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Background: Distribution of Tuberculosis (TB) has a special template affected by geographic and social factors. Nowadays Geographical Information System (GIS) software is one of the most important and useful epidemiologic devise for identifying geographic areas and high risk population for infection by TB. Aim of this study was assessment of Tuberculosis distribution by GIS in Khuzestan province, Iran. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, documents of 6363 TB patients identified in Khuzestan province at the beginning of 2005 until the end of the September of 2012 were assessed and sampling method was census. The data was gathered by TB-Register Center. TB incidence was evaluated by GIS maps according to climatic and vegetation with 1:25,000 scale. The data was analyzed in SPSS software and means plot and Independent's t-test, ANOVA with a significance level of less than 5% and Eta Correlation. Results: Spread of Tuberculosis in climatic and vegetation were plotted in GIS maps, cumulative incidence rate was calculated separately for each area. There was a statistical significant relationship between cumulative incidence rate of disease and climatic (P=0.017) and the Eta correlation coefficient was 0.379 (P=0.011). There was a statistical significant relationship between cumulative incidence rate of TB and vegetation (P=0.004) and the Eta correlation coefficient was 0.388 (P=0.188). Mean age and median age of patients were 39.3±18 and 35±6.5 years respectively. For women, mean age was 2.1 years older than men and this difference was statistically significant. (P=0.0001). Conclusion: The risk of TB infection is closely associated with the climatic and vegetation. So the risk of TB in extra-dry climate and vegetation of highland meadows is more than other areas. Special care and services to high-risk areas is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aim: Limitation of fluid intake in parturient can affect uterine contractions. Several studies have been conducted on the effect of hydration in labor progress and reported different results. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of over IV hydration on duration of labor and outcome of pregnancy in parturient women. Methods & Materials: In this randomized clinical trial, 120 nulliparous women admitted to Ilam Mustafa Hospital were selected from February 2010 to December 2010. All participants had noncomplicated singleton pregnancies and were randomly assigned in four groups. The first group received usual care; while the second to fourth groups received lactated ringers at 60, 120 and 240 ml per hour (IV fluid groups), respectively throughout active labor phase. All women had unrestrictedly access to oral fluids. The analysis was done using the ANOVA and Chi-squared tests in the SPSS-16. The p-value less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results: Key variables known to affect labor outcomes were statistically similar in all groups. The mean duration of active phase of labor was lower in the intervention groups in comparison with the control group. All groups had significant differences in the duration of second stage of labor, Oxytocin augmentation, and prolonged labor. There was a trend toward a lower frequency of the Cesarean deliveries in the 240 ml group; however it was not significant. There was no significant difference in the Apgar scores between groups. Conclusion: Over IV hydration reduced duration of labor. There were no reports of poor outcomes for mother and infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]