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Copyright of Arts Magazine is the property of Thamar University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jordanian Journal of Law & Political Science is the property of Mutah University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gharee for Economics & Administration Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gharee for Economics & Administration Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article aimed to identify the impact of digital literacy on university education, the most prominent obstacles facing the use of digital literacy in educational institutions, and the models used to invest digital literacy in the educational process. The study adopted the qualitative approach in the analysis, drawing conclusions, and presenting the data in a descriptive framework. Digital literacy is the individuals possess of the skills necessary to reach a goal using digital devices and technologies, in addition to the trends and competencies in using these technologies, which are related to the ability to use computers, mobile phones, smart tablets, social networks, and the Internet, to be more than just recipients--information through these technologies, but also to become evaluators, critics and creators of this information. The study concluded that there are three models for the use of digital literacy in the educational process, which are partial, mixed and total (digital), emphasizing the importance of investing the digital literacy in university education and benefiting from digital tools in line with development, and the need to overcome the obstacles that stand in the way of digital openness in the educational process, while maintaining ethics and scientific controls. Moreover, the study recommended the need to spread digital culture through a practical training curriculum for both teachers and learners, characterized by constant development and renewal with the need to involve learners in the information content industry, so that the educational process goes beyond the perception of traditional communication, sender and receiver, to become a dynamic process that forms a circle integrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arts Magazine is the property of Thamar University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed at analyzing the learners' needs and their attitudes in learning Arabic idiomatic expressions based on entertainment in their university education. The study adopted a descriptive and analytical approach through the questionnaire distributed to the study sample as its basic data collection tool. The sample of the study to which the tool was applied was the 100 learners of Arabic who are non-native speakers at the International Islamic University in Malaysia. The study resulted in the following results: there is need to build an entertainment program based on the educational use and development of mobile phones, by including a variety of linguistic activities aimed at training students to practice Arabic idiomatic expressions in writing and orally, and then it can be used as guidance in preparing auxiliary entertainment educational programs in the educational stages, and developing them, based on the foundations and principles of recreational learning as an input and strategy in the development of Arabic idiomatic expressions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue Académique des Études Sociales et Humaines is the property of Hassif Benbouali University of Chlef and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zarqa Journal for Research & Studies in Humanities is the property of Zarqa Journal for Research & Studies in Humanities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to determine the impact of organizational requirements for Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system on the success of its application at mobile phone companies in the Republic of Yemen for the year 2019. The descriptive analytical approach was used with a questionnaire as a tool for collecting data from a sample of 299 users. The study results showed a statistically significant impact of organizational requirements for ERP system requirements on the success of its application. The study concluded that organizational culture is the most important dimension among the organizational requirements for its role in accepting technological change and reducing its resistance. The study recommends the importance of translating the study results in the future planning of applying the ERP system at Yemeni organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Basic Education College Magazine For Educational & Humanities Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Basic Education College Magazine For Educational & Humanities Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Bahith Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Al-Frahids Arts is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the last century and the beginning of this century, the world witnessed a tremendous industrial development and a great technological boom in all fields that it had not seen before in previous ages. In the field of communications, the telephone, fax and telex were invented, then the Internet and the mobile phone, and people became indispensable to modern means of communication. Because it brought the distances between them closer, and because of its ease of carrying and low prices, it entered everywhere, whether in the workplace, housing, car, and even in the pocket, and talking with others or exchanging messages with them by these means became one of the easiest and most usual things in daily life, and man has benefited from These means meet all his needs, and the matter goes beyond dissolving the marriage contract by inflicting divorce by phone call, by phone message, or by e-mail. This method of divorce was not known and could not be imagined in the era of the former Muslim jurists and until recently in the early part of the last century, that the marital bonds are broken and the heavy covenant is dissolved by a small technological machine and from a great distance, and since divorce is a serious issue, the Islamic Sharia has organized the provisions Divorce, and Muslim jurists have spared no effort in diligently examining the detailed issues of it, and this is a means of emergency divorce, which is known as (electronic divorce), whose cases have increased in most Islamic societies in general and Arabs in particular in the recent period, including Iraq, after the great openness to the world Using modern means of communication after the events of 2003, I thought that this type of divorce should be discussed to find out the extent of its legitimacy and legality after it has become a reality that is increasing day by day, by using these modern electronic means, whether audio, written or visual, to end the marital relationship. The topic of this research is an important and new topic that should be addressed, and I do not exaggerate if I say that it is a legal duty to know the legal ruling on divorce by modern means of communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Larq Journal for Philosophy, Linguistics & Social Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the development of mobile technology and the emergence of smart phones, which represent the technological fusion between mobile technology and personal computers, the pattern of our media consumption has changed; At the level of daily life, we see the rapid flow of news, information and entertainment content across many media platforms, and consumers can access this content at any time and any place, and they can create and publish their own media content, through mobile phone networks and the Internet, and the amazing development in modern communication technology has led to attention to the shape and design of news applications to preserve the user, which made media organizations and communicators seek to develop the design and content of these applications and add modern technologies such as artificial intelligence to work to provide the best technologies in those applications. The study aimed to identify the rate of respondents' use of news mobile phone applications, the methods of designing mobile news applications preferred by the respondents, and to determine the relationship between the use of artificial intelligence techniques in designing mobile news applications and its relationship to adolescents' preferences and monitoring the preferences of the respondents of the study sample towards methods of designing mobile news applications. The study was a descriptive survey methodology dependent on the media. The study population was represented by Egyptian adolescents in Egyptian universities from (17-18) years. The study sample was deliberate from users of mobile news applications, which numbered (400) respondents from universities (Ain Shams, Zagazig, and Pharos in Alexandria). The study relied on a questionnaire form to collect study data about the methods of designing news mobile applications according to artificial intelligence techniques and their relationship to adolescents' preferences for them. The most important findings of the study were represented by: 1 - High rate of respondents using the study sample of mobile news applications, and the seventh day news application came at the forefront of the applications preferred by the respondents. 2- The study confirmed the existence of a statistically significant correlation between the methods of designing mobile phone applications and the level of use of artificial intelligence techniques. 3- There is a statistically significant correlation between the respondents' preferences towards the design of news phone applications and their evaluation of artificial intelligence techniques. 4- There are statistically significant differences between the average scores of the respondents on the scale of using mobile news applications, according to the different degree of exposure motives to these applications. 5- The study found that there is a positive and statistically significant correlation between the methods of designing mobile news applications and the level of respondents' use of mobile news applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nomophopia refers to the individual unjustified fear which appeared when he unable to use his mobile phone, benefit from its applications and facilities, unable to get information rabidly, unable to access the web, or his inability to make calls with others which led to psychological, social and physical problems. In this regard, the current study aimed at defining the effectiveness of counseling program of mindfulness in decreasing Nomophopia symptoms for High Studies Students at Educational High Studies Center, Luxor University. Sample consisted of (28) students (8=males, 20=females) enrolled at general diploma (one year), with age mean (23,6) and SD=0,70 year. Sample was divided into two groups; experimental group (n=14 students)and control group (n=14 students). The study used the following tools: a form for collecting primary data (prepared by the researcher), and Nomophopia Questionnaire (translated by the researcher), and Mindfulness questionnaire( translated by the researcher), and the counseling program which included (28) sessions. Results indicated to the effectiveness of counseling program based on mindfulness in decreasing Nomophopia symptoms of the study sample and increasing their Mindfulness. So, a number of counseling programs based on Mindfulness may be used for decreasing another problems as Internet and Mobile phones addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research problem's deals, studying the reasons that push the public to use mobile phone applications by looking at the urgent news in them and the gratifications achieved from them. The research is descriptive and using the field survey method, through a survey of students of the College of media at the Iraqi University, and the research reached several conclusions, the most prominent of which are: 1) The scientific aspect and knowledge of technological technologies was positively reflected on the use of mobile breaking news applications. 2) The income variable did not affect the use of applications. On the contrary, people with limited income are the most used of these applications than others. 3) These applications provided an opportunity for university students to know the news of their counterparts in the outside world. 1. The media’s interest in creating news applications to increase their followers on the mobile phone. 2. The use of news applications by universities and schools because they contribute to the development of skills among students. 3. Paying attention to the shape and design of news applications to achieve more attractive and aesthetic applications [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research problem's deals, studying the reasons that push the public to use mobile phone applications by looking at the urgent news in them and the gratifications achieved from them. The research is descriptive and using the field survey method, through a survey of students of the College of media at the Iraqi University, and the research reached several conclusions, the most prominent of which are: 1) The scientific aspect and knowledge of technological technologies was positively reflected on the use of mobile breaking news applications. 2) The income variable did not affect the use of applications. On the contrary, people with limited income are the most used of these applications than others. 3) These applications provided an opportunity for university students to know the news of their counterparts in the outside world. 1. T he media’s interest in creating news applications to increase their followers on the mobile phone. 2. T he use of news applications by universities and schools because they contribute to the development of skills among students. 3. P aying attention to the shape and design of news applications to achieve more attractive and aesthetic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research aims to identify the use of the mobile phone in the educational process for high school and middle school students in the Abi Al-Khasib district and to identify what the mobile phone has achieved in the educational process instead of the traditional methods and problems and difficulties that students face in using it and to develop solutions and proposals that help reduce these problems. In the practical side, the descriptive approach was adopted: a survey study, and in the theoretical side, the documentary approach was relied upon using electronic and electronic information sources, and the questionnaire tool was used as a main tool for collecting data and information, as the questionnaire form contained twelve questions. The research reached a set of results, the most important of which were:-1-The mobile phone is used in the educational process in the case of the Internet. 2-It was found that some students do not care about the importance of the advertisements made by the school administration. The research came out with a set of recommendations, the most important of which are:-1-Encouraging students to use the internet via mobile phone for proper investment and employment in the educational process related to their studies when needed. 2-Emphasis on students by members of the educational staff and the school administration to review school advertisements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research mainly aimed at identifying the determinants that the research group benefited from using cell phone in eleven development fields in Amiriya were, Alexandria Governorate; 1- To study some of the social, economic, communication and psychological characteristics of the researched farmers. 2- To study the extent of farmers use of the mobile phone by the respondents, arm in the studied development fields. 3- To know the extent to which the respondent arm has benefited from using the mobile phone in the studied development fields. 4- To study the correlative and influential relationships between each studied independent variables and the level of researched farmers, use of mobile phones in the areas under study as a dependent variable. 5- To study the correlational and influential relationships between each of the independent variables studied and of the level of benefit of the surveyed farmers from using the mobile phone in the areas under study and adependent variable. 6- To identify problems facing farmers researched in the study area that hinder their use of mobile phone and reduce their benefit from it in the school fields and what are the suggestions for solving these problems from their point of view. - Collecting and analyzing data: The researcher relied on the questionnaire in a Personal interview to complete the research data from the respondents, arm whose number was (100) respondents randomly selected sample of the total number of farmers in the research area (700) farmers, Frequency tables, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, simple correlation coefficient, regression, analysis and (t) test was used in analysis process using (spss) program .The most prominent results of the study were as follows: 1- Some of the social economic,communication and psychological characterize of the surveyed farmers the majority of the respondents were of middle ages, of low educational level of farmers and their wives, with high family capacity of the surveyed farmers, small farm holding capacity of the respondents and their high level of exposure to the means.with different contact, of high level of exposure to agricultural information sources with high level of social participation and the high level of leadership of the respondents. 2- the extent of the researched farmers use of mobile phone in the studied development fields the eleven percent of people with level of employment 54%, while the percentage of the average use level was 27%and the percentage of those with high employment reached 19% of the total number of researchers. 3-The extent to which the researched farmers benefit from the mobile phone in the eleven studied development fields the percentage of those with low benefit reached 63%, the average of benefit reached 24%, and the high level of benefit rate reached 13%, of the total number of the studied farmers. 4- Simple correlational relationships between each of the studied independent variables and the extent of the researched farmers use of the mobile phone in eleven developmental domains as a dependent variable. there is a direct significant correlational relationships at the mean level (0.01) with respect to the following independent variables: educational level of the surveyed farmers, educational level of the surveyed farmers; wives, agricultural land tenure of the researched farmers, exposure of the researched farmers to the means of communication, exposure of the surveyed farmers to agricultural information sources, social participation of the surveyed farmers and degree of leadership of researched farmers and degree of regenerative farmers studied. 5- The regression relationships between the studied independent variables and the extent to which the surveyed farmers use the mobile phone in the studied developmental areas the significance of the effect of seven independent variables on the dependent variables represented in the following: The educational level of the surveyed farmers,the educational level of the surveyed farmers, wives, the exposure of the surveyed farmers to the means of communication, the exposure of the surveyed farmers, to sources, social participatory agricultural information for the researched farmers the degree of leadership of the researched farmers and farm land possession of researched. 6- The simple correlational relations between each of the independent variables studied and the extent to which the researched farmers benefit from the mobile phone in eleven areas of development as a dependent variable, the simple variance analysis revealed the existence of as Igniflcant correlation at the probability level (0,01) with respect to the following independent variables: educational level of surveyed farmers, the educational level of surveyed farmers' wives, researched farmers' farm holdings to the means of communication,social participation of the surveyed farmers, degree of leadership of the surveyed farmers, the degree of regeneration of the researched farmers, while the existence of an inverse signiflcant correlation was found at the probability (0.01) in relation to the age variable of the studied farmers and the number of family members of the surveyed farmers. 7-The regressive between the studied independent variabies and the extent to which the researched farmers benefit from the mobile phone in the studied developmentl areas as a dependent variables. the significance of the effect of six independent variables on the dependent variable rebresented in the following the educational level of the rebresented arm the social participation of the surveyed farmers, the educational level of the surveyed farmers, wives the degree of leadership of the surveyed farmers, the researched farmers exposure to the means of communication of the researched farmers agricultural land holdings based on the value of 'p' where its value was about this is in addition to the fact the six independent variables combined contribute to explaining about 60 % of the amount of variance that can occur in the dependent variable based on the value of the renewal rate ( R2) which amounted to 60%. 8- Problems facing the researched farmers and limiting beneflt of the resarched farmers from mobile phone in the studied development flelds;. These problems were as follows: 1- Poor efflciency of the mobile network. 2- High service costs 3-Unavailability of mobile network branches in villages. 4-weak control over mobile companies 5- High mobile prices. 6- Non -compliance by mobile companies contract condition. 7- The increase in the mobile tax. 8- Proposed solutions were from the respondents point of view to overcome the problems they face when using mobile phones and limit their benefit from it. 1- Were; The companys work to strengthen and maintain net work 2- the existence of official network supported by the government of its own. 3-The necessity to provide the main elevators inside the villages in order to facilitate their customers. 4-The agricultues extension distributes telephones to distinguished fermers to strengthen communication between them and the agricultural guide to deliver the indicative recommendations. 5-The government should be abuffer for complaints between companies and customers. 6-The actual value of the package be clarified, and it is preferable that the shipment be annual. 7- The importance of conducting and clarifying research to know the negative effects of the mobile phone on public health. 8- Prosence of informational awareness that the frequent use of the mobile phone affect family communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zarqa Journal for Research & Studies in Humanities is the property of Zarqa Journal for Research & Studies in Humanities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper investigates the most effective digital stimuli (digital zoom and color cueing) used in the treatment of online academic content, with synchronous and asynchronous communication, in a mobile environment. This aims to explore their impact on developing postgraduates’ statistical data analysis skills and their attitude towards them, as well as on developing their self-efficiency. The sample comprises 48 postgraduates at the Faculty of Specific Education, Tanta University, Egypt. The participants were divided into 4 experimental groups. The academic content was available online via mobile phones. The results showed significant differences at 0.05 between the means of the experimental groups who handled the online, mobile, digitally treated content in the summative assessment, the product assessment card and self-efficiency scale in favor of the groups who studied the zoom-treated content rather than those who handled the spot-treated content. Other statistically significant differences were reported based on the modes of online communication and their attitude towards them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research is to identify the employing of information and communication technologies in the administration of Yemeni universities reality and hoped, by identifying the areas of employment of information and communication technologies (computer, internal networks, the Internet, mobile phone) in the administration of universities, and figuring out the level of employment in the administration of Yemeni public and private universities. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, a list of areas of employment of information and communication technologies are prepared (computer, Intranet, Internet, mobile phone) in the administration of universities including (112) paragraphs, distributed to (16) universities, including (9) public universities, and (7) Private Universities. The results of the research found that the level of employment of electronic administration tools (computer, internal networks, Internet, mobile phone) in Yemeni universities are as follows: Computer is employed in the administration of public universities at a medium level of employment, while in the administration of private universities with a high level of employment, and in employing internal networks in the administration of public universities at a low level of employment, while employed in the administration of private universities at a medium level of employment. The Internet is also employed in the administration of public universities at a low level of employment, while in the administration of private universities at a medium level of employment. The mobile phone is employed in the administration of public universities at a medium level of employment, while in the administration of private universities at a medium level of employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Basic Education College Magazine For Educational & Humanities Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Al-Frahids Arts is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ICTs is evolving so rapidly that their products have become essential for providing solutions to all our problems and daily life situations. The emergence of the IoT, which is one of the new ICT domains, has led to major changes in the physical world surrounding us, allowing for the integration of all the things we use every day into the internet information world. This research provides a solution for monitoring and controlling people, public vehicles and service facilities in Hajj areas. It integrates IoT architecture with many other technologies in order to provide a capability of monitoring these three components by Hajj authorities, so that they would be able to plan for the Hajj season and make appropriate real time decisions of what might happen on the ground. The suggested system collects data of mobile phones, carried by pilgrims, through Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and GPS sensors embedded in them. It also, at pre-defined locations, monitors and collects data from the RFID equipped bracelets they wear. At the same time, it collects public transport vehicles positioning data and service facilities static data, from the active RFID chips mounted on them. The data collected will be stored on IoT cloud and integrated with data from other sources, enabling for being monitored and analyzed by Hajj authority personnel. They would be able, accordingly, to send messages and instructions to pilgrims and field administrative personnel to handle crisis situations. The suggested solution is further enhanced by integrating the collected IoT – based data with local mobile networks data, so that a more accurate and comprehensive picture of the movement of crowds of pilgrims can be obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of IUG Journal of Economics & Business is the property of Islamic University of Gaza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journals Eduction for Girls is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of College of Education for Pure Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to identify Mu'tah university students' attitudes toward the possibility of regarding cell phone as one of social violence tools in the Jordanian society. To achieve the goals of the study, the social survey approach was followed, and a questionnaire was specially developed for the purpose of collecting field data from the study sample that was consisted of (396) male and female students in Mu'tah university. The results of the study indicated that the participants' attitudes were at medium level toward regarding cell phone as one of social, economic and health violence tool within the Jordanian society, and that the participants can't dispense cell phones in their daily life. results also indicated the participants low recognition for the violence varieties associated with the miss use of cell phone in addition to their lack of conviction and belief by the possibility cell phone to be turned out into a violence tool within the Jordanian society in legal terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dirasat: Administrative Sciences is the property of University of Jordan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Anbar University Journal of Economic & Administration Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Widespread of telecommunication systems in recent years, have raised the concerns on the possible danger of cell phone radiations on human body. Thus, the study of the electromagnetic fields on proteins, particularly the membrane nano channel forming proteins is of great importance. These proteins are responsible for keeping certain physic-chemical condition within cells and managing cell communication. Here, the effects of cell phones radiation on the activity of a single nanopore ion channel forming protein, OmpF, have been studied biophysically. Methods: Planar lipid bilayers were made based on Montal and Muller technique, and the activity of single OmpF channel reconstituted by electrical shock was recorded and analyzed by means of voltage-clamp technique at 20 °C. The planar lipid bilayers were formed from the monolayers made on a 60 μm diameter aperture in the 20 μm thick Teflon film that separated two (cis and trans) compartments of the glass chamber. In this practical approach we were able to analyze characteristics of an individual channel at different chemical and physical experimental conditions. The voltage clamp was used to measure the channel's conductance, voltage sensitivity, gating patterns in time scales as low as microseconds in real time. Results: Our results showed that exposure of single voltage dependent channel, OmpF, to EMF of cell phone at high-frequency has a significant influence on the voltage sensitivity, gating properties and substate numbers of the single channel but has no effect on single-channel conductance. Regarding to the relaxation time, the channel also recovers in the millisecond time range when the field is removed. Conclusion: We observed an increase in the voltage sensitivity of the OmpF single channel while it had no effect on the single-channel conductance, which is remained to be further elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Extremely low frequency (0-300 Hz) fields from power lines, electronic equipment and medical devices, have been reported to produce various biological effects. Global system for mobile (GSM) is most largely used in everybody's life. This system utilizes a low frequency band as well as a high frequency range of electromagnetic field. This study investigated the effects of 217 Hz electromagnetic field (the modulating signal in GSM) on spatial learning and memory in rat. Methods: Twenty four male Wistar rat (200- 250 g) were randomly divided in to three groups as: test, sham and control. Using a Helmholtz coil system, the test group was exposed to a uniform pulsed EMF of 200 μT (micro Tesla) intensity for 4 h/day for 21 days (2 time in a day). This procedure was repeated for the sham group but with no field. All groups were trained prior to the day 21 on the 15th day for five days four trial per day in Morris Water-Maze system. Then the probe test was carried out for 60 seconds with no platform. Results: The ANOVA test revealed that no significant differences were found between control and exposed rats in all day of learning acquisition. Also, in probe test for investigating the memory, no significant differences observed. (P=0.05 is accepted for significant level. Conclusion: This finding is in consistent with previous studies and indicates low frequency band of electromagnetic fields (EMF) (200 μT intensity) in cell phone may not have any effect on the learning acquisition and spatial memory in rat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article here pre4sents an argument on feeling threatened by Information Technologies. The paper also tries to find out the characteristics of the threat perceived by citizens. We would situate the argument of this paper in the development literature and to some extent as an applicable one. It is a descriptive-survey research that can provide applicable recommendations. Theoretically, our argument originates from the proposition that whatever we do, ranging from online shopping to GPS cell phones and cars, from timecards to paying bills and withdrawing money using ATMs, we are continuously involved the world of information systems. The world around us indicates that it is a complicated world and is almost not easy to live in or to lead a business without the help of such systems. On the other hand, in spite of many advantages offered by Information systems, we experience threats imposed on individuals, organizations and on electronic aspects of these systems. Feeling threatened and insecure by citizens is a phenomenon which has many psychological and social consequences and it requires a research so to analyze these threats and the resolutions for diminishing them. In order to do this research we first selected ten academic experts and using DELPHI method to distribute our standard questionnaire. The respondents analyzed the most important threats of the information systems. These threats were gathered by a survey on 330 Tehrani citizens who had dealt with information systems in various ways. Some of the findings reveal that among individual, ethical, politico-psychological, socio-economic and cultural threats, resided the politico-psychological ones which were the most severely perceived threat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mobile phone usage is one of the modern phenomena of the electronic century that has increased between the families especially among the youth in Iran since a decade ago. The number of mobile users in the word increased from 12.4 million in 1990 to 5.3 billion in 2010. The most recent estimates indicate that the number of mobile users in Iran is now amounted to 41 million, i.e., 54 percent of the total population. It is also estimated that more than 85% of Iranian will be mobile owner until 2012. To us, the mobile has positive, negative, social and moral effects, but all the families don't attend to negative aspects of this technology. The aim of this study is, therefore, to determine the pattern of mobile phone usage among students of Yazd Shahid Sadoghi University of Medical Sciences, as our sample case. This is the results of a cross sectional study and the samples were selected by simple random sampling from 245 students that were living in the university dorms. The data was collected and validated by using a questionnaire that it's reliability and validity was determined by calculating the Cronbach alpha (α=0.835) and test- retest method. The questionnaire had two sections; 1- the demographic section; and, 2- a section that included questions that should have determined the pattern of mobile usage. The data were analyzed with SPSS, using Chi-square test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests. Some findings indicate that 53% of female and 39% of male students decided to have a mobile set after they were accepted to attend the university. Also, there was a significant consequential difference between male and female student sin terms of a change in their life style. For instance, some 14% of female and 24% of male students argued that they were experiencing sleep disturbance after they were using mobile phones. The results also indicate that there is a significant decrease in student rate of communication with their family as opposed to an increase in communication with friends after using the mobile (5% and 8%) respectively. It is also worth mentioning that there is a need to educate the students how to be aware of the advantages and disadvantages of mobile usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]