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Background. Brain stroke is the second most common cause of death and the first cause of disability in Iran. Most stroke-related deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. This epidemiological study was conducted due to insufficient studies and generally with a small sample size in the country, aiming at identifying the main risk factors for stroke in East Azarbaijan province. Methods. This cross-sectional study was performed using data gathered from 5430 patients with a definite diagnosis of brain stroke registered in the Tabriz Stroke Registration System (TSR) between February 2015 and June 2021 in the referral hospitals of East Azerbaijan. Analyses were performed using STATA software (version 17). Descriptive statistics were calculated, and a chi-square test was run. It is worth mentioning that any P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. The epidemiological profile of the main risk factors was presented in the framework of clinical trials and findings, clinical risk factors, and behavioral risk factors associated with brain stroke. The mean age of the patients was 69.52±15.72 years; 47.15% were female and 52.85% were male. The most common risk factors include: having high blood pressure (67.81%), snoring (32.06%), diabetes mellitus (22.23%), familial history of stroke (18.78%), ischemic heart disease (17.55%), aspiration pneumonia (15.32%), smoking (13.65%), atrial fibrillation (10.15%), and hyperlipidemia (8.42%). Ischemic brain stroke (68.20%) was more common than hemorrhagic brain stroke (31.80%). Smoking was significantly higher in men than women (P<0.001). The prevalence of hypertension (P<0.001), atrial fibrillation (P=0.001), and hyperlipidemia (P<0.001) was significantly higher in women than men. There was a direct and significant relationship between atrial fibrillation and age (P<0.001) and female gender (P=0.001). Conclusion. The main risk factors for brain stroke include high blood pressure, snoring, diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, aspiration pneumonia, smoking, atrial fibrillation, and hyperlipidemia, respectively. Hypertension is the most common risk factor among patients, so screening for asymptomatic cases is recommended. Educating people about common clinical manifestations can help expedite their early referral and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper tackles the issue of myth and symbol in the poems of Badr Shakir as-Sayyab and Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin, and the effect of the surrounding world which is made apparent therein. The analysis has been made of the points of similarity in their poems, and how they had pictured the world as a whole via the exploitation of myth and symbol, where myth, the poetry of both, had the indication of love, freedom, life, hate, and injustice.

The present paper tackles the viewpoints of Russian literary critics, and their evaluation of contemporary writers, along with their roles in the development of the Twenty-First century literature. We have pointed out the importance of the works of Viktor Pelevin, Valdimir Makanin, and Vladimir Sorokin, and how they influenced modern Russian literature. Also, it has been showed that these writers were not less important than the Russian classic writers, despite that some of their works were characterized with a sense of dialectic with the classic text. Thus, a contemporary Russian text has become desired and understood all over the world.

Introduction: The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is a key structure that integrated anxiety information. It is suggested that baso-lateral area of amygdala receives a dense norepinephrine innervation from the locus coeruleus nucleus. Furthermore, stress increased norepinephrine secretion in the BLA. In the present study, we examined the effects of the stimulation of β2-adrenoceptors in the BLA on anxiety-like behaviors following foot-shock stress. Materials and Methods: Foot-shock stress (10 Hz, 40 mV for 60 seconds) for 4 consecutive days applied to animals. Salbutamol (the β2-adrenoreceptor agonist; 4 µg/rat) bilaterally injected into the BLA 5 min before starting foot-shock stress for 4 consecutive days. Anxiety-like behaviors assessed 24h after the last session of stress, using elevated plus-maze (EPM) and open field test (OFT). Results: Foot-shock stress significantly decreased time spent and the number of entries into the open arms of EPM. Similarly, stress significantly decreased the time spent and the number of entries into the center area of OFT. Furthermore, foot-shock stress significantly decreased the number of grooming and rearing behaviors. Additionally, intra-BLA infusions of salbutamol before stress significantly increased time spent and the number of entries into the open arms as compared with stress group. In addition, OFT results showed that salbutamol increased the time spent in the center, number of center entries, the number of rearing and grooming behaviors, line crossing and total distance as compared with the stress group. Conclusion: It is likely that β2- adrenoceptors of the BLA mediate the induced-anxiety-behaviors by foot-shock stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statement of Problem: There is a probability of interaction between impression materials especially Polyether with the external surface of the adhesive layer of the immediately sealed dentin in the presence of oxygen inhibited layer. Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of three different surface cleaning methods on the shear bond strength of porcelain to immediately sealed dentin. Methods and Material: In this in-vitro study, the facial surfaces of 60 extracted premolars were immediately sealed, using single-bond adhesive. Then, the immediately sealed dentin surfaces were buried in the polyether impression material while setting. After the impression materials were removed, the samples were randomly divided into 4 groups. In group 1, porcelain samples were bonded to the teeth surfaces using resin cement without any surface cleaning. In groups 2, 3 and 4, surface cleaning using acid etche, air abrasion and pumice with rubber cup prophylaxis were applied respectively for each group before bonding the porcelain samples. Shear bond strength test was performed at the strain rate of 0.5 mm/min. The data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA and Tukey posthoc tests. Results: There were significant differences between the shear bond strength of the control group and the three surface cleaning method groups ( p <0.001). The mean of the shear bond strength in the acid etch group was greater than that of the two other experimental groups; however, there were no significant differences between the three surface cleaning methods ( p = 0.5). Conclusion: Surface cleaning of immediately sealed dentin using acid etche, air abrasion and prophylaxis, after impression with polyether, significantly improves the strength of the bond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]