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Narrative writing is relatively a new phenomenon in Yemeni literary discourse and a sequel to the maturity of the common folk forms. The present study investigates both the rise of Yemeni novel and the representation of the major social and economic issues in early Yemeni novel between the 1970s-1980s. Since the 1970s, the novel genre has become one of the most relevant phenomena in Yemeni literary canon. Yemeni writers of this era were aware of the importance of introducing contemporary issues to the reader. In addition to this task, the novel has enriched the Yemeni cultural field and remained dynamic in national identity formation. This study has a special reference to Zayd Dammaj's The Hostage (1984) for it is the first Yemeni novel that has unflinching determination and frankness in representing injustices and miseries in the society. Though The Hostage is also a tender critique of influential families that were part of the oppressive regime, it succeeds in helping the nation compromise with the past. The conclusion of the study suggests that while criticizing certain families for the misery of the whole nation may challenge co-existence, this discourse is seen as a subtle manifestation of negotiating differences. Further, the conclusion of this study finds that investigating history and major issues in Yemeni novel will guide readers and critics to a much-needed area of study on the factors which led to the rise of the Yemeni novel.

New Media Journalism Which Ignores Communication Ethics and Basic Legal Codes: A Research on Political News Abstract In this study, especially in the context of the phenomenon of speed, new media news-sites that have much higher importance than mainstream media journalism are discussed in the light of journalistic understanding, communication ethics principles and basic legal codes. In this study, five internet news-sites operating in the TRNC, having their identity, limited political approach and original news production, have been broadcasting for at least two years, while at the same time having printed newspapers; The press was screened on the political news published in the relevant news-sites in the period November-December 2017 and the data collected were evaluated by content analysis method. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted with individuals who were performing their jobs in the TRNC new media news-sites in order to support the basic method of the study and to determine the solution proposals; the collected data were evaluated by content analysis method. As a result of this study, TRNC new media news-sites, political news, communication ethics and personality rights in violation of the presentation; In addition, the major factors in this regard were the lack of education and the expectation of high clicks (circulation); concrete solutions to overcome the problems identified. İletişim Etiği ve Temel Yasal Kodları Göz Ardı Eden Yeni Medya Haberciliği: Siyasi Haberlere Yönelik Bir Araştırma Öz Çalışmada, özellikle hız olgusu çerçevesinde, ana akım medya basılı haberciliğinden çok daha yüksek önemi haiz noktaya ulaşan yeni medya haber sitelerinin habercilik anlayışları, iletişim etiği ilkeleri ve temel yasal kodlar ışığında ele alınmaktadır. Çalışmada, KKTC’de faaliyet gösteren, künyesi, kısıtlı da olsa siyasi yaklaşımı ve özgün haber üretimi bulunan, en az iki yıldan beri yayın yaparken, aynı zamanda basılı gazetesi de bulunan beş internet haber sitesi tespit edilerek; ilgili haber sitelerinde, Kasım-Aralık 2017 döneminde yayınlanan siyasi haberler üzerinden basın taraması gerçekleştirilmiş ve toplanan veriler içerik analizi yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca, çalışmanın temel yöntemini desteklemek ve çözüm önerilerinin tespiti adına, KKTC yeni medya haber sitelerinde meslek ifa eden bireyler ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiş; toplanan veriler, içerik analizi yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma neticesinde, KKTC yeni medya haber sitelerinin, siyasi haberleri, iletişim etiği ilkeleri ve kişilik haklarına aykırı şekilde sunduğu; ayrıca, bu hususta en büyük etkenlerin eğitim eksikliği ile yüksek tıklanma (tiraj) beklentisi olduğu tespit edilmiş; saptanan sorunların aşılması adına somut çözüm önerilerine yer verilmiştir.

This paper is concerned with introducing an explicit expression for orthogonal Boubaker polynomial functions with some important properties. Taking advantage of the interesting properties of Boubaker polynomials, the definition of Boubaker wavelets on interval [0,1) is achieved. These basic functions are orthonormal and have compact support. Wavelets have many advantages and applications in the theoretical and applied fields, and they are applied with the orthogonal polynomials to propose a new method for treating several problems in sciences, and engineering that is wavelet method, which is computationally more attractive in the various fields. A novel property of Boubaker wavelet function derivative in terms of Boubaker wavelet themselves is also obtained. This Boubaker wavelet is utilized along with a collocation method to obtain an approximate numerical solution of singular linear type of Lane-Emden equations. Lane-Emden equations describe several important phenomena in mathematical science and astrophysics such as thermal explosions and stellar structure. It is one of the cases of singular initial value problem in the form of second order nonlinear ordinary differential equation. The suggested method converts Lane-Emden equation into a system of linear differential equations, which can be performed easily on computer. Consequently, the numerical solution concurs with the exact solution even with a small number of Boubaker wavelets used in estimation. An estimation of error bound for the present method is also proved in this work. Three examples of Lane-Emden type equations are included to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method. The exact known solutions against the obtained approximate results are illustrated in figures for comparison

This study has been conducted through mixed-method approach to investigate the views of school principals and teachers regarding the power sources preferred by the principals. The study uses sequential explanatory design. First, quantitative data on teachers’ perceptions of power sources is obtained from 320 secondary school teachers. After the analysis of quantitative data, qualitative data is obtained through interviews with six secondary school principals and six teachers in order to provide an in depth analysis of the quantitative data. The analyses of the teachers’ views on power sources demonstrate that school principals use legitimate power, reward power, and expert power at most; they use charismatic power moderately and coercive power at least. The results are consistent with quantitative findings of the research. This study shows that diverse power sources, instead of relying on authority, make a positive impact on teachers’ performance. Therefore, informing school principals about the power sources is vital for an effective administration.

The experimental and theoretical methods were studied for inhibition of the corrosion titanium in HCl by using neomycin sulfate drug. The results of neomycin sulfate drug had good corrosion protection for titanium in hydrochloric acid and the inhibition efficiency (%IE) increasing with increasing concentration of drug because the neomycin sulfate drug had adsorption from acid solution on surface of titanium metal. The program of hyperchem-8.07 was used for theoretical study of the drug by molecular mechanics and semi-empirical calculations. Quantum chemical was studied drug absorption and electron transferred from the drug to the Titanium metal, also inhibition potentials of drug attachment with the (LUMO-HOMO) energy gap, dipole moment (μ) of the molecules and electrostatic potentials.

Renewable energy technology is growing fast especially photovoltaic (PV) system to move the conventional electricity generation and distribution towards smart grid. However, similar to monthly electricity bill, the PV energy producers can only monitor their energy PV generation once a month. Any malfuntion in PV system components may reduce the performance of the system without notice. Thus, developing a real-time monitoring system of PV production is very crucial for early detection. In addition, electricity consumption is also important to be monitored more frequently to increase energy savings awareness among consumers. Hardware based Internet-of-Thing (IoT) monitoring and control system is widely used. However, the implementation of the actual smart grid system is high in cost. Thus, simulation and modelling of the system is important to see the capability of the actual system before being employed. Since the smart grid and its components are usually modeled using MATLAB/Simulink, the communication between MATLAB/Simulink, IoT platform such as ThingSpeak and mobile application is crucial to be explored to gain a better understanding of the features of the smart grid. To achieve the objectives, there are five main steps which are simulation of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system to generate data to be monitored and controlled using HOMER software, then, development of monitoring on ThingSpeak and mobile application using MIT App Inventor 2. Next, the control system is developed on mobile application and the communication on how data are transferred between all the softwares are set up. The results show that all the seletected parameters can be monitored in real-time successfully. The developed mobile application can be used to control the MATLAB/Simulink in two modes. During automatic mode, ThingSpeak controls the MATLAB/Simulink by giving a zero signal (OFF) if load demand is less than the power generated by PV and a one signal (ON) if the load demand is greater than PV power. During manual mode, consumer can send ON or OFF signal to MATLAB/Simulink via the mobile application unconditionally. It is hoped that the proposed system will bring many benefits in modeling a complete smart grid system in MATLAB/Simulink.

This paper introduces the Multistep Modified Reduced Differential Transform Method (MMRDTM). It is applied to approximate the solution for Nonlinear Schrodinger Equations (NLSEs) of power law nonlinearity. The proposed method has some advantages. An analytical approximation can be generated in a fast converging series by applying the proposed approach. On top of that, the number of computed terms is also significantly reduced. Compared to the RDTM, the nonlinear term in this method is replaced by related Adomian polynomials prior to the implementation of a multistep approach. As a consequence, only a smaller number of NLSE computed terms are required in the attained approximation. Moreover, the approximation also converges rapidly over a wide time frame. Two examples are provided for showing the ability and advantages of the proposed method to approximate the solution of the power law nonlinearity of NLSEs. For pictorial representation, graphical inputs are included to represent the solution and show the precision as well as the validity of the MMRDTM.

Meclisin en önemli unsurlarından olan sâkî; Arapça’da içki sunan anlamına gelmektedir. Sâkî bazen meclisin huzur ve düzenini sağlayan kişi, bazen dikkatleri üzerine çeken sevgili, bazen de kendi başına bir otoritedir. Tasavvufî manada ise sâkî mürşit kişidir. İlkbahar mevsimlerinde, genellikle çimen, kır ve gül bahçesi gibi güzel yerlerde kurulan içki ve eğlence dolu olan meclislerde sevgili, sâkî, çalgıcı ve şairler toplanır, içip eğlenirlerdi. Bazen de bu meclis meyhanelerde, evlerde ve tekkelerde kurulur, meclise katılan herkes yan yana ve daire şeklinde yere otururdu. Bu meclisin vazgeçilmez unsurlarından olan ve kadeh dağıtıp içki sunmakla hatta bu meclisin düzenini sağlamakla görevli olan sâkî, elindeki büyük kadehle meclisteki herkese içki sunardı. Mecliste ayrıca musiki çalar ve raks yapılırdı. Bu meclis sabaha kadar sürer, tütsüler yanıp etrafa hoş kokular yayılır ve mum yanardı. VIII./XIV. yüzyıl Fars edebiyatı sufî şairlerden olan kaside, gazel, mesnevi nazım türleriyle yaklaşık on beş bin beyit şiir kaleme alan Evhadüddîn-i Merâgî de şiirlerinde sâkî mefhumunu kullanmış, sâkîden ve görevlerinden, sâkînin güzelliğinden ve sâkîye ait güzellik unsurlarından şiirlerinde bahsetmiştir. Çalışmada Evhadî’nin sâkî ile ilgili beyitleri tespit edilmiş, şairin sâkî mefhumunu nasıl kullandığı gazellerinden getirilen örnek beyitlerle gösterilmiştir. Başlıkların yanındaki dipnotta şairin Dîvân’ındaki ilgili benzer örneklerin sayfa numarası ve beyit numarası verilmiştir.

One of the wellbore instability problems in vertical wells are breakouts in Zubair oilfield. Breakouts, if exceeds its critical limits will produce problems such as loss circulation which will add to the non-productive time (NPT) thus increasing loss in costs and in total revenues. In this paper, three of the available rock failure criteria (Mohr-Coulomb, Mogi-Coulomb and Modified-Lade) are used to study and predict the occurrence of the breakouts. It is found that there is an increase over the allowable breakout limit in breakout width in Tanuma shaly formation and it was predicted using Mohr-Coulomb criterion. An increase in the pore pressure was predicted in Tanuma shaly formation, thus; a new mud weight and casing programs are proposed to overcome such problems in the drilling operations in field developments plans.

The performance analyses of 15 kWp (kW peak) Grid -Tied solar PV system (that considered first of its type) implemented at the Training and Energy Research Center Subsidiary of Iraqi Ministry of Electricity in Baghdad city has been achieved. The system consists of 72 modules arranged in 6 strings were each string contains 12 modules connected in series to increase the voltage output while these strings connected in parallel to increase the current output. According to the observed duration, the reference daily yields, array daily yields and final daily yields of this system were (5.9, 4.56, 4.4) kWh/kWp/day respectively. The energy yield was 1585 kWh/kWp/year while the annual total solar irradiation received by solar array system was 1986.4kWh/m2. The average power losses per day of array, system losses and overall losses were (1.38, 0.15, 1.53) kWh/kWp/day respectively. The average capacity factor and performance ratio per year were 18.4% and 75.5% respectively. These results highlighted the performance analyses of this PV solar system located in Baghdad city. The performance can be considered as good and significant comparing with other world PV solar stations.

Islâm tarihinde kadinlarin ilmi hayatta etkin rol ustlendikleri devirlerin basinda Memlukler donemi gelmektedir. Soz konusu donemde toplumda seckin kadinlardan bazilari vakiflar kurarak egitim kurumlarini desteklemisler ve bazilari da ilmi faaliyetler icerisinde yer almislardir. Egitim kurumu yaptiran kadinlarin genellikle yonetici siniftan, ilmi faaliyetlerde bulunanlarin ise genellikle ilmiye sinifina mensup ailelerden oldugu gorulmektedir. Ozellikle IX. (XV.) yuzyil Memluk tarihcilerinin ilimle ilgilenen kadinlari kayit altina aldiklarini soylemek gerekmektedir. Suphesiz bu durumun ortaya cikmasinda onlarin hocalari arasinda kadinlarin cok sayida olmasi da etkili olmustur. Bu donemde ilmi faaliyetleriyle one cikan ve ayni zamanda tarihci ogrencileri sayesinde hakkinda bilgi sahibi olunan kadinlardan biri, Meryem el-Ezraiyye’dir. VIII. (XIV.) yuzyilda yasayan ve Hanefi mezhebine mensup Meryem’in, ilmiye sinifina mensup ailelerde genellikle goruldugu gibi cok kucuk yaslardan itibaren ilim meclislerine katilimi saglanmistir. Donemin meshur hocalarindan muhtelif alanlara dair dersler alsa da hadis ilmine yogunlasmistir. Makalede, oncelikle Meryem’in aile cevresi ele alinacaktir. Daha sonra tahsil hayati ve ogrencileri incelenecektir.

Türkiye’de modernleşmenin sosyolojik bakımdan üç aşamalı bir geçiş süreci izlediği söylenebilir. Buna göre modernleşmenin entelektüel temelleri Tanzimat’a, yapısal dönüşümü siyasal ve kurumsal boyutta gerçekleştirilen Cumhuriyet devrimlerine, sosyoekonomik ve kültürel dinamikleri ise 1950’lerden sonra başlayan demokratikleşme ve sanayileşme yolunda atılan adımlara dayanır. Bu son aşamada ortaya çıkan siyasal, ekonomik ve kültürel değişme, modernleşmenin ideolojik ve kültürel göstergelerini toplumun geniş kesimlerine yaygınlaştırır. Değişmenin temel itici güçlerinden birisi, çok partili hayatla birlikte gelişen demokratik siyasal dönüşüm, diğeri ise hızlı kentleşme ve sanayileşmeyle karakterize olan sosyoekonomik dönüşümdür. Toplumsal ve gündelik hayata çok köklü tesirler bırakan her iki süreç te, içsel ve dışsal bazı etmenlere bağlı olarak gelişmiştir. Toplumsal hayatın derinliklerinde iz bırakan sosyoekonomik boyut; 1970’li yıllarla birlikte kırsal bölgelerden kentlere yönelik nüfus hareketini, orta sınıfın güçlenmeye başladığı ekonomik sıçramayı, kitle ulaşım ve iletişim araçlarının gelişimine bağlı hızlı kültürel değişme, çatışma ve dönüşümleri temsil eder. Bu dönemde değişmenin etkileri artık sadece büyük şehirlerle sınırlı kalmaz, küçük şehirler, kasabalar ve köylere kadar uzanır. Toplumsal gelişme sürecinde sosyal yapıda ve organizasyonda, işbölümü ve kurumsal hayatta ortaya çıkan değişimler, değerler ve normlar alanında da, kültürel algı, anlayış ve tasavvurların etkileşimine yol açmıştır. Türkiye bu dönemde bir yandan kentleşme ve sanayileşmenin kendine özgü gelişimini, bir yandan da normlar, değerler, tutum ve davranışlar alanında dönüşümler, çatışmalar ve kültürel etkileşimlerle sarsıcı deneyimler yaşar. Bu süreç her ne kadar bir geçiş dönemi olarak görülse de, eski ile yeninin, geleneksel ile modernin, bir başka deyişle cemaat ile cemiyetin karşılaştığı ve bir arada etkilerini sürdürdükleri ya da değişerek yeni form ve kalıplara büründükleri bir dönemdir. Ancak bu değişim geleneksel kırsal Türk toplum ve kültür hayatının dinamiklerinde sarsıcı etkiler yaratmaktadır. Daha çok siyasal gelişmeler ekseninde tanımlanan ancak kentleşme ve sanayileşme yoluyla hızlı bir toplumsal değişmenin yaşandığı 1960-80 arası dönem, dinî hayat ve modernleşme etkileşimi bakımından da kritik bir dönemi temsil eder. Cumhuriyetin değişme projesi siyasal yapının yanı sıra toplumsal olgular ve yapının da laikleştirilmesi yönündeydi. Ancak toplumun tarihsel ve kültürel dinamiklerinin ayırt edilemeyecek kadar sıkı bir şekilde dinle ilişkili olması nedeniyle, değişim projesinin kimlik ve kişilik katlarında kalıcı değerler üretemeyişi bir sorun yaratmıştır. Bununla birlikte laikleşmenin siyasal amaçlarının ancak İkinci Dünya Savaşı’ndan sonra gelişen sosyoekonomik ve kültürel gelişmelere paralel olarak belli bir başarıya ulaştığı söylenebilir. Bu başarının temelinde ise 1960-80 arasında küresel gelişmelerle bağlantılı olarak Türk toplumunda yaşanan sosyoekonomik ve sosyopolitik değişmelerin etkili olduğu açıktır. Nitekim bu dönemde değişimin temel faktörleri olan kentleşme ve sanayileşme olgusu, toplum yapısında ciddi sarsıntılara yol açmış, İslam’ın geleneksel yorumlarının, Türkiye’de giderek artan yeni toplumsal sorunlarla başedebilmesi zorlaşmıştır (Tarhanlı 1993: 149). Ancak bu süreç aslında geleneksel din anlayış ve yorumlarının da değişmeye başladığı bir aşamayı temsil eder. Buna göre değişimin etkileri, bir taraftan modernleşmenin sosyokültürel boyutta yaygınlaşmasını sağlarken, diğer taraftan onu kendi inanç ve kabulleri ekseninde dönüştürmeye yönelik tepkiselci, sentezci din yorumları da sivil ve siyasal hayatta örgütlenerek güç kazanır. Türkiye’de dinî hayatın 1960-80 arasındaki yapısal görünümü ve değişimle ilişkisi, her şeyden önce dönemin sosyal, kültürel, siyasal arka planıyla birlikte, aynı dönem içinde dini kurumlar, organizasyonlar ve hareketlerin gelişimleri üzerine durmayı gerektirmektedir.

The Situations of Instructional Materials Development of Imam Hatip Schools Vocational Teachers Abstract This study was aimed at determining the situation of material development of Imam Hatip School vocational courses teachers. The research is a survey model. According to the this research results was made in Kayseri sample, Majority of the participant teachers suffer from inappropriate materials to the students and topics at their lessons. Most of teachers come to schools with making preparation. Participant teachers continue using current teaching materials and also try to prepare their own materials. Introduction and Purpose of the Study The Religious educational process has four basic variables. These are students, teachers, programs and the environment. The most important of these variables are the teachers. The teachers must/should plan, apply and evaluate the educational process. They should use teaching methods and tools in this process. With the development of technological possibilities, the number of teaching materials that can be used in religious education has increased. Educational materials can make lessons more fun and educational, and it can offers to students a rich learning experience. For this reason, effective use of materials by the religious teachers can contribute to the reduction of problems such as indifference, reluctance and boredom in religious education. The main purpose of this research was to determine the situation of material development by the Imam Hatip School vocational courses teachers. In this context, some questions asked are; 1- Are they having trouble finding instructional materials? What are these troubles? 2- How much did they develop educational materials in the process of Religious education? 3- How did they get them? 4- What kind of materials did they develop most? 5- What are they paying attention to when developing them? 6- What kind of problems they have experienced in this process? And similar questions are asked and answered Method The research is a survey model that describes the current situation. In the study datas were gathered by questionnaire on 82 Imam Hatip School vocational courses teachers in Kayseri province. 21 IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) software program was used to test hypotheses generated for the purposes of research. Quantitative analyses methods (means, percentages), were used in analyzing the data. 56 % of the participants are men and 44 % are women. % 45 of them working at imam hatip high school, % 39 are imam hatip midle school, % 16 are both of them. Results and Discussion According to this research results, the participant teachers say they are having trouble finding instructional materials. Some of the teachers have said that they have not prepared their materials because of the inadequacy of the class hours. Nevertheless, they do not see themselves inadequate in material development, and the proportion of teachers who prepare their own materials has been expected to be low. They generally prefer to use ready-made materials. They provide materials from their colleagues and internet sites. The worksheet, the concept map, the slide are the materials that they get the most from the internet. The materials they do not prepare are short films, puzzles and slides. The proportion of teachers who prepare material for their students is also very low. Most of the materials that prepared by their students 13 % model-real goods and 11% worksheets). When the teachers preparing materials for religious instruction, they were paying attention to the content compliance most. To be suitable for students’ features and grade follow them. A little number of teachers say that they developing materials according to the teaching aims and functions.It is concluded that imam hatip secondary school teachers are more sensitive about developing materials than İmam Hatip High School Teachers. Additionally, female teachers are developing these materials more often than the male teachers. At the end of this survey, it was discovered, despite the fact that the teachers were having trouble finding instructional materials they did not develop their Instructional materials. Because, a large group of teachers, 82.5%, saw themselves as lacking in teaching technology and material development. Also according to this data and researches done in the past years. Religious Education Teachers are developing their materials have increased but some teachers (who are working at İmam hatip high schools) don’t know functions of materials and they don’t develop them in their lessons. Suggestions The issue can be focused especially on teachers Imam Hatip High School lessons. These suggestions can be expressed in the light of these results. The Ministry Of National Education, The General Directorate Of Religious Education can work on this subject. Information and materials banks can be created in virtual environment where the institutions for the imam hatip schools courses, also material samples. It is possible to increase the number of sharing sites where materials related to the field of Religious Education especially Imam Hatip High School lessons are collected. And they can be give information about Instructional Technology and Material Development course for Imam Hatip Schools teachers. Further research can be done in this subject. Keywords: Religious educatin, Imam Hatip Schools teachers, Instructional Technology and Material Development.

İslam düşüncesinde varlık imkânla ilişkisi bakımından üç biçimde değerlendirilmiştir. İlki, zâtında imkân bulundurmayan varlık: Tanrı'dır. İkincisi, zâtında imkânı bilkuvve olan ve zorunlu olmayan varlıktır. Bu varlık var olmak zorunda değildir. Var olmaya da yok olmaya da eşit mesafededir. Bu iki yaklaşım hem İslam felsefesi hem de kelâmda ittifakla kabul edilmiştir. Üçüncü yaklaşımda ise imkân, varlıktan önce olmayıp, aksine zâtta imkânı bilfiil varlığıyla birlikte bulunur ve başkasıyla zorunlu zâtıyla mümkün varlık şeklinde ifade edilir. İslam filozofları ay üstü âlem, akıllar ve diğer ezeli yaratıkları bu şekilde başkasıyla zorunlu kategorisinde değerlendirir. Bilfiil var olan varlığı bir şekilde zorunlulukla ilişkilendiren filozoflar karşısında kelâmcılar ise imkân vasfının zorunluluk ile bir arada kullanılmaması gerektiğini ileri sürerler. Biz bu çalışmamızda filozofların ortaya koyduğu biçimde başkasıyla zorunlu mümkün varlık terimini ve kelâmcıların buna yönelik itirazlarını araştırdık. Buradan yola çıkarak, her iki disiplinin mümkün varlığa dair farklı yaklaşımlarının, onların alem tasavvurları üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya koymayı amaçlıyoruz. Araştırmamızı klasik felsefi ve kelâmî literatürün öne çıkan örnek metinlerini inceleyip analiz ederek yürüteceğiz.

For a long time, glass manufacturing art has been globally common. There are certain similarities between Stained Glass and Orosi works. Based on historical texts, peak of Orosi art in Iran occurred during the reign of Safavid dynasty while its fall was after Qajar era. After introduction to churches after 12 th century, Stained Glass manufacturing art was officially recognized. In contemporary era, Orosi art has almost faded away since it did not adapt to architecture. Similarly, Stained Glass art did not develop after it was introduced to Iran. The objectives of comparison between these arts are clarification of effects of the two arts on each other as well as better understanding of Orosi glass and Stained Glass arts. From methodological viewpoint, this study is descriptive-analytical in nature. In order to obtain better results, similar and available works of Orosi and Stained Glass arts were studied. The results of comparing these two arts suggested similar manufacturing methods and designs. In addition, a common application of the two arts is communication of greatness of the building to visitors’ minds. Stained Glass was mostly used for representation of Christ’s story while Orosi art was commonly used for depicting geometrical patterns. As a result, Orosi art was not initially influenced by Stained Glass art. In some cases, one could claim that Stained Glass art was influenced by Orosi art. Numerous factors played a role in creating differences between these two arts among which one could point to climatic conditions and patrons of such arts.

This study was conducted to evaluate the attitudes of university students towards today’s world affairs in terms of some variables. 560 senior grade students participated in the study. The students were studying at Karabuk University, Faculty of Literature in 2015-2016 Academic Year. The Review Model was used in the present study, and the “Today’s World Affairs Attitude Scale” was used as the data collection tool. Frequencies, percentages, arithmetic averages, Independent Samplings t-Test, and One-Way Variance Analysis (ANOVA) were used in the analyses of the data. It was concluded in the study that the attitudes of university students on today’s world affairs are positive and high. In addition, it was also determined in the present study that the attitudes of the students who participated in the study on today’s world affairs vary according to the gender variable at a significant level, and do not vary according to the programs in which they are studying.

Regional peace in the South China Sea, despite claimants by many nations is often transitory ranging from the search for survivors of MH370 tragedy to creating supposedly common and sustainable fishing grounds. This study explores transition theory which explains the shifting of a state to a viable end-state with incremental steps to achieve regional peace in a scenario of an environmental tragedy from nuclear radioactive contamination in South China Sea. The transition theory uses Multi-Level Perspectives (MLP) framework which combines both qualitative context and quantitative process in one integrated decision making framework. The decision making outcomes from the MLP can be on fairness under competition and cooperation for the common welfare gains. It can also be a decision-making outcome on equity with respect to each participating actors’ willingness to pay for the precautionary or damage abatement costs. A survey was conducted amongst ‘actors’ (N=20) as respondents on an assumed nuclear power plant radioactive contamination in the South China Sea region. The study shows that decision-making outcomes for equity and fairness by using transition theory in the MLP framework may lead to higher precautions that may be unaffordable to some of the disputing nations in South China Sea. However, technological innovations in long term radioactive contamination damage abatement technology which lead to lower precautions may provide the ‘common ground’ amongst the disputing nations to vouch for a more permanent regional peace.

Kur’ân’in anlasilmasi, ayetleri olusturan herbir lafzin anlasilmasina baglidir. Ancak lafizlari olusturan isim, fiil ve harfler lugat anlamlariyla degil, cumle icindeki sistemden elde ettikleri anlamlarla anlasilmalidir. Zira anlam, tek tek lafizlardan degil, cumleyi irâd eden irâdenin maksadini ifâde etmesi icin cumleye yukledigi sistemden elde edilir. “ قبل ” ve “ بعد ” sozcukleri, ayetleri zamansal acidan anlamca tamamlayan iki kelimedir. Arap Dili acisindan cumlelerin anlamini zaman ve mekan acisindan tamamladiginda kusku olmayan bu iki kelime, Kur’ân’da sadece zamansal acidan kullanilmistir. Bu iki kelimenin Kur’ân’daki kullanim durumlarina gore, anlam da degismekte, yeni boyut ve derinlikler kazanmaktadir. Farkli eklerle de kullanilabilen bu iki kelime, karsilikli anlamlarini odunc de alabilmektedirler. Ozellikle baslarina “ من ” harf-i cerrinin gelmesiyle ayetlere kattiklari ince anlam ve nukte, Kur’ân’in maksadini uslup ve belâgat acisindan zenginlestirmesinin yani sira, ayetlerin anlamlarina fikhi ve itikâdi birtakim hukumler de izâfe etmektedir. Kur’ân’da her iki kelime cok yaygin bir kullanima sahip olmasina ragmen, Kur’ân’in anlasilmasina yonelik vucuda gelen takdire sâyân literaturde yeterli ilgiyi gordugunu soylemek pek de mumkun degildir. Bu calisma, soz konusu iki kelimenin Kur’ân’daki kullanim hallerini ve manaya olan katkisini konu edinmekle, bu yonde mutevazi bir katki sunmayi amaclamaktadir.

Regarding the issue of copyright, our study firstly defines the concepts of “visual communication” and “communication ethics”, mentions the origin of copyrights; and then discusses the copyrights in the Turkish Cypriot Law and the copyright issue in terms of Turkish law and Common Law due to the relations with Turkish Cypriot Law. Finally, this study will deliver concrete solution proposals upon the improvement of copyrights from the perspective of Turkish Cypriot Law. Oz Telif hakki hususu ile ilgili olarak, calismada oncelikle "gorsel iletisim" ve "iletisim etigi" kavramlari tanimlanmakta, telif haklarinin kokenine deginilmekte; daha sonra Kibris Turk Hukuku’nda telif hakki duzenlemeleri, ve yakin baglantisi sebebi ile, Turk Hukuku ve Ingiliz Ortak Hukuku’ndaki telif hakki duzenlemeleri ele alinmaktadir. Son olarak ise, Kibris Turk Hukuku’nda, telif hakki hususundaki sorunlarin giderilmesine yonelik onerilere yer verilmektedir.

Saving fossil fuels and the use of clean sources of energy lead to reduce in building operating costs, protect the environment and people's health. Windows are the most vulnerable part of building where energy loss occurs. Double-glazed windows are very effective in keeping inside temperature isolated from outside; thereby, saving electrical and thermal energy. The current study estimates the numerical changes in cooling and heating load in case of replacement double-glazed window with single-glazed window and calculates saving level for this replacement. In this context, this paper presents a model of real samples taken in Mashhad climate. To ensure the accuracy of the simulation results, real results were compared with electricity and gas bills. To calculate energy related parameters such as cooling load, heating load, the consumption of gas and electricity, the energy simulation software (Design Builder) was used. The research method was a quantitative analysis based on energy consumption modeling, associated with building windows which comes in four sections. The field study was also used to compare with real electricity and gas bills. As the first stage, samples of the plan were identified, based on the observation of climate models and library studies. Then, simulation parameters such as window materials and internal and external walls were considered. The simulation was performed based software’s parameters and model limitations were determined based on thermal, lighting, climatic and architectural parameters. Finally, the experimental and practical data were used to determine the validity of the model under Mashhad climate conditions. Overall, the results indicated that double-glazed windows could save 50% of entire building loads, 0.2% on power consumption, 16.2% on gas and 12.4% on overall households’ energy consumption.

Kaynak ve alici arasindaki mesaj alis-verisi olarak tanimlanabilecek olan iletisim, din egitim ve ogretimindeki en temel sureclerden biridir. Bu surec kaynak, alici, kanal, mesaj, geri bildirim ve ortam gibi farkli bir dizi unsurun etkisiyle sekillenen oldukca karmasik bir yapiya sahiptir. Fakat bu surecte en belirleyici olan unsurlar hic suphesiz kaynak ve alicidir. Zira iletisimin basarisi buyuk oranda alici ve kaynagin iletisim surecine bakislari ve ona yukledikleri anlamla iliskilidir. Iletisimin basari sansini engelleyen ve “gurultu” olarak isimlendirilen etkenlerin en onemlileri de yine kaynak ve alici merkezlidir. Iletisimin bu iki ana unsurundan kaynakli engellerin basinda ise iletisimde odak kaymasi problemi yer almaktadir. Etkili bir iletisimde alici ve kaynagin nereye odaklanmasi gerektigi sorusuna verilecek cevapla ilgili olan bu problem sadece iletisim surecini sekteye ugratmamakta ayni zamanda ozellikle dini iletisim alaninda ciddi toplumsal ve teolojik problemlerin ortaya cikmasina da zemin hazirlamaktadir. Bu calismada etkili iletisimin odak noktasinin neresi olmasi gerektigi meselesi ele alinmis, konu alici ve kaynak acisindan ayri ayri incelenmistir. Ozellikle de en az kaynak kadar onemli bir rolu olan alicinin iletisim surecinde neyi merkeze almasi gerektigi meselesi uzerinde su ana kadar yeterince durulmadigina dikkat cekilmistir. Neticede iletisimin her bir unsurunun etkili bir iletisimde payi oldugu gercegi inkar edilmeden kaynak acisindan bakildiginda alicinin, alici acisindan bakildiginda ise mesajin iletisimde odak noktasi olarak gorulmesi gerektirdigi; ozellikle bu iki unsurda karsimiza cikacak odak kaymasinin etkili dini iletisimin onundeki en onemli engellerden biri oldugu degerlendirilmistir.

The purpose of this research is to determine sixth and seventh graders’ perceptions of Khoja Ahmad Yassawi, who was among Turkish-Muslim thinkers, covered in the sixth and seventh grades social sciences curriculum. To this end, the metaphors produced and the pictures/cartoons drawn by the students about Khoja Ahmad Yassawi were examined. Qualitative research designs were employed in the research. The study group consists of 237 sixth and seventh graders educating in Mamak district of Ankara province in the spring semester of the 2015-2016 academic year. The data obtained from the participants were analyzed and interpreted via content analysis. The participants were found to have the following perceptions of Khoja Ahmad Yassawi: “informing, advisory”, “guiding, illuminating”, “showing the truth, providing benefit”, and “leaving a mark, esteemed”. ÖzBu araştırmada, sosyal bilgiler 6 ve 7. sınıf öğretim programında yer alan Türk-İslam mütefekkirlerinden Hoca Ahmed Yesevi’nin altıncı ve yedinci sınıf öğrencileri tarafından nasıl algılandığının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda; öğrencilerin Hoca Ahmed Yesevi’ye ilişkin geliştirdikleri metaforlar ve çizdikleri resim/karikatürler incelenmiştir. Nitel araştırma deseninde gerçekleştirilen araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2015-2016 eğitim öğretim bahar döneminde Ankara ili Mamak ilçesinde öğrenim gören 237 altıncı ve yedinci sınıf öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcılardan elde edilen verilerin çözümlenmesinde ve yorumlanmasında içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda katılımcıların, Hoca Ahmed Yesevi’yi; “bilgi sağlayan, öğüt veren”, “yol gösteren, aydınlatan”, “doğruyu gösteren, fayda sağlayan” ve “iz bırakan, değerli olan” şeklinde algıladıkları görülmektedir.

Darwish Muhammad Shifayi was born in early seventeenth century, and has been known as the commentator on Masnawi with his commentary on the first two volumes of the Rumi’s Masnawi. This famous commentator also had other works like Hadiyyet al-Fukara in which he translated Esma al-Hüsnâ, which was originally Persian and was translated into Turkish by him; Hadiyye-i Rahmat in which he wrote about Islam, mysticism and religious cults; and Sharh Shabistan Khayal in which he commented on the work of Fattah al-Nishabûrî called Shabistan Khayal. A critical text study was conducted on the first volume of his work with the name Sharh-i Masnawi and the critical text study is being conducted at present time about the second volume of this work and about Hadiyyat al-Fukarâ. There are no studies on Sharh Shabistan Khayal and on Hadiyye-i Rahmat, which is currently not available in Turkey.In this study, the work called Sharh Shabistan Khayal located in Süleymaniye Library Serez 2656 number will be introduced, the purpose of the commentator will be explained, and the commentary method will be dealt with. In Shabistan Khayal, which was originally written in Persian, issues on religion and life were handled with the dilemma style by using letter and word games. For this reason, when determining the commentary method of such a text, the translation and commentary of Persian expressions and the solution ways of the dilemmas must be considered. Based on this context, when explaining the commentary method of the commentator, the translation and commentary of the Persian text will be dealt with firstly; and the dilemma resolution methods such as amel-i tahsîlî, amel-i tekmîlî, amel-i teshîlî, amel-i tezyîlî will be dealt with in the second section under the title of “Art”. ÖzOn yedinci yüzyılın başında dünyaya gelen Dervîş Muhammed Şifâyî, Mevlânâ’nın Mesnevî’sinin ilk iki cildine yaptığı şerhle Mesnevî şarihi olarak tanınmıştır. Şarihin bundan başka aslı Farsça olan iki Esmâ-yı Hüsnâ şerhini Türkçeye tercüme ettiği Hediyyetü’l-Fukarâ, İslam dini, tasavvuf ve tarikatlara dair kaleme aldığı Hediyye-yi Rahmet ve Fettâh-ı Nişâbûrî’nin Şebistân-ı Hayâl adlı eserini şerh ettiği Şerh-i Şebistân-ı Hayâl adlı eserleri vardır. Bu eserlerden Şerh-i Mesnevî’nin birinci cildi üzerinde tenkitli metin çalışması yapılmış, söz konusu eserin ikinci cildi ve Hediyyetü’l-Fukarâ adlı eser üzerinde tenkitli metin çalışmaları yapılmaktadır. Şerh-i Şebistân-ı Hayâl ve yurt dışında bulunduğu için henüz temin edilemeyen Hediyye-yi Rahmet adlı eserlerle ilgili bir çalışma yoktur.Bu makalede, Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi Serez 2656 numarada bulunan Şerh-i Şebistân-ı Hayâl adlı eser tanıtılıp şarihin maksadını izahtan sonra şerh yöntemi üzerinde durulacaktır. Aslı Farsça olan Şebistân-ı Hayâl’de, din ve hayata dair konular harf ve kelime oyunları vasıtasıyla muammâ tarzında ele alınmıştır. Dolayısıyla böyle bir metnin şerh yöntemini belirlerken hem Farsça ifadelerin tercüme ve şerhi hem de muammâların çözüm şekilleri göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Bu düşünceden hareketle şarihin şerh yöntemi ele alınırken öncelikle Farsça metnin tercüme ve şerhi, ikinci olarak da “sanat” başlığı altında, muammâların halledildiği bölümde kullanılan amel-i tahsîlî, amel-i tekmîlî, amel-i teshîlî, amel-i tezyîlî gibi muammâ çözüm yöntemleri üzerinde durulacaktır.

This study is based on the content analysis of the units on pre-historic periods of Cyprus History, Book 1 used in secondary schools between 2004 and 2009 and of Turkish Cypriot History, 6th Grade Books used for the secondary schools between 2009 and 2016. Mixed research methods, which compromises qualitative and quantitative research method, was used in this study. The qualitative part of the study includes the examination of the units on prehistoric ages in the textbooks according to criteria such as concepts, skills and visuals. In the quantitative part of the study, it has been consulted 67 teachers who are able to give a history lesson in secondary schools. According to the findings obtained from the study, it is possible to say that the opinions of the teachers with regard to the Cyprus History, Book I between 2004-2009 are more positive than 6th Grade Books of Cyprus History between 2009-2016. Additionally, it was seen that there were missing points in the units on pre-historic periods of the said course books in terms of concepts, skills and visuals. ÖzÇalışmada 2004-2009 yılları arasında orta dereceli okullarda okutulan Kıbrıs Tarihi 1. Kitap ile 2009-2016 yılları arasında orta dereceli okullarda okutulan Kıbrıs Türk Tarihi 6. Sınıf ders kitaplarının tarih öncesi devirlerini içeren ünitelerinin içerik açısından değerlendirilmesi esas alınmıştır. Çalışmada nitel ve nicel araştırma yöntemlerini içerisine alan karma araştırma modeli kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın nitel bölümünde ders kitapları içerisinde yer alan tarih öncesi çağları içeren ünitelerin kavramlar, beceriler ve görseller gibi kriterler doğrultusunda incelenmesi yer almaktadır. Araştırmanın nicel bölümünde ise orta dereceli okullarda tarih dersi verebilecek niteliklere sahip 67 öğretmenin görüşüne başvurulmuştur. Çalışmanın sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre 2004-2009 Kıbrıs Tarihi 1. Kitap ders kitabına ait öğretmen görüşlerinin 2009-2016 Kıbrıs Türk Tarihi 6. Sınıf ders kitabı öğretmen görüşlerine göre daha olumlu olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Ayrıca söz konusu ders kitaplarının tarih öncesi devirleri içeren ünitelerinde kavramlar, beceriler ve görseller açısından eksikliklerin yer aldığı görülmektedir.

Cadmium sulphide CdS films with 200 nm have been prepared by thermal evaporation technique on glass substrate at substrate room temperature under vacuum of 10-5mbar.In this paper, the effect of Dielectric Barrier Discharge plasma on the optical properties of the CdS film. The prepared films were exposed to different time intervals (0, 3, 5, 8) min. For every sample, the Absorption A, absorption coefficient α , energy gap Eg ,extinction coefficient K and dielectric constant ε were studied. It is found that the energy gap were decreased with exposure time, and absorption , Absorption coefficient, refractive index, extinction coefficient, dielectric constant increased with time of exposure to the plasma. Our study considers the first investigation of the effect of cold atmospheric plasma on the optical properties of CdS film.

Metal nanoparticles can serve as an efficient nano-heat source with confinement photothermal effects. Thermo-plasmonic technology allows researchers to control the temperature at a nanoscale due to the possibility of precise light propagation. The response of opto-thermal generation of single gold-silica core-shell nanoparticle immersed in water and Poly-vinylpyrrolidone surrounding media is theoretically investigated. Two lasers (CW and fs pulses) at the plasmonic resonance (532 nm) are utilized. For this purpose, finite element method is used via COMSOL multiphysics to find a numerical computation of absorption cross section for the proposed core –shell NP in different media. Thermo-plasmonic response for both lasers is studied. The heat profile of different nanostructures is estimated. The results revealed that the temperature distribution profile was varied due to changing in the relative volume fraction between the core and the shell of nanoparticle.

This policy paper recommends that Lebanon should join the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI). The EITI can benefit Lebanon by providing transparency in Lebanon’s industrial sector, which serves the public interest. It further could improve Lebanon’s economy and accountability by empowering communities and forming a relationship between government and civil society. The EITI also can help in building a trustworthy reputation for Lebanon, making Lebanon an appealing environment for investors.

Change in environment situation, attitudes, and structure are factors influential on goals of planning that finally change the program. The planning with traditional approach has not the ability to cope with these changes and would lead to failure. This condition led to the thought that planning should change direction of strategic planning and apply a new direction and behavior; this attitude underlined the innovation of strategic planning. The role of strategic direction in each strategic planning is to determine orientation and also prioritization of strategies. Since development strategy is one of the common ones, so the goal of current research is strategic detraction for development of Darband river-valley recognized by two techniques of IE and SPACE techniques. The research is of survey type performed by questionnaires among experts in the field of planning during 2013-2014. This research is an applied research performed in two levels. The first questionnaire contains internal factors (strength- weakness) and external factors (opportunity-thread) influential on Darband river-valley development. The internal factor evaluation (IFE) and external factor evaluation (EFE) tables were also completed by second questionnaire. The results showed that Darband valley is developed more than its capacity; and it not only needs to further development, but also requires management tools to improve current situation.

Writing is one of the most important aspects in English language acquisition. Teaching writing has its own challenges since there are some steps and requirements that teachers should prepare to undertake in the classroom. This article is aimed to discuss teaching and learning writing in the classroom based on theoretical conceptualisation. In addition, curriculum of teaching writing will be another important factor to consider as well as research and practice in teaching writing. Based on comparison to many theoretical concepts from various researchers, it shows that most of Indonesian students still struggle to figure out their problems of grammatical area. The biggest challenge is derived from the difference in cultural backgrounds between the students’ mother tongue and English, so it is possible to know the production of their writing does not ‘sound’ well in appropriate culture of English. Several problems also occur when the teachers have big classes to teach and the result of teaching writing to the students may be defeated. In this case, time also being a big challenge for the teachers to have the students’ writing improve because to accomplish a good composition in English, it needs complex steps such as brainstorming, prewriting, drafting, and editing. However, new techniques in teaching writing are needed to develop the students’ writing outcomes.

Fable is not just a fun story, but more than that, it has moral lesson(s) inside of the storyline. This research tries to portray ethic value(s) in three selected English fable stories as well as to let the readers know that they can learn something from the fables. With this study, the researcher also correlated the value(s) to real life and Islamic views. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher employed qualitative research design with descriptive analysis as an attempt to provide an in-depth and comprehensive explanation of the data. The data of this study, gotten from the researcher’s random survey on Primary and Junior High Schools students on January –June 2015, are three selected English fable stories entitled “The Rabbit and the Turtle, The Fox and the Goat, and The Monkey and the Crocodile”. The results indicate that each fable has, at least, a moral lesson in its narrative, among others: Never underestimate the weakest opponent, Never give up is the key of success, Think first before doing an action, Being smart helps better in life, and Trust is the basis of relationship.

In this research, an enhancement in lubricating, rheological, and filtration properties of unweighted water-based mud is fundamentally investigated using XC polymer NPs with 0.2gm, 0.5gm, 1gm, 2gm, and 4gm concentrations. Bentonite, that had been used in the preparation of unweighted water-based mud, was characterized using XRF-1800 Sequential X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer, XRD-6100/7000 X-ray Diffractometer, and Malvern Mastersizer 2000 particle size analyzer, respectively. Lubricating, rheology and filtration properties of unweighted water-based mud were measured at room temperature (35°C) using OFITE EP and Lubricity Tester, OFITE Model 900 Viscometer, and OFITE Low-Pressure Filter Press, respectively. XC Polymer NPs show a good enhancement in lubricating, rheology and filtration properties of unweighted water-based mud. The effect of XC Polymer NPs on lubricating properties was denoted at 4gm concentration, where the reduction percentage in COF was 30%. An increase in PV, YP, AV, gel strength of unweighted water-based mud was obtained due to the addition of XC Polymer NPs at concentrations up to 4gm. A reduction in filtrate volume and mud cake thickness of unweighted water-based mud was obtained due to the addition of XC Polymer NPs at 2gm and 4gm concentrations, the best result was obtained with using 4gm concentration, the reduction percentage of filtrate volume was 20.7% and mud cake thickness was 41%.

The aim of this work is to enhance the mechanical properties of the glass ionomer cement GIC (dental materials) by adding Zirconium Oxide ZrO2 in both micro and nano particles. GIC were mixed with (3, 5 and 7) wt% of both ZrO2 micro and nanoparticles separately. Compressive strength (CS), biaxial flexural strength (BFS), Vickers Microhardness (VH) and wear rate losses (WR) were investigated. The maximum compression strength was 122.31 MPa with 5 wt. % ZrO2 micro particle, while 3wt% nanoparticles give highest Microhardness and biaxial flexural strength of 88.8 VHN and 35.79 MPa respectively. The minimum wear rate losses were 3.776µg/m with 7 wt. % ZrO2 nanoparticle. GIC-containing ZrO2 micro and nanoparticles is a promising restorative material with improved mechanical properties expect wear rate losses.

This work presents the modeling of the electrical response of monocrystalline photovoltaic module by using five parameters model based on manufacture data-sheet of a solar module that measured in stander test conditions (STC) at radiation 1000W/m² and cell temperature 25 . The model takes into account the series and parallel (shunt) resistance of the module. This paper considers the details of Matlab modeling of the solar module by a developed Simulink model using the basic equations, the first approach was to estimate the parameters: photocurrent Iph, saturation current Is, shunt resistance Rsh, series resistance Rs, ideality factor A at stander test condition (STC) by an iteration process. To implement the iteration process, a numerical approach based on the Newton Raphson method has been implemented and programmed in Matlab. The second mathematical model used in Matlab/Simulink using equations for each parameter to determine the parameters at all operating conditions. The Matlab program gives the information about the behavior of the practical PV module, under different atmospheric conditions. The model accuracy was also analyzed through finding out the compatibility between the practical and the theoretical aspects at different solar radiation intensity 500, 750 and 1000 W/m2 by extracting the error ratios. The results show that there is difference between theoretical (modeled) and experimental, the best validation (less error) between five parameters model and experimental maximum power results at radiation 500, 750, 1000 W/m2 and STC was 5.5%, 19%, 18% and 12.3% in January respectively, due to the decreases in ambient temperature and thus decreases in the temperature of solar module in January led to increase in maximum output power and producing best validation between model and experimental in this month.

In this paper, an experimental study of the thermal performance for hybrid solar air conditioning system was carried out, to investigate system suitability for the hot climate in Iraq. The system consists of vapor compression unit combined with evacuated tube solar collector and liquid storage tank. A three-way valve was installed after the compressor to control the direction flow of the refrigerant, either to the storage tank or directly to the condenser. The performance parameters were collected by data logger to display and record in the computer by using LabVIEW software. The results show that the average coefficient of performance of hybrid solar air conditioning system (R=1) was about 2.42 to 2.77 and the average power consumption was about 1.1 to 1.12 kW when the ambient temperature was about 34.2 to 39.7 ˚C, while the average coefficient of performance of conventional system (R=0) was about 3.23 and the average power consumption was about 1 kW when the ambient temperature was about 30.8 to 34.3 ˚C. It can be concluded that the use of the hybrid solar system in Iraq with its current form could not be saved electricity.

Warm mix asphalt (WMA) is relatively a new technology which enables the production and compaction of asphalt concrete mixtures at temperatures 15-40 °C lower than that of traditional hot mix asphalt HMA. In the present work, six asphalt concrete mixtures were produced in the mix plant (1 ton each) in six different batches. Half of these mixes were WMA and the other half were HMA. Three types of fillers (limestone dust, Portland cement and hydrated lime) were used for each type of mix. Samples were then taken from these patches and transferred to lab for performance testing which includes: Marshall characteristics, moisture susceptibility (indirect tension test), resilient modulus, permanent deformation (axial repeated load test) and fatigue characteristics (third point flexural beam test). The obtained results indicated that the performance of WMA is enhanced when using the hydrated lime as filler in comparison with the limestone dust and Portland cement fillers. Better fatigue life was obtained for WMA using hydrated lime filler in comparison with HMA. Regardless the filler type, the Marshall properties of WMA satisfy the requirement of local specification, other properties of WMA were relatively lower than the HMA.

The importance of Baghdad city as the capital of Iraq and the center of the attention of delegations because of its long history is essential to preserve its environment. This is achieved through the integrated management of municipal solid waste since this is only possible by knowing the quantities produced by the population on a daily basis. This study focused to predicate the amount of municipal solid waste generated in Karkh and Rusafa separately, in addition to the quantity produced in Baghdad, using IBM SPSS 23 software. Results that showed the average generation rates of domestic solid waste in Rusafa side was higher than that of Al-Karkh side because Rusafa side has higher population density than Al-Karkh side. The artificial neural networks show a high coefficient of determination between the predicted and observed domestic solid waste, with R2 value reaching to 0.91, 0.828 and 0.827 for Al-Karkh, 0.9986,0. 9903 and 0.9903 for Rusafa side, and 0.9989, 0.9878 and 0.9847 in Baghdad city, and also, these models were used to estimate the generation of municipal solid waste for short period with highly efficient which assistance in planning to design landfills sites.

To damp the low-frequency oscillations which occurred due to the disturbances in the electrical power system, the generators are equipped with Power System Stabilizer (PSS) that provide supplementary feedback stabilizing signals. The low-frequency oscillations in power system are classified as local mode oscillations, intra-area mode oscillation, and interarea mode oscillations. Double input multiband Power system stabilizers (PSSs) were used to damp out low-frequency oscillations in power system. Among dual-input PSSs, PSS4B offers superior transient performance. Power system simulator for engineering (PSS/E) software was adopted to test and evaluate the dynamic performance of PSS4B model on Iraqi national grid. The results showed that after installing the PSS in a specific plant the oscillation of rotor angle, bus frequency, speed, power flow is better than without PSS during the disturbances that occurred during the simulations. All the PSS/E simulation and tests were done in the National dispatch center (NDC) laboratory, Ministry of Electricity.

The current Iraqi standard specifications for roads and bridges allowed the prepared Job-Mix Formula for asphalt mixtures to witness some tolerances with regard to the following: coarse aggregate gradation by ± 6.0 %, fine aggregate gradation by ± 4.0 %, filler gradation by ± 2.0 %, asphalt cement content by ± 0.3 % and mixing temperature by ± 15 oC. The objective of this work is to evaluate the behavior of asphalt mixtures prepared by different aggregates gradations (12.5 mm nominal maximum size) that fabricated by several asphalt contents (40-50 grade) and various mixing temperature. All the tolerances specified in the specifications are taken into account, furthermore, the zones beyond these tolerances are also observed. The evaluation process is illustrated by volumetric properties such as density, air voids, voids in mineral aggregate and voids filled with asphalt. Marshall test is carried out to find stability and flow values. The resistance to moisture effect is investigated by conducting the compressive test for dry and water immersed conditions to find the index of retained strength. The experimental results supported the recommendations to increase tolerances of coarse and fine aggregate gradations to ± 7.0 % and ± 5.0 % respectively. The optimum asphalt content tolerance can be increased to ± 0.5 %. The tolerances of filler gradation and mixing temperature are preferable to keep their current values.

A progressive increase in the desire for environmentally friendly lubricants by users and strict government regulations for the use of these lubricants has provided an opportunity to use plant oils as biodegradable lubricants, therefore vegetable oils have been investigated to replace oil lubricants because of their maintaining the conditions of nature (environment) properties. In this paper, the influences of the blending ratio of mustard seeds oil with commercial mineral oil (SAE40) on the tribological characteristics were investigated and compared with mineral oil using the four-ball tribotester. Mustard seeds oil was blended with mineral oil at a volumetric ratio ranging from 22.5 to 90%. All experimental works were confirmed to ASTM D4172-B standard. The results exhibit that some blends of mustard seeds oil with mineral oil have lower wear scar diameter, friction torque, Friction coefficient and a higher parameter of flash temperature value compared to mineral oil and neat mustard seed oil. In conclusion, the mustard seed oil blend (MU22.5) shows a better anti-wear and anti-friction performance compared to oil samples. Therefore, mustard seeds oil has the potential to be used as a lubricant of mating surfaces.

A smart city is rising as an approach and strategy to reduce the troubles produced by rapid urbanization and the growth of urban population. Although, cities continue to develop and purify their social, economic and environmental goals along with the strategies to achieve them, this phenomenon has been discussed by little research yet. However, due to the requiring immediate action or attention for practical application of the principles of smart cities, city authorities, stakeholders and local communities need to know the current reality of their city and where development is being attained in their systems. Therefore, constructing a framework for smart cities assessment will help share or exchange the newcomer strong and weak points, and emphasize where actual development is taking place and update a plan for future developments. Moreover, this assessment is able to assist cities prioritizes actions. This paper developed a guiding assessment framework for smart cites that will help the creating, carefully choosing and priorities of crucial indicators. These indicators can then show the way to the smart cites performance assessment and monitoring. Drawing on the investigation of an extensive and wide collection of literature from a variety of disciplinary areas and based on the conceptual literature on smart cities, in addition to interviews this study identify a good tool to help recognizing of virtual achievement of smart city. Furthermore, it is significant to be taken into consideration in assessing smart city smartness level.

These days the turbocharging system is assuming an essential part in enhancing car engines performance and diminishing fuel utilization and the fumes emanations, in spark-ignition and compression ignition engines. The performance of a radial turbine for the turbocharger device is heavily affected by the flow dynamics in a radial impeller. Furthermore, modification and improvement of a radial turbine impeller is a challenging task for turbomachinery engineers. Hence, this study aimed to further computational fluid dynamic analyses of a radial turbine stage performance .The design characteristics of a radial turbine stage, was used to simulate the flow by using independent packages of ANSYS CFX. The comparative study of a three dimensional flow simulation will give a more reasonable results of the turbine stage flow behavior and computational fluid dynamic simulation can give a more detailed result and reveal unexpected flow behavior like separation and vortexes.The results showed that the fluid flow dynamics within a turbine stage has indicated a noticeable performance characteristics. Obviously, it was observed that the pressure ratio and volume flow rate and efficiency were predicted numerically. Overall numerical results obtained from computational fluid dynamic simulations could produce a highly reliable for estimation on the performance a radial turbine of turbocharger.

Performance of a diesel engine running under butanol-diesel blends one of important cases to evaluate the variance in the engine performance due to the fuel type change. Many efforts exerted in this field. Artificial neural network (ANN) model one of modern technique is used to predict the engine performance. ANN using a multi layer feed forward back propagation learning algorithm is developed to evaluate diesel engine performance. The brake efficiency, fuel consumption and exhaust temperature are predicted. The data required for training of ANN model are collected from experimental tests carried out on multi cylinder diesel engine. More than forty different architectures are tested for obtaining best fitting model. Maximum, minimum as well as average percentage errors are calculated for each architecture and R & s test is carried out to decide upon the best architecture for this model. The training process is set to stop when all errors are below 0.01 for training and below 3% for the validation. The results obtained from trained model are compared with experimental data of engine performance. The numerical investigation demonstrated that the ANN model is the best approach and assessment program for diesel engine performance with only 0.7% absolute average errors. The precise results of the model indicated an excellent and prompting training of ANN model.

Air pollution must take more attention because its effects on human health. One of the most important air pollutants is ground-level ozone O3, which plays an important role in air quality and climate change on the earth. Ozone affected by the other air pollutants, so this paper attempt to study the relationship between hourly, daily and monthly ground-level ozone concentration and hourly, daily and monthly air pollutant concentrations and its effect on ground-level ozone concentration. The other air pollutants are: sulfur dioxide SO2, nitrogen oxides NOx, nitrogen monoxide NO, nitrogen dioxide NO2 and carbon dioxide CO2. The monitoring station is in Babylon University in the south of Al-Hilla city, Iraq for the period 2015-2016. By using statistical analysis, correlation coefficient and some statistics for all air pollutants are computed. Results are: the maximum average ozone concentration is in the summer months June, July and August 39.30 ppb, 45.05 ppb and 36.63 ppb respectively and along the day the peak average ozone concentration is in the afternoon because of high temperature and high solar radiation intensity which is increasing the photochemical activity of ozone. There is no significant correlation between ozone and sulfur dioxide SO2, carbon dioxide CO2 (ρ > 0.05). High significant correlation is appeared between ozone and nitrogen oxides forms (ρ < 0.01). To express the complex relation between ozone and nitrogen oxide forms, proportions such as NO/NO2 and (NOx-NO)/NO is determined which explain the ozone photochemical activity. Ozone concentration decreases with increasing of NO/NO2 and increases with (NOx-NO)/NOx increasing.

This article aims to explore ”scientific exegesis” of ministry of religious affairs of Indonesia. As we know the scientific exegesis is one of the approaches in interpreting the Qur’an which appeared since the middle century. This will try to explore the epistemology of that exegesis and the interest of government in process of writing the exegesis. It will focus in three themes namely ocean, food and a drink, and time. This concludes that first this exegesis is a part of the thematic method. Second, according to validity aspect, this exegesis agrees with the correspondence and pragmatism aspect, but not in coherence aspect. Third, this exegesis is an effort to help the policy of government.