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This study investigates the differing rates of awareness around artificial intelligence (AI) as it relates to undergraduate students at the British University in Egypt (BUE) and examines issues that inhibit the teaching of artificial intelligence, such as lack of consensus on AI tools and their ethical application in an academic environment. The purpose is to incorporate AI literacy into the information literacy program offered at the BUE library with a view to preparing scholars for responsible utilization of these technologies in line with AI guidelines. An action research approach was adopted allowing for continuous development through planning, performing, assessing, and reaction based on what happened. Findings revealed that there were conspicuous gaps in students' understanding of AI specifically in terms of ethical considerations and practical applications, while there were inconsistencies in the AI usage regulations within different faculties. This means that there is the necessity for uniform guidelines that can help to provide explicit frameworks on ethics. The research also proposes an AI literacy program which was designed and tested during the research and it will be rolled out during the academic year 2024/2025, enabling learners to grasp fundamental aspects as well as uses of AI. Besides, the study recommends adoption of AI-powered research tools with a view to improving quality of research work.

Given that the identity of a successful organization is similar to humans’, it needs to be interactive, dynamic, evolving, and adapting to global changes and trends. With the advent of the Internet, social media platforms have allowed organizations and their identities to change and evolve like living creatures. The challenge that faces organizations now is to create brands that keep up with the ongoing fast-paced changes around us. When “Dynamic Branding” emerged, it gave a way to organizations in general, and cultural institutions in specific, to cope with these changes. Dynamic visual identities have several types, one of the most unique ones is interactive dynamic identities, which are identities built on interactive logos. What makes interactive dynamic visual identities that special is the level of flexibility and interaction they allow. In creating an Interactive dynamic identity, designers and users alike participate in creating several variations of a logo, which has a constant visual aspect in all variations, but every user can have their flexible input and create a different individualized variation of his own. The process of engaging the users in creating an interactive logo creates a very personal experience for the user, one that he would probably never forget. In that way, the user feels engaged, seen, and connected, to the institute in a different way, as he poured some of himself into it, he becomes a part of the institute and the institute becomes a part of him. The cultural institutions in Egypt could benefit greatly from interactive dynamic visual Identity systems as they could create an unbreakable emotional bond between the users and the Egyptian cultural institutes. A bond that would surely increase the engagement of the youth in the Egyptian cultural scene.

الأهداف: يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة مرويات مسلمة أهل الكتاب ممن عرفوا عبر التاريخ باسم الأبناويين، وتعود أصولهم إلى الفرس، ومنهم اليهود والنصارى، خرجوا إلى الغزو مع المسلمين الذين استنجدوا بملكهم، فأسلموا وحسن إسلامهم، واستوطنوا أرض اليمن في القرن السادس الميلادي وتزوجوا من نسائها، وأطلق على أولادهم "الأبناء أو "الأبناويون"؛ تحملوا الحديث ورووه عن رسول الله ﷺ، فبرز منهم: آل منبه، الإخوة الأربعة وذريتهم، الذين بذلوا جهودًا كبيرة في حفظ السنة النبوية الشريفة، وحرصوا على روايتها في سلسلة ضمت رواية الابن عن أخيه أو أبيه أو عن عمه عن جده. المنهجية: اتبعت الدراسة المنهج الاستقرائي من خلال استقراء وتتبع ونقل ما رواه الأبناويون من حديث، والمنهج التحليلي لإبراز دور الأبناويين في حفظ السنة النبوية؛ والمنهج الإحصائي بإحصاء الأحاديث التي رواها آل منبه: همام ووهب ومعقل وغيلان، وبعض أبنائهم ممن اشتهر بالرواية عنهم في الكتب الستة. النتائج: توصلت الدراسة إلى أن البعض من إخوة آل منبه من رجال الصحيحين، وأن بقية آل منبه معظمهم ثقات، وأنهم من رجال السنن والمسانيد، وأن أحاديث بعضهم خالية من الإسرائيليات، وأنهم قد رووا عن عدد من الصحابة والتابعين. الخلاصة: إن للأبناويين من مسلمة أهل الكتاب دور كبير في حفظ السنة النبوية، وعلى رأسهم آل منبه الذين اعتمد رواياتهم كبار المحدثين كالإمام البخاري والإمام مسلم والإمام أحمد، وأصحاب السنن، وأن منهم من عاصر الصحابة وأخذ عنهم، وإن التابعين منهم حدث عن كبار شيوخ الحديث، وإن عددا كبيرا من الأبناويين كانوا مصدر رواية بلدة بأكملها.

هدف البحث التعرّف إلى درجة ممارسة الرشاقة التنظيمية لدى مديري المدارس الثانوية الحكومية في محافظة جرش من وجهة نظر المعلمين، تكون مجتمع البحث من جميع معلمي ومعلمات المدارس الثانوية الحكومية في محافظة جرش للعام الدراسي (2022 / 2023) والبالغ عددهم (1842) معلماً ومعلمة، وتكونت عينة البحث من (461) معلما ومعلمة، تم اختيارهم بطريقة العينة العشوائية المتيسرة، وتم استخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، ولجمع البيانات تم تطوير استبانة كأداة للبحث، وقد أظهرت النتائج أن درجة ممارسة مديري المدارس الثانوية الحكومية للرشاقة التنظيمية في محافظة جرش من وجهة نظر المعلمين جاءت متوسطة، كما أظهرت نتائج البحث وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية تعزى لمتغير الجنس في جميع المجالات وفي الدرجة الكلية وجاءت الفروق لصالح الإناث، وعدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية تعزى لمتغيري عدد سنوات الخبرة والمؤهل العلمي في جميع المجالات وفي الدرجة الكلية، وفي ضوء النتائج التي تم التوصل إليها في هذا البحث، يوصي الباحثان بتطوير السياسات والإجراءات التنظيمية من خلال إجراء اجتماعات دورية مع المعلمين والاستماع إلى آرائهم ومقترحاتهم.

中埃文学都有许多重要的作品，中埃作家都高度关注妇女问题及埃其社会问题，其中，贾平凹和优素夫·伊德里斯都是中埃现当代文学史上有名的作家。他们的作品以现实主义文学为主，以乡村为主要创作背景，也塑造了受压迫的女性形象。因此，我们读者看到有许多作家，无论是男性还是女性，无论是在中国还是在埃及，都探讨了受压迫妇女的形象及其在中国和埃及社会中面临的问题，并高度关注妇女问题及其社会地位，因此妇女问题引起了世界各地作家、小说家、研究者和评论家的关注。中埃现当代作家中，有许多的作家重视书写妇女问题。本论文主要将对中国著名作家贾平凹《极花》与埃及著名作家优素福·伊德里斯《罪孽》中的受压迫的女性形象进行深入比较研究。这篇论文分为三部分，第一，概述被压迫的女性形象，第二，提到两部作品中被压迫的女性主人公形象，第三部，讨论两部作品中女性遭受的压迫各种形式。 يوجد عديد من الأعمال المهمة في الأدبين الصيني و المصري تتناول قضايا المرأة، كما يولي الكتّاب المصريون والصينيون اهتمامًا خاصًا بقضايا المرأة اجتماعيا ونفسيا وغيرهما من القضايا، ومن بين هؤلاء الكتاب الذين تناولوا صورة المرأة البطلة المقهورة في المجتمع الذكوري الكاتب الصيني جيا بينغوا والمصري يوسف إدريس. نجد أن أعمالهما تتناول بشكل أساسي الحياة الواقعية للمجتمع المصري والمجتمع الصيني، حيث يكون الريف هو الخلفية الإبداعية الرئيسة لمعظم أعمالهما الأدبية، كما تناولت أعمالهما الأدبية صورة المرأة البطلة المقهورة في المجتمع الذكوري. لذلك أدرك كثير من القراء أهمية إزاحة الستار عن صورة المرأة البطلة المقهورة والمضطهدة، والمشاكل التي تواجهها في كلا المجتمعين المصري والصيني، وأبدا الكاتبين اهتمامًا كبيرًا بقضايا المرأة، ومعاناتها في المجتمع، وبدأ كلا المجتمعين المصري والصيني في إزالة كل أشكال التمييز ضد المرأة واضطهادها، وإعطاها كافة حقوقها المسلوبة، فقد كان لكلا الروايتين أثر بالغ في المجتمعين المصري والصيني، حيث ساهمت في حصول المرأة على كافة حقوقها وكسرت الصورة النمطية التقليدية للمرأة. لذلك وقع الاختيار على واحدة من أهم الروايات في الأدبين المصري والصيني خلال العصر الحديث، حيث سلطوا الضوء على العديد من قضايا المرأة، وفي الختام، فقد اعتمد هذا البحث على الدراسة التحليلية المقارنة لصورة البطلة المقهورة والمضطهدة في المجتمع الذكوري، وأشكال معاناتها في هذا المجتمع.

ينقسم بحثنا إلى قسم نظري وآخر عملي. فتهدف الدراسة الأولى، حسب الجانب النظري، لفهم مفهوم اللقاء عند سارتر. وأمّا فيما يتعلق بالجانب العملي، فسيكون عبارة عن دراسة تحليلة للّقاء عند ثلاثة من شخصيات ستاندال الأكثر شهرة وهم : جوليان سوريل و فابريس ديل دونغو و لوسيان لوفين.

A smart city is one that uses technological infrastructure in all aspects of life to facilitate the citizens’ life. A city cannot be considered smart unless modern technologies are promoted. Augmented Reality (AR) is one of the most important modern technologies that can play an important role in achieving smart cities' objectives of sustainability and improving citizens' lives, as well as creating and encouraging innovations in city systems that are available by technology, Augmented Reality applications for navigating in smart cities are used to move both externally in road and internally in different buildings in a user-friendly manner. The applications of augmented reality navigation that will be discussed in this research are not only intended to travel from one place to another and identify directions, but also to obtain all the information that the user needs in a pleasant and interesting way. The research problem lies in answering the following questions: How can enhanced augmented reality applications be used for navigating in smart cities? What criteria should be observed in designing enhanced augmented reality applications to navigate in smart cities? The research aims to examine how to make use of augmented reality technology in smart city navigation applications in order to meet the user needs and satisfaction efficiently and effectively.Keywords: Augmented Reality, Augmented Reality Navigation Application, Smart Cities

Food safety and forensic applications rely seriously on identifying meat samples of unknown species. Mutton meat is delicious and high-priced meat. Its tallow is a flavoring precursor to being authenticated by using different meat species. Mutton authenticity by beef meat that is genetically related to each other makes it difficult to detect fraud of products, mainly if the substitution is applied with fat, not only meat. So, accurate methods for detection must be applied to evaluate meat fraud based not only on protein but also on fat substitution. This work aimed to evaluate the mutton meat substitution by meat and fat of beef using multiplex PCR and Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS/MS). Multiplex PCR detects cytochrome b in mutton meat adulterated with different concentrations of beef meat, even with 0.5%. PCR products amplified at 274 bp for mutton and 271 bp for beef. Fatty acid profile of pure mutton meat (tallow) samples and mutton authenticated with beef meat by GC/MS/MS. It was found that it contained 39.48 mg/100 g of total saturated fatty acids (TSFA), 60.48 mg/100 g of total unsaturated fatty acids (TUSFA), and 3.4 mg/100 g of trans-fatty acids (TFA). While after being authenticated with beef, these results changed to 49.58, 49.57, and 6.37 mg/100gm for TSFA, TUSFA, and TFA, respectively. In conclusion, Multiplex PCR and GC/MS/MS evidenced to be accurate and applicable for the recognition of mutton meat authentication.

Healthcare has been considered one of the main issues to be spotted and improved in a high manner. Thus, many technology trends are customized to be used in the development of the field of healthcare. One of the fields that highly affects health is sleeping, therefore, the importance of developing a portable and cost-affordable sleep-tracking system has arisen. Getting enough good-quality sleep is essential for living a healthy life. This could be done by monitoring vital signals that affect sleep quality such as heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, and positioning. Furthermore, these parameters could be used to detect sleep stages. Detecting sleep stages provides the ability to specify sleep quality and how to get better sleep hygiene. In this paper, a sleep quality monitoring system using commercial off-the-shelf sensors has been developed. The main aims are to make the system cheap, besides being portable, lightweight, and easy to use with better sleep quality and sleep stages accuracies compared to recently published systems. Based on the personalized data collected, the system could identify the sleep onset latency, the wake after sleep onset, the total sleep time, and the pattern based on the step before. Then, users would know about their quality of sleep and sleeping habits, which will be directly reflected in their health and well-being. The obtained results indicate that sleep quality accuracy is 97.5% and sleep stages accuracy is 67.5% which are better than similar systems used with commercial off-the-shelf sensors.

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of choline chloride supplementation on the growth performance of feedlot calves. Thirty-two crossbred calves with a mean initial body weight of 305.71±4.09 Kg were divided into three groups of 10, 11 and 11 animals, randomly. The animals were distributed to one of three dietary treatments, control, choline15 and choline 30 (the rations supplemented with 0, 15 and 30 g choline chloride, respectively). The animals were fed on concentrate feed at a rate of about 2.15% of their live body weight and rice straw open access. Supplementing animal ration with choline chloride did not significantly affect all nutrients' digestibility and feeding value. The animals supplemented with 30 g choline chloride recorded significantly higher (P=0.037) total serum protein concentration compared to the other groups. The group received a ration supplemented with 30 g of choline chloride and recorded significantly higher final weight, total gain, and mean daily gain. Data showed significant improvement in TDN, CP and DCP conversion for the animal received ration supplemented with 30 g choline chloride compared to the control group. In conclusion, supplementing fattening calves' ration with rumen-protected choline could improve average daily gain and feed conversion.

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is the second sugar crop for sugar production after sugar cane worldwide. This plant is subjected to the infestation of several insect pests that cause considerable damage, especially leafhoppers, that can transmit phytopathogens (e.g., phytoplasma). In this work, we identified and described the leafhopper, Hebata (Alboneurasca) decipiens, in addition to the detection and molecular identification of Candidatus Phytoplasma that was transmitted by this leafhopper on sugar beet plants from naturally infected sugar beet plants to an uninfected one. The 16S rDNA gene from phytoplasma was amplified by a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and directly sequenced using specific primer pairs DNA fragments. The resulting sequences were analyzed and compared with another phytoplasma sequence available at GenBank sequences performing BLAST using DNAMAN.

تعد الأمننة Securitization مفهومًا جديدًا لوصف المخاطر الأمنية فوق العادية التي تهدد وجود الدولة، ويمكن أن يزود صانع القرار بمبررات تمنحه الحق في اتخاذ تدابير تضمن إزالة المهددات؛ وذلك وفق شروط ومعايير صارت مثار جدلٍ بين الباحثين فيما بعد، وذلك بسبب المخاطر التي تنطوي عليها من فرط استخدامها، ودور أمننة بعض القضايا في الوقاية من الجريمة في حال كانت الأساليب الرادعة غير كافية لمنع تكرار المهددات. واستهدفت هذه الدراسة التعرف على دور الأمننة في الوقاية من الجريمة. ولتحقيق هذا الهدف تناولت الدراسة تحديد مفهوم الأمننة ونظريتها، ودورها في الوقاية من الجريمة، وكذلك التعرض لأهم الأفكار التي طرحتها نظرية الأمننة في التعامل مع القضايا الاجتماعية والاقتصادية والسياسية ذات الأبعاد الأمنية. واستخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي. وخلصت إلى أن نظرية الأمننة واحدة من أهم النظريات التي أحدثت جدلًا كبيرًا في الأدبيات الأمنية والسياسية، مع أنها أظهرت قدرة كبيرة على التقاط القضايا التي تهدد وجود الدولة. وأنه إذا تعرضت الدول لأزمات تهدد وجود المجتمع أو وجود الدولة، فيتعين عليها أن تنتج نظرية تعالج مشكلاتها، بحيث لا تخل بمعايير الديموقراطية، مع تعريف مفهوم النظرية وآليات تنفيذها، ومبرراتها، ومعاييرها المتوافقة مع المعايير الدولية. وتوصي الدراسة بناءً على ما توصلت إليه من نتائج بضرورة أمننة القضايا التي تشكل تهديدًا وجوديًّا للدولة وسيادتها أو للمجتمع، مثل: قضايا الإرهاب وتغير المناخ، وفق ما تحدده المؤسسات المعنية. وأن نظرية الأمننة تحتاج إلى مزيدٍ من الدراسات الأمنية والاجتماعية، وتقنين ممارستها.

随着新冠肺炎疫情在中国乃至全球的蔓延，恐慌和恐惧在世界各国人民中蔓延，人们感受到了团结合作、共同抗击这场致命疫情的重要性。此时，不可忽视文学对提升人类精神能量的重要作用，它也是人们生活的现实的一面镜子。作家通过细腻的感情试图给予生活正能量和新的希望，即使现实是非常严峻的。 该研究旨在通过埃及作家纳沙特·马斯里的小说《扑克牌》和中国作家许诺晨的《逆行天使》研究疫情文学中的社会价值，特别是疫情对埃及人和中国人生活的影响。该研究还旨在研究疫情文学出现的原因。以及它在中国作家的概念，以及这类文学传播的社会价值观是什么，以及疫情对古今中外的人的心理有何深远的影响。在研究中，笔者依靠比较分析研究方法来分析埃及作家纳沙特·马斯里的《扑克牌》小说和2020年中国作家许诺晨获得最佳中国长篇小说奖的《逆行天使》小说。AbstractWith the spread of the Corona pandemic in China in particular and the whole world, panic and fear spread among the peoples of the earth, and people felt the importance of cooperation and solidarity together, against the deadly epidemic. At this time, we cannot neglect that literature plays an important role in enhancing the spiritual energy of human beings. It is also a mirror of the reality we live in all its minute details, through which the writer expresses his delicate feelings, trying to give positive energy and new hope in life, even if The reality was dire. The research aims to study the social values in the literature of epidemics through the two novels "Couchina" by the Egyptian writer Nashat Al-Masry and "Retrograde Angel" by the Chinese writer Shunhua Chen, especially with the impact of the Corona pandemic on the lives of Egyptians and the lives of the Chinese. In his study, the researcher relies on the method of content analysis as one of the methods of analytical qualitative studies, through two novels "Playing Cards" by Egyptian Writer Nashat Al Masry and "Retrograde Angel", which won the best Chinese novel for the year 2020 by the Chinese writer Xu Nuo Chen.مع انتشار جائحة كورونا في الصين خاصة والعالم أجمع، عمَّ الزعر والخوف بين شعوب الأرض، وشعر الناس بمدي أهمية التعاون والتكاتف معا، ضد الوباء القاتل. في هذا الوقت لا يمكن أن نغفل أن الأدب يلعب دورا مهما في تعزيز الطاقة الروحية للبشر، هو أيضا مرآة للواقع الذي نعيشه بكل تفاصيله الدقيقة، يعبر من خلاله الكاتب عن مشاعره وإحساسه الرقيق المرهف، محاولاً أن يعطي طاقة إيجابية وأملًا جديداً في الحياة، حتى وإن كان الواقع أليم. ويهدف البحث إلى دراسة القيم الاجتماعية في أدب الأوبئة من خلال روايتي "كوتشينة" للكاتب المصري نشأت المصري و"الملاك الرجعي" للكاتبة الصينية شونوا تشين، وخاصة مع تأثير جائحة كورونا علي حياة كل من المصريين والصينيين، كما يهدف البحث إلى دراسة سبب ظهور أدب الأوبئة وتعريفه عند الأدباء والكتاب الصينيين، وماهي القيم الاجتماعية التي ينشرها هذا النوع من الأدب، وكيف كان للوباء عميق الأثر على النفس البشرية في كل زمان ومكان؟ ويعتمد الباحث في دراسته على أسلوب تحليل المحتوي كأحد أساليب الدراسات الكيفية التحليلية، وذلك من خلال روايتي "كوتشينة" للكاتب المصري نشأت المصري و"الملاك الرجعي" الحائزة على أفضل رواية صينية لعام ٢٠٢٠ للكاتبة الصينية شونوا تشين.

Abstract:Technology is one of the design processes that give the idea its physical existence, and it is one of the most important means of visual attraction because of its influential capabilities in terms of form, function and material, which helps the designer to communicate his ideas according to the systems he adopts to show the aesthetics of the design building. The scientific and technological development has led to more Among the techniques in front of the designer's thought and imagination, and it helped in the emergence of multiple creative methods, and each type had different specifications and boundaries of different possibilities, which necessitated the necessity of knowing that diversity and plurality and the relationship of each other and the realization of their aesthetic values and creativity in order to be able to choose the appropriate ones, which opens the horizons of experimentation and the discovery of modern techniques and materials that enrich the creative design thinking, and the successful creative designer in the field of design is one who has the knowledge and ability to deal professionally with many technologies that enable him to design and produce works of the best possible quality and development His abilities and solutions to many problems encountered in the field of design and presenting new creative casesThe research problem is determined in investing the increasing development in technologies with the scientific and technological progress and the resulting diversity and multiplicity of methods and techniques in the field of design and combining several techniques to find various creative solutions to enrich the design surfaces, through procedural steps based on the tools of the descriptive analytical approach to track the development of technologies In design trends in the period of modernity and beyond, and to study selections of technical patterns and their impact on design construction, enriching the creative aspects of design surfaces, and conducting the research to several results, including:- Exposing the multiplicity and diversity of design methods and techniques in the period of modernity and beyond.- Knowledge of the limits and capabilities of design techniques and the optimal use of them.- The combination of patterns from technologies to design trends enriches the creative aspects of design surfaces.

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) highly contagious illness that affects domestic and wild small ruminants, causing significant economic losses. The goal of this study was to use a multivariable logistic regression model to determine risk factors for PPR. A total of 113 healthy non-vaccinated goats and sheep (63 goats and 50 sheep) more than five months (1st group from 5-12 months,2nd group above 12 months), subject to a seroprevalence study by competitive ELISA which was used to detect antibodies against PPRV antibodies in serum sample during the period between April 2018 and March 2019. The incidence of PPR in autumn was significantly increased compared with the spring. Additionally, animals had a 4.08 more likelihood of being infected with PPR in the autumn compared with the spring season. There was a significant difference between male and female groups; The female group had 5.236 times increased odds of being infected with PPR than the male group. Moreover, the old age group had 2.771 times higher odds of being infected with PPR than the young age group. On the other hand, the test model found no evidence to support any significant differences between sheep and goat species. According to finding, PPR is common in females and mature small ruminants. Furthermore, throughout the spring season, the incidence of PPR was significantly reduced. Indeed, the current study may help plan an effective vaccination program against the PRP disease in Egypt.

Nature is considered an important source of inspiration for art and design majors, due to its rich engineering and kinetic systems. And Since these systems are available in nature, the designer's ability to extract and identify them is a necessity to know the essence of their construction, so that awareness of what this system is becoming a source of inspiration, and may even go beyond the limits of that system, to study and analyze what is behind it. Beyond the shape, beyond color. Therefore, inspiration from nature in light of modern technology has a fundamental role in strengthening the fields of art and design in general and the field of environmental coordination in particular. The remarkable development in various fields of science and technology in the third millennium enabled the designer to realize advanced concepts of nature. Nanotechnology is at the forefront of advanced technologies in the third millennium, which in turn enhances the development of the concept inspired by nature. Nanotechnology is the technology that deals with the study of matter on the molecular and atomic levels, which helped to reconstruct matter in a way that goes beyond its physical nature. The research included the concept of nanotechnology and the extent to which it can be used in improving the properties of materials as well as in the field of environmental coordination. The problem of the research lies in the extent of the possibility of inspiration from nature by making use of the formative relationships of the images captured at the nanoscale level in environmental designs that achieve coordination and environmental beautification. The research followed the descriptive, analytical, and experimental methodology in order to reach applied ideas to enrich the field of environmental coordination. The research analytical and experimental study concluded that the plastic and color relations at the nanoscale level is considered one of the philosophical approaches to inspiring nature, due to its dramatic and psychological dimensions, that help the designer in inspiring and achieving it in works that benefit society.

The present study aimed to investigate the esophagus's anatomical, histometrical, histochemical aspects in the Ring-necked parakeet and Black-shouldered Kite. The esophagus in the parakeet was shorter and narrower than the kite esophagus. The crop was a well‐developed sac shape in the parakeet, while the crop was hardly recognizable in the kite. Histological study shows that the esophagus in both species was composed of four layers arranged from inner to outer (mucosa, submucosa, musculosa, finally serosa). These layers showed variances in the height of the fold, the glands number, and the wall layers’ thickness. The mucosa in the esophagus of the kite consisted of non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, while in the parakeet, mucosa consisted of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The esophageal glands were compound tubuloalveolar in the parakeet, while in the kite, there were simple alveolar glands. The folds in the kite were longest and contained more esophageal glands, while the parakeet glands were more prominent and had fewer numbers within the submucosa. The submucosa layer in the parakeet was thicker than that of the kite. The histochemical results showed a positive reaction of esophageal glands with Alcian blue (PH 2.5), while reacting negatively with Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) stains due to the acidic mucopolysaccharides secretions nature.

We find that the Ikhwan al-Safa and Wafa Hullan are a group of Muslim philosophers who are more deceiving than the Arabs of the fourth century AH, Xralamelada, who tried to reconcile Islamic beliefs with the philosophical facts known in those days.The existing theories are that Arab photography disappeared after the Mongol invasion and replaced it with the characteristics of Mongolian photography influenced by China and Asia to become a new theory in front of saying the continuation of the Arab school even after the Mongolian invasion of Baghdad.Although Baghdad was once the seat of power during the rule of the Ilkhanate, it did not migrate and continued to have a political role throughout the thirteenth century.There are two well-known manuscripts dating back to the end of the thirteenth century, one of which is the encyclopedic text of the Epistles of the Brethren of Purity and Khallan Al-Wafa.We have embodied the most wonderful embodiment of the style of the Baghdad School, after its maturity and the flow of creative vitality, although it ended it at the end of the East.And they said that they chose the story on the animal’s tongue because (it was more eloquent in speeches, clearer in speech and amazed in tales, the most beautiful in the ears, the most interesting in the benefits, the diving in and the best in consideration).Therefore, they deliberately sought to protect themselves as a result of their outright revolt against the prevailing social, economic, and even political conditions of their time.As for the concept of friendship for the Brothers of Purity and their definition of love and brotherhood, it can be explained in the following points.Not everyone deserves to be friendsThe Ikhwan al-Safa 'warns their followers from people and from strangers, because not everyone is fit to be friends, and not everyone deserves trust and affection.

The internal design was found not only to create a comfortable environment for all users, but when it comes to groups with special needs, its role is more important and deeper. When an individual is unable to perceive his environment and adapt to it, negative behaviors result in harm to him and those around him.Design theories, such as behavioral theory and others, have been concerned with the extent to which the design of the internal environment affects the user and mitigating the negative behaviors associated with some disabilities such as autism, with the aim of creating a suitable environment for these individuals, especially children, so that they can adapt to their environment and depend on themselves, and engage in society. Alleviating the burden of full responsibility for his family, however the designers ’interest in applying these theories was limited, and that attention focused on designing learning environments and neglecting the home environment.Autistic children suffer from a sensory disorder in all their senses, including those who suffer from hypersensitivity (HYPER-SENSITIVE), whether visual or auditory .etc. And some of them suffer from severe hypersensitivity (HYPO-SENSITIVE) in those senses, so their reactions differ from the normal person, for example the sound of a balloon popping that does not cause any harm to the normal child may be considered an explosion for an autistic child, And the red or yellow color, which is considered pleasant for a normal child, may cause him to have tantrums, and vice versa, some autistic children suffer from a severe lack of sensitivity to those senses to the point of thinking that they are hard of hearing and do not see the moving people around them and tend to very bright colors, and the challenge that meets the designer stems Since there are no two similar cases in autism, and it should be designed for each case separately, we will try in this research to present proposals for designing the housing space for autistic patients.

الأهداف: تقع بعض النَّساء في المُخالفات الشّرعية والعقديّة في الحداد، ممّا يُهدِّد الأمن العقديّ للأُسرة. لذلك جاء هذا البحث بهدف بيان مظاهر تلك المخالفات، والوقوف على حكم الشّرع فيها. المنهجية: اعتمدت الدّراسة المنهج الاستقرائي التّحليلي؛ وذلك باستقراء النّصوص المتعلّقة بالموضوع وتحليلها، بالاستعانة بكتب الشّرح الحديثي. وتحليل الظّواهر المُعاصرة التي تعكس المُخالفات العقديّة في جانب الحداد، وعرضها على الكتاب والسنّة. النّتائج: كشفت الدّراسة عن مظاهر المُخالفات العقدية والشّرعية في إحداد المرأة. ومن هذه المظاهر؛ فرض الإحداد على غير الزوج. وعدم التّقيد بالمدّة المشروعة. واعتقاد تحديد لون لباس الحداد، وترك الاغتسال، وبعض المظاهر المنافية للكرامة، والتّسخط على القضاء بالنّياحة وغيرها. وبيّنت الدّراسة موقف الشريعة من تلك المخالفات، من خلال بيان أحكام الحداد المشروعة، وتحريم المظاهر المخالفة والـتأكيد على أنها من بدع الجاهلية. الخلاصة: كشفت الدّراسة عن مظاهر المخالفات في إحداد المرأة. وبينت حكم الشّرع فيها. للتّحذير منها حمايةً للأمن العقديّ للأسرة. وأوصت بضرورة تكثيف الجهود في التّوعية بهذا الجانب في المؤسسات الأسرية والتّعليمية.

Innovation in fabric design depends on many conditions, the most important of which is the applicability of the decorative unit to the structural composition of the woven and the nature of the material used in addition to its compatibility with the method of implementation, and generally the appearance and quality of the final woven are affected by the textile specifications in terms of yarn spinning, the number of twists in the unit of measurement and the type of each of the warp and The weft and the density of warp threads and the weft in the unit of measurement and number of threads in the comb, as well as textile structures or application method in addition to the final processing of the produced fabric , The research problem is summarized in the lack of adequate utilization of silk filaments despite the importance of these filaments and their properties in terms of accuracy, strength and continuity And the extent of the effect of the twisting difference on the silk yarns to produce crepe or plisse fabrics for the curtains.The research aims to use the textile materials that are characterized by beauty and luxury, such as the material of natural silk and the work of a number of different twists in the unit of measurement for them to open new horizons characterized by luxury, beauty and innovation in the world of curtains design to obtain aesthetic effects on the surface of the woven, such as plecia and crepe, and it is clear from this the importance of research to benefit From silk yarns to produce embossed fabrics with innovative designs, and the use of a variety of twirls to obtain fabrics with different artistic effects, and the use of different operational methods to achieve the functional and aesthetic aspect, the research follows the experimental analytical methodSixteen samples were produced on warp of fixed specifications with changing wefts in each experiment by placing different wefts with different twists , It was found that the weft of low number of twists emerged and rose on the surface of the fabric over the weft of high number of twists as a result of the pressure of weft with high twisting on low one , which led to its emergence on the surface. It was also buzzed that the more twists, the more fabric thickness.

In order for the design being appropriate to the environmental and cultural conditions, the Interior Designer has many challenges in the design process, whereas modern technology has a great impact on causing successive architectural transformations in response to the many developments in Communication and Information Technology. As well as many new concepts emerged in the field of interior design, which meet the human needs and its future requirements, including but not limited to, the interactive interior design, which made the interior designer reconsider the traditional design methods to integrate them with digital technological design, because the interactive design gives a new meaning for each of the form, space and function and makes the spaces interact with the human being, taking into consideration the respect of the internal and external environment.The Research presents the interactive interior design and its impact on improving the performance of libraries, by using the interactive design in interior space aimed at meeting the needs and requirements of users, in addition to maximizing the benefit from the available spaces and improving the performance of libraries, whereas the use of the interactive design in the determinants of the interior spaces of libraries works on achieving the function, and contributes to linking users to the library spaces and ensuring their interaction with it, It works on solving the prevailing problems in it, as interactive technologies can be used as a guide or to attract the attention of library visitors, and these technologies can also be used as a means for browsing and reading books, and it reduces the negative aspects in design by providing an innovative, purposeful and easy to learn and use design, and it works to enhance the positive aspects. In design, by providing an entertaining and fun design that the user can enjoy by employing different senses.The Research adopted the descriptive and analytical approach by studying the concept of interactive interior design, and the techniques of the interactive design that contribute to forming interior spaces (floors, walls, and ceilings, etc.) in libraries.

In their research, the West was interested in finding integration between engineering sciences, mathematics and the fundamentals of engineering designs in Islamic architecture. The research problem appears in the Arab world’s lack of this type of research that seeks to establish a link and integration between engineering sciences, mathematics and the fundamentals of engineering designs in Islamic architecture. The research aims to display the effect of integration between these sciences in finding modern trends in design thinking as well as design steps to arrive at new engineering formations.The research assumes that the integration of these sciences produces new trends in thinking and in designing new engineering formations. The importance of the research highlights the effect of integration between these sciences and the modern trends that it produces that serve the interior design. The research presents: the effect of engineering and mathematics sciences on the development of design thinking for Islamic geometric motifs, then an analysis of some mathematical scientists of geometric motifs, then a discussion of algorithmic direction and Hanken’s style on the star system. Then he presented the application of Bonner on geometric shapes, then the steps of designing Islamic engineering decorative units by computer programming, such as the program of Tabart and Alkerah, PATGENM, GRASSHOPPER, and the research was concluded with a complete study of the direction of aromatics and mechanisms to achieve itThe most important results came that algorithm is one of the most important modern ways of thinking derived from mathematics and engineering as an entry point for new ways to solve design problems, and that the direction of auromatics is an integrated scientific direction that combines engineering and mathematics.And computer design in the field of interior design. Among the most important recommendations: the generalization of the use of algorithms to solve design problems, as well as the use of the orientation of aromatics in digital education in the field of interior design. The research followed the descriptive, analytical and historical approach

The objectives of the current study were to investigate the opportunity of estimating soil salinity from hyperspectral data and identifying the most informative spectral zones for estimation. Electrical conductivity (EC) measurements of ninety topsoil samples (0–30 cm) collected from Toshka, Egypt, were used as data set. Analytical spectral device was employed to collect the reflectance spectral signatures of soil samples. Both linear regression and HSD Tukey’s analyses displayed that the SWIR1 and SWIR2 zones are the most suitable for soil salinity prediction while, blue, green and NIR were the wickedest. Moreover, EC estimation was better in case of lower soil salinity (0-2 dS m-1) than higher levels (8-1). Partial-least-squares-regression (ΡLSR) was employed to establish soil salinity prediction model using the training set of soil samples (n=75). The PLSR model was set up using the most informative wave bands (SWIR1 and SWIR2). The result showed that PLSR linear model gave a precise prediction of soil salinity (R2 = 0.93). The results revealed that employing reflectance values in SWIR in the model variables increases the precision of soil EC prediction.

Many architecture schools do not apply experimental learning in teaching theoretical courses like the history of architecture courses. There is a gap between what the students learn in theoretical courses like architectural styles in history courses and design practices. History classes are taught with a teacher-oriented approach, where students miss active and experimental learning. As a result, in the Egyptian urban setting, we find buildings designed using architectural styles, mostly Classical designs, without respecting the technical, aesthetic, and human factors. Furthermore, nowadays, the Egyptian government is very active in constructing the new Administrative Capital of Egypt. The new city is located 45 kilometers East of Cairo, and it is planned to be Egypt's new business and financial center. The new Downtown of the new capital city, or "The new Garden City," is planned to reassemble Khedival Cairo's peculiar value buildings with the renaissance, neo-classic, eclectic, and neo-baroque styles. As architectural education cannot be separated from current architectural practices, this paper introduces the research project results in the course "History of Architecture-level two." The course was taught in the first semester of the academic year (2018-19) in Fine arts, Cairo, Helwan University, Egypt. The students were asked to select a heritage building with a peculiar value from Khedival Cairo, analyze it with the seven principles of design, and propose a design for a building's facades in the new Capital city Downtown.This paper aims to introduce the results of the students' work, analyzing their designs, and the effect of experimental learning in developing their intellectual skills. The paper includes the results of a designed questioner answered by the students to evaluate the research project and the link between the history of architecture, heritage, and architecture design. The paper shows the importance of applying experimental learning and linking theoretical and practical courses for achieving better architecture practice.

هدف البحث إلى الكشف عن درجة توظيف أعضاء الهيئة التدريسية في جامعة الشرقية (سلطنة عُمان) لاستراتيجيات التقويم الواقعي، باستخدام المنهج الوصفي، على عينة مكونة من (59) عضواً من أعضاء هيئة تدريس في جامعة الشرقية في سلطنة عُمان خلال العام الدراسي 2020/2021. أشارت النتائج إلى أن درجة توظيف استراتيجيات التقويم الواقعي كانت في المستوى المتوسط بشكلٍ عام، بمتوسط حسابي بلغ (3.26) بنسبة مئوية (66%)، إذ كانت جميع الاستراتيجيات في المستوى المتوسط باستثناء استراتيجيتي القلم والورقة، والتواصل جاءت في المستوى المرتفع. كما أظهرت النتائج وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في درجة توظيف أعضاء الهيئة التدريسية في جامعة الشرقية لاستراتيجيات التقويم الواقعي تعزى لمتغير تلقي التدريب لصالح المدرسين الذين تلقوا تدريباً مسبقاً على استراتيجيات التقويم الواقعي، وكذلك فروقاً تعزى لمتغير سنوات الخبرة الأكاديمية، لصالح الخبرة الأكاديمية الأطول، في حين لم تُظهر النتائج فروقاً دالةً إحصائياً تعزى لمتغيرات: النوع الاجتماعي، ونوع الوظيفة، والدرجة العلمية، والكلية. وأوصى البحث بتنفيذ ورشات عمل ودورات تدربيبة في مجال التقويم الواقعي لأعضاء الهيئة التدريسية في الجامعات، والتركيز بشكلٍ أكثر على التقويم الواقعي عند صياغة الأنظمة واللوائح والسياسات الخاصة بتقويم الطلبة في الجامعات.

الذهب والفضة في نقوش وآثار اليمن القديم تُعد الأرض أهم مصدرٍ للموارد الطبيعة ومنها المعادن التي لعبت دوراً مُهماً وجوهرياً في اليمن القديم، وأسهمت في بناء حضارته، وكانت أحد ركائز تنميته. بعد أن تعرف الإنسان القديم على أنواعها ومواطنها، وتمكن من استخراج العديد من المعادن كالذهب والفضة، واستخدامها في صناعة كثيرٍ من أدوات ومستلزمات الحياة المختلفة، وعلى رأسها أدوات الزينة. يتناول البحث أقدم ثروات اليمن القديم التي استغلت لفترات طويلة، بدافع الحاجة إلى معرفة التقنية القديمة المستخدمة في تعدين معدني الذهب والفضة، وهو ما يمثل دافعاً رئيساً لدراسة هذا الموضوع، وتناول هذا الجانب الذي يشكل مرآة عاكسة للجوانب الاجتماعية والاقتصادية، وما توصل إليه سكان هذه المنطقة الغنية بخامات المعادن، وكونه ذو أهمية بالغة في دعم الاقتصاد اليمني القديم والحالي. كما أن دراسة المعادن واستخداماتها وأماكن وجودها لها أهمية بالغة في وقتنا الحاضر، علاوة على أنها أحد المظاهر العلمية والعملية التي اهتم بها الإنسان اليمني القديم Gold and Silver in the Inscriptions and Antiquities of Ancient Yemen The Land is the most important source of natural resources, including minerals, which played an important and fundamental role in ancient Yemen, contributed to building its civilization, and was one of the pillars of its development. After the ancient man got acquainted with their types and places and was able to extract many minerals such as gold and silver and used them in the manufacture of many different tools and necessities of life, especially the ornamental tools. The research deals with the oldest wealth of ancient Yemen, which was exploited for long periods, out of the need to know the ancient technology used in mining gold and silver, which represents the primary motive for studying this subject, and it deals with this aspect, which constitutes a mirror reflecting the social and economic aspects, and the findings of the inhabitants of this region Rich in mineral ores, and being of great importance in supplying the ancient and current Yemeni economy. The study of minerals, their uses and where they are found is of great importance in our time, in addition to being one of the scientific and practical aspects that the ancient Yemeni man was interested in.

The traditional glass industry in Egypt” is subject to several production conditions like all other industries and crafts, and these conditions together constitute the “validity” and “quality” of the final product, so, the study’s goal is to present those productive conditions in the real atmosphere of the traditional glass industry in Egypt to the two governorates (Cairo - Giza) inside workshops. As the research problem has become clear in the lack of information about the obstacles and production difficulties of the industry within the workshops, and the research assumes that after studying, presenting and measuring the reality of the industry, and then analysing those obstacles and difficulties facing the traditional glass industry workshops in Egypt, it is possible to come up with a proposed solutions to develop the traditional glass industry, which is the goal of the study, and its importance is in the contribution to the research and development process within the traditional glass manufacturing system in Egypt. The study reached a set of obstacles and difficulties facing that industry through the analytical study of a group of six active workshops now, was done through a set of questionnaires applied to the traditional glass makers who answered the set of questions mentioned in the research. It included eight basic determinants that represent the general framework of the traditional glass industry, and they are: (raw materials - forming tools - employment and training - work environment - safety - designs - furnaces - linking the industry production research - competition)

Martin Amis’s novels are known for their representation of the dilemma of human beings in facing the problems of their age. Problems that may lead them to the status of crisis and expose them to sever psychological pain. This paper deals with issues related to identity and the traumatic conditions of the characters in two of Martin Amis's outstanding novels which are Money and London Fields. Using a descriptive analytic approach, I will be highlighting how these characters pass through a status of crisis while living in an era of material idolization and greed that results in death of love and human noble emotions which consequently lead them to the verge of apocalypses. Although the setting of these novels are United Kingdom (UK) and the United States of America (USA), the author wants to present the case as an international problem that may affect human life in different places of the world. Through a harsh language and a realistic manifestation, Amis is disclosing the true face of modernity which apparently is very attractive but deep inside is full of atrocities and disaster. I will also indicate how some of the main characters overcome the challenges they face and are able to find out their lost identities after paying high prices both emotionally and psychologically.

تستعرض هذه الورقة البحثية بعض التصنيفات لأنماط الفخار اليمني القديم خلال الفترة من القرن الثامن قبل الميلاد إلى القرن الرابع الميلادي، وتطبيقها على بعض نماذج من الأنماط الفخارية التي جاء ذكرها من خلال الدراسات التحليلية وبعثات التنقيب، والتي اعتمد عليها أصحاب تلك الدراسات والبعثات في توثيق ودراسة الفخار. و تستهدف هذه الدراسة عقد مقارنة بين تلك التصنيفات، وإبراز مدى أهمية عمل الدراسات التحليلية من العلوم الطبيعية على بعض العينات الفخارية، والتي قد تؤدي إلى الوصول إلى نتائج مختلفة وجديدة منها على سبيل المثال ؛ النوع 4100 – الجرة 1 من تصنيف فان بيك الذي اعتقد أنه نمط مستورد من مملكة دعمت بعد فحص عينة منه، لكن بعد مزيد من الفحص واستخدام تقنيات جديدة ثبت محلية صناعة هذا النمط. و تبرز هذه الدراسة مشاكل تعدد التصنيفات وعدم تطابق معظمها مع كل سمات وأنماط الفخار المكتشف بمواقع التنقيب، مما يؤدي إلى ظهور تصنيفات أخرى جديدة تضم الأنماط المكتشفة بمواقع الحفر. و من ثم كان لما سبق أثر سلبي في حصر كل أنماط الفخار اليمني القديم وزخارفه، مما يؤدي إلى نقص المعلومات التاريخية والحضارية وغيرها وعدم اتضاح الرؤية كاملة عن الحضارة اليمنية القديمة وأصحابها ، لذا ستركز هذه الورقة البحثية على عرض بعض من تلك التصنيفات المهمة والتي تم الاعتماد عليها في مواقع التنقيب لتوثيق الفخار المكتشف والمقارنة بينها، وكذلك عرضها مع بعض الأنماط الفخارية من تلك المواقع لإيضاح مدى فعاليه التصنيف في توثيق الفخار وسماته ومدى فعاليته في مواقع التنقيب المختلفة. This paper reviews some of the classifications of ancient Yemen pottery types from the 8th century B.C. to the 4th century A.D. It also applies these classifications to some examples of pottery mentioned in the analytical studies and reports of the archaeological missions. This study aims to compare these classifications and highlight the importance of applying archaeometrical analysis on some pottery samples, which may lead to different and new results such as type 4100 – Jar 1 of Van Beek classification, which was thought to be imported from Dʿmit kingdom based on sample analysis of this type, After further examination and the use of new techniques; its local production was proved. Through this study, problems of multiple classifications and the incosistency of most of them are evident with all the features and types of pottery discovered at the excavation sites, leading to new classifications, including more new types discovered at the excavation sites. This had a negative effect on including all the types of ancient Yemen pottery and decorations, leading to a lack of historical, cultural, and other information and a lack of clarity about the complete picture of ancient Yemen civilization and its people. Therefore, this paper will focus on presenting and comparing some of these important classifications that have been adopted at excavation sites, displaying them with some pottery types from those sites and the extent to which the classification matches the pottery discovered in different sites.

Traditional glass industry in Egypt is one of the most important traditional handicraft industries, it distinguished by high artistic and aesthetic value in production. It depends firstly on how skilled the glass maker is and his ability to work on a piece of soft glass to transform it into a distinctive artistic product, has originality and beauty makes it stand out among other glass products. But, with more technological progress and less interest along with poor creative thinking from manufacturers, the industry suffers from the lack of innovation and poor design ideas to keep up with globalization and civilization changings, which led to a drop in traditional glass designs numbers, lowering the traditional glass makers and artists, and leaving the profession of ancestral heritage in Egypt. The research presents a comparison study to develop a strategy for designing traditional Glass products in Egypt along with the country trend in caring and developing handicrafts through small and micro projects, to help bringing handicrafts industries to life again. The research reviews a number of heritage glass products formed by different blowing methods (free blowing - blowing inside a mold - blowing with winding - rotating inside a mold), which is produced during different eras in Egypt (The Ancient Egyptian - Roman - Coptic - Islamic) to show the differences in glass products in terms of (shape of decoration, production method, dimensions), by following the analytical scientific methodology research study to know the range of change and stability in products design forming now

Abstract: The quality of the internal environment IEQ is an important topic that many researchers have addressed because of its significant impact on the health of the occupants of a vacuum, as it affects the level of performance, productivity and the health of users psychologically and organically, such as eye, nose and throat irritation, as well as energy consumption in buildings. The quality of the indoor environment is concerned with achieving IAQ indoor air quality, thermal comfort, visual comfort and acoustic comfort, as well as the internal conditions that provide comfort for the users of the space while respecting the parameters of the external environment, ventilation factors, natural lighting, wind, energy, and the use of environmentally friendly materials and materials. Achieving comfort for users of space, and interior design is one of the disciplines most closely related to the impact of the environment and human life. We see the increasing global trend towards the need to reach sustainability in all areas and at all levels, and take advantage of environmental treatments that provide comfort within the spaces and reduce harm to humans and the environment. The aim of this research is to promote the idea of considiration about the relation between the occupant behavior inside design studio and it`s impact on the energy consumption in the building , inorder to identify methods of acheiving more effective IEQ parameters .

The research aimed to Identify the practices of rural women in preserving and storing food in a village in Beheira Governorate, Identify the level of application of the respondents to good practices in preserving and storing food, Identify the most important sources from which the respondents obtain their nutritional information on food preservation and storage, and Identify the most important factors affecting the application of Respondents practice related to food preservation and storage. The research was based on the social survey method in the sample by selecting a random sample of (164) respondents at a rate of 7% of the total (2333) Families in Al-Naqidi village in Kom Hamada district in Beheira Governorate, data were collected through a personal interview using a questionnaire form during May and June 2020, frequencies, percentages, Pearson's simple correlation coefficient and Step-Wise multiple regression analysis method were used to analyze the research data. The results indicated that about (48.8%) of the total respondents had a high level of negative practices, (43.9%) of the total respondents, their level of application is medium, while about (7.3%) of the total respondents their application of these negative practices is low the majority of respondents depend on traditional sources (television, mother and relatives and neighbors) to obtain their nutritional information for food preservation and storage. The results indicated that the most important variables responsible for the application of the research for preserving and storing food, which affected by (38.7%), are: the age of the respondent, membership of social organizations, exposure to cooking programs through various media, and contact with the agricultural guide.

Since there is a large proportion of the world's population with mental disorders, it is up to the designers to contribute significantly to building a healthy environment, the work of interior design, and the design of external spaces that contribute to treatment. Evidence-based design may enable designers to understand the causal links between the environment and psychotherapy.People need diversity in their visual vision, and diversity is the balance between unity and complexity. Extreme unity leads to incomplete stimulation, while extreme complexity leads to excessive stimulation. Therefore, diversity is achieved in the middle area between them. Excessive stimulation exposure can cause changes in breathing rate, pulse rate, and blood pressure. An increase in muscle tension. Psychological reactions are of various types, and the designer is responsible for finding an appropriate balance between extremism and harmony required in the interior design, and studies indicate that there are many factors that affect the satisfaction of patients and workers in the internal environments of psychiatric hospitals. These factors are considered integrated; the difference of one factor greatly affects the rest of the other factors and affects the users of the place, and all factors affecting the quality of the internal environment should be considered, and that its integration has a positive or negative impact on the rest of the factors, as the poor design of the quality of the interior environment is internal design. It negatively affects not only the physical health of the occupants of the building, but also their mental health. These factors are classified into two categories: spatial and environmental factors.The choice of raw materials as a component of the quality of the internal environment can affect health, which in turn affects patient satisfaction, the quality of indoor air and ventilation, optical comfort, thermal comfort and acoustic comfort are the important factors in choosing the materials as one of the elements of the quality of the internal environment in the healing environments, which It affects patient satisfaction. And all of these factors affecting the quality of the internal environments of psychiatric hospitals should be taken into consideration

Psychiatry specializations are considered one of the important specializations in the current era in the Egyptian society due to the passing of a lot of psychological and social pressures as a result of some economic deterioration experienced by Egypt, especially after the revolutions. One of its consequences was the impact on the psychological aspects of society, which led to the need to take an interest in psychiatry and the rehabilitation of specialized hospitals and government agencies to be able to meet the requirements of treatment in this area.Since a large proportion of the world's population has psychiatric disorders, it is the designer's responsibility to contribute significantly to building a healthy environment, the work of interior design and the design of external spaces that contribute to treatment. Evidence-based design may enable designers to understand the causal linkages between the environment and psychotherapy.People need diversity in their visual vision. Diversity is the balance between unity and complexity. Extreme unity leads to imperfect motivation, while extreme complexity leads to over-stimulation. Excessive stimulation exposure can cause changes in respiratory rate, pulse rate and blood pressure. An increase in muscle tension. Psychological reactions of different types, and the designer is responsible for finding an appropriate balance between extremism and harmony required in interior design ,Studies indicate that there are many factors that affect the satisfaction of patients and workers in the internal environments of psychiatric hospitals. These factors are integrated; the difference of one factor significantly affects the rest of the other factors and affects the users of the place, and should be considered all the factors affecting the quality of the internal environment that the integration has a positive or negative impact on the other factors are weak design of the quality of the internal environment of the interior design Not only negatively affect the physical health of the building occupants, but also their mental health. These factors are classified into two categories: spatial factors and environmental factors.Location and interior factors include a small set of environmental conditions that effectively reduce stress. They include certain types of music, furniture layout, interior plants, landscape, guidance and guidance, color scheme, art objects, nature views and virtual reality interference (VR).

The aim of this research is to study Alakhfash's Grammar Analogy, who whose opinions have been affected both the advanced and late grammarians. The importance of this research is to follow the issues that are unique to Alakhfash in analogy, study them and explain his sources in deducing analogy from it and clarifying his grammatical doctrine and its approach to analogy. The research uses the inductive approach about all Alakhfash's opinions that he depended on without hearing from others, by writing the meanings of the Quran and advanced and late grammarians'' books. Therefore, I follow the descriptive analytical approach for discussion and analysis. The research consists of an introduction and three sections. In the introduction comes the definition of the scientific foundations used in the scientific research method The first topic includes the personality and affiliation of Al-Akhfash. The second topic about the definition of grammatical analogy, its pillars and samples. The third topic about the grammatical analogy approach of Al-Akhfash and its samples. The research is supplemented by a conclusion that contains the most important findings of the study, for example: Akhfash followed Basra grammarians analogy and its control in his first time .So, he forbade unsteady hearing from others about analogy. After that, he had his own methodology which about hearing from others even contrary to the rules. The research explains the samples of analogy being used by grammarians such as analogy of cause and similarity. Then indexing the sources and references.

يتم في هذا البحث دراسة مفهوم التجمعات العمرانية المستدامة، ورکائزها الأساسية والترکيز على المبادئ الأساسية لاستدامة المياه في التجمعات العمرانية المستدامة حيث توصلت الدراسات السابقة الى المبادئ الرئيسية لاستدامة الموارد المائية في العمران وهي مرونة التعامل مع الموارد المائية، وجودة الموارد المائية، واخيرا مبدأ کفاءة استخدام الموارد المائية، والذي يرکز البحث عليه من خلال دراسة تجارب بعض الدول المختلفة في الظروف البيئية والمناخية وتوافر الموارد المائية في تحقيق کفاءة استخدام الموارد المائية في مناطق اسکان التجمعات العمرانية وهي الهند، والإمارات، واستراليا، فبالرغم من اختلاف خصائصها الا انها تتفق في الهدف، وهو تحقيق اقصى استغلال ممکن للموارد المائية من خلال العناصر العمرانية. وتم دراسة تأثير بعض العوامل العمرانية مثل الکثافة العمرانية، وتوزيع استعمالات الأراضي، والاشتراطات البنائية بالمناطق السکنية على کفاءة استخدام المياه في مناطق إسکان التجمعات العمرانية، ومن دراسة هذه التأثيرات توصل البحث الى تحديد العلاقة بين اهم هذه العوامل العمرانية، وکفاءة استخدام الموارد المائية، وبالتالي خلصت النتائج الى مجموعة من التوصيات التي يجب مراعاتها عند تخطيط المناطق السکنية، لتحقيق کفاءة استخدام المياه في العمران. Resiliency, Quality and Efficiency are the most important principles of water sustainability in urban Communities, and the research focuses on water use efficiency. The efficiency of using the water resources in the urban communities' housing areas is largely affected by some urban factors such as: distribution of land uses, urban density, construction conditions and infrastructure network. The research pinpoints the relationship between different urban factors of the housing areas in urban communities and the efficiency of using the water resources, through the analysis of the experiences in three different countries, namely India, UAE, and Australia. Consequently, the results concluded recommendations that must be considered when planning residential areas, to achieve water use efficiency in urban areas.

The author successfully highlighted wrong practices in Sukuk issuance, ownership, and tradability. Unfortunately, such wrong practices are backed by tricky fiqh justifications. The author discussed justifications (or so-called fatwas sometimes) and pointed out their loopholes.

The research deals with the correlation of the development of hospital facilities throughout the ages with the culture and religion of the societies in which these buildings for environmental hospitalization were established within them by shedding light on the concept of hospital tourism and studying the beginning of the emergence of the hospital spa concept and its historical development throughout the ages with a focus on hospital buildings (baths) In the Roman and Islamic periods and to study the influence of specific Islamic values on the culture of Islamic society, traditional Hammamet public buildings are considered to be ancient buildings that represented a distinct social and urban trend. It represented a place for hospitalization, relaxation, and physical hygiene for the general public. Those buildings, despite their historical and architectural value in most Islamic cities, were neglected after they lost their job and became vulnerable to extinction, so it became necessary to study these buildings and discover the aspects of uniqueness and privacy in their architectural elements compared to their counterparts in Other civilizations, especially (Roman civilization) with a view to preserving it as a cultural heritage, and to benefit from it in designing hospital resorts. As many psychological studies revealed that most people travel for more than one goal, and Macintosh has classified the motives for travel into four groups, the most important of which are the medical ones. There is no doubt that there is a close relationship between health and tourism, as people travel either for treatment of certain diseases or for the prevention of diseases And, since ancient times, people moved from one place to another in search of environmental and geographical conditions, as well as areas with moderate climates and distant weather from hurricanes and weather fluctuations in order to maintain physical health. The problem of this research lies in neglecting the design considerations and Islamic values of historical hospital facilities when designing modern hospital resorts, as it aims to achieve the human dimension and psychological comfort and achieve privacy for hospital resorts through Islamic values in the interior design and architecture of hospital resorts, and It is assumed that the consideration of functional and design components, elements of communication, movement and Islamic intellectual values in the interior design of the tourist hospital resort has a positive effect in stimulating healing, and the research followed the descriptive analytical approach and pain Comparative approaches.

Floating hotels are considered one of distinctive tourist establishments from the rest of other tourist establishments, in addition to the availability of all the requirements, services, amenities and entertainments which are found in other facilities in the floating hotel, it is characterized by constant mobility and movement through sailing overseas or rivers or lakes therefore, the risks to these hotels or to residents whether they are the crew of hospitality or guests are too many. this is due to the lack of sufficient knowledge of many interior designers how to deal with the floating hotel in terms of design of the interior spaces and Movement and elevation in addition to the provision of secure for the all various open spaces to suit the movement of the hotel, especially in the accommodation areas, as well as the lack of interest in the selection of suitable materials by weight and ability to withstand shocks and resistance to ignition and appropriate to the environments and ambiance of the hotel, which is used in cladding or covering or processing or manufacturing The elements of interior design of the accommodation, which are walls, ceilings, floors, furniture, furnishings, lighting, ventilation, accessories, etc., according to the international standards of safety and security where are always dealing with floating hotels as if they were fixed facilities and there is a big difference between them. Therefore, it was very important to emphasize the importance of linking the interior designer between the design and its elements and materials and the standards and means aimed at the comfort, security and safety of the floating hotels' guests. As well as the definition of safe areas and spaces for the transport and residence of passengers. also the reference to the raw materials used in floating hotels and which comply with international standards for security and safety.

Objectives: This study aims to reveal the importance of critical practice, and to explain the methodology of reasoning in the ninety-seventh issue in Kitaab Al’ilal by Ibn Abi Hatim Al-Razi with the identification of the cause and the jurisprudential subject. It also aims to compare between the explanatory plan adopted by Ibn Abi Hatim and other critics who dealt with the same issue. Methods: This study followed the method of modern critics of hadith in reasoning in induction, analysis and deduction. Results: One of the most important results of the study is the accuracy of the explanatory approach of the first critics to the extent that they almost agreed on the reason. The study concluded with the importance of the explanatory practice, which is based on collecting the sayings of critics and studying the hadith. Conclusions: The study recommended the necessity of conducting applied critical studies to practice the correct methodology in criticism.

This study aims to design a model based on the constructive theory according to the integrated E-learning style and measure its effectiveness in the achievement of the grammatical rule for student teachers (specialization Arabic language) in the faculties of education in Sudanese universities. The researchers used developmental and quasi-experimental methods. The study population consisted of students’ teachers in the fourth level (specialization Arabic language) in the faculties of education in Sudanese universities. A deliberate sample totaling 60 students was chosen from the fourth-level students in the Department of Arabic Language, Faculty of Education, the University of the Holy Quran and Islamic Sciences year 2016-2017. They were divided into two equal groups: An experimental group of thirty (30) students, and a control group of thirty (30) students. The academic tests were used as tools for data collection. By using the appropriate statistical methods, the study reached many results. The most important are: There are statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between means of scores of the students of the experimental group who were taught using the proposed constructive model based on integrated E-learning and means of scores of the students of the control group who were taught through the traditional method, in the post-test in favor of the experimental group. Based on these results, the researchers recommended reconsidering the teaching of Arabic language grammar courses in faculties of education by organizing and arranging their content in a manner consistent with the strategies of the constructive theory.

كلمة العدد ( العربي)