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The research aims to measure the enhancement of students' interest in learning the Arabic language at Chuo-Airon Elementary School in Narathiwat, Thailand. The teaching method the teacher uses is dull and lacks variety, leading to students' boredom and difficulty understanding Arabic. The research methodology employed is analytical descriptive using a field research approach. Data sources include teachers and students, with data collection tools comprising observation, interviews, and documents. Data were analyzed through data summarization, presentation, and conclusion extraction. The research findings indicate that peer teaching effectively promotes students' interest in learning Arabic and shapes learning and teaching activities. These results are expected to positively contribute to the development of Arabic language learning methods at Chuo-Airon Elementary School.

Judicial provisions are one of the most essential stages in a civil case. We usually notice a paragraph concerning comments on judicial decisions in periodicals and legal magazines in case of repeal against judgments. The aim of this paragraph is to show the advantages and disadvantages of judicial provisions of all decrees issued by all courts. The development in electronic and social communication through various electronic means, in the present times has enabled(facilitated) special platforms (opportunities) pages for social communication and legal forums where people comment on judicial provision. However, since these people may not mainly be specialized in the legal field, there is a possibility of their comments on judicial provisions causing problems. This might require clarifications in addition to proposing legal solutions, and suggestive remedies regarding them.

The study aimed at investigating the cognitive distortions among nurses in Karak Governorate . The sample of the study consisted of (354) nurses distributed in government hospitals and health centers in Karak Governorate. The descriptive survey method was used. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, a measure of cognitive distortions was made up of (42) items, divided into six dimensions: Arbitrary reasoning, selective abstraction, over-generalization, naming, self-blame, and finally after thinking based on emotional conclusions. Their reliability and validity have been confirmed. The results of the study showed that the degree of practice of cognitive deformities among nurses was moderate. There were statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α≤ 0.05) in the cognitive distortions scale of nurses attributable to marital status in favor of married couples. The study recommended the need to dispute the cognitive distortions among nurses by clarifying misconceptions and distorted ideas and replacing them with correct rational ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the fall of the Ottoman Caliphate, the term "civil state" has become popular among Islamist and secularist Arab scholars, and the debate on this term became more acute after recent changes in the Arab world during the past few years. In this article, I would like to present the most crucial elements of this state in Western and Arab thought, and specify the Islamic attitude towards it in order to get to the result that would analyze this concept and its position in the Islamic legal policy. Also, I will discuss this statement by clarifying the meaning of the state and its development in Western thought, and then review the most significant elements of the civil state, which have almost been agreed upon by researchers, to show where they agree or disagree in terms of the Islamic vision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]