communities. Therefore, the Korean government started to utilize its cultural activities, especially its musical and dramatic works through mass media. These works managed to fulfill billions of views through new visual mass media channels, especially yutube. As a result, this massive increase of views enhanced the expansion of local Korean culture, especially in 2010 because of the amazing progress of "K pop" music. This music has the ability to exceed the local audience and spread among international audiences. Another factor that helps to achieve this exceptional spread of this type of music is the unique technique of marketing which depends on emotional intelligence that aims at reaching followers in different ways. Since this type of music has a remarkable acceptance among Saudi youth, this study tries to investigate the degree of exposure to this type of Korean soft power among Saudi university students. The study also aims at uncovering the motives and the needs they satisfy through following the works of these musical bands and their members' personal news. The study also aims at finding the relationship between the students' standard of living and the degree of their simulation and imitation of these band members . More specifically, this study assures its results depending on the quantitative approach in scanning surveying students, the sample of study. By using surveys, the study will try to find any kind of cultural influence by observing their behaviors in certain situations related to cultural aspects and the degree of their exposure to the Korean culture. The study also tries to find whether Korean soft power intersects with the students' local cultures,identities and manners, keeping in mind this Korean culture "K pop" has become one of the most important tools that has been used on purpose by its original country to enhance its soft power or as it sometimes called " diplomacy or cultural attractivity". After surveying a sample of 334 students at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, the researcher has come to some certain results. 1-52% of the research sample follow the Korean culture ( musical bands and drama) and the majority of them belong to scientific majors with a percentage of 56%. 2- 54.8% of the research sample have been following the Korean musical band for three years or more and 63.8% of the sample have been following drama for three years or more. In addition, there are varied cognitive and emotional reasons that motivate Saudi youth to follow Korean culture and being influenced by it. 1- Following the Korean culture participates in knowing how to deal with other cultures. It also adds to their knowledge of the Korean language. 2- They also assume that following the Korean culture makes them closer to Eastern Asian communities. 3- Following the Korean musical bans and drama makes them happier and more optimistic. 4-It also makes them more eager to learn more about the Korean culture and change their previous opinions and beliefs about it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The manifestations of Iraqi civilization started in Andalusia since the days of Prince Abdul-Rahman Al-Awsat (206-238 AH/821-852AD). His reign witnessed a cultural transmition between Iraq and Andalusia. The prince left the policy of isolation with Iraq followed by the previous Umayyad princes. And, he opened the gates of Andalusia to Iraqi civilization. So, he imitated the Abbasid caliphs in their appearance and clothes and in concealing himself from the people in order to earn the signs of power and prestige. He was influenced by the cultural prosperity Baghdad was famous for. Thus, the people of Andalusia cope with the cultural development by adaptation, imitation and simulation. The Andalusian society turned into an organized civil society with a charming appearance, in which the immigrant Iraqi traditions were mixed with the Andalusian prevailing traditions. And an authentic Andalusian character emerged, which led to the emergence of luxury and welfare in Andalusian society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The forms of dealing with medicines and medical preparations is governed by legal rules. If the transaction becomes a violation of the law، then it constitutes a criminal behavior that deserves punishment، protecting the interest، the human right to the safety of his body and to preserve the national economy. Therefore، fraud and imitation of medicines and medical preparations are crimes that have specific criminal penalties in the comparative legislation and Iraqi legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The forms of dealing with medicines and medical preparations is governed by legal rules. If the transaction becomes a violation of the law، then it constitutes a criminal behavior that deserves punishment، protecting the interest، the human right to the safety of his body and to preserve the national economy. Therefore، fraud and imitation of medicines and medical preparations are crimes that have specific criminal penalties in the comparative legislation and Iraqi legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the scholars of Islamic jurisprudence discussed the importance of document and its strength as a mean of proof, they did not discuss the issue of forgery unless slightly compared with the scholars of law. This is due to its limited extension and uses in the period of times. And with the frequent use of them in our time, the debates have extended towards several circumstances either to attempt for or to deny a forgery. Therefore, this research is conducted to study the document falsification from the perspectives of Islamic Jurisprudence and Malaysian Law. It is also to explain the definition, procedure and methods to identify the crime and its punishment. The study used inductive and content analysis methods on previous scholars' opinions, discussions and explanation from two different legal institutions. This study found the following important results: The are many forms of forgery occur in this era and can be classified either as material or incorporeal fraud. Several implications have been issued against the forgery crime in the Malaysian Penal Code, such as imprisonment, lashes and fines. The Islamic jurisprudence and the Malaysian Evidence Act 1950 has established several methods to verify the validity of documents such as confession, testimony, expert opinion, and oath, but the opinion of the expert is the most important means in verifying the authenticity and originality of documents. This study also found that the Malaysian Evidence Law did not discuss the oath as a mean to verify documents. As analysed, the method to verify documents discussed in the books of jurisprudence is very different from that of the Malaysian Evidence Act 1950, which specifies the conditions of documents and the number of witnesses, but the law does not specify the number of witnesses and impose conditions only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]