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In recent years, the growing interest in automatic speech recognition (ASR) has been driven by its wide-ranging applications across various domains. Integrating speech recognition technologies into smart systems highlights the pivotal role of human-machine interaction. This study introduces a robust ASR system that leverages convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in conjunction with Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs). The model's architecture was improved by extensively examining hyperparameters, effectively recognizing ten different spoken commands. The model conducted training and evaluation using the Google Speech dataset, comprising 65,000 audio clips collected from a wide range of speakers across the globe. This dataset accurately represents the natural variations in speech found in real-world scenarios. The design comprises eight storage layers, encompassing convolutional and fully connected layers. It consists of a total of 183,345 weights and utilizes ReLU activation. It is worth mentioning that the average F1-score obtained during the training, validation, and testing stages is 99.06 %, 94.68%, and 95.27%, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed model exhibits about 1.3% improvement in experimental test accuracy over existing methods, confirming its effectiveness in real-world applications.

In this article, jar and alum technologies were used as treatment materials. Similar synthetic models have been prepared for wastewater from dairy products. The chemical treatment was performed using the jar inspection method. The laboratory temperature, which was between 20-25 degrees Celsius, is a reference in completing the experiments. Experiments have shown that alum can remove phosphorous by up to 95% according to parameters such as the speed of rotation of the oar and the temperature reached in the research. The value of velocity gradient (G) was 1076.915 sec.-1, which represents the potential energy that could make a better crash between particles to achieve an increase in particle size and then settle. This resulted in an optimum aluminum dose equal to 0.5 mg / L at 20 ± 2 ° C. The role of calcium ions in the removal of pollutants has been observed as a catalyst to complete the treatment process, however, it will reduce the aluminum ion concentration necessary to achieve the treatment, it is not possible to risk adding salts over the salinity of water sources to achieve the treatment.

The dairy industry is not usually linked with simple environmental problems, its impression of the environment with different troubles. During the last decades, several types of treatment and procedures have been applied to relieve contaminants from dairy wastewater before being discharged into the environment. The procedure used in this work has green items and saves energy. This route is termed membrane distillation (MD). The method is defined as a contemporary method that can be summed up in financial expenses and electrical effort in addition to the guests and even preservation or care. Recompenses of this system could be summarized in economical, physical as well as Operation and Maintenance (O&M) attributes. Synthetic models of dairy wastewater have been prepared. Physiochemical analysis has been done to have the best decision on the implementation of treatment. American Public Health Association (APHA), American Water Works Association (AWWA), and Water Environment Federation (WEF) have been used as references for mad these tests. The results gathered to show the ability to remove lead at a rate of 98.89%. This figure could be prepared as a high value compared with other techniques' efficiency. The operation temperature to get the best treatment has been 15°C, which is very close to the normal medium. The best removal could be obtained at a temperature of 15°C. The fluctuation of temperature could be a role in rising or decreasing removal efficiency but to some extent.

In this research the membranes distillation were used to remove calcium ions from heavy sewers at dairy plants in Iraq. This method is easy to operate, easy to manage and has many economic benefits. A chemical treatment was carried out on it using alum as a coagulant, different tests achieved samples before and after passing MD, according to APHA, AWWA, WEF. The results showed that obtained in water treatment trust that has been manufactured and edited according to the characteristics of the water waste the interests of the dairy capacity of this method to remove the calcium ion to a certain extent it is when the concentration reaches the inside of this ion to 1428.57 mg per liter, where to start the composition of hydroxides of calcium responsible for pain. The optimal working temperature ranges from 20-22 ° C and the flow is around 0.66 kg.m-2.h-1, here was the result of a layer of plaster that led to clogged membrane and folding and was stopped for washing and cleaning.

Ninety-three of grossly normal buffalo genital tracts were under taken in this study. The mean length, width, thickness, and weight of the ovary devoicing functional Corpus Luteum (CL) were 2.39±0.77 cm, 1.55±0.46 cm, 1.19±0.31 cm and 3.12±2.11 gm, respectively, and 2.139±0.65 cm, 1.23±0.3 cm and 3.14±1.86 gm, for the left one respectively. The mean length, width, thickness and weight of right ovary containing functional CL were 2.61±0.52 cm, 1.59±0.45 cm, 1.53±0.24 cm and 4.79±1.59 gm respectively, and 2.88±0.60 cm, 2.34±0.38 cm, 1.48±0.15 cm and 5.54±1.23 gm for the left one respectively. The mean diameter of the largest six follicles located on the right ovary was 1.42±0.19 cm, and 1.41±0.1 cm of six follicles on left ovary. The mean length of prominent part of the 15 functional CL found on the right ovary was 0.57±0.17 cm and it was 0.57±0.21 cm on the left one, while the mean length and weight of those 15 functional CL of the right ovary were 1.151±0.18 cm and 1.31±0.52 gm, and on the left ovary they were 1.73±0.93 cm and 1.7±0.57 gm. The mean length, diameter and number of caruncles of the right uterine horns were 23.76±8.14 cm, 2.12±0.6 cm and 84.63±13.62 respectively, and they were 23.34±7.96 cm, 2.10±0.58 cm and 84.12±13.27 of the left horns respectively. The mean length and numbers of uterine body caruncles were 1.37±0.75 cm and 6.27±1.92 the mean length, diameter and number of annular rings of cervix were 5.33±0.96 cm, 2.58±0.64 cm and 4.7±0.61, respectively.

The study deals with the different opinions in Islamic jurisprudence on the precaution for fasting the first day of the month of Ramadan by fasting the Thirtieth day of the month of Sha'ban. in the case of not being able to see the crescent the night before for reasons of clouds or such like. This precautionary fasting is debatable among Islamic Jurists as to its lawfulness. and its sufficiency for performance of the ordinance if it coincided with the first of Ramadan. There are five stands on this issue. First, to follow the Imam. Second. to comply with the requirement of the most common situation of the months' wholeness or decrease. Third, to follow the arithmetic of the movement of the moon. Fourth, it is lawful to fast that day and the fasting suffices for performance of ordinance if it coincided with Ramadan. But jurists who take this stand disagree among themselves on some subdivision issues. Firth , that precaution is unlawful. But those who take this stand also differ on the sufficiency and the degree of unlawfulness. The study aimed to survey, discuss, and verify these stands. One of the main findings, outlined in the conclusion. is that the precautionary fasting is unlawful, besides it does not acquit the conscience from performance of the ordinance

Twelve self compacting concrete (SCC) beams were cast to investigate the shear behavior under two concentrated load. All beams have a constant longitudinal steel ratio of (0.02065) and constant gross section area of (17000)mm2. The tested beams were divided into two group with and without stirrups. The first group contained three beams without stirrup at different value of compressive strength ( ) with the same value of clear span to the effective depth ratio (ln/d), while the second group contained nine beams with stirrups. This group was divided into three series according to the compressive strength ( ) each series contained three beams at different value of clear span to effective depth ratio(ln/d).It was found that the ultimate shear strength predicated from ACI 318-08 is lesser than the experimental values. The ultimate shear strength for SCC beams with stirrups increase about 15.73%.30.69 %and 25.633 % when the compressive strength increased from (29.36 to 49.2 MPa) at clear span to effective ratio (ln/d) 6.164, 5.479 and 5.0 respectively. The ultimate shear strength for SCC beams without stirrups increased about 31.25% when the compressive strength increased from (29.36 to 49.2 MPa),.....

Hicrî I. asrın ikinci yarısında Kûfe’de fıkıh ekolünün en büyük temsilcilerinden olan İbrâhim en-Nehaî, gerek kendi döneminde gerekse sonraki dönem âlimleri arasında muteber ve sika kabul edilse de özellikle bir kısım ehl-i hadisin tenkitlerine maruz kalmıştır. Bu tenkitlerden önemli bir kısmının Nehaî’nin fıkıhçı kimliğinden çok hadisçi yönüne dönük olduğu dikkat çekmektedir. Örneğin Nehaî’nin hadisleri reddettiği ve semâının az olduğu şeklinde kendisine yönelik iddialar incelendiğinde, aslında onun râvilerde aradığı bazı şartların yanı sıra rivayetlerin Kûfe ameline uygunluğu gibi birtakım kriterler aradığı söylenebilir. Dolayısıyla bu iddialar herhangi bir veri ile desteklenmediği gibi aksine Nehaî’nin hadis alma metodunun sağlam temellere dayandığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca bu durum, Kûfe ekolünün hadisleri değerlendirme noktasında meseleye literal bakan ehl-i hadisten farklı bir yaklaşım sergilediğini göstermektedir. Nehaî'nin mâna ile hadis rivayet etmesinin nedenleri, fıkıhçı yönü ve hadis yazımına karşı olmasıdır. Bu, onun fıkhî bir metodolojiye dayalı olarak hadis naklettiğini ve daha sonraları Hanefîler olarak anılan ve hadislere ehl-i hadisten farklı bir yöntemle yaklaşan ekolün hicrî I. asırdaki öncüsü olduğunu gösterir. Nehaî'nin hadisleri kabul noktasında fıkhî kısımlara odaklanması ve naklederken yazıyı kullanmaması, onun mâna ile rivayete yönelmesinin temel sebepleri arasında yer alırken, İbn Sîrîn (öl. 110/729) rivayeti dışında Nehaî'ye yönelik eleştiri bulunmaması, İbn Avn’ın (öl. 151/768) tenkidinin kişisel bir görüşten öteye geçmediği anlamını taşımaktadır. Nehaî’nin mürsel rivayetlerde bulunmasıyla ilgili olarak sahihlik-zayıflık değerlendirmesi dışında açık bir eleştiri bulunmamakla birlikte, İbn Hacer'in (öl. 852/1449) “Sikadır, ancak çok irsâl yapardı.” şeklindeki ifadesi hariç eleştiri içeren bir yorum tespit edilememiştir. İbrâhim en-Nehaî'nin mürsellerini tenkit eden ehl-i hadisin değerlendirmelerinde, mürsel rivayetlere yaklaşım tarzlarının etkisi gözlemlenebilmektedir. Nehaî’nin Arap dilinde hatalar yaptığı söylenmişse de ismi en sahih isnadlarda yer alan ve mâna ile yaptığı rivayetleri hadis âlimleri tarafından kabul edilen birinin Arapçaya hâkim olmadığını söylemek doğru değildir. Üstelik Nehaî nesep açısından da Araptır. Onun Ebû Hüreyre (öl. 58/678) hakkındaki: “O, fakih değildir.” sözü, Zehebî (öl. 748/1348) tarafından aktarılan bir nakilde öne çıkmaktadır. Ancak diğer kaynaklarda bu tenkitler genel ifadelerle sunulmuş ve Kûfe ekolünün genel bir temayülü olarak görülmüştür. Nehaî’nin ifadeleri, genel olarak Kûfe ekolünün görüşlerini yansıtmakta ve eleştirinin odak noktasını Nehaî’nin şahsından ziyade Kûfeliler oluşturmaktadır. Ebû Hüreyre’nin rivayetlerindeki eleştiriler sadece Hanefîlerle sınırlı kalmamış, ehl-i hadis âlimleri tarafından da benzer gerekçelerle yapılmıştır. Bu nedenle eğer bir eleştiri yapılacaksa bu eleştiri Nehaî’nin şahsına indirgenerek değil, genel bir çerçeve içinde ele alınmalıdır. Nehaî’nin Şiîlikle ilişkilendirilmesine dair birkaç örnek verilmiş olsa da bunun, genel olarak Şiî mezhebiyle uyumlu olmadığı görülmektedir. Zehebî’nin tanımlamaları, Nehaî’nin daha çok Ehl-i sünnet çerçevesinde değerlendirilmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir. İbn Kuteybe’nin (öl. 276/889) Nehaî’yi Şiî olarak sınıflandırması, daha sonraki dönemlerin Şiî anlayışıyla örtüşmemekte ve yanlış bir çıkarıma yol açmaktadır. Nehaî’nin Şiî olarak kabul edilmesi için yeterli delil bulunmamaktadır, bu nedenle onu bu mezhebe nispet etmek doğru değildir. Nehaî, fıkhî meselelerde re’y kullanmıştır, ancak inançla ilgili konularda bu yöntemi reddetmiş ve hatta re’yin bid'at olduğunu savunmuştur. O, re’y kelimesini genellikle inançla ilgili konularda bidʻat fırkalar için kullanırken amelî meselelerde ise re’y kullanmış ve hakkında açık hüküm bulunmayan konularda kıyâs yaparak çözümler üretmiştir. Ancak, hakkında hüküm bulunan konularda ise nakle bağlı kalmıştır. Nehaî’nin rivayetlere olan bağlılığı ve hüküm bulunmayan konularda kıyâs yapma eğilimi, Kûfe’deki fıkıh ekolünün şekillenmesinde büyük bir rol oynamıştır. Sonuç olarak, Nehaî’nin fıkhî çalışmalarda re’y ve kıyâsı kullandığı ancak inançla ilgili konularda bu yöntemleri reddettiği ve nakle bağlı kaldığı söylenebilir.

This paper suggests a new image encryption algorithm based on block compressive sensing (BCS) and chaotic scrambling techniques. With compressive sensing (CS), signals can be sampled much lower than the Nyquist-Shannon rate while preserving their information content. BCS can be used as a one-step process by using a 3D logistic chaotic map, the measurement matrix is used as a secret key for encryption. BCS algorithm used an individual image reconstruction algorithm that leverages l_1norm minimization to promote signal sparsity, and a smoothing operator to enhance image quality. An encrypted image is first decomposed into three sub-images based on the tricolor theory; then, a discrete wavelet transform is used to sparsely process the three decomposed images. A 2D Henon map is used to scramble the compressed image after compression. This process further enhances the security of the system by increasing the complexity of the encryption process. The results showed that the proposed system provides better security and has a lower computational complexity than other methods. Furthermore, the proposed system is resistant to known attacks such as brute force and statistical attacks.

ان المتتبع لسيرة السيدة فاطمة الزهراء عليها السلام يجد انها كانت اعظم امرأة في الوجود والتي وصفها الرسول الكريم محمد صلى الله عليه واله وسلم بأنها ام ابيها وقال عنها انها روحه التي بين جنبيه وقد كانت كاملة العلم منذ صغرها الى استشهادها عليها السلام ورغم مكانة الرسول الا انه حين تدخل عليه السيدة الزهراء كان النبي يبادر الى الوقوف وهذا يدلل على عظمة هذه السيدة ويذكر ان النبي حين يعود من الغزوات كان اول شيء يفعله هو الصلاة في المسجد ثم الثناء على السيدة الزهراء عليها السلام .

In light of the significant development in various fields in our recent time and the occurrence of contemporary emerging issues in the relationship between neighbours and the disputes that may result from them, this research titled "Contemporary Issues in the Rulings on Neighborhood" came to treat the contemporary issues in the rulings on neighbourhood and study them through an Islamic perspective by establishing, drawing inference and explaining their rulings and the sayings of contemporary scholars regarding them, explaining their jurisprudential description. The research also aims to benefit specialised researchers and others by dealing with emerging contemporary jurisprudential issues. This research adopted an inductive approach by searching for contemporary emerging issues in the rulings on neighborhood and the problems that arise from them, and a deductive and analytical approach by deducting the reasons for the Islamic rulings mentioned by the jurists in the rulings on neighbourhood and measuring the contemporary emerging issues on them and giving them the correct jurisprudential description. Among the most important findings of the research is that a neighbour has the right to use his property without harming the neighbour. From the Islamic perspective, a neighbourly relationship is a solid relationship based on kindness. The right of the neighbour in Islam forbids transgression against him. The research recommended the importance of studying contemporary emerging issues that are frequently needed, especially in the aspect of transactions with others, such as those that occur between neighbours in the house and other transactions.

This research sheds light on the discretionary authority of the court to interrogate opponents in accordance with the Saudi Evidence System issued by Royal Decree No. M/43, issued on 5/26/1443 AH. It explains the basis of this authority, its statutory nature and scope, and the role of the court in assessing the consequences of interrogating adversaries. He concluded that the court has the discretion to accept or reject the interrogation request. If the court finds that the case does not need interrogation or that the facts about which the opponent is intended to be interrogated are unproductive or not permissible to prove. In that case, it rejects the interrogation request, meaning that the court has the discretion if the matter is presented. One of the litigants requested to interrogate his opponent about whether this matter was necessary, and she agreed to it or rejected it according to what she appreciated. There is no control over her if she does not take it whenever she finds sufficient elements to form her belief without the need to take this measure.

‌ ∴ Introduction ∴ ‌The Iranian legal landscape is deeply rooted in Islamic principles, with the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran enshrining many principles that affirm the integration of the legal system with Islamic norms. This integration is explicitly emphasized in the constitutional provisions, notably article 1, clause 12 of article 2, and particularly article 4. However, the practical implementation of Islamic laws in the Islamic Republic of Iran is entrusted to various legal and executive systems, with the Guardian Council holding a significant role. This council, in accordance with articles 4 and 96 of the Constitution, assumes the responsibility of ensuring that the legal and executive systems align with Islamic principles.In every legal system, there exists a hierarchy of norms, necessitating the alignment of domestic regulations and laws with fundamental principles at the top of the legal hierarchy. In the context of the Islamic Republic of Iran, this alignment is particularly crucial when considering the approval of international treaties. The approval of such treaties in the country sets the stage for a confrontation between domestic and international legal systems. Any discordant interpretation of the foundations of these legal systems leads to distinct legal consequences for the nation. Therefore, understanding the relationship between domestic and international law in the Iranian legal system requires an examination of the Islamic perspective on the interaction between these two legal systems.‌ ∴ Research Question ∴ ‌This study seeks to address the following central question: How does the Iranian legal system, guided by the Islamic perspective, manage the relationship between domestic and international law in the context of the approval of international treaties?‌ ∴ Research Hypothesis ∴ ‌The hypothesis guiding this research is that the Islamic legal principles, as interpreted by the Guardian Council, emphasize the unity of domestic and international legal systems. Unlike contemporary legal systems, where distinctions between domestic and international laws are shaped by practical considerations, Islamic jurisprudence tends towards a unified legal system. This hypothesis is rooted in the understanding that the Islamic conception of state and governance differs significantly from modern concepts, resulting in a more unified legal framework.‌ ∴ Methodology & Framework, if Applicable ∴ ‌This research employs a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing library-based data collection methods. The focus of the study is on examining the legal framework governing international treaties in the Islamic Republic of Iran, with specific attention to the perspectives articulated by the Guardian Council. By delving into the Council's interpretations of international treaties, this research aims to shed light on the compatibility of these treaties with Islamic legal standards. The chosen methodology allows for an in-depth exploration of the legal and religious foundations that influence Iran's approach to international agreements, emphasizing the importance of ensuring conformity with Sharia principles.In summary, this paper aims to elucidate the Guardian Council's role in evaluating the legal implications of international treaties in Iran, offering insights into how Islamic principles shape the nation's approach to both domestic and international legal frameworks.‌ ∴ Results & Discussion ∴ ‌International treaties and agreements, while fundamentally serving international interests, require integration and coherence with domestic laws according to each nation's legal system. In the Iranian context, international agreements remain independent until approved by the competent authorities in accordance with domestic laws. However, the shadow of their obligatory effects persists due to elements of international customary law, placing the nation's international commitments under its influence. Aligned with the principles of the Islamic Republic of Iran, where the sacred Sharia and the Constitution occupy the top tier of the legal hierarchy, ordinary laws and other domestic regulations occupy lower levels. Given the adherence to both domestic and international legal systems in the country's laws, international agreements cannot be exempt from this hierarchical structure. According to the Guardian Council's theories and its practices in reviewing international agreements, it emphasizes the necessity for international agreements to align with Sharia principles, akin to their conformity with ordinary parliamentary resolutions. Understanding these principles becomes doubly crucial when the subjects of international treaties concern private individuals subject to national laws. This is prominently observed in numerous judicial cooperation agreements, often incorporating criticisms and Sharia-based regulations from the Guardian Council in the examination of international documents.‌ ∴ Conclusion ∴ ‌In conclusion, international treaties and agreements in the Islamic Republic of Iran are subject to a meticulous evaluation process, guided by the principles articulated by the Guardian Council. The integration of these agreements with the domestic legal hierarchy underscores the unified approach that the Iranian legal system endeavors to maintain. The Guardian Council, guided by principles such as The “Negation of Domination” Rule [Nafy-e-Sabil], prohibition of referring to unjust rulers, rejection and acceptance of non-Islamic foreign laws, prohibition of usury, and the Sharia compatibility of pre-revolution treaties, has established a consistent pattern in its decisions. The study highlights the enduring significance of the Guardian Council's role in shaping Iran's international engagement, emphasizing the ongoing impact of its interpretations on various facets of international relations. As the Islamic Republic of Iran continues to navigate the global stage, the non-changing methodology of the Guardian Council in the realm of international documents signifies a steadfast commitment to its established approach. The study encourages ongoing scrutiny of the Guardian Council's influence in international agreements, anticipating that its decisions will continue to shape the nation's standing in the international arena for the foreseeable future.

This research aims to describe and analyze the management of arabic teacher competencies and the influence factors in a process according to natural circumstances in Pesantren Mawaridussalam. Management of teacher competencies needs considered in order to realize the improvement of the good quality teachers. Because the role of teachers is very vital as the main actor driving in realizing good and quality learning education. This research is compiled in a descriptive qualitative approach, data collection through interviews and documentation, the analysis data technique using data reducting, presenting data and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate in managing teacher competence, several stages are carried out, such as recruiting teachers from recommended agencies only. The new teachers have to attend training with the leadership and Nazir Waqf for one month. Forming a formatur for educational management every year, conducting learning evaluations and making I'dat congregations every week are reflected in the form of competence of Arabic language teachers. The supporting factors are leadership and organizational factors students of language. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors are teachers who have not been able to make and master teaching materials properly and weak commitment organizations about programs. This research finds the influence developing factors of managing the Arabic language teacher's competence.

يتناول هذا البحث مقاربة نصوص الشاعر (أحمد مطر)، وقراءتها من زاوية سردية، مستخدماً أركان القصة القصيرة جداً للوصول إلى الغاية المنشودة، وذلك بسبب التشابه الكبير بين هذه النصوص الإبداعية والقصة القصيرة جداً، لأنَّها تتضمن أهم أركان القصة القصيرة جداً، ابتداء من الحكائية مروراً بالتكثيف والوحدة وانتهاء بالمفارقة، بالإضافة إلى العناصر الثانوية من أنسنة الحيوانات والإدهاش وكثرة استخدام الجمل الفعلية. وتحتوي على أهم عناصر القصة الفنية من سرد ووصف وشخصيات وأحداث وزمان ومكان وحوار ومنظور سردي. فالحكائية تُعدُّ أحد أهم العناصر المهيمنة على نصوص أحمد مطر على غرار القصة القصيرة جدا، إذ من دونها تتخلخل أبنيتها القصصية، وتتحدّد الحكائية في أربعة عناصر متداخلة هي (الحدث، والشخصية، والزمان، والمكان). إنَّ طبيعة أشعار مطر تفرض عليه الإيجاز والتكثيف، بسبب محدودية المساحة أمامه، فهو محكوم بإيصال فكرته من خلال كلمات أو أسطر، فيشمل التكثيف الحدث، والسرد، والوصف، والموضوع، والفكرة، والبيئة، فيقوم بإذابة مختلف العناصر والمكونات في كلٍّ واحدٍ أو بؤرةٍ واحدةٍ تلمع كالبرق الخاطف، فيستند معظم نصوصه إلى التكثيف القصصي، والإيجاز في تفصيل الحبكة القصصية، بالتركيز على استهلال وجيز، وعرض للعقدة بشكل مركّز من خلال الحفاظ على الوحدة التي تُعَدُّ ركناً مهماً من الأركان التي تتأسس عليها القصة القصيرة جداً، فلكلِّ قصة موضوع واحد، فتعدد الموضوعات يؤدي إلى إماتة القصة، خاصة إذا شابَهَا نوعٌ من التناقض. شرط أن لا تقود هذه الوحدة إلى الغموض وضعف في الإيصال، بل ترتكز على لغة المراوغة، والإتيان بما لا يتوقعه القارئ من خلال المفارقة التي تدهشه وتفاجئه من خلال التناقض والتعارض.

In the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the mechanism for dealing with emergencies is established in articles 79 and 176, which seems paralleled for establishing legal requirements in their basic view of the mechanism. Because of the existence of paralleled mechanisms in dealing with emergencies and the lack of specific rules and frameworks this leaded to the uncertainty of the decision-making system in emergencies, it is essential to determine the act of these two mechanisms in dealing with emergencies (to implement Constitutions as much as possible); Because a systematic approach to constitutions requires a comprehensive interpretation based on both articles. So, this research has tried to answer the question, "What is the optimal regulation mechanism in emergencies based on the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran" & to present the optimal mechanism in this field, meanwhile the case studying of decision-making on the issue of Covid-19 (as the last appearance of the emergencies in Iran's legal system), it is proposed a four-step optimal mechanism to apply the interpretation of these two principles in the governance system correctly in facing a state of emergency.

Duration, cost, and resources are defined as constraints in projects. Consequently, Construction manager needs to balance between theses constraints to ensure that project objectives are met. Choosing the best alternative of each activity is one of the most significant problems in construction management to minimize project duration, project cost and also satisfies resources constraints as well as smoothing resources. Advanced computer technologies could empower construction engineers and project managers to make right, fast and applicable decisions based on accurate data that can be studied, optimized, and quantified with great accuracy. This article strives to find the recent improvements of resource-scheduling problems and time-cost trade off and the interacting between them which can be used in innovating new approaches in construction management. To achieve this goal, a state-of-the-art review, is conducted as a literature sample including articles implying three areas of research; time-cost trade off, constrained resources and unconstrained resources. A content analysis is made to clarify contributions and gaps of knowledge to help suggesting and specifying opportunities for future research.

This review was conducted togive an overview of the current state of knowledge on Sarcocystis infectivity, pathogenicity, and transmissibility here, based on our current understanding virulence. Sarcocystis species are parasitic protozoa. Sarcocystis is about 220 species that may be found all over the world. Heteroxen and protozoan parasites Sarcocystis spp. develop cysts in intermediate hosts’ tissues and are thrown out as sporocysts with definitive hosts. Herbivores, which are their intermediate hosts, have cysts in their hearts, oesophagus, diaphragms, tongues, jaws, and other skeletal muscles. In general, canid-transmitted Sarcocystis spp. are more pathogenic than felid-transmitted Sarcocystis spp. Fever, anemia, weight loss, decreased wool quality and milk output, and abortion are all signs of intermediate hosts.

Reduction has been linked visually in art since man began making functional and aesthetic forms, and this beginning can be identified with cave paintings. Reduction is one of the clearest indications of intellectual presence in aesthetic experience. Modernism was greatly supported by the great transformations that the intellectual movement witnessed in the world in general and in Europe in particular. There, and their transfer of European artistic experiences, and the reflection of this influence in their aesthetic sculptures, and for this reason the researchers find that the study of the aesthetic references of the reductive forms in the Iraqi sculptural experience represents a great importance in the study of the history of contemporary sculpture, to consider the concept of reduction and its performance applications, so the research includes four chapters The first chapter included the methodological framework for the research, and in it we reviewed the research problem, as we explained in it the plastic art’s dealings in general with the concept of reduction, and then the applications of reduction in the art of European and Iraqi sculpture, starting from this question: What are the references for selection in contemporary Iraqi sculpture? Then we presented the importance of the research and its aim in identifying the working mechanisms of the concept of shorthand and its references in contemporary Iraqi sculpture, and the limits of research between (2003-2023), and we showed a number of definitions of shorthand linguistically, idiomatically and procedurally. Then, in the second chapter marked by the theoretical framework of the research: we presented three topics, the first of which was devoted to the concept of shorthand and its performance applications in the arts of ancient civilizations. The second topic was devoted to the study of reductionism in the arts of European modernity, and in the third topic, we dealt with reductionism in contemporary Iraqi sculpture, and then presented the theoretical framework indicators. In the third chapter tagged: the procedural framework of the research: we presented the research community, which included all the Iraqi artists who worked in the shorthand format in their sculptural works within the limits of the research, and we set a number of conditions for choosing the research sample, and it was chosen in an intentional way, and it included four samples, and we also used the observation tool to collect The research sample information, and the analysis was done according to the descriptive analytical method. The researchers reached a number of results, including: that the act of reduction is a dominant and distinctive feature in the outputs of contemporary Iraqi sculpture, which depends on simplification, pruning and deletion, and also achieved by symbolic abbreviations in the artwork and the concentration and intensification of the significance, as it appeared that the contemporary Iraqi sculptor was influenced by the European artistic schools and trends that dominated On the global artistic act in the twentieth century, and what followed within the precursors of preoccupation with the arts of modernity and beyond, in addition to being affected by the cultural depth of the civilization of the Mesopotamia Valley, just as reductionism achieved for the sculptor proof of his self and personal style, then we presented recommendations and proposals. Then we included proven sources, references and appendices.

عادةً مايستخدم البيتون المرصوص بالدحي (Roller Compacted Concrete) RCC في أعمال رصف الطرق والمطارات وبناء المنشآت الكتلية, نظراً لجودته المتمثلة بالمقاومة العالية وسرعة التنفيذ وإنخفاض كلفة إنشائه. وبهدف التقليل من كميات مواد البناء (الإسمنت البورتلاندي) وبالتالي تحقيق الوفر الاقتصادي, تم التوجه نحو استخدام البيتون المرصوص بالدحي لبناء السدود الثقلية, حيث تم العمل على تصميم عدة خلطات بيتونية بمواد محلية وإضافات رخيصة الثمن (الفيلر الكلسي) والمستخدمة بديلاً عن الرماد المتطاير والبوزولان الطبيعي الشائع استخدامهما في بناء سدود RCC. تم في هذا البحث دراسة الخصائص الفيزيائية والميكانيكية للبيتون المنتج وقد توصلنا إلى خلطة بعيار إسمنت منخفض150 Kg/m3 حقق كثافة عالية 2540Kg/m3 ومقاومة على الضغط البسيط 14.6 MPa والتي تعدّ جيدة جداً لمتطلبات البيتون المستخدم في السدود, وكذلك حقق مقاومة على الشد المباشر 1.56 MPa , وكتامة لاختراق الماء.

1. اثر الاسلوب الشامل وفق نموذج فارک والاسلوب المتبع فی تنمیة دافعیة التعلم. 2- اثر الاسلوب الشامل وفق نموذج فارک والاسلوب المتبع فی تعلم عدد من انواع التمریر بکرة السلة 3-المقارنة بین مجموعتی البحث الضابطة والتجریبیة فی الاختبارات البعدیة فی تنمیة دافعیة التعلم وتعلم عدد من انواع التمریر بکرة السلة. واستخدم الباحثان المنهج التجریبی لملاءمته مع طبیعة مشکلة البحث , إذ تکونت عینة البحث من ( 24 ) طالبًا من طلاب السنة الدراسیة الثانیة فی قسم التربیة البدنیة وعلوم الریاضة – کلیة التربیة الأساسیة – جامعة الموصل للعام الدراسی (2020 – 2021) وتم توزیعهم إلى مجموعتین( مجموعة ضابطة وأُخرى تجریبیة) وعن طریق القرعة العشوائیة تم توزیع الأسالیب التعلیمیة على مجموعتی البحث .وتتضمن کل مجموعة ( 12 ) طالب , وتم التجانس بین مجموعتی البحث فی متغیرات (العمر ، الطول ، الکتلة ) والتکافؤ فی متغیرات بعض (عناصر اللیاقة البدنیة والحرکیة, تعلم عدد من انواع التمریر بکرة السلة) تم وضع خطتین تعلیمیتین للمجموعتین والبرنامج یتضمن (6) وحدات تعلیمیة مدة الوحدة الواحدة (90) استخدم الباحثان الوسائل الاحصائیة الاتیة: (النسبة المئویة ، الوسط الحسابی ، الانحراف المعیاری، معامل الارتباط البسیط (بیرسون ) ,معامل الالتواء ،اختبار (T-test) لدلالة الفروق بین المتوسطات للعینات المرتبطة ، اختبار (T-test) لدلالة الفروق بین المتوسطات للعینات غیر المرتبطة (المستقلة). وتوصل الباحثان إلى الاستنتاجات التالیة: 1-اثبت فاعلیة استخدام اسلوبی المتبع والشامل فی تنمیة دافع 2-حقق کل من اسلوبی المتبع والشامل تعلم عدد من انواع التمریر بکرة السلة.

The biological proprieties of mucilaginous polysaccharides (PSc) extracted from Tossa jute leaves (Corchorus olitorius L.) using an ethanol precipitation method were studied. The results showed that PSc had higher total polyphenols and flavonoids and greater antioxidant activities. At 1.5 mg/ml PSc, the antioxidant activities were about 90% against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH•) and 78% against lipid peroxidation. The PSc with a FRAP assay at the same concentration showed an effective protection against hydroxyl radicals and DNA breakage. Furthermore, the extracted PSc had a wide spectrum of antibacterial activities against all bacteria tested (Gram+ and Gram-). The overall data suggested that this natural PSc may be used as a competitive antioxidant and antimicrobial additive in food and in medicinal preparations.

This work has the objective to study the genetic diversity and to evaluate the agronomic potential of local melon cultivars. The morphological characterization of 22 local cultivars of melon based on 32 traits showed that they differ from the commercial variety Ananas. Indeed, the local cultivars are characterized by an early production, larger size and low sugar content of fruit. The genetic diversity of the melon cultivars, assessed using four RAPD markers, showed a polymorphism rate of 95 %. The PCA analysis according to the first three axes which explain 54.7% of total variability indicates a clear distinction between the Ananas variety and the local cultivars. The correlations between distance matrices of the morphological and the molecular data showed that the fruit length, fruit diameter, size of pistil scar and maximum thickness of flesh are significantly correlated with some RAPD markers. This study showed the clear distinction of the local melon cultivars in comparison to the commercial one, which has practical impact by the use of local genotypes to improve some traits in the commercial melon cultivars.

Ce travail, s’inscrit dans le cadre d’évaluer quantitativement les métabolites primaires et qualitativement les métabolites secondaires des trois organes non comestibles (écorces, feuilles et fleurs) des deux cultivars du grenadier (Nabli et Gabsi) afin de mieux valoriser cette ressource naturelle. L’objectif principal est d’effectuer une étude globale qui s’intéresse à la fois sur l’étude de la composition biochimique et sur l’étude organoleptique des organes non comestibles. Les résultats montrent que les teneurs en protéines, en sucres et la composition en acides gras s’accumule différemment selon le cultivar. Ces sousproduits peuvent être considérés comme une culture potentielle qui pourrait être utile pour désigner les sous-produits du grenadier comme ingrédient dans la transformation des aliments, ce qui pourrait offrir des avantages potentiels pour la santé. Par ailleurs, les infusions des écorces, des fleurs et des feuilles possèdent des caractéristiques organoleptiques adaptées aux exigences des panélistes. Nous pourrons conclure que ces extraits peuvent être utilisés dans l’alimentation humaine.

Ce travail a pour objectif d’étudier la diversité génétique des cultivars locaux de melon collecté au sud tunisien. La caractérisation morphologique de 22 cultivars locaux de melon en se basant sur 32 traits a montré qu’ils se distinguent de la variété commerciale Ananas. En effet, les cultivars locaux du Sud se caractérisent par leur précocité, avec des fruits de plus gros calibre et une faible teneur en sucre. La diversité moléculaire des cultivars de melon, évaluée à l'aide de quatre marqueurs RAPD, a montré un taux de polymorphisme global de 95 %. L’analyse ACP selon les trois premiers axes qui résument 54,7 % de la variabilité totale indique une séparation nette entre la variété Ananas et les cultivars locaux. Les corrélations entre les matrices de distance des données morphologiques et des données moléculaires ont montré que les paramètres longueur des fruits, diamètre des fruits, taille de l’attache pistillaire et l’épaisseur maximal de la chair sont significativement corrélés avec plusieurs marqueurs RAPD. Cette étude a montré une nette distinction entre les cultivars locaux de melon et celui commercial, ce qui a un impact pratique par la sélection des cultivars les plus intéressants ou leur utilisation comme géniteurs pour améliorer les variétés commerciales.

هدفت الدراسة الى وضـع تمرينات خاصة لتطوير السرعة الحركية للذراع المسلحة في سلاح سيف المبارزة على الكراسي للشباب، فضلاً عن التعرف على تأثيرها في عينة البحث. واستخدم الباحثان المنهاج التدريبي بتصميم المجموعة الواحدة ذو الاختبار القبلي والبعدي، اختيرت العينة بطريقة عشوائية وهم اللاعبين المصنفين وفقا لآخر تصنيف للاتحاد المركزي للشباب بسلاح سيف المبارزة على الكراسي دون 20 سنه البالغ عددهم (7) لاعبين، خضعت الوحدات التدريبية للإشراف المباشر من قبل الباحثين وبمساعدة مدرب الفريق، اذ تضمن المنهاج التدريبي (8 اسابيع) اثناء مرحلة الاعداد الخاص، وبواقع (3) وحدات في الاسبوع. وبلغت مجموع الوحدات التدريبية الكلي (24) وحدة تدريبية وتم استخدام طريقة التدريب الفتري المنخفض الشدة والفتري المرتفع الشدة، وكانت والشدة المستخدمة لإداء التمرينات بين (65-90%) من اقصى مقدرة للاعب، وبلغ زمن التدريبات المقترحة من الوحدة التدريبية الواحدة بين (20-30) دقيقة واستخدم الباحثان جزء من القسم الرئيس من الوحدة التدريبية والخاص بالجانب المهاري. وتم استخدام البرنامج الاحصائي (SPSS) لمعالجة البيانات احصائياً، واستنتج الباحثان تحقيق عينة البحث تطوراً في السرعة الحركية للذراع المسلحة، ويوصي الباحثان تعميم التمرينات المقترحة على الاندية الرياضية جميعها لغرض الافادة منه في اعداد اللاعبين الشباب والشابات في رياضة المبارزة على الكراسي.

The date palm has some characteristics that make it difficult to study for genes location and identification. Improving productivity, fruit quality and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses is the main objective of molecular analyzes in date palm. In this paper, we examine the considerable progress in this area. Progress in date palm genomics studies was reviewed to provide a useful reference for researchers working in this area. Advances in molecular techniques will facilitate improvement programs using molecular selection.

من أهم المفاهيم الاساسية التي ارتبطت بالانسان هو مفهوم الحرية، لا سيما في الفلسفة المعاصرة، حيث قامت مدارس مشهورة في القرن العشرين بتأسيس ابجدياتها على هذا المفهوم، كالفلسفة الوجودية، ناهيك عن المعالجات الاخرى التي طرحتها باقي المذاهب والشخصيات الفلسفية، وعلى الرغم من تبلور هذا المفهوم بصورة واضحة في الوقت الحاضر، الا انه لم يصل الى ماهو عليه الان دون أن يمر بمنعطفات ورؤى تبنتها العديد من المجالات الفلسفية السابقة، ولا يُستثنى من ذلك المجال الديني، اذ لم تخلو الاديان المتمثلة بنصوصها المقدسة وبرؤى رجالاتها، من معالجة موضوع الحرية، وبطبيعة الحال لم يغب هذا الامر عن الدينين المسيحي والاسلامي، وهو ما سنبحثه في ثنايا بحثنا هذا الموسوم بمفهوم الحرية في اللاهوت المسيحي والإسلامي.

In this paper, the optimal control is analyzed to compare the results of the zero moment point of a bipedal walking robot. Seventeen degrees of freedom bipedal walking robot is manufactured of hard Aluminum sheets. The zero moment point is calculated experimentally and theoretically in the single support phase. MATLAB Simulink is used to simulate the results. The experimental results showed that the lower link takes the settling time is (1) sec, the middle link takes settling time (0.9) sec and the upper link takes (1.1) sec to arrive the desired zero moment point for the bipedal walking robot. The minimum performance index in the experimental parts occurs when the optimal feedback control gain is [35.5 30.4 5 -4]. Hence, the minimum performance index in the theoretical part is [35 31 5.2 -4]. The dimensions of the foot area are (12.3cm×6.3cm), 2.3cm thickness, and 32g weight. Also, the approximate balance area in the double support phase equals the area between the feet of the robot.

Seven simply supported steel beams were tested to explain the effect of existence of external prestressing strands on the shear behavior of steel beams. All of these beams have the same steel section, clear span length and strengthening by two external prestressing strands. The tested beams are divided into two groups according to existence of external prestressing strands, the first group consists of one steel beam as a reference, while, the second group deals with six steel beams strengthening by external prestressing strands divided according to the eccentricity location of prestressing strand (e) ranging from (0 to 165) mm at jacking stress (fpj=814.589 MPa). During the test, it was found that the shear load strain curves for tested beams were slightly stiffer than the reference beams and the percentage of stiffening increase with increase the eccentricity locations from the effective depth for shear zone, while, the maximum shear load increased about (0.173%, 26.086%, 33.043%, 48.521%, 13.739% and 69.565%) with increase the eccentricity location from (0 to 165) mm respectively as compare with the reference beam. On the other hand the maximum shear strain was decreased to 0.507%, 1.015%, 20.304%, 1.776% 25.634% and 28.172% with increase the eccentricity location from (0 to 165) mm respectively as compare with the reference beam.

Since its appearance until now, the law depends on a traditional binary division of people and things, and those things have no value as long as they aren’t in the service on the people. And since nature with all its elements including air, rivers, seas and savage animals...is unable to deal with anything so it’s ignored and not protected by the law, and the law also prohibits litigation for others, and therefore it’s hard to protect nature in all cases. And it seems that the efforts made on the national and international levels by passing new legal rules like the caution principle and the polluter pays principle and other principles didn’t provide enough protection for nature. An american jurist, in order to find the appropriate protection for nature, asked the question : why the tree have no right for litigation so it can defend itself ? This proposition was accepted by some countries and some towns and tribunals, by recognizing the legal personality of nature or one of its elements, this solution isn’t cushy, because it puts nature with all elements in sale rank with human beings, since both of them are a legal person, while law was invented to protect no one but humans, however in the other hand, the recognition of nature’s legal personality doesn’t depend on legal considerations only, but on other considerations too, that’s the main problem which was treated in this intervention.

Trade is an important factor in the spread of Islam and Arab culture in distant regions and regions. The Arabs seized the aid of global trade in the Middle Ages, reaching the peak of economic and financial development in the period between 205 AH / 820 AD and 395 AH / 1045 A.D. Trade during this period in the shadow of Muslim Arabs enjoyed protection, care and revitalization, and from this my research came to shed light on two major regions of the eastern regions, namely the province of Khorasan and the region beyond the river in view of its geographical location, and commercial relations with its inner cities, Or in the context of its commercial relations with the cities Others. The researcher relied on analysis and conclusion to recite the facts, but he faced some difficulties represented by: the lack of historical sources for this important geographical part, and after he made an effort not easily, what was obtained from the historical sources was obtained, and writing a research that included three topics first He dealt with the administrative and political importance of the region, the second focused on industrial aspects, and the third dealt with the issue of commercial centers. تعد التجارة عاملا ً مهما ً من عوامل انتشار الاسلام و الثقافة العربية في مناطق و الاقاليم القاصية ، فقد قبض العرب على أعنة التجارة العالمية في العصور الوسطى بحيث بلغ قمة التطور الاقتصادي والمالي في المدة الواقعة ما بين 205هــ/820م و 395 هــ/1045م ، فقد تمتعت التجارة خلال هذه الفترة في ظل العرب المسلمين بالحماية و الرعاية و التنشيط ، ومن هنا جاء بحثي هذا ليلقي الضوء على موضوع لاقليمين كبيرين من اقاليم الشرق وهما اقليم خراسان واقليم ماوراء النهر نظرا ً لما يتمتع به من موقع جغرافي ، وعلاقات تجارية مع مدنها الداخلية ، أو في أطار علاقاتها التجارية مع المدن الاخرى . اعتمد الباحث على التحليل و الاستنتاج في سرد الوقائع ، ولكن واجهته بعض الصعوبات المتمثلة بــ: عدم توفر المصادر التاريخية عن هذا الجزء الجغرافي المهم ، وبعد أن بذل جهدا ً ليس باليسير تم الحصول على ما يمكن حصوله من المصادر التاريخية ، وكتابة بحث تضمن ثلاثة مباحث أولها تناول الاهمية الادارية و السياسية للاقليم ، و الثاني ركز عن الجوانب الصناعية ، أما الثالث فقد عالج موضوعة المراكز التجارية . وأعتمد الباحث على جملة من المصادر كان أهمها كتاب (تاريخ الرسل و الملوك) للطبري(ت : 310هــ/ 922م) ، وكتاب (فتوح البلدان) للبلاذري ، وكتاب ( المسالك و الممالك) لابن خرداذبه(ت: 300هــ/912م) ، وأيظا ً استفدنا من المراجع ، وكان اهمها كتاب (الطاهريون دراسة في أحوالهم السياسية و الادارية) لقحطان عبد الستار الحديثي ، و(محاظرات في تاريخ الامم الاسلامية) لمحمد الخضري بك ، و(تاريخ الحضارة الاسلامية في الشرق) لمحمد جمال الدين سرور .

La diversité pomologique du figuier (Ficus carica L.) dans les oasis tunisiennes a été étudiée en utilisant les descripteurs morphologiques. Vingt et un cultivars de figuier originaires des oasis de Kébili, Tozeur et Gafsa ont été analysés et comparés. L'analyse de la variance, l'analyse en composantes principales et l'analyse canonique hiérarchique de caractères liés aux fruits montrent une grande diversité au sein des cultivars étudiés. L'étude de cette diversité de germoplasme du figuier permet de détecter des cas homonymes et synonymies. Certains d'entre eux ont été sélectionnés. Parmi les descripteurs de haut degré de discrimination celles relatifs aux dimensions des fruits, la couleur des fruits, etc. Certains traits morphologiques sont susceptibles d'être utilisés comme descripteurs pour la classification des cultivars de figuier en Tunisie.

Date palm gives fruits that make a significant human dietetic through great amounts of different sugars supplement and of minerals. Water, ash and six minerals contents were investigated in dates of 131 individual trees. The geographical effect in mineral content was carried out on tow cultivars, Deglet nour and Alig. New oases of Jerid region, compared to other origins, gave date of Deglet nour with the highest levels of the studied parameters except for the ash and the Calcium contents which were stable between oases. However, old oasis of Jerid region had fruit Alig with the upper levels in phosphorus (0.1 g/100g), sodium (54.76 ppm), magnesium (0.05 g/100g) and iron (0.77 mg/100g); but the lowest in total mineral content (1.75 g/100g) and manganese (0.14 mg/100g). The effect of agronomic traits (maturity period and fruit consistency) was studied basing on 38 different cultivars. Concerning the maturity period, fruits of early ripening cultivars exhibited an elevated concentration in iron (0.87 mg/100g) and calcium (0.024 g/100g) in comparison with those of later maturity cultivars which had the highest ash percent (1.59 g/100g). For the fruit consistency, soft fruits showed the greater Iron content (0.84 mg/100g) but the dry ones exhibited the highest potassium content (0.57 g/100g). These results proposed to consumers that they have to consider the provenance, the fruit consistency and the maturity period which looks as a good indicator for mineral content.

يسعى البحث إلى تقديم إطاراً نظريا وميدانياً والتعرف على طبيعة العلاقة والأثر بين التصنيع المضاف بوصفه متغيراً مستقلاً والمزايا التنافسية بوصفه متغيراً معتمداً، وهو ما دفع إلى تكوين مخطط افتراضي تضمن مجموعة من الفرضيات الرئيسة التي تم اختبارها من خلال استخدام بعض وسائل التحليل الإحصائي للبيانات التي تم جمعها عن المطبعة قيد البحث. وتتحدد مشكلة البحث في كيفية تطبيق التصنيع المضاف في تحقيق المزايا التنافسية في المطبعة عينة البحث. يهدف البحث الى التعرف على واقع التصنيع المضاف ودوره في تحقيق المزايا التنافسية. تمثل مجتمع البحث الافراد في المطبعة عينة البحث واختيرت عينة قصدية متمثلة في (38) فرداً. تم اختيار مطبعة تربية صلاح الدين موقعاً لإجراء البحث. استخدم البحث البرنامج الاحصائي (SPSS Var.25). خلص البحث الى مجموعة استنتاجات كـ: ان تطبيق التصنيع المضاف يحتاج الى اتباع طرق ابداعية وغير تقليدية في التصنيع والانتاج لتحقيق ميزة تنافسية.فضلاً عن تقديم مجموعة من التوصيات كـ: ضرورة ان تدرك المطبعة بان تطبيق التصنيع المضاف لما له من أثر كبير في تحقيق ميزة تنافسية لها، وذلك من خلال زيادة القدرة على المرونة والاستجابة السريعة للمتغيرات البيئية.

أي نوع من الطغيان في راي يسمى الاستبداد. الاستبداد في العقيدة هو أحد الفروع الاستبدادية. في القرآن الكريم ، الأثرياء القاسيون و المستكبر تسمى الطاغية و المستبد. عقيدة التوحيد وعبادة الله في القرآن الكريم ليست بأي حال من الأحوال موافق بالاستبداد، بل ولكن في جميع أنحاء القرآن، يُلاحظ عدم التوافق مع الاستبداد. الطغيان و الديكتاتورية و السلطوية الظالمين، الحكام المتغطرسون و الفراعنة و الفساد ، القوة و الاضطهاد و القمعهم، له عواقب و نتائج. و أهم هذه الأعمال هي: المضايقة ،الاستثمار، الاستضعاف، خلق الخوف ، و خلق فجوة بين الفقراء و الأغنياء ، التهمة، سجن الأبرياء، ختم القلب، الاختناق، الحرمان من الحرية و الدمار و التعذيب و القتل و إنكار الايمان.

Uluslararası ilişkiler kuramlarında estetik kuramlarına artan ilgi uluslararası ilişkilerin doğasını anlamada yeni bir bakış açıcının oluşmasına yardımcı olmaktadır. Bu makale söz konusu ilgiyi inceleyerek, uluslararası ilişkiler kuramında mimetik temsil metodu ile Ortodoks uluslararası ilişkiler kuramları arasındaki sıkı ilişkinin altını çizen postmodern yaklaşımlardan kaynaklanan estetik temelindeki değişimi ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir. Bu değişime ek olarak, bu makale Ortodoks uluslararası ilişkiler kuramlarının, söz konusu kuramı kuran kişinin bakış açısına yerleşik olan bir estetik duyarlılık ile güçlü ilişkisini göstermeye çalışmaktadır.

Le palmier dattier possède certaines caractéristiques qui en font des organismes difficiles à étudier pour la localisation et l’identification des gènes. L’amélioration de la productivité, la qualité du fruit et la résistance aux stress biotiques et abiotiques est le principal objectif des analyses moléculaires chez le palmier dattier. Dans ce papier, nous examinons les progrès considérables dans ce domaine et leur état. On a passé en revue les progrès des études de la génomique chez le palmier dattier afin de fournir une référence utile aux chercheurs travaillant dans ce domaine. Le progrès des techniques moléculaires facilitera les programmes d'amélioration au moyen de la sélection moléculaire

A field Crop experiment was executed at Al-Qurna site (75Km) north of Basrah city during winter season of 2012-2013 to study the effect of four levels of Nfertilizer on the yield of mixture of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with Egyptian berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) which were (0,60,80,120)Kg/h and three seeding rates (40,80,120 Kg/h) from barley which mixtued with fixed rate of rate Egyptian berseem (40Kg/h) on by take three forage yield and quality by take three cutting and the results showed that: using high rate of N-fertilizer (120Kg/h) lead to significant increase of plant height of barley and number of tillers also number of berseem and green forage yield which reach 69.11t/h and increase of protein percentage while the dry forage yield did not differ with second level of N-fertilizer also using high rate of seeding (120Kg/h) of barley with 40Kg/h of berseem lead to barley and number of tillers also fresh and dry yield of forage which reached (73.45, 21.44 t/h) respectively and increase of protein percentage rate of seeding rate which were 18.16% by used 80Kg/h seeding rate of barley with 40Kg/h of berseem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biological proprieties of mucilaginous polysaccharides (PSc) extracted from Tossa jute leaves (Corchorus olitorius L.) using an ethanol precipitation method were studied. The results showed that PSc had higher total polyphenols and flavonoids and greater antioxidant activities. At 1.5 mg/ml PSc, the antioxidant activities were about 90% against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH•) and 78% against lipid peroxidation. The PSc with a FRAP assay at the same concentration showed an effective protection against hydroxyl radicals and DNA breakage. Furthermore, the extracted PSc had a wide spectrum of antibacterial activities against all bacteria tested (Gram+ and Gram-). The overall data suggested that this natural PSc may be used as a competitive antioxidant and antimicrobial additive in food and in medicinal preparations.

This study aims to offer an alternative approach to the implementation of the labor law system in Indonesia. With the approach of Islamic law and socio-legal research as its basic tools for analyzing the implementation of various labor law regulations, the results of the study show; first, various labor problems that arise at this time are caused by, among others, there is no common understanding yet on the concept of equal relationship between workers and employers, the lack of government political will in enforcing the rules, the low skills of labor, uncertainty of market mechanisms, uneven distribution of the worker, and the presence of foreign workers; second, the implementation of the labor system is still far away from the concept of fiqh ijarah; and third, the lack of work spirituality.

يرمي البحث الحالي إلى تعرف (مدى توظيف معايير الجودة الشاملة في دورات إعداد وتدريب مُعلمي اللغة العربية ومُعلماتها في طرائق التدريس لمديريات التربية), ولتحقيق ذلك اختار الباحث مجتمع بحثه المتمثل بالمديريات العامة الست بمحافظة بغداد للعام الدراسي(2018-2019), واستعمل الباحث استمارة الملاحظة التي تتضمن ثلاثة مجالات لمعايير الجودة الشاملة المتمثلة بـ (المجال الأول معايير التخطيط والإعداد للدرس, والمجال الثاني معايير تنفيذ الدرس, والمجال الثالث معايير تقويم الدرس), وتضمنت قائمة استمارة الملاحظة بصيغتها النهائية (42) فقرة, واعتمد الباحث على استخراج الصدق الظاهري لها بعرض هذه المعايير على مجموعة من الخبراء والمحكمين في اللغة العربية وطرائق تدريسها, والقياس والتقويم لبيان رأيهم في صلاحيتها وإبداء آرائهم فيها, واعتمد الباحث الملاحظة المباشرة لمقياس (ليكرت)؛ لأنّه يتصف بالدقة والشمول والثبات, واستعمل الباحث الوسائل الإحصائية الملائمة لبحثه المتمثلة بــ (الوسط المرجح, والوزن المئوي, ومعامل ارتباط بيرسون), وبعد أن حلل الباحث نتائج البحث ظهرت النتائج على النحو الآتي: تصدر المجال الثاني معايير تنفيذ الدرس في المرتبة الأولى, في حين أنّ المجال الأول معايير الإعداد والتنفيذ للدرس أصبح في المرتبة الثانية, أما المجال الثالث معايير التقويم فبقي على ما هو عليه في المرتبة الثالثة, وفي ضوء نتائج البحث يستنتج الباحث أنَّ الدورات التي أقيمت في مديريات الإعداد والتدريب والتي تضمنتها معايير الجودة الشاملة لمُعلمي اللغة العربية ومُعلماتها للمرحلة الابتدائية لَمْ تكن بالمستوى المطلوب, وافتقرت للكثير من المعايير التي تؤكد البرامج الحديثة في ظل التطور والتقدم التكنولوجي لمواكبة ما هو جديد وحديث يخدم العملية التعليمية برمتها. ويوصي الباحث بتوصيات عدة أبرزها: الاطلاع على تجارب الدول المتقدمة والمتطورة في برامج الإعداد والتدريب التي لها شأن في تطور المؤسسة التعليمية, لا سيما مُعلمي اللغة العربية ومُعلماتها, وحث المتدربين على استعمال الطرائق والإستراتيجيات والأساليب والبرامج الحديثة التي لها دور فاعل في المساهمة داخل غرفة الصف. ويقترح الباحث إجراء دراسات عدة أبرزها: إجراء دراسة مماثلة لمُدرسي المرحلة الثانوية, ومُدرساتها في معايير الجودة الشاملة في دورات لاحقة.

This research aims at highlighting the economic role and technical specifications, as well as the sustainable impact of using the Post-Tensioned Slab technology in the construction work, especially in the implementation of high buildings due to the urgent need to find a quick and economical construction alternatives, as well as decreasing the negative environmental impact as a result of horizontal urban expansion to agricultural areas, by supporting the vertical methods of sustainable construction, which lead to a professional execution level of high buildings in accordance with the latest technological and economic methods, and finding a practical solutions to the vertical expansion of cities. This study includes the technical characterization of the post-tensioned slab technology according to the latest international norms (State of Arts), and studying a high building with three alternatives of slabs construction (Flat Slab, Pt Slab, Drop Panel Slab), which gave exact operational indicators for the post-tensioned slabs through comparison with other alternatives. The results of the study showed a significant decrease in the usage of construction resources (Steel and concrete at 53.22% and 39.62%, respectively), as well as a decrease in the thickness of the slab with 25.93%.This study was based on the Ram Concept program for the design of post-tensioned slab, and (Revit & AutoCAD) programs in the architectural design and rise building quantities calculation for each of the three alternatives. يهدف هذا البحث إلى إبراز الدور الاقتصادي والمواصفات الفنية, وكذلك التأثير المستدام لاستخدام تقنية البلاطات اللاحقة الشد في أعمال البناء، لاسيما في تنفيذ الأبنية العالية نتيجة الحاجة الماسة إلى إيجاد بدائل تشييد سريعة واقتصادية، وتخفيض التأثير البيئي السلبي الناتج عن الزحف العمراني الأفقي إلى المناطق الزراعية, عبر دعم الطرائق الشاقولية للتشييد المستدام, مما يؤدي إلى رفع سوية تنفيذ الأبنية العالية وفقا لأحدث الطرائق التكنو اقتصادية, وإيجاد حلول عملية للتوسع الشاقولي للمدن السورية. تتضمن هذه الدراسة التوصيف الفني لتقنية البلاطات اللاحقة الشد وفقا لأحدث النورمات العالمية, وكذلك دراسة مبنى عال وفقا لثلاثة بدائل لتشييد البلاطات, وهي نظام البلاطة المنبسطة والبلاطة اللاحقة الشد والبلاطة المنبسطة مع سقوط (Drop Panel Slab, Pt Slab, Flat Slab), مما أعطى مؤشرات تنفيذية دقيقة للبلاطات اللاحقة الشد من خلال المقارنة مع البدائل الأخرى. اعتمدت هذه الدراسة على برنامج (Ram Concept) من اجل تصميم البلاطات اللاحقة الشد, وكذلك برنامجي (Revit & AutoCAD) في التصميم المعماري وحساب الكميات للمبنى العالي لكل من البدائل الثلاثة. بينت نتائج الدراسة انخفاض ملحوظ في استخدام موارد البناء(فولاذ تسليح و بيتون بنسبة53.22% و 39.62% على التوالي) وكذلك انخفاض سماكة البلاطة بنسبة 25.93 %.

The genetic diversity in local Tunisian watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) was studied using RAPD markers. Eight watermelon cultivars originating from south of Tunisia and belong to four populations were analysed and compared to two commercial varieties (Giza and Sugar-baby) widely produced in this area. Five of nine RAPD primers generated a total of 86 reproducible bands, 85 of which were polymorphic (98.4%). Cluster analysis of the accessions considered in this study employing RAPD data indicated that commercial varieties are significantly different of all the local cultivars. The relationships among the local cultivars (four populations) showed that Medenine population and the most genotypes of Benguerdane population were grouped together and significantly different from Kebili population. The AMOVA showed significant differentiation between populations (27%). In addition, the data showed clusters according to some fruit characteristics such as fruit shape and fruit weight. This proved that RAPD markers are useful for germplasm discrimination as well as for investigation of patterns of variation in watermelon.

Kas merupakan aktiva perusahaan yang sangat mudah untuk membiayai kegiatan suatu perusahaan selain itu kas merupakan salah satu unsur modal kerja yang paling tinggi tingkat likuiditasnya. Semakin besar jumlah kas yang dimiliki oleh suatu perusahaan akan semakin tinggi pula tingkat likuiditasnya untuk itu perlu adanya pengelolaan yang efisien dan efektif . Sistem akuntansi penerimaan kas adalah suatu sistem yang dibuat untuk menangani transaksi penerimaan kas baik dari penjualan tunai maupun piutang yang siap digunakan untuk kegiatan umum perusahaan. Permasalahan yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah sistem akuntansi penerimaan kas pada KJKS BMT Mandiri Sejahtera Karangcangkring Gresik Jawa Timur sesuai dengan sistem akuntansi Perkoperasian Indonesia dan bagaimanakah sistem pengendalian intern penerimaan kas pada KJKS BMT Mandiri Sejahtera Karangcangkring Gresik Jawa Timur? Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui sistem penerimaan kas pada KJKS BMT Mandiri Sejahtera Karangcangkring Gresik Jawa Timur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa sistem dan pola KJKS BMT dalam menjalankan dan melayani usaha perbankan (Simpan Pinjam) dilakukan dengan sistem dan pola Syari'ah. Secara keseluruhan pada pengendalian terhadap penerimaan kas di tempat tersebut sudah berjalan dengan baik, dengan didorong adanya fungsi Bagian Administrasi, Kasir, Akuntansi, Penagihan dan fungsi Pemeriksaan Intern, serta dokumen yang digunakan adalah Buku Tabungan, Kartu Angsuran, dan Kartu Pinjaman. Catatan akuntansi yang digunakan Bukti Kas Keluar, Bukti Kas Masuk, Buku Kas Kasir, Buku Rekapitulasi Harian, Buku Besar, Neraca. Pengendalian intern dalam sistem penerimaan kas dari simpanan pada KJKS BMT Mandiri Sejahtera Karangcangkring adalah organisasi, sistem otoritas, prosedur pencatatan dan praktik yang sehat.

In this research, the researcher developed new innovation in natural sciences learning of elementary school by implementing augmented reality technology. The method that used in this research was research and development method based on Borg and Gall theory which consists often stages: 1) research and information collecting, 2) planning, 3) develop preliminary for more product, 4) preliminary field testing, 5) main product revision, 6) main field testing, 7) operational product revision, 8) operational field testing, 9) final product revision, 10) dissemination and implementation. The result of this research is learning media of natural sciences learning in elementary school by utilizing augmented reality technology. Based on the implementation of experiment, it is obtained the data that learning process using augmented reality which is developed can improve the students’ learning achievement.

Le travail en question étude s’inscrit dans le cadre de l’analyse de discours. Il vise à analyser quelques discours d'un acteur politique marocain connu pour ses sorties médiatiques. Pour ce, nous essayerons de répondre à la question suivante : quelles sont les marques de l’activité subjective mises en œuvre pour projeter une image de soi qui se conforme aux aspirations du peuple ? Autrement dit, nous essayerons de comprendre comment l'acteur politique est présent dans ses réalisations langagières.

Dans l’étude que nous proposons, l’expression de la politesse est considérée comme un phénomène proprement culturel. Le modèle brown-levinsonien de la politesse qui se veut universel est plutôt occidental centrique. Nous sommes plutôt de l’avis d’Escandell-Vidal (1996). Selon cette approche cognitive du phénomène de la politesse, chaque société accorde une valeur particulière aux normes qu’elle observe dans les comportements sociaux. Chaque individu intériorise ce qui est poli ou impoli dans le cadre de sa propre culture. Par ailleurs, notre étude qui se veut d’ordre empirique puise ses exemples dans les comportements langagiers propres à des interactions verbales ordinaires. Les enquêtés en question sont confrontés, en effet, à des situations de communication très variées en fonction des paramètres sociaux suivants : habitudes culturelles, tranche d’âge, sexe, etc.

The objective of this research is to study the effect of adding Styrene Butadiene Styrene polymer SBS as a modifier on the mechanical properties of asphalt binder and hot mixtures asphalt (HMA) and to compare between the properties of the modified and unmodified asphalt binder and hot mix asphalt (HMA) which is used in the rehabilitation of Baghdad province and Al-Basra province highway by paving the surface course of the highway for areas suffers from problems such as rutting and cracks. There are two stages that were used in the laboratory tests on asphalt binder and hot mix asphalt (HMA). The first stage is used laboratory tests without using SBS polymer with asphalt and the second stage is used SBS Polymer with asphalt as an additive material. The results of asphalt binder tests show that the use of SBS Polymer with asphalt binder leads to improving the mechanical properties of the asphalt binder. According to the penetration test, the grade of asphalt is decreased from 61 and 62 to 39. The flashpoint, ductility, and viscosity are increased and the solubility is decreased. The results of the hot mix asphalt test show that the addition of SBS polymer leads to improving the mechanical properties of modified hot mix asphalt. Therefore, the Marshall stability for modified hot mixtures asphalt is increased for all samples. Therefore, the resistance to plastic flow and the load-carrying capacity is improved ...