Search

This article describes learning Arabic using online applications in secondary and tertiary schools in the Aceh region. It analyzes the benefits and obstacles faced by teachers and students. This research uses the qualitative-analytical approach using Creswell's analysis theory, including data preparation and processing, building a general sense of information, and coding and interpreting the data. This research shows that learning the Arabic language through online applications is an activity that provides information, especially Arabic language studies, through the Internet, such as via WhatsApp, Google Classroom, Zoom, Kahoot, and Quizizz applications. Using these applications makes them more knowledgeable in developing their technology capabilities. Technology can accustom students to independent learning and not rely on the teacher's explanation alone, creating the habit of reading and analyzing educational materials. One of the obstacles to learning through electronic media is the lack of access to the Internet in rural areas of Aceh. There are no computers or laptops for students, and there are materials that are difficult to understand.

The teachings of Holy Prophet (PBUH) are not merely limited to the era of Prophet (PBUH) himself but they carry the weight as are the universal ones of all ages till the day of Judgment. Holy Prophet (PBUH) eradicated group, territorial, caste, creed, color and ethnic based differences and invoked a spirit of mutual brotherhood among his followers. He proclaimed individual self-respect for all mankind and set its principles to be practiced in society. He abolished material arrogance and pride and made “Practice” as the standard of human superiority. He also taught for social co-existence, tolerance and mutual harmony. It will only be possible if the social crimes like human hate, sectarian hate and hate like era of ignorance based, is evacuated. Intolerance is the tragedy of our society where an individual becomes arrested in his own fabricated ethnic, tribal, color and creed based boundary. He ignores all other ones beyond his own fabricated boundary. The present research paper will highlight the intolerance, causes, national and international trend and the teaching of Holy Prophet (PBUH) regarding this very issue. Keyword: Intolerance, Brotherhood, Social Ethics, Sirah Study, Standard of Human Superiority, Human Hate, Sectarian Hate.

The Holy Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet are full of directives and controls that regulate consumption in contemporary societies, whether this consumption is individual or collective. At the same time, it guarantees the excellent use and disposal of money or available economic resources, so it is not permissible to waste or spend it on what is useless. Otherwise, the person becomes - with this behavior - an imbecile that requires a ban on him to prevent him from illegally spending his money, as Islam is keen. In refining human economic behavior and consumption spending, there is no extravagance or restriction, but rather moderation and mediation, and this matter is a restriction in spending that prevents excess and negligence that ultimately lead to poverty and need. Scarcity and squandering resources without benefit are both rejected in Islam and do not achieve the meaning of complete servitude to God Almighty, and moderation and moderation in spending are commanded by man. , which is consistent with the economic priorities of Muslim societies. Believing in the duty to contribute to revealing some aspects of Islam in the field of consumption, the investigator made this modest attempt to show that Islam possesses controls and restrictions that enable it to regulate consumption and control the trends of demand among Muslims in a way that leads to preserving available resources and raising the efficiency of their use in contemporary societies.

The Forgiveness & Leniency in Worship in Islam is a burning issue of today. Whereas Islam has ordained various spheres of basic principles of punishes and qisas, on the same pattern, Islam has also provides various injunctions regarding forgiveness and taking off revengeful attitude. Forgiveness is often defined as an individual, voluntary internal process of letting go of feelings and thoughts of resentment, bitterness, anger, and the need for vengeance and retribution toward someone who we believe has wronged us, including ourselves. The term forgiveness can be used interchangeably and is interpreted many different ways by people and cultures. This is specifically important in relational communication because forgiveness is a key component in communication and the overall progression as an individual and couple or group. When all parties have a mutual viewing for forgiveness then a relationship can be maintained. The leniency in worship is the basic principle of Islam. The significance of forgiveness and dispute carries a great significance in Islam and on the same pattern, revenge and punishment carries the same.

إنّ الخنساء شاعرة بارزة أبدعت في قول الشّعر بمختلف أغراضه، وارتبط اسمها بالرّثاء على وجه الخصوص؛ إذ منحته مكانة خاصّة في شعرها، وكان ذلك بسبب المصائب الّتي اعترضتها في حياتها، وبسبب الموت الّذي غيّب أحبّتها عنها، فكان شعرها نغماً حزيناً مؤثّراً فاعلاً ببلاغته وصوره وفصاحته، وجودة كلامها ورصانته، هذا الكلام الّذي أظهرت من خلاله عواطفها مستخدمةً التّشبيه بأنواعه المختلفة، فهي لم تذكره بوصفه زينةً لفظيّةً وحسب، إنّما جاء موظّفاً في النّصّ الشّعريّ استجابةً لمشاعرها وأحاسيسها، وهذا ما يجعله يقع في النّفس موقعاً حسناً، كما يضفي على النّصّ جماليّة فنّيّة عالية تتمثّل في البناء المحكم لعناصر صوره، وهذا ما يقود إلى الإبداع والتّميّز.

The Forgiveness & Leniency in Worship in Islam is a burning issue of today. Whereas Islam has ordained various spheres of basic principles of punishes and qisas, on the same pattern, Islam has also provides various injunctions regarding forgiveness and taking off revengeful attitude. Forgiveness is often defined as an individual, voluntary internal process of letting go of feelings and thoughts of resentment, bitterness, anger, and the need for vengeance and retribution toward someone who we believe has wronged us, including ourselves. The term forgiveness can be used interchangeably and is interpreted many different ways by people and cultures. This is specifically important in relational communication because forgiveness is a key component in communication and the overall progression as an individual and couple or group. When all parties have a mutual viewing for forgiveness then a relationship can be maintained. The leniency in worship is the basic principle of Islam. The significance of forgiveness and dispute carries a great significance in Islam and on the same pattern, revenge and punishment carries the same.

Imam Sulaiman bin Ahmad Al-Tabarani was a famous Muhaddith of 3rd and 4th century AH. He has significant services in the field of "Ilm ul Elal". His famous book in this regard is "Al-Mujam Al Awsat". He has explained the "Al-Elal" of ahadith in this book. He mentioned "Elal" are based on the differences and disagreements of the narrators. The said book is unique in this regard, however, there are errors in same places. A critical research study of its five hundred (500) ahadith has found thirty-six (36) errors in it. Most of the errors are found in the credentials. These include errors in narrator's names, their father names, and errors in the credentials. These errors are mentioned in the article. Arguments has been given regarding these errors. This research invites a critical research study of this book in this regard, so that it can be corrected. This article is divided into preface and nine axes and conclusion. The preface shows the importance of the said critical study of "Al-Mu'jam Al-Awsat" in this regard, and the axes are show the different kinds of these errors. Keywords

في جميع الأديان و الطقوس ، للأم مكانة قيمة، و قد ألقى الجميع نظرة محترمة على رتبتها العالية. الأم هي تركيز المودة العائلية، الأب والأطفال يحترمونها دائمًا، التواجدها مع العائلتها أمر مشجع، و هي العمودة الرئيسية للعائلة. واحدة من أكبرالمصاعب للجميع هي وفاة الأم. مع وفاة الأم ، يتم فقدان مركز المودة الرئيسي إلى الأبد و لا يمكن أبدًا ملء مكانتها الفارغة بأي شيء آخر. يتم التعبير عن الشعراء و أصحاب القلم ، و جمال فراق هذا المخلوق العزيز في شكل قصائد وعبارات جميل. في هذا البحث ، استنادا إلى التصريحات التي نُشرت إعلانات تأبين بمناسبة الجنازة والذكرى الأربعين و السنوية للأم في محافظة لرستان ، يبحث المؤلف موقف الأم في المراثي و المأساة محافظة لرستان.

إنَّ الشيوخ في التصوّف روّاد باب الطريقت و متقدّمين للسير و السلوك و كان مفتاح الحقيقة بين أيديهم و لاسالك يصل إلي منزل المنشود إلّا في ظلّ عنايته و إنَّما العرفاء مع أرشاده ينالون بمقام الكمال؛ و يكشفون أهل الذوق في أعمالهم المنظومة و المنثورة حجاباً من منزلة، شيم ظاهري، سلوك و همّة الشيوخ؛ العطّار النيسابوري شاعر و عارف يرسم رؤيته حول ضرورة الشيخ و ترك التعلّقات الدنيوي في سبيل السير و السلوك و قد تنعكس هذه الصورة في ديوانه و يعتقد العطّار بأنَّ سلوك دون أرشاد الشيخ يكون أمراً عشوائياً و لم يصل إلي غاية.ولايزال الشاعر يعرّف شخصية الشيخ بألفاظ متعدّدة نحو «الشيخ، الساقي، المحتال» و الأسماء المقدسة لأنبياء مثل : «عيسي، خضر، رسول الله». و يتجلّي هذا الشيخ في وجه موجّه و ثوب صوفي ذات خرقة، يجلس أمام السجّادة في المسجد دائماً و يؤكد العطّار علي نفاق هذا الشيخ حيناً يجلس في الخرابات و حيناً آخر يشرب خمر مع المؤلمين و لو كان علة الفضاحة و سوء الإسم لكن الشيخ إنسان شريف قد ترك التعلّقات المادّي و الكآبة الحاصلة من التصوفّ الخاص و ابتعد عن نفسه أنانيته و أصبح إشراقاً من صفات الله سبحانه. إنَّ هذه المقالة من طريق كشف الشواهد الشعري يعالج بتبيين و شرح وجوه الشيوخ في الفكر الصوفي لقمّة الشعر العرفاني.

تُعَدُّ الشاهنامه للفردوسي والإلياذة والأوديسة لهوميروس من أعظم روائع الأدب الفارسي والإغريقي . قد قامت بدراسة البعد الملحمي في الدراسة المقارنة لهذين الأثرين، وكان البعد التعليمي فيهما مغفولاً عند الباحثين لذلك كان من الضروري دراسة البعد التعليمي في الأثرين. ومن أهمّ اسباب التقارب بين الأمم هو الأدب المقارن وهو علم يبحث عن القواسم المشتركة واحتمالية التأثير والتأثير في إنتاجين أدبيين أو أكثر في شعبين مختلفين، بلغتين مختلفتين ثم يحللها تحليلاً تاماً. كانت لغة هوميروس في الإلياذة والأوديسا هي لغة التراث الأدبي والملحمي ولهذا يجب أن يستخدم لغة الشاهنامه الملحمية والكلمات الشائعة في الشعر الفارسي لقرب أكثر من المبدأ الإغريقي. في هذا البحث، قمنا بدراسة العناصر التعليمية السباعية في الشاهنامه للفردوسي والإلياذة والأوديسة لهوميروس، وهي: تكريم الصديق وحفظ إحترامه، وكتمنان السرّ والمحبة والتقوى والمضياف والتجنب عن العار والتجنب عن الاستبداد. بعد الدراسة الوصفية ـ التحليلية، تشير النتائج إلى أن هذه المكونات التعليمية في ملحمة الشاهنامه واضحة وشفافة للغاية ولها تطور في الفكر. بينما أنّ هذه المؤلفات قليلة و غير واضحة في أعمال هوميروس ومن حيث التطور الفكري للإنسان، تكون في بداية المسار.

من إحدي القضايا التي تهم الشعر و الأدب و التي مازالت تطرح في جميع الأعصر طوال التأريخ الأدبي هي قضية الاغتراب و التشكي من المجتمع التي كانت موضع الاهتمام و العناية في كل فترة ما لعصور التأريخ الأدبي و لم تقل من أهميتها ، بل كان هناك شعراء انتهجوا منهج التغرب و الشكوي حسب أسباب و علل منها عدم التصالح بالمجتمع ، سيادة السلطات السائدة و الفشل و الخيبة في الحب و… و قد توسعت هذ ه الظاهرة خاصة في حقبة لم تتمتع سلطات المجتمع بالدراية الكافية لإدارته متابعين مصالحهم الشخصية. بما أن للشعر علاقة وثيقة مع الوضع الفكري ، السياسي و الاجتماعي السائد في المجتمع و أنه يصور الأحوال و التغييرات له في كل واحدة من المراحل القائمة، فإن ابن نحاس كون وصفه أحد شعراء حلب البارزين و الذي كان متمتعا بالذوق الأدبي الرفيع مقارنة مع شعراء آخرين من عصره ، فاستطاع أن يقوم بتصوير الحقائق و الواقعيات الاجتماعية لنفسه من بوابة النظرة الواقعة والمطالبة بالحقيقة عندما كان قد سيطر السلاطين العثمانيون علي بلده و كذلك فإنه تمكن عبر مضامينها المدحية من أن يعرض روحه الصادقة بواسطة التبيين للوقائع و الحوادث المحزنة المؤلمة الناتجة عن فشل الحب. و يمكن القول إن فشله في الحب قد كان من إحدي العوامل و الأسباب المهمة للتغرب الذي انتهجه ابن نحاس.

Pigeons have accompanied humans since ancient time because they are used as a source of food, pets, hobby, and religious symbols. Pigeons have shown high prevalence rate of infection with gastrointestinal helminths and protozoan. This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of parasitic infections in the domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica) from October, 2017 to April, 2018, purchased from bird market of Zakho City, Kurdistan region. The samples were taken from 50 adult pigeons (28 males and 22 females). The birds were transferred to Parasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Zakho University. In the laboratory, each bird was sacrificed and immediately the feather and skin of under wings, chest and the rest of the body was examined for ectoparasites. The collected ectoparasites were preserved in 70% alcohol for further study. The sacrificed birds were dissected and their intestine and contained were examined for the presence of parasites. The results revealed a total rate of 76% of infection with ectoparasites, which included three species of lice, namely: Columbicola columbae (56%), Companulotes compar (36%) and Hohorstiella lata (10%). Regarding helminths, cestodes were the only helminths found in this study with a rate of 16% (8/50). Three species of cestodes were recorded, they included: Raillietina cesticillus(14%), Raillietina echinobothrida(4%) and Choanotaenia infundibulum (2%). Further studies are required to evaluate the effect of the recovered parasites on this host and their transmission to other poultry flocks and human. Keywords: Pigeon, Ectoparasites, Cestodes, Prevalence.

The study aims to critically review the Islamic teachings on mental health policies and practices for the psychological well-being of public sector secondary school students. The study is conducted through purposive sampling technique for the selection of school Principals and senior Islamic education educators serving in public sector secondary schools in Punjab. Unstructured interview is used as a main tool of research for this study. Findings: The study concludes Islamic teachings provide a clear picture to streamline the mental health policies and practices for school children and concrete policies and practices in Islamic perspectives are essential need for the psychological well-being of secondary school students in any country of the world. In general, findings of the study are applicable anywhere for school education department concerning the significance of policies and practices for the psychological well-being of secondary school students and can also be used to improve the strategies for training school Principals and educators.

The modern world today, the Covid-19 Corona epidemic is sweeping the entire world, as people on earth have become prisoners of diseases that kill them without discrimination, gender or color, as it affects the ruler, princes and kings - the rich and the poor - and it has greatly damaged the social and health environment until it is no longer. People meet as they once were. Rather, people are fleeing from each other, especially sick people or those accused of this deadly epidemic as fleeing from the hungry lion or hating it as they hate meeting the enemy.The Corona epidemic blocked the wide horizon, closed commercial activities, and paralyzed life, as it became difficult for people to move from place to place completely freely. Rather, the military is from that, as governments around the world have been keen to emphasize the movement of citizens, and to close markets, shops, restaurants, and hotels, and have gone further than that by preventing public gatherings in addition to the gathering of more than five individuals in one place. In the first cycle of the spread of Corona disease, governments sought to close airports and prevent travel between cities in the same country, in addition to travel between different countries. This increased isolation between countries. From what seriously affected the economic activities. Some countries did not pay attention to this ban and did not take it seriously at first, which increased the spread and transmission of infection from sick people to healthy people.

The main purpose of this study was to explore principles of gender interaction in Islamic teachings. Now-a-days Muslims find themselves asking what the guidelines are for men & women to interact and socialize with each other if they need to, except such texts do not exist. In-short, the scholars of the past dealt with the academic aspect of gender intermixing, but did not shed light on the practical side of it. Our society cannot flourish without professional and healthy interactions between men and women. Pretending that such is possible simply does not make sense. In our global society we have to interact with the opposite gender whether we live in a Muslim-majority country, or a Non-Muslim-majority country. Rather than just saying that men-women interactions are not permissible except when needed, the focus should be to provide guidelines and protocols to follow and abide by for when the time of ‘need’ arises. In this way, we can work on making every interaction professional and permissible in the sight of Allah. Since none of the classical fiqh scholars dealt with this topic in the way we intend to, it has made my job very difficult in coming up with the guidelines and protocols of permissible interactions between men and women. To do so, we have begun by analyzing all the classical Islamic texts. The study is qualitative in nature and thematic content analysis is used to achieve the objectives of study. Conclusion of the study is significant in understanding the true picture of Islamic teachings for gender based social interaction.

The Holy Quran and the ahaadees are the two important and basic source of the blessed Islamic shareeyat (Muslim religious law). Almighty Allah is the protector of Holy Quran. The Muslim scholars have also made much effort to secure the ahaadees and to transmit the authentic ahadees to Muslim Ummah. They have conveyed this sacred trust after thoroughly examining the correct, week, reliable and unreliable narrations. “Darayat” (درایت) is a basic principle to differentiate the reliable and the false narrations. It means to check or investigate whether any Hadees is against any Islamic principle or teaching and whether it contains any thing which is against the teachings of Islam. And whether the narration (روایت) can be related to the Holy Prophet in view of his teachings or not. If there is any such defect in the narration then it will be simply rejected and termed as unreliable although it has been narrated by reliable persons. As such on some occasions the ahaadees are rejected keeping in view their meanings without considering the narrators. Such checking of the narrations is also proved and confirmed from the Holy Quran and its origin has been found in the time of the Prophet. This method had also been in practice by the Sahaba. The learned Muslim scholars of the later times also followed this method. They also made rules and regulations to examine any narration and to term it un-reliable irrespective of its reporters) حدیث ِ . (راویان This article gives a basic description of the above mentioned subject.

Backgound: To assess the incidence of early postoperative complications among a group of patients who underwent total eradication and another group that underwent subtotal bilateral removal. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted for all patients of the multinodular thyroid product admitted to the General Surgery Division of the Faculty of Medicine Hospitals in Lattakia between (1-1-2015) and (1-1-2018) who underwent surgical treatment in two ways. (total thyroidectomy – subtotal thyroidectomy). Results: The study included (200) patients (166) patients (83%) of the cases were subjected to (TT) and (34) patients (17%) of the cases underwent (BST). The age of patients of the research sample ranged between 25 and 65 years, the average age of 46.6 ± 6.7 years. The number of women in the study groups (173) patients (86.5%) and the number of men in the study groups (27) patients (13.5%). Temporary paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve occurred in 9 patients (5.4%) in the TT group, while only two patients (5.9%) in the BST group, (P = 0.83). Important. There was permanent paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in two patients (1.25%) in the TT group, whereas no permanent paralysis in the recurrent laryngeal nerve was observed in any patient in the BST group, (P = 0.5). Important. There was a temporary hypothyroidism in (23) patients (13.9%) in the TT group, while (3) patients (8.8%) in the BST group, (P = 0.014). Two study groups in terms of the incidence of temporary hypothyroidism. One patient (0.62%) in the TT group had permanent hypothyroidism, whereas no patient in the BST group had permanent hypothyroidism (P = 0.33). Conclusions: Total thyroidectomy (TT) is a safe procedure for patients with a benigen multinodular thyroid in terms of incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve and thyroid injury except for a higher risk of temporary hypothyroidism أهمية البحث: تقييم حدوث المضاعفات الباكرة بعد الجراحة بين مجموعة من المرضى خضعت للاستئصال التام و مجوعة أخرى خضعت للاستئصال تحت التام ثنائي الجانب. المرضى و طرائق البحث: تم إجراء دراسة استرجاعية لجميع مرضى السلعة الدرقية متعددة العقد المقبولين في شعبة الجراحة العامة في مشافي كلية الطب باللاذقية في الفترة الواقعة بين (1-1-2015) و (1-1-2018) و اللذين خضعوا للمعالجة الجراحية بطريقتين (الاستئصال التام – تحت التام). النتائج: شملت الدراسة (200) مريض منهم (166) مريض أي (83%) من الحالات خضعوا ل(TT) و (34) مريض أي (17%) من الحالات خضعوا ل(BST). تراوحت أعمار مرضى عينة البحث بين 25 و 65 سنة, بلغ متوسط أعمارهم 46.6±6.7 سنة. عدد النساء في مجموعتي الدراسة (173) مريضة أي (86.5%) و عدد الرجال في مجموعتي الدراسة (27) مريض أي (13.5%). حدث شلل مؤقت في العصب الحنجري الراجع لدى (9) مرضى أي (5.4%) في مجموعة ال(TT), بينما حدث لدى مريضين فقط أي (5.9%) في مجموعة ال(BST), ( P= 0.83 ) لا يوجد فرق إحصائي هام. حدث شلل دائم في العصب الحنجري الراجع لدى مريضين أي (1.25%) في مجموعة ال(TT), بينما لم يسجل حدوث شلل دائم في العصب الحنجري الراجع لدى أي مريض في مجموعة ال(BST), (P=0.5) لا يوجد فرق إحصائي هام. حدث قصور جارات الدرق المؤقت لدى (23) مريض أي (13.9%) في مجموعة ال(TT), بينما حدث لدى (3) مرضى أي (8.8%) في مجموعة ال(BST), ( P=0.014 ) يوجد فرق إحصائي بين مجموعتي الدراسة من حيث حدوث قصور جارات الدرق المؤقت. حدث قصور جارات الدرق الدائم لدى مريض واحد أي (0.62%) في مجموعة ال(TT), بينما لم يحدث قصور جارات الدرق الدائم لدى أي مريض في مجموعة ال(BST), ( P= 0.33 ) لا يوجد فرق إحصائي هام. الاستنتاجات: يعتبر الاستئصال التام للغدة الدرقية (TT) إجراءاً آمناً لمرضى السلعة الدرقية السليمة متعددة العقد من حيث حدوث أذية العصب الحنجري الراجع و أذية الدريقات باستثناء وجود خطورة أعلى من حيث حدوث قصور الدريقات المؤقت.

Backgound: To assess the incidence of early postoperative complications among a group of patients who underwent total eradication and another group that underwent subtotal bilateral removal. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted for all patients of the multinodular thyroid product admitted to the General Surgery Division of the Faculty of Medicine Hospitals in Lattakia between (1-1-2015) and (1-1-2018) who underwent surgical treatment in two ways. (total thyroidectomy – subtotal thyroidectomy). Results: The study included (200) patients (166) patients (83%) of the cases were subjected to (TT) and (34) patients (17%) of the cases underwent (BST). The age of patients of the research sample ranged between 25 and 65 years, the average age of 46.6 ± 6.7 years. The number of women in the study groups (173) patients (86.5%) and the number of men in the study groups (27) patients (13.5%). Temporary paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve occurred in 9 patients (5.4%) in the TT group, while only two patients (5.9%) in the BST group, (P = 0.83). Important. There was permanent paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in two patients (1.25%) in the TT group, whereas no permanent paralysis in the recurrent laryngeal nerve was observed in any patient in the BST group, (P = 0.5). Important. There was a temporary hypothyroidism in (23) patients (13.9%) in the TT group, while (3) patients (8.8%) in the BST group, (P = 0.014). Two study groups in terms of the incidence of temporary hypothyroidism. One patient (0.62%) in the TT group had permanent hypothyroidism, whereas no patient in the BST group had permanent hypothyroidism (P = 0.33). Conclusions: Total thyroidectomy (TT) is a safe procedure for patients with a benigen multinodular thyroid in terms of incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve and thyroid injury except for a higher risk of temporary hypothyroidism أهمية البحث: تقييم حدوث المضاعفات الباكرة بعد الجراحة بين مجموعة من المرضى خضعت للاستئصال التام و مجوعة أخرى خضعت للاستئصال تحت التام ثنائي الجانب. المرضى و طرائق البحث: تم إجراء دراسة استرجاعية لجميع مرضى السلعة الدرقية متعددة العقد المقبولين في شعبة الجراحة العامة في مشافي كلية الطب باللاذقية في الفترة الواقعة بين (1-1-2015) و (1-1-2018) و اللذين خضعوا للمعالجة الجراحية بطريقتين (الاستئصال التام – تحت التام). النتائج: شملت الدراسة (200) مريض منهم (166) مريض أي (83%) من الحالات خضعوا ل(TT) و (34) مريض أي (17%) من الحالات خضعوا ل(BST). تراوحت أعمار مرضى عينة البحث بين 25 و 65 سنة, بلغ متوسط أعمارهم 46.6±6.7 سنة. عدد النساء في مجموعتي الدراسة (173) مريضة أي (86.5%) و عدد الرجال في مجموعتي الدراسة (27) مريض أي (13.5%). حدث شلل مؤقت في العصب الحنجري الراجع لدى (9) مرضى أي (5.4%) في مجموعة ال(TT), بينما حدث لدى مريضين فقط أي (5.9%) في مجموعة ال(BST), ( P= 0.83 ) لا يوجد فرق إحصائي هام. حدث شلل دائم في العصب الحنجري الراجع لدى مريضين أي (1.25%) في مجموعة ال(TT), بينما لم يسجل حدوث شلل دائم في العصب الحنجري الراجع لدى أي مريض في مجموعة ال(BST), (P=0.5) لا يوجد فرق إحصائي هام. حدث قصور جارات الدرق المؤقت لدى (23) مريض أي (13.9%) في مجموعة ال(TT), بينما حدث لدى (3) مرضى أي (8.8%) في مجموعة ال(BST), ( P=0.014 ) يوجد فرق إحصائي بين مجموعتي الدراسة من حيث حدوث قصور جارات الدرق المؤقت. حدث قصور جارات الدرق الدائم لدى مريض واحد أي (0.62%) في مجموعة ال(TT), بينما لم يحدث قصور جارات الدرق الدائم لدى أي مريض في مجموعة ال(BST), ( P= 0.33 ) لا يوجد فرق إحصائي هام. الاستنتاجات: يعتبر الاستئصال التام للغدة الدرقية (TT) إجراءاً آمناً لمرضى السلعة الدرقية السليمة متعددة العقد من حيث حدوث أذية العصب الحنجري الراجع و أذية الدريقات باستثناء وجود خطورة أعلى من حيث حدوث قصور الدريقات المؤقت.

Al-Mu'jam Al-Awasat by Imam Sulaiman bin Ahmad Al-Tabarani consists of hadiths with the chain of transmission. Also, Imam Al- Tabarani had passed comments after a large number of the hadiths that there is individuality by the specific narrator from his teacher (Sheikh). These comments are regarding "Elal al-Hadith" that when a narrator individually narrated the hadith from his teacher so, it is considered a weakness in the hadith narrated by this chain of transmission. Although, the comments regarding this individuality are the difficult part of hadith's sciences, and only the specialist "Muhaddith" can do it. The individuality of a trustworthy narrator does not make any weakness in his narration, but the unique narration of an unreliable narrator is rejected among the scholars of hadith. It is also known in the hadith's sciences that the appendage (Mutaba'a) gives strength to and raises the level of any hadith in authenticity criteria and the status of a weak hadith can be raised to the rank of the good by means of another chain of transmission. The critical study of five hundred hadiths of the book of Al- Tabarani results shows that many comments of Al- Tabarani in this regard are contradicted and so many of them are dismissed by appendage. There are forty-seven hadiths are reported and this article highlights these hadiths. Several hadith's scholars criticized some of Al- Tabarani's comments like Ibne Hajar Al-Asqalani in his book (تغليق التعليق) and Abu Ishaq Al-Huwaini in his book (تنبيه الهاجد إلى ما وقع من النظر في كتب الأماجد). This article is divided into a preface, three axes, and a conclusion. The preface shows the importance of this study, and the axes show the different kinds of appendages.

The necessity of law as an indispensable fact for the survival of society and regulation of social relations has been recognized by everyone. Hence, regardless of their thoughts and special opinions concerning the origin, basis and purpose of laws and social systems, most scholars and authorities have unanimously agreed that existence of laws and social systems is essential for preserving individual and social interests and resources. However, clever people usually breach the law by making use of seemingly legal ways. In addition, in Islamic Jurisprudence (or the so-called Fegh), discussions under the name of usury trickeries (or Riba) have been suggested that are basically in good compliance with the concept of fraud in the Western Culture. Thus this paper, by considering these two concepts and comparing them with each other basically, examines the authorized opinion by relying on the late Imam Khomeyni’s fundamental principles in the field of frauds in Sharia and finally, it looks into articles of Iranian law about frauds and trickeries. Fundamentally speaking, it appears that frauds in Sharia and the law are neither acceptable in Islamic Jurisprudence nor in the statute law.

Abstract The study investigates the levels of serum trace elements as well as total protein and cholesterol which may be regarded as biochemical markers in the case of breast cancer. Serum samples were collected from 25 healthy females and 25 females with breast cancer, 24 hours before mastectomy surgery. Serum Cu, Zn, Pb and Fe were measured by using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Total protein, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were analyzed enzymatically. Compared with the healthy females, the females with breast cancer exhibited a significant increase in the level of Cu (p > 0.009), Pb (p > 0.03), Cu/Zn ratio (p > 0.001), total protein (p > 0.005), total cholesterol (p > 0.001) and total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio (p > 0.05). They also exhibited a significant decrease in the level of Zn (p > 0.002), but there was no significant change in the level of Fe, Cu/Fe ratio and HDL-cholesterol. It was concluded that the type and level of the elements and the level of protein and cholesterol might have a correlation with breast cancer; a high level of Cu, Pb, Cu/Zn ratio, total protein, total cholesterol and total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio, and a low level of Zn may be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer.

Abstract The influence of air hole radius on the numerical aperture, total dispersion, effective area, and nonlinear coefficient for the photonic crystal fibers are investigated. This study shows, when the pitch size and the number of rings holes are held constant, the increasing of air hole radius up to 0.8m gives better coupling efficiency due to the increasing in numerical aperture. The results show that the zero dispersion point is shifted toward the shorter wavelength due to the increasing of air hole radius. The PCF structure of 0.8 m gives an effective area 10 µm2, nonlinear coefficient 16 km-1W-1 and zero dispersion at communication wavelength 1.0m. While the same structure gives negative dispersion 80 ps/(nm.km), effective area 8 m2 and nonlinear coefficient 19.8 km-1W-1 at communication wavelength 0.8 m of Ti-Za laser.

Pavement is defined as multiple layers system and the strength of each layer is reflected on the pavement as whole. Two type of materials used as base layer, conventional granular materials and reclaimed concrete aggregate (RCA) materials. This study presents test results and discusses the effect of lime-silica fume on strength of base layer as stabilizer. Also, a comparison is made between the changes that occur in treated base layer and untreated base layer. Combination of lime - silica fume is used as stabilizer with (1, 3, 5, 7) % and also cement stabilizer is used with (0.5, 1.5) %. Comparison between treated and untreated base layer is made in terms of strength. The material of base layer is conventional base material taken from Al-Nibaee quarry. Samples with three replicates of each possible combination are performed. A total of (68) samples is prepared and subjected to compressive strength test. The obtained results indicate an increase in the strength of base material by factor of increment about (2.56) when Reclaimed Concrete Aggregate (RCA) is used. Also, at (5%) lime -silica fume stabilizer, the factor of increment increases in the strength by about (42.248) more than the untreated samples.