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The troublesome contradiction between science and religion, which originated during the Renaissance and was introduced to Indonesia during the colonial era, marked the beginning of the formation of scientific integration. The answer proposed by several colleges is the merger of science and religion in the realm of education. It is envisioned that scientific viewpoints would no longer be independent and open as a result of scientific integration. The purpose of this research is to learn about the idea and execution of Islam and science integration at UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta. This study employs a descriptive qualitative methodology in conjunction with a library research strategy. According to the findings of the study, the notion of Islam and science integration at UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta is an interconnected integration strategy espoused by Amin Abdullah in the concept of scientific integration Spider's Web. The implementation has reached the level of systematic integrative scientific development, beginning with the philosophical level and progressing to the operational level of curriculum preparation and learning processes, or the strategic level.

The strategic role of the curriculum will trigger the efficiency and effectiveness of learning. The curriculum directs all learning activities while essential to realizing a quality educational institution. Seeing the orientation and role of the curriculum, curricular changes can occur at any time by existing needs. Social changes in society and the development of Science and technology should be immediately responded to in curriculum development at every level of Education. This type of qualitative research understands the phenomenon experienced by research subjects, such as action, thought, motivation, and others. At the same time, the researchers used a descriptive approach. The results show that the reality of Arabic language education today should be an excellent opportunity to create brighter prospects for enthusiasts and activists of the Arabic language in the future. Scientific epistemology and curriculum must always be addressed and developed to plan the curriculum to produce a wide range of curriculum specifics.

Seasonal variations in the concentrations of two heavy metals: copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) were determined in the liver and muscles of Mullus the two species barbatus and Siganus rivulatus fish from the southern part of Syrian Coast. The average concentrations of the metals in the fish tissues exhibited the following order: Cu>Pb. The statistical analysis revealed a significant seasonal effect P≤0.05 for Cu and Pb measured. The highest values of the metals were recorded in dry season. The highest concentrations of heavy metals were found in liver tissue of both fish species, while the lowest concentrations were recorded in muscles tissue. The values of the metals detected in the fish muscles (the edible part) were within the permissible limits

This study aimed to investigate the infection of internal parasites of Dentex macrophthalmus in Syrian marine coastal waters. A total of 409 individuals were collected from Ras Al-Basit in the north to Tartus in the south, from the following research stations: Ras Al-Basit, different areas along the Lattakia beach, Jableh, and Tartous, during the period from January 2019 to December 2020. The internal organs (stomach, intestine, and body cavity) of all fish specimens were examined to detect infection with internal parasites. The third-stage larvae of the parasite Anisakis simplex, which belongs to the nematode worms, was isolated from the stomach and gonad walls of D. macrophthalmus. The number of fish infected with this worm reached 53 out of 409 fish individuals studied, with an infection rate of 12.96% and an infection intensity of 2.70 parasites per fish. This study represents the first record of Anisakis simplex isolated from the abdominal cavity of D. macrophthalmus in Syrian marine waters.

تم دراسة النظام الغذائي للنوع Pterois miles الذي يعد من الأنواع الليسبسيانية المهاجرة والتي غزت السواحل الشرقية للبحر الأبيض المتوسط ووصلت إليه من البحر الأحمر عبر قناة السويس وانتشر هذا النوع بأعداد كبيرة وأصبح ينافس الأنواع المحلية على غذائها, موائلها بالإضافة لافتراسها, يعيش هذا النوع على الجروف والقيعان الصخرية والرملية وبين الأعشاب البحرية والشعاب الاصطناعية والهياكل من صنع الإنسان وعلى أعماق تصل حتى 100م. شملت الدراسة تحليل بيانات (259) فرداً من أسماك الأسد والتي تم اصطيادها من المياه البحرية السورية خلال عام كامل (2019-2020), وتبين نتيجة الدراسة أن هذا النوع الغازي مفترس عام انتهازي يشكل تهديداً خطيراً على الثروة السمكية المحلية اذ تشكل الأسماك الغذاء الرئيسي له يليها القشريات عشاريات الأرجل وبشكل خاص الجمبريات ثم السرطانات, كما أن هذه الأسماك الغازية سامة بسبب امتلاكها أشواك مفرزة للسم, وتشكل خطراً على صحة الإنسان بشكل عام والصيادين والغواصين بشكل خاص قد يصل حد الوفاة. لذلك لابد من رصد وتتبع هذه الأنواع الغازية باستمرار ومراقبتها والتعرف على بيولوجيتها من أجل حماية الثروة السمكية المحلية ذات الأهمية الاقتصادية.

تم في هذا البحث دراسة التغيرات الموسمية والفروق الجنسية على التركيب الكيميائي لأسماك البوري دهبان C. auratus التي تم اصطيادها من المياه البحرية لمحافظة اللاذقية، تم تقدير كل من الرطوبة والبروتين الخام والدهون الخام والرماد كنسبة مئوية في عضلات الأسماك التي تم اصطيادها، كما تم ربط النتائج بكل من (الموسم والجنس (ذكر وأنثى))، أظهرت النتائج أن فصل الخريف كان الأعلى من حيث المكونات الغذائية (بروتين 22.02%، دهون 10.58%، رماد 2.38%) في حين كان فصل الصيف هو الأخفض (البروتين 20.56%، الدهون 4.68%، الرماد 1.72%)، كما أظهرت النتائج تفوق الإناث في قيم المكونات الغذائية على الذكور حيث كانت القيم للإناث ( البروتين 21.54%، الدهون 7.9%) وللذكور (البروتين 21.12%، الدهون 7.3%) في حين لم تبد قيم الرماد فروق معنوية بين الجنسين.

تُعد أسماك السلمورة Pagellus acarne (Risso, 1826) مكوناً هاماً من مصيد المياه البحرية السورية. تم إجراء هذا البحث على 1494 فرداً من أسماك السلمورة التي جُمعت من المياه البحرية السورية باستخدام وسائل الصيد المحلية (الشباك المبطنة، الشباك الغلصمية)، خلال الفترة الممتدة بين شهر أيار عام 2019 وحتى نهاية شهر نيسان عام 2021. كانت نسبة الجنس الإجمالية 1:1.25 لصالح الذكور، وأظهر التوزع التكراري للأطوال تبعاً للجنس أن الذكور سيطرت ضمن مجال الأطوال (13.1-16) سم، بينما كانت الإناث ممثلة بدرجة عالية عند طول كلي أكبر من 16 سم، مما يؤكد انقلاب الجنس الذي تم وصفه مسبقاً لهذا النوع الخنثوي مبكر الذكورة. حدث انقلاب الجنس عند طول كلي 15.6 سم، وكان الطول عند أول نضج جنسي 12.6 سم للذكور و 13.2 سم للإناث. أظهر حساب معامل النضج الجنسي GSI(%) والدراسة الشكلية لنضج المناسل أن موسم التكاثر امتد من شهر تشرين الأول وحتى نهاية شهر كانون الأول.

تضمنت الدراسة الحالية قياس تراكيز كل من النحاس (Cu) والرصـاص (Pb) في عضلات وكبد النوع السمكي الاقتصادي الغريبة (Forsskål & Niebuhr, 1775) Siganus rivulatus، التي تم جمعها من ثلاثة مواقع في الساحل السوري تتباين بدرجة تلوثها خلال الفترة من آب 2019 إلى أيار 2020، بهدف معرفة تراكيز هذين العنصرين في أنسجة هذه الأسماك وانتقالها ضمن السلسلة الغذائية ثم وصـولها الـى الانسان. كانت تراكيز كلا العنصرين المدروسين النحاس والرصاص أخفض في العضلات وفق متوسط (0.636 و0.0185 ميكروغرام / غرام وزن رطب) على التوالي، مقارنة مع الكبد وفق متوسط (40.48 و 0.179 ميكروغرام / غرام وزن رطب) على التوالي. لُحظت تغيرات في تراكيز عنصري (النحاس والرصاص) حسب مناطق الاعتيان. سَجلت تراكيز كل من النحاس والرصاص في العضلات قيماً ضمن الحدود المسموح بها من قبل منظمة الزراعة والأغذية العالمية، ولذلك فهي لا تشكل خطراً على صحة الانسان المستهلك النهائي لها.

The spread of hoax news related to whether it is safe or not and whether or not the use of the Covid-19 vaccine is lawful has created a pro-contra attitude among the Indonesian people towards the Covid-19 vaccination program. For this reason, the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) has issued a fatwa to provide legal enlightenment on the halal use of the Covid-19 vaccine. This study examines in depth the construction of the fatwa and identifies the Islamic law development model used in constructing the fatwa. This research is purely philosophical normative and uses the models of Islamic legal development proposed by Jasser Auda. The results of the study conclude that the construction of the MUI fatwa on the halalness of the Sinovac vaccine had used a holistic model of Islamic law. This is indicated by some characteristics inherent in the construction of the fatwa namely : (i) the wholeness and multidimensional character, which is indicated by the use of universal textual arguments ('aam). (ii) the purposive character, which isindicated by the use of various fiqh rules emphasizing the realization of benefit as the basis and orientation of legal determination. (iii) the openness characterwhich is indicated by the acceptance of the health and medical science principles which incidentally is outside the field of Islamic law

This study was performed on the smoothhound shark: Mustelus mustelus (Linnaeus, 1758), during the period between December 2005 and April 2009, in the Eastern Levant along the Syrian coast. A total of 222 specimens examined (143 females, 79 males) discerned: The monthly sampling showed: the Smoothhound shark, M. mustelus were normally caught throughout the year, mainly in spring and summer, at fishing sites from Raas Albassit to Tartus city (34º. 40΄and 35º.80΄ N, 35º.70΄and 36º.05΄ E) of the Syrian coast, from shallow water to depth 250 m. The coefficient of void of total specimens stomachs was high (C.V=61.7 %), values were almost equal between males and females, the higher value recorded for adult females (C.V =62.5 %). The prey items belong to three collections: (Bony fish, Crustaceans, and Mollusks), bony fish occupy the first position for: Coefficient of feeding (Q=1560.4), Frequency of prey index (91.8 %), Gravimetric percentage of prey index (C.P=38.6 %). Crustaceans came in the first position for Numerical Percentage of Prey Index (C.N=45.6 %).

This study was performed on the Gymnura altavela (Linnaeus, 1758), during the period between July 2011- June 2012, in the Syrian coast. A total of 58 examined samples (26 males and 32 females) showed that the size which female start maturation at 701 mm of disk width (DW), while the males start maturation at 682 mm. Females were always larger than males, the largest female and male were 1342 mm, 893 mm (DW), and the total weigh were (20170 g, 5071 g) respectively. G. altavela is a non-placental ovoviviparous species. The female has two ovaries, the left one is active, and the right one is atrophic. Female gestate the embryos in two uteri. Gestation could continue 9-12 months. Ovulation occurs at end of summer and at beginning of autumn, parturition occurs at end of spring and beginning of summer. One reproductive cycle occurs per year. Average of disk width and weight of fully-developed fetuses were 290 mm and 246 g. respectively. Fecundity ranges one to four newborns per litter, embryos and fetuses are symmetrically distributed in two uteruses, with increasing to left one, the ratio was 1:1.2, average of uterine fecundity was (3), average of ovarian fecundity was (6.3).

This study was carried out in the Marine Sciences Laboratory of Agriculture Faculty at Tishreen University, in collaboration with the Higher Commission for Scientific Research, on the Small Spotted Catshark Scyliorhinus canicula (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Syrian marine water (Eastern Levant of Mediterranean sea); From Rass Albassit northward ( 35° 55  N), to the Lebanese borders southward (°34 50´ N). During the period January 2012 to September 2013. 417 specimens (231 females, 186males) were collected at depths 50-250 m, from sandy or sandy-muddy bottoms by different fishing gears; mainly hook sub bottom. S. canicula suffers an overfishing into the Syrian marine water. The highest fishing quantity was during spring and summer. The total length of specimens ranged from 225 to 515 mm TL, and weighed from 22 - 380 g. Smallest specimens matured of males and females were 355, 350 mm, respectively. The total length ranged from 355 -500 mm TL for adult males, and 350 -515 mm TL for adult females. S. canicula is an oviparous species. The largest yolky oocytes diameter was 12 mm, and weighed 1.3 g. The ripe oocytes is covered and ovulated as an egg capsule. The length of egg capsules ranged from 42 -50 mm, their width from 16-18 mm, and their mass reached to 4.8 g.

تعد أرانب البحر من الرخويات القاعية، تنتشر في المياه الدافئة والمعتدلة والاستوائية في جميع أنحاء العالم، تم جمع ثمانية أفراد من النوع Bursatella Leachii Blainville, 1817(Mollusca, Opisthobranchia, Aplysiidae)، وفرد واحد من النوعGoniobranchus annulata, Eliot, 1904 (Mollusca: Opistobranchia: Chromodorididae) في المياه البحرية السورية لشاطئ مدينة جبلة أثناء مسح شامل للمجتمع الحيوي Biocenose المرافق لسرطانات Eriphidae على القاع الصخري الضحل خلال الفترة الممتدة بين 30 آذار إلى20 حزيران 2021.

Abstract This article aimed to examine the structure of Javanese singir as an adaptation work of poetry tradition originating from outside Javanese culture and its function for the reading community. This study compared the six Javanese singirs of the library of Universitas Indonesia (Singir Ahli Suwarga, Singir Dagang, Singir Kiamat, Singir Nasihat Jaman Akhir, Singir Patimah, and Singir Santri) with some Arabic and Malay poetry and then discussed them in the social context of Javanese coastal communities. Through a comparative structural approach and sociological studies, this article found that Javanese singir was structurally linked with Arabic poetry rather than with Malay poetry. This could be found in the metrum system which was close to the metrum of kamil majzu’, and various rhyming patterns which were a combination of murabba’ rhyme and muzdawij. The influence of Malay poetry in the six singirs seemed to have little effect, which was limited to aspects of the rhyme pattern a-a-a-a, b-b-b-b that were not fully used. Through an examination of the connection between the six singirs and the reading community, this article also found that there were two functions of singir; entertaining, and didactic functions that taught various social and religious aspects to the Javanese santri community.

This study aims to discuss the meaning of Repen Ripangi as a literary narrative manuscript of Adipati Panji Suryakusuma, Regent of Semarang which was then composed in the form of macapat song by Panji Jayasubrata. By placing it in the context of social and political history in Java in the nineteenth century, the text reveals the tension between the two social elites during the colonial period in a form of narrative poetry. This research used qualitative method with representation theory. The results show that the writing of Repen Ripangi in the form of narrative poetry was not merely an aesthetic expression of the author Javanese priayi, but also a means of representation which goal is the stigmatization of Kiai Ahmad Arrifai as a kiai who brings apprehension in society. In addition, another goal of the representation in Repen Ripangi was to strengthen of the penghulu as one of religious authorities in Java during the colonial period and the defense of priyai interests and their political patrons, namely the colonial government in Java.

أُجري هذا البحث خلال الفترة الممتدة من شهر تشرين الثاني 2018 وحتى شهر كانون الأول 2020، بهدف رصد الأنواع التابعة لفصيلة الأسبورات (Sparidae) في المياه البحرية السورية. جُمعت العينات السمكية من مواقع إنزال المصيد الممتدة على طول الساحل السوري (رأس البسيط، اللاذقية، جبلة، طرطوس) والمصطادة من قبل الصيادين ضمن المياه الأقليمية السورية حصراً، باستخدام وسائل الصيد المختلفة (أقفاص، الشباك الغلصمية، الشباك المبطنة، شباك جرف قاعي، الخيوط الطويلة، الصيد بالقصبة، الصيد بالرمح ..) ونُقلت العينات إلى مخبر علوم البحار ومخبر الأسماك في كلية الزراعة جامعة تشرين لأخذ القياسات المورفولوجية (الشكلية) و المورفومترية (القياسية). تم تصنيف الأنواع السمكية وفقاً للمفاتيح التصنيفية العالمية. أظهرت نتائج الدراسة وجود (25) نوعاً سمكياً تابعاً لـ (11) جنس من فصيلة Sparidae. وسجل لأول مرة النوعان السمكيان المهاجران في المياه البحرية السورية: Pagellus bogaraveo مهاجر من المحيط الأطلسي وغرب البحر المتوسط إلى الحوض الشرقي للبحر المتوسط، و Pagrus major أصله من المحيطين الهندي والهادي ومُدخَل إلى البحر المتوسط، ووصل مؤخراً إلى الشواطئ السورية. ومن جهة أخرى هناك 5 أنواع مسجلة في المياه البحرية السورية سابقاً لم يتم رصدها خلال هذه الدراسة.

This study was performed on Thornback ray (Raja clavata L., 1758) through the period January 2013 - October 2014. It aimed to determine the reproductive cycle , fecundity and to determine median disc width at maturity (DW50 ) of this species. A total of 193 specimens, 107 females and 86 males were studiedfrom the Syrian coast. Median sizes (DW50) and (TL50) at maturity were estimated as DW50 = 333 mm, TL50 = 480 mm for males and DW50 = 406 mm, TL50 = 575 mm for females. This species posses a continuous reproductive cycle around the year in Syria marine waters. Fecundity was estimated between 87.7 and 175.4 egg cases per year.

This study examines the management pattern and Human Resource utilization in Baznaz Ponorogo. The goal is to find out how far the principles of HR management are implemented in the agency. The result of the study shows that the pattern of management and human resources utilization in Baznas Ponorogo covers all aspects, from the recruitment process, placement, until the evaluation of employee performance. In every stage of the process, Baznas Ponorogo not only relies on the principle of professionalism but also considers personal integrity and spiritual maturity aspects. Such is done based on the consideration that a job, if done professionally and sincerely, will yield ina higher value and quality.

This research focuses on solutions to the Javanese Muslim community in order to be able to carry out marriages with Javanese customs which are suitable with Islamic values and avoided from shirk. This research is a qualitative research with a cultural antrolopology approach. The data is taken from the library as library research, such as books and articles that explain the procedures for marriage with Javanese customs. By using descriptive-analytical method, the researcher analyzes the procedures of marriage with Javanese customs which are in accordance with Islam and which are contrary to Islamic sharia based on theory ‘urfin Islam. The results showed that there were six kinds of rituals and symbols that contained elements of shirk and violated the Islamic shari'a, those are 1) the ritual of determining the good day to carry out the marriage; 2) the ritual of choosing a mate by counting weton; 3) wear claw patterned fabric when installing tarub; 4) the splash ritual; 5) midodareni, and 6) betel throw.

This study was conducted during July 2018 to July 2019 at an average of two visits per month in the Lake Dam 16th of Tishreen in two sites, fish farm (floating cages) and reservoir (near agricultural land). The results showed that there are five species of aquatic birds belong to three orders and three Families namely; Great White Egret, Egretta alba L.1758, little White Egret, Egretta garzetta, Gray Egret Ardea cinerea, Sura, Fulica atra and Cormorant, Phalacrocorax aristotelis. As a result of monitoring and observation of each in the two selected sites, 1969 and 1222 scenes were recorded in the first and second sites, respectively. The Small White Egret was recorded the highest percentage of frequency near to the cages, while the Great White Egret was the second. The number of recorded individuals was varied according to the months of the year. It was 126 individuals for Cormorants in January 2019, 365 for Small Egret in May 2019 while Gray Egret did not notice during July, August, September and October of 2018. Some ecological factors, specific richness coefficient, degree of stability, variation coefficient, dominance coefficient and species richness factor showed that the most abundance species were Large White Egret and Small White Egret (with 50% for each) followed by Fulica atra , Cormorants and Grey heron (with 37.5% for each). أجري البحث خلال الفترة من تموز2018 م إلى تموز 2019م بمعدل جولتين شهرياً في بحيرة 16سد تشرين ، أظهرت النتائج وجود خمسة أنواع من الطيور المائية منتمية إلى ثلاث رتب و ثلاث فصائل, وهي: البلشون الأبيض الكبير Egretta alba , البلشون الأبيض الصغير Egretta garzetta , البلشون الرمادي Ardea cinerea, طائر الغرة Fulica atra , وطائر الغاق Phalacrocorax aristotelis . نتيجة للرصد والمراقبة في الموقعين المختارين من البحيرة هما: المزرعة السمكية (الأقفاص العائمة), الخزان (قرب الأراضي الزراعية), سجل /1969/ فرداً و /1222/ فرداً في الموقعين الأول و الثاني على التوالي, وسجل طائر البلشون الأبيض الصغير أعلى نسبة مصادفة حول الأقفاص, بينما شغل طائر البلشون الأبيض الكبير المرتبة الثانية. تباينت أعداد الأفراد المسجلة تبعاً لأشهر السنة, فكانت /126/ فرداً لطائر الغاق في شهر كانون الثاني, و/365/ فرداً لطائر البلشون الأبيض الصغير في شهر أيار بينما لم يظهر البلشون الرمادي خلال أشهر تموز, آب, أيلول , تشرين الأول( (2018م. كما درست بعض المعاملات البيئية (معامل الغنى النوعي, معامل السيادة, درجة الثبات, معامل الاختلاف, دليل التنوع) فتبين أن أكثر الطيور ثباتاً خلال جميع الجولات تقريباً هما البلشون الأبيض الكبير و البلشون الأبيض الصغير بدرجة ثبات 50 % يليهما طائر الغاق و الغرة و البلشون الرمادي بـ 37.5%.

The objective of this research was to determine the changes in fatty acids contents, and chemical quality indices in Scomber japonicus (one of the Syrian commercial marine fish species) during frozen storage at (-18 °C). Fish samples were randomly collected from landing sites along the coast of Tartus governorate and kept at (0-4) °C immediately after fishing. They were then transferred to the laboratory in less than an hour, and treated by special methods, and similar samples were frozen and stored at (-18°C). The edible muscles were analyzed of Fresh and frozen at consecutive time intervals: (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180) day. The results showed that Unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), ( EPA; C20:5 ω3) and (DHA; C22:6 ω3) acids were higher than Saturated fatty acids (SFA) in fresh samples, but after 120 day of frozen storage, this ratio reversed. The numbers expressing the value of (TBA), Peroxide value (PV), Free Fatty acids (FFA), and pH values, increased during frozen storage due to lipid oxidation. هدف البحث الحالي إلى تحديد التغيرات في محتوى الأحماض الدهنية ومؤشرات الجودة الكيميائية في لحم سمك السكمبري الشائع Scomber japonicus، الذي يعدّ أحد الأنواع السمكية البحرية السورية ذات الأهمية الاقتصادية أثناء التخزين بالتجميد على (-18) مْ، جٌمعت العينات السمكية بشكل عشوائي من مواقع الإنزال لشاطئ محافظة طرطوس ثم حٌفظت على درجات حرارة منخفضة (4-0) مْ بعد الصيد مباشرةً بانتظار نقلها إلى المخبر خلال أقل من ساعة، ومعاملتها بطرائق خاصة، ثم جمدّت وخزنت عينات مماثلة على (18-) مْ، وتم تحليل العضلات المأكولة فقط بالحالة الطازجة والمجمدة على فترات زمنية متتالية:(0، 30، 60، 90، 120، 180) يوماً من التجميد. أظهرت النتائج أن نسبة الأحماض الدهنية عدم التشبع (UFA)وبشكلٍ خاص محتواها من (EPA, C20:5, w3) . (w3 (DHA, C22:6, كانت أعلى من نسبة الأحماض الدهنية المشبعة(SFA) للعينات الطازجة، بينما لوحظ وجود معدل عكسي بنهاية مدة التجميد، زادت الأرقام المعبرة عن قيمة حامض الثيوباربتويريك(TBA) ، رقم البيروكسيد (PV)، الأحماض الدهنية الحرة (FFA)، رقم (pH) خلال مدة التجميد بسبب أكسدة الدهون.

The research was carried out at Alsen research center of the General Authority for Fisheries in the Banias region–Tartus Governorate - during two agricultural seasons 2018-2019, in order to study the effect of irrigation with fish culture effluent on some morphological characteristics and some productive characteristics of peanut yield (Syrian 1). The experiment consisted of five treatments: Irrigation with freshwater. (control, T1), irrigation with fish culture effluent (T2), irrigation alternately with fish culture effluent tri and freshwater once (T3), irrigation alternately with fish culture effluent once and freshwater once (T4), irrigation alternately with fish culture effluent once and freshwater tri (T5). The experiment was done according to the completely randomized block design with three replicates. Soil and water samples were collected and analyzed. Results of the study showed: The irrigation in waste water fish ponds adds positive effect on the morphological characteristics and improves the productive characteristics. It was observed that irrigation with water of mature fish ponds exceeded of the witness.(control). The research concluded to highlight the importance of using the drainage water of fish ponds to irrigate the peanut crop (Syrian-1) for the richness of this water with dissolved solids.

Innovation of education always becomes hot topic to be discussed from time to time because the fact shows that conventional learning methods are still used in educational institutions. Teachers are always viewed as experts who totally hold the power to transfer knowledge and give doctrines to students. The time has come to change this condition. Lesson study (LS) may be one of ways to shift such old paradigm. In that way, teachers should open their classes to be observed by anyone involved in learning process and activities. Therefore, teachers will know weaknesses and strengths of their methods.This article examines LS as an alternative model of improving professionalism of PAI teahers. The model can be aplied based on the principles of colleagues and mutual learning in order to establish a learning community through a gradual and cyclics steps.

This work was designed to investigate the effect of temperature of frozen storage and its duration on some chemical properties (Protein, Ash, Moisture,Lipid) of fishes Rabbit fish (Siganus rivulatus). The fishes were subjected (from one weak to 150 day) of frozen storage at two different degrees of low temperatures (-18 C,-24 C). Chemical analysis were done including evaluation of (Protein, Ash, Moisture, Fat), for study type and the two freezing degree during the following freezing periods/7, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 day/. The study was carried out between September 2011 and May 2012 in Technical Engineering Faculty in Tartus , Tishreen University.Protein gradually decreases with increasing duration of frozen storage,compared with the fresh samples which recorded (20.6%) ,while (17.03, 17.99%) were recorded for fish samples that were frozen for (150) day at(-24, -18 C). On the other hand, The study showed no change in percentage proportions of ash during freezing duration for samples our study type and at the two freezing degrees /-24, -18 C/,compared with the fresh samples. The study showed a decrease of the percentage of moisture in the first periods of storage and then arise in recent periods of freezing. The study showed a clear decrease with the percentage of fat from the first week freezing until the end of the freezing duration,for samples our study type and at the two freezing degrees /-24, -18 C/,while the percentage of fat which frozen for /7, 150/ day respectively at /-24 C/was /7.12, 3.3%/, and at /-18 C/ was/ 7.12, 3.36%/.Note that this apparent decrease of fat percentage was faster when freezing at /-18 C/ compared with freezing at /-24 C/.

This article intends to examine the concept of manhaj and dawabit in issuing a fatwa. An account for manhaj attained through the consensus of fiqh scholars'opinions to assess its validity and compatibility with the syariah rulings. It further argues the importance of the knowledge of social science as an additional tool in issuing fatwa and extracting syariah rulings. It is acknowledged that issuance of fatwa only focuses on the zanniyy matters. However, the using of dawabit requires strict monitoring so that it will not go beyond the limits enshrined in the Quran and Sunnah. In principle, dawabit employed by the Prophet's companions had been arranged according to the systematic rules, known as manhaj or methods. A coherent and certain manhaj is the sole guideline referred to by the mujtahid in issuing fatwa from time immemorial. To comprehend the manhaj is vital to enable us to distinguish the thoughts and Ideas that were primarily based on correct principles and reasoning from those merely based on speculation or assumptions.

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Background: Despite the importance of patient satisfaction as an indicator of care quality, no data are available on the satisfaction of mothers whose children admitted to hospitals. This study aimed to evaluate the mothers' satisfaction of hospital care in the pediatric ward of Kashan Shahid Beheshti hospital. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted using the pediatric family satisfaction (PFS) questionnaire and through interviewing with 280 mothers during 2010-11. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive statistics. Results: Mean maternal age of subjects was 28.04 years. Average age of admitted children was 2.4 years and the mean of hospital stay 4.97 days. The mothers were dissatisfied with doctors for not being available on time and their failure to notify the results of their child's tests. They were also dissatisfied with nurses for the lack of education about their child's treatment and also the lack of post-discharge care. The mothers were also dissatisfied with welfare services (e.g. providing an appropriate play room for children (71.4%). Average satisfaction scores for the medical, nursing and welfare staff were 22.25±6.19, 29.05±6.88 and 26.68±6.93, respectively. A significant relationship was observed between the child's disease and the mother's satisfaction (P<0.0001). Conclusions: Overall satisfaction with medical, nursing and welfare staff was low in pediatric ward of this hospital. Doctors and nurses' attention to the quality of care can reduce the levels of dissatisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Population and family planning course is presented for different university disciplines in order to promote students' awareness toward family planning issues. This study was performed to determine the role of population and family planning course in knowledge and attitude of female BS (Bachelor of Science) students of Tabriz University toward family planning issues, compare the achieved knowledge in different groups of students, and determine their attitude toward the gender of this course's teacher. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 336 students were selected from all Female BS students entered into Tabriz University in the years 2004 and 2005, through multistage sampling method in the year 2007. A questionnaire in two sections of knowledge and attitude, each including three subjects of family planning, family organization, and demography was distributed among them. Data was analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics, T-test, T independent test, and ANOVA. Results: Comparing the knowledge scores of family planning, family organization, and demography of taught students which respectively were 1.66, 8.04, and 7.88, to those of untaught students which were respectively, 0.58, 4.28, and 3.76, showed a significant difference. Also the attitude scores of taught students in the same subjects were respectively, 21.30, 22.10, and 21.20 and of untaught students were respectively, 19.26, 20.02, and 19.79, which their comparison revealed a significant difference. But no significant difference was observed between the achieved knowledge of students in different educational groups. Most female students preferred female teacher for this course. Conclusion: Formal and academic education plays an essential role in enhancing the individuals' knowledge and attitude. It is recommended to put effort on teaching family planning programs and choose female teachers in order to enrich the education for female students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One male specimen of the species Metapenaeus stebbingi Nobili, 1904 was first recorded in November 2021 from the Iraqi territorial waters, Northwest of the Arabian Gulf. Therefore, the investigated shrimp species nominally corresponds to the original description of M. stebbing through the main diagnostic features. It must be adopted in the spread and expansion of species, a new record of the area, and a distinctive addition to the species of commercial shrimp within the Iraqi marine waters.

This article aims to address the questions related to the support and rejection of figures of Islamic mass organizations to the concept of the caliphate. Some of the previous literature limited the object to the behavior of the Muslim community towards the ideology of the caliphate in the historical context and its relation to the modern state, neglecting the source of inspiration for the caliphate ideology as understood and perceived by figures of mass organization Indonesia. Therefore, using a phenomenological approach, the researchers attempt to fill the gap in this particular issue. This research was conducted in two cities in Indonesia, Aceh and West Java. This form of field study takes a phenomenological approach and thus is exploratory. Interviews and documentation have been used to collect data. This research found three main tendencies of Islamic mass organizations in Aceh and West Java in understanding the concept of the caliphate, textualist-substantive, contextualist-substantive, and ideological-political. Textualist-functionalists see the Islamic caliphate as mandatory, without having to change the ideology or identity of a country. Contextualist-Substantive argues that the Khilafah is a value that does not contradict with Pancasila's state ideology. Ideological and political Islamists believe that the fight to establish an Islamic State, or Daulah Islamiyyah Khilafah, is a necessity and even an obligation.

The exercise of the right to register marriage and divorce frequently has to deal with the complexity of the administrative procedure. Consequently, many marriages and divorces are not registered in state institutions which lead to the next difficulty of registering new marriages for those who unregistered their divorce previously. However, a different fact happens in Lengayang, where local and state authorities collaborated to tackle administrative constraints. This paper sheds light on the shortcut taken by the Lengayang people who falsified the death of their spouses to legally register their new marriages. Data was collected through interviews and document analysis. It is then analyzed qualitatively. This article reveals that the falsification of death was utilized by Lengayang people to wittingly subdue the legal administration. This practice was backed up by the local authorities, such as ninik mamak as a customary institution, wali jorong or wali nagari as the head of the villages. The economy (the high cost), the geography (the distance of the religious court from people's domiciles), and the deadlock of social relationships between spouses foster this falsification. [Abstrak: Pelaksanaan pendaftaran perkawinan dan perceraian seringkali harus berhadapan dengan kompleksitas administrasi. Akibatnya, banyak perkawinan dan perceraian yang tidak dicatatkan di lembaga negara yang mengakibatkan sulitnya pencatatan perkawinan baru bagi mereka yang tidak mendaftarkan perceraiannya sebelumnya. Namun tidak bagi masyarakat Lengayang, di mana otoritas adat (lokal) dan otoritas negara bekerja sama untuk mengatasi kendala administratif tersebut. Tulisan ini menyoroti tindakan administrasi yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat Lengayang yang memalsukan kematian mantan pasangannya untuk mendaftarkan pernikahan barunya secara resmi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dan analisis dokumen. Data kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif. Artikel ini mengungkapkan bahwa pemalsuan kematian dimanfaatkan oleh sebagian masyarakat di Lengayang untuk (secara sadar) menerobos hambatan administrasi hukum perkawinan. Praktik ini didukung oleh penguasa setempat, seperti ninik mamak sebagai kepala suku dan wali jorong atau wali nagari sebagai kepala desa. Mahalnya biaya, jauhnya jarak geografis ke Pengadilan Agama, dan mandeknya relasi (komunikasi) antara suami istri mendorong praktik pemalsuan kematian ini.

This paper examines K.H. Hasyim Asy'ari's concept of walāya (sainthood) by directly exploring his works such as Al-Durar al-Muntaṭirah fī Masā'il al-Tis'a 'Asharah, Ādāb Al-Ālim Wa Al-Muta’alim, and Tamyīz al-Haqq min al-Bāṭil. The reason for writing his books on Sufism is the phenomena of misunderstandings and deviations in the teachings of Sufism, especially among tarekat groups. This article is library-based research and the data are collected by applying documentary techniques; referring to books, journal articles, and other published materials. The data were then analyzed using the descriptive-analytical method. This study reveals that the concept of sainthood of K.H. Hasyim Asy’ari was influenced by the views of classical Sufis, among others, is al-Qusyairi. Generally, his understanding is similar to those of authoritative Sufis. According to him, walī is a person very close to God and he is protected from doing immoral acts. For that matter, a person who ignores the Shari'a (Islamic law) is not walī. In fact, a true walī will not reveal himself to be a walī, even if he knows.

The presence of Islamic insurance is an alternative, in order to avoid conventional insurance which is considered to have elements of usury, maytsir, gharar and zholim. In the era of economic disruption, Islamic insurance players and customers are waiting for the direction of strategic policies from the government as regulator and facilitator. The formulation of a sharia insurance development strategy policy begins with analyzing the obstacles to developing sharia insurance in Indonesia. These constraints mean that the number of sharia insurance customers in Indonesia is not maximal. These obstacles include the lack of socialization and promotion, inadequate use of technology, lack of product and service development, lack of knowledge, and the existence of conventional insurance. Based on these constraints, strategies for developing sharia insurance in Indonesia that can be carried out include maximizing socialization and promotion, maximizing the use of technology, developing products and services, increasing literacy, and market penetration. This research is aimed at analyzing the constraints and development strategies of Islamic insurance using a mathematical method, namely the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method, so that policy recommendations are supported by scientific studies. Furthermore, in this study the ANP method was adopted in a survey design involving a number of respondents. The heterogeneity of the assessments of a number of respondents is expected to provide a more rational alternative. The results of the analysis using the ANP method are priority constraints in order to get more attention and priority strategies that can be used to formulate policies to make them more focused.

This research aims to understand the relationship between socioeconomic factors, production, transparency with religiosity. The effects of socio-economic factors, production, transparency, and religiosity on the sharecropping contract system. Design/methodology/approach: The author has administered a survey to 800 respondents. The respondents were asked to give their responses based on a five-point Likert scale. The data has been tested with SEM to show the relationship between the various factors. Finding: SEM results show that H1 is not supported while H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, and H7 are supported. Findings show that religiosity impacts the sharecropping system while the interaction between religiosity and transparency on the sharecropping system is significantly negative. Therefore, the current sharecropping contract system in East Java does not operate following Islamic values.

This research aimed to seek the influence of waqf understanding on cash waqf intention of the mosque congregation at the District of Ponorogo. The method employed in this study is multiple regressions with primary data collected from 150 respondents of 5 big mosques in the District of Ponorogo within the questionnaire. The result of the study shows that all variables of waqf understanding namely basic understanding of waqf, understanding of waqf benefit, and understanding of waqf laws are simultaneously influenced the dependent variable with significant impact. Meanwhile, partially understanding the benefit of waqf positively significant influenced the intention to participate and donate cash waqf, while the rest variables had no impact on the intention to participate and donate cash waqf.

Malaysia is far advanced in introducing the Muslim friendly hotel segment as an Islamic tourism product. Malaysian hoteliers refer to three standards when offering Muslim friendly hotel services, which are namely the MS 2610: 2015 Muslim Friendly Hospitality Services Requirements, Crescent Rating Standard and Salam Standard. Moreover, CrescentRating Standard and Salam Standard have become standards for assessing Muslim friendly hotels at the international level. This study evaluated these standards in terms of their adherence to the Maqasid Syariah principle. Criteria for fulfilling these standards were presented and analyzed according to the five kulliyyat found in the Maqasid Syariah, such as protection of religion, life, intelect, lineage and wealth. Findings show that these standards strongly emphasize criteria related to safeguarding religion, such as performing prayers and fasting; safeguarding lives, such as consuming halal food; safeguarding the mind, such as abstaining from consuming alcohol beverages as well as safeguarding familial lineage, such as separating individuals according to their gender in swimming pools and spas. However, safeguarding lives, from the self-security aspect, and safeguarding property were not part of the criteria that determines the standards even though both these criteria are the fundamental needs of hotel guests. The failure to include these criteria has made these standards lose their holistic nature as well as become incapable of becoming evaluating standards that are completely detached from contemporary conventional standards.

Literacy at higher education institutions in Indonesia is at a low level where BPS 2018 data states that of the total Indonesian population aged 15 years and over who participated in higher education at 18.59% of the pure enrollment rate at the level of education in Indonesia. That means that Indonesians who continue their education to a higher level are lower than those who go straight to work after graduating from high school. The low level of literacy in general, is in line with the low economic literacy and Islamic economics, especially at Islamic higher education institutions. This is proven by the low knowledge of students about financial literacy that has an impact on individual financial management. Based on the background of the problem, the significance of Islamic economic literacy at universities in Indonesia needs to be studied and researched both theoretically and practically. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to describe the significance of literacy in higher education institutions in Indonesia. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with a literature approach used to study theories related to literacy so that it can emerge as to the significance of Islamic economic literacy in universities. The results of this study found that economic literacy is absolute necessity so students can compete globally and even become world-class inventors. But economic literacy alone is not enough, there needs to be values that keep economic activity on track in accordance with religious norms. Therefore, the literacy of Islamic economics in all aspects is an urgency that needs to be considered by individuals and educational institutions to be able to encourage people to help each other in economic independence with students as literacy agents.

Indonesian Association for the Sociology of Religion (ASAGI, abbrivated from Indonesian) accomodates 15 Study Programs of Sociology of Religion within the state Islamic universities of Indonesia. The association have had a deal in vision, mission, scientific development, curriculum design, compulsory courses and others. However, each of the fifteen study programs has its own scientific characteristics due to the differences from its history, background, and developmental direction. Academic journals, the output and the media that are directly related to the intellectual society, should be able to reveal the scientific characteristics of each institution. However, the characteristics is not necessarily easy to carry out. This writing reveals two premises, namely; First, differentiating each institution's idiosyncratical theme through its journal's macrostructure; Second, the suitability of discourses published by a ASAGI associated-journal with the identity and narative expectation of each institution concerned

تعاني تقنية التموضع النقطي الدقيق (Precise Point Positioning, PPP) من مشكلة بطء تقارب الحل الملاحي (Slow Convergence Time) من القيمة المستقرة (Stable Value)، يعود سبب هذه المشكلة إلى أن هذه التقنية تعتمد الحل الملاحي بصيغته غير التفاضلية من المستقبل الجيوديزي الوحيد (Single Receiver)، ولأنها تتعامل مع مصادر الأخطاء لأرصاد نظم الملاحة العالمية بالأقمار الصناعية (Global Navigation Satellite Systems, GNSS) بشكل فردي ومستقل. إن تقارب الحل الملاحي مرتبط باقتراب حل غموض الموجة الحاملة (Phase Ambiguity Resolution) من القيمة المستقرة، والتي تتم بشكل وسطي بين (20-40) دقيقة من الأرصاد ضمن تقنية التموضع النقطي الدقيق (PPP) [1]، والمرتبطة بشكل أساسي بحدوث قفزات خاطئة للدورة (Cycle Slips) أو انقاطاعات في الموجة، تعيد التقارب إلى قيمة ابتدائية غير دقيقة (Initial Value). يتم غالباً استخدام المرشحات (Filters) في تصفية الأرصاد الواردة إلى المستقبل الجيوديزي الوحيد، ويكون أداء هذا المرشح هو المقياس الفعلي لزمن تقارب الحل الملاحي ككل ضمن تقنية التموضع النقطي الدقيق (PPP) [2]. يهدف البحث إلى تطوير طريقة استخدام المرشح الخطي بالتربيعات الصغرى في مواجهة قفزات الدورة (Cycle Slips)، عن طريق تعويض الفاقد في قيمة الغموض وتصحيح القفزات فيها، باشتراطات رياضية جديدة، ثم مناقشة أداء المرشحات الثلاثة: الخطي بالتربيعات الصغرى، وكالمن، والخطي بالتربيعات الصغرى المطورة من قبلنا، بتقنية التموضع النقطي الدقيق (PPP)، على ثلاث محطات محلية (T11, T21, T51). بلغت الفروقات المطلقة بين الشبكة المرجعية وقياسات التموضع النقطي الدقيق (PPP) في المحطات الثلاثة المدروسة القيم الوسطية التالية: (3.5 cm) على المركبة (X)، و(2.70 cm) على المركبة (Y)، و(7.70 cm) على المركبة (Z)، وذلك باستخدام المرشح الخطي بالتربيعات الصغرى المعدّلة وفق الشروط الرياضية الجديدة المقترحة في البحث، متفوقاً بذلك على أداء مرشح كالمن والمرشح الخطي بالتربيعات الصغرى القياسي.

تُعدُّ تقنية التموضع النقطي الدقيق (Precise Point Positioning, PPP) من أحدث تقنيات القياس التي تعتمد على النظم العالمية للملاحة بالأقمار الصناعية (Global Navigation Satellite systems, GNSS). تتطلب هذه التقنية إدخال جميع القيم الخاصة بصيغ النمذجة الدقيقة للأخطاء (Precise Error Modeling Terms)، تكون هذه القيم بشكل ملفات رقمية، وتُدعى ملفاتها النهائية بالمنتجات الجيوديزية الدقيقة (Precise Geodetic Products). تؤمّن المنظمة العالميًة لخدمات النظم الملاحية بالأقمار الصناعية (International GNSS Service, IGS ) هذه المنتجات الجيوديزية الدقيقة، ولكن بعد عام 2017م، تمّ تحويل سماحيّة الوصول إلى تلك المنتجات لتندرج ضمن مراكز البيانات العالمية (Global Data Centers)، مثل وكالة الفضاء الأوروربية (European Space Agency, ESA)، ومركز تحديد المدارات في أوروبا (Center of Orbit Determination in Europe, COD)، ومختبر الدفع النفّاث في الولايات المتحدة (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, JPL)، وأصبحت المنظمة العالمية لخدمات النظم الملاحية بالأقمار الصناعية (IGS) تصدر نسختها الخاصة حالياً من تلك المنتجات. يهدف البحث إلى دراسة الفرق في قيم دِقَّة (Precision) وصِحِّة (Accuracy) الموقع الأفقي، باعتماد تقنية التموضع النقطي الدقيق (PPP)، وذلك باستخدام منتجات جيوديزية دقيقة من أربع مراكز بيانات مختلفة (IGS/ESA/COD/JPL). وتم إجراء تجربة محلية لدراسة هذا التباين بشكلٍ نسبيٍ ومطلقٍ. أظهرَت نتائجُ اختباراتِ الدِقَّةِ (Precision Tests) أفضليةَ استخدام المنتجات الجيوديزية الدقيقة من مركزي (COD/ESA)، على مركزي (IGS/JPL)، ووصلت الدقة النسبية للموقع إلى مرتبة (1.5 cm) على المركبة الأفقية (Easting)، ومرتبة (0.9 cm) على المركبة الأفقية (Northing). أما ضمن اختبارات الصِحَّة (Accuracy Tests)، يكون الخطأ متوسط التربيع للموقع أكثر صِحِّة باعتماد منتجات جيوديزية دقيقة من (IGS/JPL)، عنه باعتماد مركزي (COD/ESA)، وهو من رتبة (7-11 cm) أفقياً من مركز (IGS)، ومن رتبة (2-12 cm) أفقياً من مركز (JPL).