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Coliforms, especially Escherichia coli, are one of the most important causes of gastroenteritis and microbial index of water and food contamination. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli strains are considered to be the most important intestinal pathogens due to hemorrhagic diarrhea and hemolytic syndrome, of which E. coli O157: H7 is the most important and common. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of E. coli O157: H7 contamination in traditional and homemade ice creams and compare the efficiency of chromogenic media with standard media for its detection. In this study, 90 samples of traditional ice cream from the production and distribution centers of this product were collected from three urban regions of Bandar Abbas, in two warm and cold seasons and in order to count the coliforms and detect E. coli and E. coli O157: H7, two standard and chromogenic methods were used. The results indicated that 81.8% of samples had more than the standard number of coliforms, and 28.9% of the samples were contaminated with E. coli. E. coli O157: H7 contamination was detected 2.2% and 4.4% using standard and chromogenic methods, respectively. Analyzes showed that application of media containing chromogenic substances, E. coli O157: H7 could be detected with the least possible error. It was found that the use of chromogenic culture media to identify E. coli O157: H7 was better than the standard method. The results of the present study also indicate that the quality and health status of traditional and handmade ice creams should be more closely monitored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effect of essential oils of dill in 4 levels of 0, 250, 500 and 750 μl/L in some physicochemical properties (moisture, acidity and pH), color index (a*, b* and L*), microbial (total count, Coliform, E Coli, mold and yeast) and sensory properties including color, flavor and texture of sun dried raisins during storage time was investigated. The results of statistical analysis of the data showed that during storage, the moisture and indexes of b* (blue to yellow) and a* (green to red) and L* (brightness and darkness) of samples decreased significantly, but these properties with increasing amounts of essential oil of dill in the solution increased (p<0.01). Also during storage, with increasing the amount of dill essential oil, the acidity decreased and the pH increased (p<0.01). The results of microbial experiments showed that during storage, with increasing the amount of essential oil, the total count and coliforms decreased, which was significant in treatments containing 500 and 750 μl/L. The number of molds and yeasts also increased during the storage times and decreased with the amount of dill essential oil (p<0.05). According to the results of sensory evaluation, with increasing the amount of dill essential oil up 500 μl/L, the score of flavor and texture increased, but with further increase of the amount of essential oil caused decreased the flavor score compared to the control sample (P <0.05). Based on the results obtained of this study, the use of 500 μl/L of dill essential oil for storage of sun dried raisins, is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Homopolysaccharide called beta-glucan was extracted from different sources, microbial source (baking yeast of Turkish origin) and vegetable source (brown barley bran) using the classical method and hot water method respectively. Results showed that the higher yield contents of β-glucan, which reached 5.95 % and 5.08 % were found in the baker's yeast of Turkish origin and barley bran respectively, The βglucan was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and the result confirmed that the extracted glucan showed a high degree of similarity and purity as compared with the standard, The β-glucan was added to the fish patties at different ratio (0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1) gm\25gm patties, and storage patties at 4 °C for 14 days. Effect of addition of different levels of β-glucan from both sources on inhibition of the bacterial counts for fish patties during storage (14 days) was studied, the total counts of bacteria was decreased with increasing the ratios of β-glucan up to 0%, the ability of the extracted β-glucan from barley bran to inhibit the total bacterial count, psychrophilic bacteria and coliform bacteria was greater than that the extracted βglucan from yeast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Study was Conducted in the City of Sorman, where the Water Quality Assessment was Evaluated in Terms of Quality and Suitability for Drinking and Irrigation. 29 Samples of water were Collected from the Wells of the study area. Analyses of electric conductivity (EC), total dissolved salts (TDS), pH, and dissolved cation (K+, Mg+2, Na+, Ca+2), and anions (NO3- , SO4 -2, CL– HCO3-), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), adjusted sodium adsorption ratio )adj-SAR(, and the residue of sodium carbonate ratio (RSC), the number of obtained (Coliform bacteria), (Escherichia coli). The obtain led results of previous was analyses was conducted discussed and represented graphically, (in the form of Maps and other Graphical data), Data showed that all wells are not suitable for Drinking. In terms of Classification of Irrigation water most samples Lay in Class (C3- S1) according to the American Salinity Laboratory. High saline water is low in sodium concentration (C4-S1) Very high sodium and saline water, as classified by FAO Manual (1986), is only suitable for irrigation. of some high salt tolerant crops due to high sodium content. The results Bio-analysis indicated that most of the wells were biologically polluted due to the potential contamination of sewage or improper drilling of the well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to the area of Sabrata. The study is to assess the water situation in the area extending from the north sea coast to the southern region by taking a longitudinal sector estimated to be about 20 km long and 2 km wide. A number of wells in the studied area were surveyed in the total of 39 wells selected randomly in different depths. The most important analysis were the chemical and biological as well as statistical analysis, all are based on the field and laboratory data carried out on the samples compared with Libyan specification standard No. 82 of 2013. In terms of chemical or biological content, as well as the classification of irrigation water according to the classification of the US Salinity Laboratory 1954. The most important chemical analysis conducted Total Dissolved Salts (TDS), calcium ion (Ca++), magnesium ion (Mg++), sodium ion(Na++),(SAR),residual carbonate (RSC) and modified adjuvant sodium (adj-SAR) ratio, and the analysis of sodium chloride (K-), chloride ions, sulphate ions, bicarbonate ion and (NO-3), (Coliform bacteria), and bacteria (Escherichia coli). After obtaining the results from the previous analyzes and discussing and represent them graphically, whether in the form of maps or other forms of graphical access to logical and scientific analysis of those results found that all the wells of the study area is not suitable for drinking either the total dissolved salts or other reasons for example the total dissolved salts higher It is permissible for several reasons that differ from one well to another, whether the cause is sea water intrusion, geological structure, gravity or other causes. Biological pollution results indicated that most of the wells are biologically polluted due to the potential contamination of wastewater. The wells are suitable only for irrigation of some crops that tolerate high salinity due to the high content of sodium or high salinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Aydughmush dam was built on Aydughmush River at 19km in southwest of Mianeh City. The dam is multipurpose and its main aims are the spring floods control, supplying potable water for villages and providing irrigation water. Different pollutants which probably discharge to the river finally enter to the dam reservoir so; this study focuses on evaluating the quality of the dam reservoir. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study standard field parameters including dissolved oxygen, temperature, Biochemical and chemical oxygen Demand, Most Probable Number of Conforms, Fecal Conform, Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Solids, pH, conductivity and others were measured at eight different stations during the spring and summer in 2010. Sampling points were selected on the basis of their importance. Water quality index was calculated using water quality index calculator given by National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) information system. Results: The highest value of WQI of the samples was 84.89 in A3 station in July while the lowest value was 67.96 in A2 station in May. The lower value of WQI has been found mainly due to the slightly lower value of DO in the dam reservoir water. Most of the water samples were found within Good category of National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSF-WQI). Comparison of the measured parameters based on the sampling stations and various months by variance and t-student analysis showed a significant relationship for some parameters(P<0.05). Nutrient budget determination indicates that the concentration of phosphate, nitrite, nitrate and ammonia at inlet are higher than outlet of the dam reservoir. Conclusion: The calculated (WQI) showed good water quality. Based on the results of NSFQWI calculations, the dam reservoir water quality is suitable for various purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]