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اتجهت الجغرافيا الحديثة نحو الجانب التطبيقي، ولم تعد قاصرةً على الجانب النظري الأكاديمي، إذ أصبحت تسهم بجانب كبير في حل المشكلات المكانية التي تواجه السكان. وتركِّز الدراسة على استخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية (Gis) في دراسة خصائص التوزيع المكانى لمحطات الوقود ونمط توزيعها، وتقيِّم كفاءة توزيعها، مع التركيز على دراسة علاقة توزيع محطات الوقود بالسكان والمباني وشبكة الطرق ومساحة محطات الوقود، بجانب اقتصاديات محطات الوقود بالمحافظة، ثم التوزيع المكاني الأمثل لمحطات الوقود بمحافظة السويس. واعتمدت الدراسة على استخدام المنهج الموضوعي والإقليمى والتاريخي والتطبيقي والتحليلي والسلوكي، لمعرفة خصائص المتردِّدين على محطات الوقود بمحافظة السويس، علاوة على استخدام الأساليب الكميَّة، في تحليل ومعالجة الجداول والبيانات، وتم استخدام برنامج التحليل الإحصائي (Spss) في حساب الارتباطات والتحليل الاحصائي، بجانب استخدام الأسلوب الكارتوجرافي، واستخدام برامج نظم المعلومات الجغرافية في إنشاء خرائط البحث، وأخيرًا خلصت الدراسة إلى عدد من النتائج والتوصيات أهمها ضرورة إعادة توزيع محطات الوقود بكفاءة على مستوى أقسام محافظة السويس.AbstractModern geography has moved towards the applied side and is no longer limited to the academic theoretical side as it contributes greatly to solving the spatial problems facing the population. This study focuses on the use of geographic information systems (GIS) to investigate the characteristics of the spatial distribution of gas stations and their distribution pattern and evaluate the efficiency of their distribution, with an emphasis on studying the relation of gas station distribution to population, buildings, the road network, and the space of gas stations. Moreover, it studies the economics of gas stations in Suez governorate and the optimal spatial distribution for gas Stations in the same Governorate. The study relies on the use of objective, regional, historical, applied, analytical and behavioral approaches to recognize the characteristics of those who frequent gas stations in Suez Governorate. It also depends on the use of quantitative methods in analyzing and processing tables and data, and the statistical analysis program (SPSS) is used to calculate correlations and statistical analysis. Furthermore, it employs the cartographic method and geographic information systems programs in creating research maps. Finally, the study concludes with anumber of results and recommendations; the most important of which is the necessity of efficiently redistributing gas stations at the level of the districts of the Suez Governorate..

Research included the most important sugars are beet sugar and cane sugar, and edible oils group, which included soybean oil, sunflower oil, maize oil, and hydrogenated oils. The aim of the research was to identify the current situation and the future vision for them. The problem of the research was to determine the amount of production and consumption and predict them, and the average amounted to annual quantities of sugar produced and consumed are about 1.86 and 2.45 thousand tons, and the annual geometric average of the self-sufficiency rate reached 76.91%. It is expected that the total amount of sugar production will reach about 2.98, 3.07, 3.15, and 3.23 million tons in the years 2024, 2025, 2026, and 2027. Its total consumption amounts to about 3.93, 4.04, 4.14, and 4.25 million tons for the same years in a row, with a self-sufficiency rate representing about 75.97%, 75.98%, 75.98%, and 75.98% for the same years, respectively. Current status of the most important oils in Egypt, which are soybean oil and rotary oil. Sun, maize oil, frozen oils, and the total amount of oils in Egypt for the period (2000-2021) showed that the geometric average of the selfsufficiency rate is about 40.89%, 13.90%, 32.03%, 111.83%, and 63.48%, respectively, and it was expected for the years (2024 -2027). It is expected that the rate of self-sufficiency in soybean oil will reach about 66.81%, 67.68%, 68.51%, 69.29% in the years 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027, sunflower oils are about 2.54%, 2.10%, 1.70%, and 1.31% for the same year, respectively, and maize oils are about 12.41%, 11.09%, 9.82%, 8.58%, and 7.38% for the same year, respectively. Perhaps the oils are heading toward 120.07%, 120.58%, 121.05%, 121.51%, and 121.94% for the same year, respectively. It is expected that the self-sufficiency rate of total oils will reach about 70.31%, 70.51%, 70.70%, 70.88%, and 71.04% for the same years, respectively [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing is the property of Research & Development of Human Recourses Center (REMAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The elements of space have an important role in the formation of thermal comfort within the urban space and the formation of a visual image of it. Therefore, the study aims to determine the elements of urban space and the effect of each element on thermal comfort and the formation of an appropriate thermal image for it using various practical experiments, in addition to studying the role of trees in thermal performance and creating a suitable climate for it and knowing the best raw materials for use within the urban space. This study relied on the use of the experimental method by conducting an experiment in the city of Alexandria (Muhammad Naguib Square) to find out the effect of the different materials used in the voids on their thermal performance. The experimental phase was carried out using Design builder, a simulation engine that uses Energy Plus, and many passive cooling solutions were tested in the reference building through testing the types of materials for glass and walls proposed to be used, through which appropriate thermal and visual comfort can be achieved in the urban space ,the cooling energy used in the reference building can be reduced by 60%. Furthermore, the study demonstrates the potential of the design options examined by calculating the amount of thermal comfort that each alternative might achieve.

Context and Purpose: The purpose of this research is the sociological study of women's shopping behavior in large stores in the coastal and tourist cities of Mazandaran. The views of Giddens, Veblen, Simmel, and Weber were chosen as the theoretical framework Design/methodology/approach: The research method is a survey and the unit of analysis is the respondent (women over 15 years old). The sampling method is a multi-stage cluster and the sample size is 384 according to Cochran's formula. The tool for data collection is a researcher-made questionnaire Findings: The findings show that there is a positive and direct relationship between the variables of the use of mass communication tools, globalization, religiosity, consumption values, age, and the degree of relative deprivation with the degree of women's shopping behavior. There is a significant negative and inverse relationship between education and social class with the amount of purchasing behavior. Moreover, there is no significant relationship between the amount of education and change in the style of covering Conclusion: The results of the average comparison test show that there is a significant difference between the amount of shopping behavior of women according to the city of residence and marital status. The amount of shopping among young married women is more than single women. Regression analysis shows that 50.7% of the changes in women's shopping behavior are related to independent variables. The most explanation of the variance and changes of the dependent variable of women's shopping behavior respectively belonged to the variables of consumption values and social identity Originality/value: This research is the first study that investigates the shopping of women tourists in the tourist areas of Mazandaran province [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context and purpose: In the situation of responsible consumption, the tourist considers the impact of consumption behavior on the environment, economy, society, and culture of the destination, and consciously maximizes positive effects and minimizes negative effects. Considering the importance of responsible consumption, especially the importance of this type of behavior among tourists, the present research has tried to provide a sociological analysis of responsible consumption with an emphasis on Bourdieu's theory. Design/methodology/approach: This research was done with an emphasis on a quantitative approach and focusing on survey strategy. The statistical population of this study was tourists visiting tourist places in Mazandaran province. The research information was collected through a questionnaire from 385 tourists using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Findings: The results of the research show the impact of various types of social, economic, cultural, and symbolic capital on the responsible consumption behavior of tourists. The capital structure (with 4 dimensions) has had a direct and positive effect (Beta = 0.76) on the responsible behavior of tourists. In fact, with the increase in the capital level of tourists, their consumption will also become more responsible. Also, the capital structure (with 4 dimensions) has been able to explain 57% of the dependent variable (responsible consumption). Conclusions and suggestions: Among the dimensions of capital, cultural capital has played the most important role in responsible consumption among tourists. Therefore, the design of cultural policies to promote the responsibility of consumer behavior, especially among tourists, is of great importance. Originality/value: Based on the research findings, culture is an important factor in the discussion of the tourist's buying or consumption behavior. In fact, in addition to influencing the buyer's personal and psychological characteristics, culture also affects the buyer's decision-making process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Scientific Journal of Agricultural Sciences (SJAS) is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Fruit crops in Libya, including olive, are distinguished by their importance as a source of income for Libyan farmers. Most of them are cash crops with high returns compared to other crops on the farm. Olives are considered one of the main crops in Libya because they contain beneficial nutrients for the body, such as fats and vitamins, and their fruits are eaten fresh after pickling them. Or they are pressed to extract nutrient-rich olive oil. The average production of the olive crop reached about 132.4 thousand tons during the average period (2000-2004), increasing to about 173.7 thousand tons during the period (2017-2021), with an increase of about 31.2% compared to the first period. Despite the increase in total olive production during the previous two periods, productivity per hectare decreased from about 1.28 tons per hectare on average for the period (2000-2004) to about 0.61 tons per hectare on average for the period (2017-2021), with a decrease rate of about 52.3% compared to the first period. So, the interest was studying the factors that led to the fluctuation of hectare productivity from year to other in the study area in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, despite the increase in the area allocated for olive cultivation across Libya, which required studying the production and marketing problems of the olive crop from the point of view of the respondents and the proposed solutions to those problems. . This research mainly aimed to study some of the economic aspects of the olive crop in Libya through economic analysis of the food gap and Libyan food security from olives through studying several sub-objectives, which were: Estimating general temporal trend models for some economic indicators of olives in Libya during the period (2000-2021), studying the most important indicators of Libyan food security for olives, estimating the size of the olive food gap and knowing the most important factors responsible for it, and studying the production and marketing problems facing olive farmers and the solutions proposed from their point of view, through a questionnaire designed for this purpose for a simple random sample of olive farmers in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar region in Libya during the year 2022.This research depends on both descriptive and quantitative analysis methods, represented in estimating some trend models for the economic variables under investigation in their linear and semi-logarithmic form in the dependent variable to calculate annual growth rates for those variables. The multiple regression analysis method was also used to find out the most important factors responsible for the size of the olive gap, and some economic indicators were used to measure the impact of factors affecting the Libyan food security factor from olives.The research depends on published secondary data issued by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and primary data from a simple random sample of some olive producers in Al Jabal Akhdar region prepared for the purpose of the study. Some research, scientific theses, and some foreign references related to the research topic were also used, in addition to using the international Internet to obtain information related to the research.It was shown from the results obtained that some of the research variables took a general, statistically significant, upward trend at the usual probability levels of significance (0.05, 0.01), such as national consumption of olives and daily local consumption, and some of them took a general, statistically significant, decreasing trend, such as individual consumption of olives, as well as statistical significance was not found for the variables of local olive production, self-sufficiency rate, and daily consumption coverage period at any of the usual levels of significance, while annual growth rates differed, as is evident from the research.In light of the results revealed by the research, it recommends the following:1- Agricultural methods and crop service operations should be improved, and global experiences in this field should be utilized to raise the productivity levels of fruit-bearing olive trees, vertically expand production levels, and work to provide the necessary facilities to provide refrigerated warehouses near production places to preserve it and reduce the flow of production to markets during the season.2 - The responsible authorities must develop an appropriate marketing mechanism to benefit from the added value of olives.3- Guiding producers to pay attention to olive production processes so that productivity per hectare can be increased.4 - Encouraging farmers and urging them to pay attention to marketing services such as sorting, grading and packing, which work to improve the specifications of the final product so that the olive crop can be marketed at the best prices.5- Increasing investments directed to industrialization by directing part of the appropriations allocated for import operations to increasing the quality of agricultural production.6- The need to pay attention to performing agricultural operations on time in order to increase the productivity of the hectare.7- The need to intensify the efforts of agricultural extension and agricultural research centers, in cooperation with factory engineers, agricultural departments, and agricultural supervisors, to educate farmers about the importance of resisting pests and diseases that affect the crop, and to help them obtain the necessary pesticides that are not harmful to the environment.8- Raising the productive efficiency of the olive crop by disseminating high-yielding varieties that are suitable for each administrative center in Libya. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Sharia & Law is the property of United Arab Emirates University, College of Law, Sharia & Law Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dairy and its products are considered basic food sources, which play an important role in food security because they contain high levels of the main nutrients that the body needs in building it from proteins, fats, sugars, minerals and vitamins. It is also an important source of animal protein on which many food industries are based. The amount of dairy production in Egypt is about 5675 tons, and its value is estimated at about 297.94billionpounds, representing about 23.8% of the value of animal production, as an average for the period )2008-2021(, and the total amount of dairy production in Fayoumgovernorate was about 12869.7 Tons, with an estimated value of about 33.787 thousand pounds, as an average for the period )2010-2021(. Despite the importance of milk, it was noted that there was a lack of use of modern technology in the field of production and a large reliance on traditional production methods. The study aimed to shed light on the current situation of milk production and consumption, and to estimate the economic efficiency of milk under the prevailing technological conditions in Fayoum Governorate, the standard estimate of the production and cost functions of dairy farms to determine the productive and economic efficiency in milk production in Fayoum Governorate. The research method of the study relied on the use of descriptive and quantitative statistical analysis methods in order to reach the objectives of the study. We study concluded that dairy production in Egypt depends in Egypt in general and Fayoum Governorate in particular on cows and buffaloes. And through the indicators of efficiency for milk production, the advantage of the first category of technological farms emerged, as it achieved the highest return on the invested pound and the highest relative profitability, compared to the three categories )lean cow category in the sample of traditional farms, the category of buffalo milk in the sample of traditional farms, the first category of technological farms(. By examining the most important indicators of the economic efficiency of producing a ton of milK for the first category of technological farms, it turns out that the total margin per ton of milk amounted to about 6456.5 pounds, while the average net return per ton of milk is estimated at 5724 pounds, and with regard to the average return on the invested pound, it is clear from the table It amounts to about 1.085 pounds, while the ratio of total variable costs to total revenue amounted to 41.3%, while the added value of a ton of milk annually amounts to about 6035.4 pounds. As for the most important indicators of the economic efficiency of the resources used in the production of a ton of milk for the second category of technology farms, it was found that the total margin per ton of milk amounted to about 5202.5pounds, while the average net return per ton of milk was estimated at 4497.9 pounds, and with regard to the average return on the invested pound It appears from the table that it amounts to about 0.817 pounds. While the ratio of the total variable costs to the total revenue amounted to 47.9%, while the added value of a ton of milk annually amounted to about 5095.4 pounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study deals with the government purchases multiplier in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and utilizing the annual time series data from 1970 to 2021. It aims to apply econometrics techniques on the government purchases data. It also aims to measure the government purchases multiplier, test the relationship between income and consumption, assess the impact of government purchases on the income and examine the work of the government purchases multiplier. The study adopts descriptive analytical methodology and econometrics approach for building, estimating and testing the models. The results reveal that the government purchases have a significant and direct effect on the income. Moreover, the increase in government purchases by one Riyal causes an increase in the income by 79 Halalas. In additional, the income has a significant effect on the consumption, and the increase in the income by one Riyal causes an increase in consumption by 27 Halalas. The estimated value of the government purchases multiplier equals 0.95. Finally, the government purchases do not contribute in multiplying the income. Consequently, the study recommends the decreasing of the proportional tax and the substitution of imports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Economics & Social Sciences is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

AVM’ler, Türkiye’nin hemen her şehrinde bulunan, bireylerin yoğun olarak tercih ettiği, içerisinde kalabalıkların oluştuğu, modern yaşamın önemli sosyal ve tüketim mekânları arasında yer almaktadır. Bu mekânlar modern yaşamın pek çok unsuruna ev sahipliği yapmasıyla yaşam merkezi ve modern dünyanın birçok nimetini tüketicilere sunmasıyla da cazibe merkezi haline gelmiştir. Modern yaşamın unsurlarını kompleks bir bütün şeklinde sunan bu mekânlar, bireyleri ve toplumları yönlendirme ve etkileme gücüne sahip olup bireylerin tercihlerinde ve karar verme süreçlerinde etkili rollere sahiptir. Bireylerin sosyal dünyalarını, insanlar arası ilişkilerini, tüketim, ihtiyaç, statü, kimlik, boş zaman değerlendirme, eğlence, zaman ve mekân gibi birçok kavrama yükledikleri anlamları değiştiren AVM’ler, farklı tür kültürel biçimler, cemaatsel formlar, simgesel kodlar ve anlam evrenleri üretmektedirler. Bu mekânların içerisinde oluşan kalabalıklardan, sahip olduğu niteliklerden ve sosyal derinliklerinden ötürü bilimsel araştırma ihtiyacı ve sosyal yaşama ilişkin bilimsel nitelikli bir analiz yapabilme imkânı ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu mekânların günümüz sosyal yaşamındaki konumundan ve rollerinden yola çıkan bu araştırmanın problemi tüketicilerin bu mekânlara ne tür sosyal, sembolik, imgesel ve metaforik anlamlar yüklediğidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, AVM’lere giden bireylerin bu merkeze yükledikleri farklı anlamları keşfetmek ve bireylerin bu mekânlarda tecrübe ettiği deneyimlerindeki anlamın özünü fenomenolojik sosyolojik bir yaklaşımla ortaya koymaktır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’deki şehirlerde sayıları her geçen gün artan ve kent hayatında önemli bir sosyal konumu olan AVM’leri, tüketici söyleminden hareketle anlamayı amaç edinmiştir. Araştırma ayrıca günümüz tüketim toplumlarına AVM’ler üzerinden sosyal bilimsel bir yaklaşım sunmayı hedeflemektedir.AVM’lerin pek çok paramatere üzerinden okunabilen mekânlar olmasından dolayı literatüre bakıldığında pek çok alanda AVM’lere ilişkin çeşitli çalışmalara rastlanmaktadır. AVM’lere yönelik sosyoloji alanında yapılan çalışmalarda ise bu mekânlar; kamusal mekân, kentsel mekân, boş zaman değerlendirme mekânı, kimlik oluşturma mekânı ve tüketim mekânı olarak ele alınmaktadır. Bununla birlikte araştırmamızla ilişkili olan tüketim-AVM ilişkisi konusunda çeşitli çalışmalar bulunmasına rağmen doğrudan AVM kullanıcılarının bu mekânlara yükledikleri anlamları fenomenolojik desenle inceleyen bir araştırmaya literatürde rastlanmamıştır. Çalışmamız, din sosyolojisi alanındaki ilk çalışma olmasıyla özgündür. Araştırmamız AVM’lere tüketicilerin yükledikleri anlamları sistematik bir şekilde ortaya koymasıyla, bunu doğrudan tüketicilerin bakış açısından hareketle gerçekleştirmesiyle, hem tüketimin sosyal gerçekliğine hem de günümüz toplumlarının sosyal bilimsel gerçekliğine katkı sunmasıyla, sosyoloji ve din sosyolojisi alanlarındaki boşluğu doldurmasıyla ve yeni araştırmalara rehberlik etmesi açısından önem taşımaktadır.Araştırmanın problem durumuna ve amacına uygun şekilde araştırma yöntemi olarak nitel yöntem, araştırmanın deseni olarak ise fenomenolojik araştırma deseni seçilmiştir. Fenomenolojik desen yoluyla tüketicilerin AVM’lere hangi anlamları yükledikleri ve mekân içerisindeki deneyimlerini nasıl yorumladıkları tüketicilerin kendi bakış açılarından hareketle anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırmada çalışma grubu maksimum çeşitlilik örneklemi yoluyla seçilen farklı sosyo-demografik özelliklere sahip 20 katılımcı ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formuna dayalı derinlemesine görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler fenomenolojik çözümleme tekniğinin aşamaları temel alınarak içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Yapılan görüşmeler, önce transkript edilmiş ardından birkaç kez okunarak gözden geçirilmiş sonrasında odak fenomen çerçevesinde anlam birimlerine ayrıştırılmıştır. Kodlanan veriler, ortak öze yoğunlaşarak önce kategoriler sonra ortak temalar çerçevesinde bir araya getirilmiştir. Sonrasında anlam birimleri ilişkilendirilip karşılaştırılmış ve fenomenin genel bir yorumunu sunacak şekilde sentezlendikten sonra veriler fenomenolojik sosyolojik bağlam çerçevesinde okunmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda AVM’lerin farklı bağlamlarda yorumlandığı görülmüş ve ulaşılan temalar “tüketimin panoraması” ve “hiyerofaninin panoraması”ndan kesitler şeklinde iki temel tema altında sunulmuştur.

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Copyright of Accounting & Financial Studies Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Holy Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet are full of directives and controls that regulate consumption in contemporary societies, whether this consumption is individual or collective. At the same time, it guarantees the excellent use and disposal of money or available economic resources, so it is not permissible to waste or spend it on what is useless. Otherwise, the person becomes - with this behavior - an imbecile that requires a ban on him to prevent him from illegally spending his money, as Islam is keen. In refining human economic behavior and consumption spending, there is no extravagance or restriction, but rather moderation and mediation, and this matter is a restriction in spending that prevents excess and negligence that ultimately lead to poverty and need. Scarcity and squandering resources without benefit are both rejected in Islam and do not achieve the meaning of complete servitude to God Almighty, and moderation and moderation in spending are commanded by man. , which is consistent with the economic priorities of Muslim societies. Believing in the duty to contribute to revealing some aspects of Islam in the field of consumption, the investigator made this modest attempt to show that Islam possesses controls and restrictions that enable it to regulate consumption and control the trends of demand among Muslims in a way that leads to preserving available resources and raising the efficiency of their use in contemporary societies.

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Copyright of Revue Académique des Études Sociales et Humaines is the property of Hassif Benbouali University of Chlef and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Economic Administrative & Legal Sciences is the property of Arab Journal of Sciences & Research Publishing (AJSRP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research aimed to explore the current situation of the food gap and the food security of poultry meat in the Kingdom, based on secondary published data by the food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, the General Authority for statistics, the Arab Organization for Agricultural Development (AOAD), and the international information Network. The results indicated a decline in self-sufficiency at a statistically significant annual rate of about 1.5%, representing about 2.9% of the annual average self-sufficiency rate during the study period. This is consistent with the economic logic in terms of increasing the volume of imports at a rate that exceeds 6.3% annually and exceeds the rate of consumption growth (4.43%) over the rate of growth of domestic production (1.73%). The apparent gap increased at an annual statistically significant rate of about 38.5 thousand tons, representing about 7.1% of the annual average gap estimated at around 543.8 thousand tons. It was also found that the most influential factors on the self-sufficiency ratio of poultry meat were the number of imports and the domestic production. Therefore, the strategic stock of poultry meat was estimated at around 621.4 thousand tons, which is sufficient for local consumption for about 7 months, while the value of the food security factor was about 0.58, reflecting the existence of relative food security of poultry meat in the Kingdom. The results of the study also showed the size of the additional loans and investments needed to achieve self-sufficiency and food security for poultry meat in the Kingdom in line with the National Transformation Program and the Kingdom's Vision 2030. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Alustath is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Muthanna Journal of Administrative & Economics Sciences is the property of Muthanna Journal of Administrative & Economics Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is worth mentioning that the shareholding company is based on the capital provided by the partners because it represents the sole and actual guarantee for the company's creditors. The company resorted to the consumption of its capital shares provided that it does not affect its stability and the difference between the classes of shares, all of which are expendable and that the company does not consume its shares except in cases where it is permitted .The issuance of shares shall be in favor of the shares that have consumed their nominal shares. Consumption is an accelerated response to the share of the shareholder in the company's capital. It is an exceptional process and an order that is likely to be accepted or rejected according to the activity of the company. If the Company's assets are consumed by use and will expire over time or the Company has a concession and to achieve , it shall be accompanied by fulfillment of conditions, including to be stipulated in the Articles of Association of the Company and its value paid from profits or distributable reserves. The shareholder has the right to attend meetings, vote and participate in the administration.

The approach adopted for the assessment of Kodiat Rosfa dam water quality, through the respective indexes WQI and IWQI, allowed to highlight the quality of its waters for the intended uses. Indeed, the physicochemical analyzes of the months of February, March, July and December, corresponding to the monthly precipitation and regularized volumes of 2013, 2014, 2015 selected, revealed that 08 samples out of 12 have a WQI within 50 to 100, and 04 samples with WQI lower than 50. This classified the dam waters as good to excellent for consumption. Nevertheless, the results of IWQI index used to assess the quality of dam water Kodiat Rosfa for irrigation show that 7 samples out of 12 present an IWQI within 55 to 70 and 5 samples with IWQI lower than 55. These waters are characterized by moderate (MR) to high (HR) restriction.

The research mainly aimed to identify the expenditure patterns on the main spending groups specially the food groups in the agricultural sector, and compare it with the expenditure patterns on the non-agricultural sectors, and the changes that occurred in the consumption expenditure patterns as a result of political and economic changes and their effect on changes in the standard of living in the agricultural sector, manufacturing industries, and services. The average percentage of individual spending on the food group in sectors under study takes nearly half of the annual individual spending percentage on the main spending groups in Egypt, it was also shown the decrease of income distribution equality with current values in the agricultural sector compared with the manufacturing and services sectors during the study period, but in the case of excluding the impact of inflation on wages, it was found increasing income equality with real values was achieved in the agricultural sector as well as the service sector, and decreasing in the manufacturing sector. According to parity purchasing power which keep worker at the same standard of living in the agricultural sector about 58,54 thousand pounds/year, or 4878 pounds/ month and about 62,10 thousand pounds/year, or 5175 pounds/month in manufacturing sector, while in the service sector is about 80,52 thousand pounds/ year, or 6710 pounds / month during the period (2011-2019). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Idafat : Arab Journal of Sociology is the property of Centre for Arab Unity Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

All economic systems encourage judicious and fair use of money The overt materialization spurs economic activity (getting and spending)leading to an imbalanced unnecessary expenditure upon luxury items and alike.This paper delineates Islamic perspective of earning and spending in the light of Islamic teachings. Islam gives clear guidelines with categories, limitations and proper heads of expenditures. Further it encourages rational use of money and shuns extravagance. This study is based on the analysis of secondary sources to bring forth Islamic view of spending money.

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Economics & Social Sciences is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Anbar University Journal of Economic & Administration Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Iranian Journal of Range & Desert Research is the property of Research Institute of Forests & Rangelands and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The problem of fish food security is represented in insufficient strategic stocks of fish, especially in light of the increasing demand for fish, and lower production than consumption. The research mainly targeted the study of the situation of fish food security in Egypt, in addition to a set of sub-goals, which are the most important that the estimation of both the strategic stock of fish and fish food security coefficient in Egypt, studying of the most important factors affecting fish food security, studying of future expectations for fish food security, This is in addition to studying the problems that Obstruct the continued increase in fish production. The research relied on achieving goals on the use of qualitative statistical methods and economic equations for estimating both strategic stocks and security coefficient for fish. As Quantitative statistical methods were used, which are represented in using the simple and multiple regression method to estimate the functions of consumption, production, import and export of Egyptian fish, as well as food security coefficient in order to determine the most important variables that affect it by building an econometric model that explains the determinants of food security of fish. The double logarithmic model was the best model used in terms of economic logic and statistical significance, and Autoregressive and Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was used to forecast production, consumption, imports and food security coefficients for fish until 2025. In addition to using the statistical method, One-way Anova- Analysis of Variance, to test the differences between a number of independent groups that represent problems that impede the continued increase in fish production, as well as the use of the least significant difference method (L.S.D) to arrange the elements of each problem. By estimating the growth rate of fish production and consumption, the fish food gap and the average per capita share, it was found that the growth rate of each of them took an increasing general trend during the study period, where the annual growth rate is estimated at 5.4%, 4.9%, 2.8%, and 2.7% for each of them, respectively. It was also found that the quantity of the surplus in fish attained about 0.9 thousand tons on average during the study period, and this surplus is very small, not enough consumption per day. It is also clear that the fish food security coefficient reached about 0.00073 on average during the period (20002018) and this indicates a decrease in the fish food security rate. The forecast values of the fish food security coefficient have shown that the fish food security coefficient tends to decrease from about 0.00076 in 2019 to about 0.00073 in 2025. And by studying the most important variables that affect fish food security in Egypt through the three basic functions, which are the fish demand function, the fish supply function, and the fish food security coefficient function, of the Simultaneous model, according to the economic logic and statistical significance, Increase in both national income (x13), imports of fish (Y3t), local production of fish (Y1t) by 1%, the food security coefficient of fish increases by 0.04%, 0.102%, 0.49% for each of them respectively, and when increasing Consumption (Y2t) by 1%, the fish food security coefficient decreases by 0.67%. This has proven the significance of the variables at the level of significance 0.01, as it turns out that by increasing exports (Y4t) by 1%, the food security coefficient decreases by 0.01% and this decrease is statistically significant at the level of significance 0.05. A stratified random sample was chosen according to the cognitive and functional level, with the problems and obstacles of continuation of increasing fish production in Egypt. The sample was of those interested in the field of fish wealth. The problems were identified and divided into five categories which are: environmental problems, financing and production problems, marketing problems, problems related to scientific research, administrative problems. The study resulted in several recommendations, the most important of which are: Increasing the expansion of culture operations in floating marine cages. Increasing investment orientation for fish production from its various sources and providing financial support to small fish producers. Close control of the various pollution image processes of natural resources, overfishing, offensive fishing, and fishing fry and limiting their spread to preserve biological stocks.

This research aimed to study the aspects of pollution problems in the Egyptian countryside in Sharkia Governorate, and it was found that the most important sources of pollution in the rural environment are: the use of chemicals such as fertilizers, pesticides, plant and animal waste, sanitation, and all of these sources have exacerbated the problem of pollution both quantitatively and qualitatively in the rural environment. The study also aimed to analyze the indicators of pollution in the Egyptian rural environment through a study of the most important sources of pollution, the most important of which is the use of chemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides, as well as sewage and plant and animal waste, and to determine the most appropriate policies and production programs that can be followed to reduce pollution sources. The study relied on published and unpublished secondary data from its official sources for the period (2000-2018) and treated them with appropriate statistical methods. The simple regression method was used to estimate the functional relationships in the linear form and the temporal trend. The results of the study resulted in a statistically significant increase in the global consumption of nitrogenous fertilizers annually by one million tons, while there was a statistically significant decrease in the local consumption by 293 thousand tons. As for the available global consumption of agricultural pesticides, it was found that there is a statistically significant increase of 81 million tons. That is, an annual increase in the value of pesticides consumed in Egyptian agriculture is about 2% of the annual average during the study period, and an annual increase in the availability for local consumption was found by 0.473 thousand tons, an annual increase rate of about 5.12% of the annual average during the study period 2000-2018. There is also a statistically significant annual increase in the total amount of agricultural pesticides consumed globally about (0.829 million tons), i.e. an annual average increase in the value of pesticides consumed in Egyptian agriculture about 3.22% of the annual average during the study period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A child's age of discernment means that his or her financial actions, including the purchase or consumption, are governed by certain rules requiring some detail. When the child reaches the age of majority, he or she has the mental faculties and capacity to act that allow him or her to undertake all lawful actions, whether beneficial or harmful or somewhere in between, without any permission or authorisation from anyone. Therefore, the child's behaviour when he reaches the age of discernment is divided into three types: purely beneficial, completely harmful or in between and each of them has a special rule that needs to be elaborated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Rafidain for Rights is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jornal of Al-Muthanna for Agricultural Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research is aimed at investigating the evolution of the food gap of faba beans and its underpinning factors. Faba beans constitute the most basic foodstuff Egyptian diet. Among all legumes the beans crop occupies the largest acreage and provides the beans crop occupies the largest acreage and provides the largest volume of production. However, domestic production of faba beans is increasing falling short of its ability to meet the domestic consumption requirements. That is the food gap of faba beans is widening year after year. In fact the gap increased substantially from 73 thousand tons in year 2000 to about 650 thousand tons in 2016. By an increase of about 891%, this research is intended to study the evolution of the food gap of faba bean in Egypt During the period (2000-2016).

This study aimed to identify the attitude of the Saudi towards some contemporary societal issues (independence, consumption, culture and public arts, political participation, plastic surgery, etc.), in addition to identifying the most important future issues that occupy their thinking. The study used the survey method and it was applied to a sample of 340 Saudi female university students from the College of Arts at King Saud University. The researcher found out that the sample's verbal responses varied regarding expressions related to the issue of independence, the issue of consumption, the issue of culture and public arts, as well as the issue of plastic surgery, as reflected by the moderate averages. The students 'responses to the expressions on the position of women's political work indicated approval to a large extent. Regarding the most important issues that occupy the Saudi girl's thinking, fear of bad economic conditions came first, while fear of failure in marriage came last. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Strategy & Development Review is the property of Strategy & Development Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Finance & Business Economies Review is the property of Finance & Business Economies Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of College of Law Journal for Legal & Political Sciences / Magallat Kulliyyat Al-Qanun Li-L-ulum Al-Qanuniyyat Wa-Al-Siyasiyyat is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Strategy & Development Review is the property of Strategy & Development Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of IUG Journal of Sharia & Law Studies is the property of Islamic University of Gaza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Iraq Journal of Market Research & Consumer Protection / Al-Mağallaẗ al-ʿIrāqiyyaẗ li-Buḥūṯ al-Sūq wa-Ḥimāyaẗ al-Mustahlik is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)