82 results
Search Results
2. Using Cohen Sutherland Line Clipping Algorithm to Generate 3D Models from 2D
- Author
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Marah M. Taha
- Subjects
vision field ,2d drawing ,lcsh:Mathematics ,3d model ,vanishing point ,General Medicine ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Line clipping ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,Vanishing point ,Algorithm ,Mathematics - Abstract
This paper provides an efficient algorithm to generate three dimensional objects from simple uncomplicated 2D environment, lead to reduce processor effort, limit of using complex mathematical operations. Most of the previous researches used the idea of drawing by vanishing point to generate 3D objects from 2D environment, But the algorithm designed in this paper provides an idea of how to draw three-dimensional shapes from two-dimensional drawings when applying Cohen Sutherland Line clipping algorithm, so that a basic two-dimensional shape is inserted from a set of points connected with each other must be within vision borders with a vanishing point outside of vision that is connected with all points of basic shape to consist a group of lines with partial intersections. So that any point has specific limited vision border which represents one of its coordinates of depth vertex, finally 3d object is generated when all clipping processes are completed to obtain other coordinates for all points.
- Published
- 2020
3. A Survey of Two Optimization Methods to Solve a Modified Minimal Spanning Tree Problem in Undirected Tree Graph
- Author
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Isra Natheer Alkallak and Ruqaya Zedan Sha’ban
- Subjects
Mathematical optimization ,spanning tree ,Spanning tree ,lcsh:Mathematics ,Prim's algorithm ,General Medicine ,Minimum spanning tree ,k-minimum spanning tree ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,Steiner tree problem ,Connected dominating set ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Distributed minimum spanning tree ,symbols.namesake ,symbols ,Gomory–Hu tree ,ant colony ,simulated annealing ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,Mathematics - Abstract
The paper tackled a survey of two optimization methods to study spanning tree problem by modifying the spanning tree problem to generate all of possible solutions in undirected tree graph with simulated annealing algorithm and ant colony optimization algorithm. These algorithms are two of the optimization methods to find optimal solution from many of solutions in search space. A program is written in MATLAB 6.5 language to simulate these two algorithms with spanning tree problem. The experimental results in this paper show the effectiveness and easy implementation of each algorithm to find optimal solution, and to perform significantly better than the manual method.
- Published
- 2011
4. On Infinitesimal Approximation of a Continuous Function
- Author
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Tahir H. Ismail and E Nelson
- Subjects
Transfer principle ,infinitesimal ,Pure mathematics ,convex set ,Continuous function ,Infinitesimal ,lcsh:Mathematics ,Mathematical analysis ,General Medicine ,Derivative ,Characterization (mathematics) ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,continuous function ,Infinitesimal transformation ,Uniqueness ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,Element (category theory) ,approximation ,Mathematics - Abstract
If P and Q are convex subsets in ) X ( C , and 0 ) x ( q > in X for all Q q ∈ . If the approximation family is the set { } Q q , P p : q p T ∈ ∈ = An Infinitesimal approximation of ) X ( C f ∈ an element in T established in [4],[5]. A characterization of an infinitesimal approximation, necessary and sufficient conditions for the unique infinitesimal approximation are obtained. 1Introduction: In this paper the problem of obtaining an infinitesimal approximation with a necessary and sufficient conditions for the uniqueness of infinitesimal approximation are considered and studied. The following definitions and statements of nonstandard analysis will be needed throughout this papers [3],[4],[6]. The axioms of IST given by Nelson E. [3] are the axioms of ZFC together with three additional axioms, which are called the transfer principle (T), the idealization principle (I), and the standardization principle (S) are stated by the following
- Published
- 2010
5. w-Wiener Polynomials for Width Distance of Some Special Graphs
- Author
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Asma Aziz and Ali Ramadan Ali
- Subjects
Combinatorics ,lcsh:Mathematics ,General Medicine ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,width distance ,wiener index ,diameter ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,wiener polynomial ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Mathematics - Abstract
Let G be a k0-connected graph ,and let ,,be the w- width, distance between the two vertices u,v in G. The w-Wiener polynomial of the width distance of G is defined by: Ww(G;x) is obtained in this paper for some special graphs G such as a cycle , a wheel, a theta graph , a straight hexagonal chain , and Wagner graph .The diameter with respect to the width distance – w, and the Wiener index for each such special graphs are also obtained in this paper.
- Published
- 2007
6. Statistical Analysis of the Quality of Date Production for 2019 in Iraq
- Author
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Nadia A. Ayed
- Subjects
the coefficient of determination ,Descriptive statistics ,media_common.quotation_subject ,lcsh:Mathematics ,descriptive statistics ,General Medicine ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,stepwise multiple regressions ,Statistics ,Production (economics) ,Statistical analysis ,Quality (business) ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,estimate parameters of the model ,anova ,Mathematics ,media_common - Abstract
Dates are a great food that meets many human needs, and the government should encourage and intensify efforts to support the expansion of palm cultivation and development and focus on its production in our country as a means of food security in the future. In addition, palm trees have an important economic role in improving the country's economy. In this paper, a sharp decline in the quality of production will be highlighted. So, the aim of the study is to know the most important types of palm trees that affect the production of tigers for the year 2019 if the study includes 11 governorates, and the multiple linear regression method has been applied in selecting the most important types affecting the production.. and the types of palm trees did not appear Halawi and Khattawi and Khadari any effect on Dates production in the aforementioned year, although these types are considered to be one of the desirable first-class varieties in the Iraqi market, and for export in particular, in a manner that supports the country's economy.
- Published
- 2020
7. The Homotopy Analysis Method in Turning Point Problems
- Author
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Rasha F. Ahmed and Waleed M. Al-Hayani
- Subjects
turning points ,boundary value problems ,lcsh:Mathematics ,homotopy analysis method ,Applied mathematics ,Turning point ,General Medicine ,Boundary value problem ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,Homotopy analysis method ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper, we used the homotopy analysis method to ordinary differential equations of type boundary value problems with a parameter representing turning points."To show the high accuracy of the solution results, we compare the numerical results applying the standard homotopy analysis method with the integral equation and the numerical solution of the Simpson and Trapezoidal rules."Also, we give the estimated order of convergence (local) and the global estimated order of convergence along the interval.
- Published
- 2020
8. Hosoya Polynomial and Wiener Index of Zero-Divisor Graph of Z_n
- Author
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Husam Q. Mohammad and Mohammad N. Authman
- Subjects
zero-divisor graph ,lcsh:Mathematics ,General Medicine ,Commutative ring ,Wiener index ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,Graph ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Combinatorics ,TheoryofComputation_ANALYSISOFALGORITHMSANDPROBLEMCOMPLEXITY ,commutative rings ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,hosoya polynomial and wiener index ,Zero divisor ,Mathematics - Abstract
Let R be a commutative ring with identity. We associate a graph . In this paper, we find Hosoya polynomial and Wiener index of Zn , with n= pm or n= pmq, where p and q are distinct prime numbers and m is an integer with m 2.
- Published
- 2018
9. Classification of Zero Divisor Graphs of Commutative Rings of Degrees 11,12 and 13
- Author
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Nazar H. Shuker and Husam Q. Mohammad
- Subjects
zero-divisor graph ,Mathematics::Number Theory ,lcsh:Mathematics ,General Medicine ,Commutative ring ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Combinatorics ,Mathematics::Algebraic Geometry ,zero-divisor ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,Zero divisor ,ring ,Mathematics - Abstract
In 2005 Wang investigated the zero divisor graphs of degrees 5,6,9 and 10. In 2012 Shuker and Mohammad investigated the zero divisor graphs of degrees 7 and 8. In this paper, we consider zero divisor graphs of commutative rings of degrees 11, 12 and 13.
- Published
- 2014
10. A Modified Class of Conjugate Gradient Algorithms Based on Quadratic Model for Nonlinear Unconstrained Optimization
- Author
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Basim A. Hassan and Hameed M. Sadiq
- Subjects
Class (set theory) ,Quadratic model ,lcsh:Mathematics ,MathematicsofComputing_NUMERICALANALYSIS ,General Medicine ,Unconstrained optimization ,quadratic model ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Nonlinear system ,Conjugate gradient method ,Applied mathematics ,conjugate gradient ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper, we have investigated a new class of conjugate gradient algorithms for unconstrained non-linear optimization which are based on the quadratic model. Some theoretical results are investigated which are sufficient descent and ensure the local convergence of the new proposed algorithms. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithms are effective by comparing with the Polak and Ribiere algorithm.
- Published
- 2014
11. Studying the Stability of a Non-linear Autoregressive Model (Polynomial with Hyperbolic Cosine Function)
- Author
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Abdul Ghafoor Jasim Salim and Anas Salim Youns Abdullah
- Subjects
Polynomial ,lcsh:Mathematics ,Hyperbolic function ,autoregressive model ,General Medicine ,Function (mathematics) ,stability ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,Stability (probability) ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Nonlinear system ,limit cycle ,Autoregressive model ,Applied mathematics ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,singular point ,non-linear time series model ,non-linear random vibration ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper we study the statistical properties of one of a non-linear autoregressive model with hyperbolic triangle function(polynomial with hyperbolic cosinefunction)by using the local linearization approximation method to find the stability of the model (singular point and its stability conditions and the stability of limit cycle).Where we started by the model of lower order (first and second and third order) and generalized the idea, and we tried to apply these theory results by using some of examples to explain one of important truth that says (if the model has unstable singular point, then it, maybe, has a stable limit cycle).
- Published
- 2014
12. Nullity and Bounds to the Nullity of Dendrimer Graphs
- Author
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Khidir R. Sharaf and Didar A. Ali
- Subjects
Combinatorics ,Mathematics::Combinatorics ,nullity of graphs ,Dendrimer ,lcsh:Mathematics ,General Medicine ,graph spectra ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Mathematics ,MathematicsofComputing_DISCRETEMATHEMATICS - Abstract
In this paper, a high zero-sum weighting is applied to evaluate the nullity of a dendrimer graph for some special graphs such as cycles, paths, complete graphs, complete bipartite graphs and star graphs. Finally, we introduce and prove a sharp lower and a sharp upper bound for the nullity of the coalescence graph of two graphs.
- Published
- 2013
13. Stability Analysis of Anonlinear Autoregressive Model of First Order
- Author
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Abdulghafoor Salim and Abeer Ahmed
- Subjects
Autoregressive model ,the singular point ,lcsh:Mathematics ,the limit cycle ,Applied mathematics ,the linear approximation technique ,General Medicine ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,First order ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,Stability (probability) ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper, we study the moment of a non linear – autoregressive polynomial model of first order, also we analysis the stability of this model and find the singular point as well as the limit cycle by using the linear approximation technique.
- Published
- 2013
14. Fourier Stability Analysis of Two Finite Element Schemes for Reaction-Diffusion System with Fast Reversible Reaction
- Author
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Mohammed O. Al-Amr and Ann J. Al-Sawoor
- Subjects
Discrete mathematics ,lumped scheme ,lcsh:Mathematics ,General Medicine ,reaction-diffusion system ,consistent scheme ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,Stability (probability) ,Finite element method ,Reversible reaction ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,symbols.namesake ,Fourier transform ,Reaction–diffusion system ,symbols ,finite element scheme ,Applied mathematics ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,Galerkin method ,Mathematics ,Von Neumann architecture - Abstract
In this paper, the stability analysis is performed on two Galerkin finite element schemes for solving reaction-diffusion system with fast reversible reaction. Fourier (Von Neumann) method is implemented to propose time-step criteria for the consistent and the lumped schemes with four popular choices for . We have found that the two schemes are unconditionally stable when , while the consistent scheme is stable under the conditions and when . Also, the lumped scheme is stable under the conditions and when .
- Published
- 2013
15. A Series of Saddle - Node Bifurcation and Chaotic Behavior of a Family of a Semi - Triangular Maps
- Author
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Ammar A.M. Jameel and Salma M. Faris
- Subjects
Series (mathematics) ,lcsh:Mathematics ,Chaotic ,Saddle-node bifurcation ,General Medicine ,Topology ,chaotic ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,semi-triangular maps ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Nonlinear Sciences::Chaotic Dynamics ,bifurcation ,Applied mathematics ,Homoclinic bifurcation ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,Nonlinear Sciences::Pattern Formation and Solitons ,Mathematics - Abstract
This paper studies the bifurcations in dynamics of a family of semi-triangular maps . We will prove that this family has a series of Saddle-node bifurcations and a period doubling bifurcation. Also, we show that for some value of the parameter the functions will be chaotic.
- Published
- 2013
16. New Conjugacy Coefficient for Conjugate Gradient Method for Unconstrained Optimization
- Author
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Huda Y. Najem and Hamsa Th. Chilmeran
- Subjects
lcsh:Mathematics ,Mathematical analysis ,MathematicsofComputing_NUMERICALANALYSIS ,inexact line search ,General Medicine ,Derivation of the conjugate gradient method ,Unconstrained optimization ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,and strong wolf condition ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Nonlinear conjugate gradient method ,global convergence ,Conjugacy class ,Conjugate gradient method ,conjugate gradient method ,Conjugate residual method ,unconstrained optimization ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,Gradient method ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper, we derived a new conjugacy coefficient of conjugate gradient method which is based on non-linear function using inexact line searches. This method satisfied sufficient descent condition and the converges globally is provided. The numerical results indicate that the new approach yields very effective depending on number of iterations and number of functions evaluation .
- Published
- 2013
17. An Application of He's Variational Iteration Method for Solving Duffing - Van Der Pol Equation
- Author
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Ann J. Al-Sawoor and Merna A. Aziz
- Subjects
Van der Pol oscillator ,lcsh:Mathematics ,Mathematical analysis ,duffing-van der pol equation ,runge-kutta order four ,Duffing equation ,General Medicine ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Variational iteration method ,he's variational iteration method ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,adomian decomposition method ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,approximate solution ,Equation solving ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper, we apply He's variational iteration method (VIM) and the Adomian decomposition method (ADM) to approximate the solution of Duffing-Van Der Pol equation (DVP). In VIM, a correction functional is constructed by a general Lagrange multiplier which can be identified via a variational theory. The VIM yields an approximate solution in the form of a quickly convergent series. Comparisons of the two series solutions with the classical Runge-Kutta order four RK45 method show that the VIM is a powerful method for the solution of nonlinear equations. The convergent of He's variational iteration method to this equation is also considered.
- Published
- 2013
18. Classification of Zero Divisor Graphs of a Commutative Ring With Degree Equal 7 and 8
- Author
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Nazar H. Shuker and Husam Q. Mohammad
- Subjects
Reduced ring ,zero-divisor graph ,Degree (graph theory) ,Mathematics::Number Theory ,lcsh:Mathematics ,General Medicine ,Commutative ring ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Combinatorics ,Mathematics::Algebraic Geometry ,Divisor summatory function ,Primary ideal ,zero-divisor ,Domain (ring theory) ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,Zero divisor ,ring ,Mathematics - Abstract
In 2005 J. T Wang investigated the zero divisor graphs of degrees 5 and 6. In this paper, we consider the zero divisor graphs of a commutative rings of degrees 7 and 8.
- Published
- 2013
19. Study Conditions of Center of Gravity for Trivial Solution to Semi Linear Differantial Equation of Third Order in The One Critical Cases
- Author
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Zena Yaseen and Thair Thanoon
- Subjects
stability theory ,Third order ,Center of gravity ,Trivial solution ,lcsh:Mathematics ,Mathematical analysis ,center of gravity ,critical cases ,General Medicine ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper we study the conditions under which the zero solution iscenter of Gravity in the semi-liner case for certain third order differential equation of the form: We have: The characteristic equation of the above differential equation has complex roots of the form : , and the other root has the following property .
- Published
- 2013
20. Using Kernel Estimator and K-Mean Clustering Approach to Hand Gesture Recognition
- Author
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Ban Mitras and AAlA Mohammed
- Subjects
business.industry ,kernel estimator ,lcsh:Mathematics ,pattern recognition ,k-means clustering ,Estimator ,Pattern recognition ,General Medicine ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Gesture recognition ,Kernel (statistics) ,Artificial intelligence ,hand gesture ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,business ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper we used non parametric density estimator (Kernel Estimator) to estimate probability density function for Image data of Hand Gesture and warping Hand Gesture and we see the curve for Kernel Estimator and combine the curve between Kernel Estimator and normal Distribution. Programs written using the language Matlab (R2009a) .
- Published
- 2013
21. Parallel Programming for Solving Linear BVP’s by Linear Superposition using CS_Tools
- Author
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Firas M. Saeed and Bashir M. S. Khalaf
- Subjects
Superposition principle ,lcsh:Mathematics ,Applied mathematics ,General Medicine ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Mathematics - Abstract
The objective of this paper is to speed the solution of linear Boundary Value Problem (LPVPs) by parallel Programming by using cs_tools where the solution methods is the linear superposition Algorithm.
- Published
- 2013
22. The n-Hosoya Polynomial of 𝑊𝛼⊠ Cβ
- Author
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Ahmed Ali and Haveen J. Ahmed
- Subjects
Combinatorics ,wheel and cycle ,Polynomial ,lcsh:Mathematics ,General Medicine ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,n-distance ,n-wiener index ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Mathematics ,MathematicsofComputing_DISCRETEMATHEMATICS ,n-hosoya polynomial - Abstract
For a wheel and a cycle the composite graphs ⊠ is constructed from the union of and and adding the edges and , where is an edge of and is an edge of . The n – diameter , the n – Hosoya polynomial and the n – Wiener index of ⊠ are obtained in this paper.
- Published
- 2012
23. Romberg Algorithm to Solve a System of Nonlinear Fredholm Integral Equations of Second Kind
- Author
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Abbas Y. Al-Bayati, Kawa M. Aziz, and Rostam K. Saeed
- Subjects
lcsh:Mathematics ,Mathematical analysis ,General Medicine ,Fredholm integral equation ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,Integral equation ,Fredholm theory ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,system of nonlinear integral equations ,Nonlinear system ,symbols.namesake ,Romberg's method ,symbols ,romberg algorithm ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper, we use Romberg algorithm, to find an approximation solution for a system of nonlinear Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. A comparison between this approximations and exact solutions for four numerical examples are given, depending on the least-square error and running computer time. Our numerical results are obtained by MATLAB 7.0 program and for a system of rank 2×2, 3×3 on Personal Computer P4.
- Published
- 2012
24. Alternating Direction Implicit Method for Solving Parabolic Partial Differential Equations in Three Dimensions
- Author
-
Abdulghafor M. Al-Rozbayani and Mahmood H. Yahya
- Subjects
FTCS scheme ,lcsh:Mathematics ,Mathematical analysis ,First-order partial differential equation ,alternating direction explicit method ,von-neumann method ,General Medicine ,Exponential integrator ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,Parabolic partial differential equation ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Stochastic partial differential equation ,alternating direction implicit method ,parabolic partial differential equations in three dimensions ,Elliptic partial differential equation ,Method of characteristics ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,finite difference methods ,Numerical partial differential equations ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper, the parabolic partial differential equations in three-dimensions are solved by two types of finite differences, such as, Alternating Direction Explicit (ADE) method and Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) method. By the comparison of the numerical results for the previous two methods with the Exact solution, we observe that the results of Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) method is better and nearest to the exact solution compared with the results of Alternating Direction Explicit (ADE) method. we also studied the numerical stability of both methods by Von-Neumann Method.
- Published
- 2012
25. Numerical Solution of a Reaction-Diffusion System with Fast Reversible Reaction by Using Adomian’s Decomposition Method and He’s Variational Iteration Method
- Author
-
Ann J. Al-Sawoor and Mohammed O. Al-Amr
- Subjects
lcsh:Mathematics ,Mathematical analysis ,General Medicine ,reaction-diffusion system ,fast reversible reaction ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,Reversible reaction ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,symbols.namesake ,Variational iteration method ,Lagrange multiplier ,Reaction–diffusion system ,symbols ,Decomposition method (queueing theory) ,variational iteration method ,adomian decomposition method ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,Adomian decomposition method ,Approximate solution ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper, the approximate solution of a reaction-diffusion system with fast reversible reaction is obtained by using Adomian decomposition method (ADM) and variational iteration method (VIM) which are two powerful methods that were recently developed. The VIM requires the evaluation of the Lagrange multiplier, whereas ADM requires the evaluation of the Adomian polynomials. The behavior of the approximate solutions and the effects of different values of t are shown graphically.
- Published
- 2012
26. The Detour Polynomials of Ladder Graphs
- Author
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Gashaw A. Mohammed-Saleh and Ali A. Ali
- Subjects
Discrete mathematics ,Polynomial ,ladder graphs ,lcsh:Mathematics ,General Medicine ,Computer Science::Social and Information Networks ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Combinatorics ,Path (graph theory) ,detour distance ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,detour polynomials ,Connectivity ,Mathematics ,detour index - Abstract
The detour distance between two distinct vertices and of a connected graph is the length of a longest path in. The detour index of is defined by, and the detour polynomial of is . The detour indices and detour polynomials of some ladder graphs are obtained in this paper.
- Published
- 2012
27. On Simple GP – Injective Modules
- Author
-
Mohammed Youns and Najlaa Jassim
- Subjects
Pure mathematics ,Mathematics::Commutative Algebra ,modules ,n duo ring ,nci ring ,lcsh:Mathematics ,General Medicine ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,Injective function ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,weak regular rings ,Simple (abstract algebra) ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper, we study rings whose simple right R-module are GP-injective. We prove that ring whose simple right R-module is GP-injective it will be right -weakly regular ring. Also, proved that if R is N duo ring or R is NCI ring whose simple right R-module is GP-injective is S-weakly regular ring.
- Published
- 2012
28. Using Δ - Discriminate Method to Determine the Stability and Bifurcation of Chen Chaotic System
- Author
-
Karam Abed and Saad Fawzi AL-Azzawi
- Subjects
biology ,lcsh:Mathematics ,Chaotic ,routh-hurwitz ,General Medicine ,stability ,biology.organism_classification ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,Stability (probability) ,discriminate ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Chen ,Control theory ,bifurcation ,Applied mathematics ,chen system ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,Bifurcation ,Mathematics - Abstract
The aim of this paper to found that the stability and bifurcation of Chen System by using a new method which called - discriminate method as will as we found the stability at the second critical point by another method, and we showed that the new method depended on the roots to determent the stability and bifurcation of this system while the previous methods depended on the parameters , also we showed the method which used to find the stability at the second critical point depended on the critical value and parameter . Finally, we get the same previous results but easily method.
- Published
- 2011
29. New Variable Metric Algorithm by The Mean of 2nd Order Quasi-Newton Condition
- Author
-
Runak M. Abdullah and Abbas Y. Al-Bayati
- Subjects
Rank (linear algebra) ,lcsh:Mathematics ,Work (physics) ,inexact line search ,General Medicine ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Nonlinear optimization problem ,Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno algorithm ,Metric (mathematics) ,Order (group theory) ,unconstrained optimization ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,Algorithm ,quasi-newton condition ,Mathematics ,Variable (mathematics) - Abstract
In this paper a new class of Quasi-Newton update for solving unconstrained nonlinear optimization problem is proposed. In this work we suggested a new formula for the variable metric update with a new quasi-Newton condition used for the symmetric rank two formula. Finally, a numerical study is reported in which the performance of this new algorithm is compared to that of various members of the unmodified family. Numerical experiments indicate that this new algorithm is effective and superior to the standard BFGS and DFP algorithms, with respect to the number of functions evaluations (NOF) and number of iterations (NOI).
- Published
- 2011
30. On the Basis Number of Some Special Graphs for Mycielski’s Graph
- Author
-
Raghad A. Mustafa and Ghassan T. Marougi
- Subjects
Combinatorics ,lcsh:Mathematics ,basis number ,General Medicine ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,Graph ,cycle space ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Mathematics - Abstract
The basis number b(G) ,of a graph G is defined to be the least positive integer k such that G has a k-fold basis for it’s cycle space. In this research paper,we have studied the basis number of some special graphs for Mycielski’s graph .It is proved that
- Published
- 2011
31. Studying the Stability of one of Non-Linear Autoregressive Models with Application
- Author
-
Raadi Alhamdan and Abdulghafoor Salim
- Subjects
Nonlinear system ,Statistics::Theory ,Autoregressive model ,lcsh:Mathematics ,Applied mathematics ,General Medicine ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,stability ,non-linear autoregressve ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,Stability (probability) ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Mathematics - Abstract
In This paper we suggest one of the models for non-linear Autoregressive by using local linear approximation method, then we studied the conditions of stationarity of the model specifically the conditions of stationarity the non-zero singular point of the model. And the conditions for stationarity to limit cycle stationarity. Conditions are applied in the aforementioned theories on data represent the monthly average wind speed in model of Baghdad city. The samples are classified by using one of non-linear Autoregressive model the findings are the value of non-zero fixed point and the conditions of suggested stationarity model .
- Published
- 2011
32. On N–Flat Rings
- Author
-
Raida D. Mahmood and Husam Q. Mohammad
- Subjects
Discrete mathematics ,Ring (mathematics) ,Mathematics::Commutative Algebra ,lcsh:Mathematics ,General Medicine ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Combinatorics ,n-flat rings ,Integer ,TheoryofComputation_ANALYSISOFALGORITHMSANDPROBLEMCOMPLEXITY ,Von Neumann regular ring ,Ideal (ring theory) ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,weakly continuous rings ,biregular rings ,Mathematics - Abstract
Let I be a right ideal of R, then R / I is a right N–flat if and only if for each a Î I, there exists b Î I and a positive integer n such that an ≠ 0 and an = ban. In this paper, we first give and develop various properties of right N-flat rings, by which, many of the known results are extended. Also, we study the relations between such rings and regular, p-biregular ring.
- Published
- 2011
33. The Extended CG Method for Non-Quadratic Models
- Author
-
Abbas Y. Al-Bayati, Basim A. Hassan, and Sawsan S. Ismael
- Subjects
Line search ,lcsh:Mathematics ,Cornacchia's algorithm ,General Medicine ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Quadratic equation ,a new conjugate gradient method ,Ramer–Douglas–Peucker algorithm ,Conjugate gradient method ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,Algorithm ,Mathematics ,numerical results and conclusions - Abstract
This paper investigates an interleaved algorithm which combines between the extended conjugate gradient with the hybrid method of Touati-Storey . This combined algorithm is based on the exact line search to solve a number of non-linear test functions with different dimensions. Experimental results indicate that the modified algorithm is more efficient than the original Sloboda algorithm.
- Published
- 2011
34. Existence, Uniqueness and Stability Theorems for Certain Functional Fractional Initial Value Problem
- Author
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Shayma Adil Murad and Joseph G. Abulahad
- Subjects
riemann liouville fractional derivative ,lcsh:Mathematics ,Mathematical analysis ,General Medicine ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,Stability (probability) ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Fractional calculus ,fractional differential equation ,Applied mathematics ,Initial value problem ,Uniqueness ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,Fractional differential ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper, we deal with non-linear functional fractional differential equation with initial condition in space. We will study the existence, uniqueness and stability of the solution of fractional differential equation.
- Published
- 2011
35. Existence Results of Fractional Mixed Volterra -Fredholm Integrodifferential Equations with Integral Boundary Conditions
- Author
-
Rabeea Hani and Sohaib Hasan
- Subjects
integral boundary conditions ,lcsh:Mathematics ,Mathematical analysis ,volterra -fredholm equation ,General Medicine ,Boundary value problem ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Mathematics ,banach contraction principle - Abstract
In this paper, we give an existence results for the fractional mixed Volterra -Fredholm integrodifferential equation with Integral Boundary Conditions. First, we use the Banach contraction principle to prove the existence and the uniqueness of the solution for the boundary value problem. Second, we study the existence of the solutions for the boundary value problem. using Krasnoselskii’s fixed point theorem.
- Published
- 2011
36. New Construction and New Error Bounds for (0, 2, 4) Lacunary Interpolation By Six Degree Spline
- Author
-
Ridha G. Karem and Karwan H. F. Jwamer
- Subjects
Spline (mathematics) ,Computer Science::Graphics ,lcsh:Mathematics ,modulus of continuity ,Applied mathematics ,General Medicine ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,Lacunary function ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,spline interpolations ,lacunary interpolation ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Mathematics - Abstract
The object of this paper obtains the existence, uniqueness and upper bounds for errors of six degree splines interpolating the lacunary data (0, 2, 4). We also show that the changes of the boundary conditions and the class of spline functions has a main role in minimizing the upper bounds for error in lacunary interpolation problem. For this reason, in the construction of our spline function which interpolates the lacunary data (0, 2, 4). We changed the boundary condition and the class of spline functions which are given by [4] from first derivative to third derivative and the class of spline function from to .
- Published
- 2011
37. The Effects of Correlated Data and Correction Procedures for F-Test in Unbalanced Two Way Model
- Author
-
Ivan S. Kababchi
- Subjects
Independent and identically distributed random variables ,analysis of variance ,Covariance matrix ,distributed normal ,lcsh:Mathematics ,independence ,Experimental Unit ,General Medicine ,Variance (accounting) ,Covariance ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,F-test ,f-test ,correlation ,Statistics ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,Independence (probability theory) ,Mathematics ,Statistical hypothesis testing - Abstract
Independence of observations is one of the standard assumption in analysis of Variance (ANOVA) table. Where the error terms in the model are independent, identically distributed normal variables with null means and homogeneous variances. In this paper investigate the effect of dependence of observations in ANOVA for unbalanced 2-way nested fixed model and developing a method for adjusting it. When the error terms are correlated and focus on the effects of departures from independence assumptions on hypothesis testing by determining the expect mean squares for errors as well as treatments for this model and correcting the F statistics for testing the factor effect. The model considered is one in which all measurements have same variance, and the covariance matrix enjoy a structure defined as follows: every pair of measurements comes from: i) The same experimental observation and the same experimental unit; ii) Different experimental observation, but in the same experimental unit; ii) Different experimental unit; has covariance and respectively.
- Published
- 2010
38. Numerical Solution for Sine-Gordon System in One Dimension
- Author
-
Haneen Jassim and Saad Manna
- Subjects
lcsh:Mathematics ,Mathematical analysis ,Nuclear Theory ,General Medicine ,stability analysis ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Dimension (vector space) ,explicit method ,fourier(von-neumann) method ,Sine ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,finite difference methods ,crank-nicholson method ,sine-gordon system ,Mathematics - Abstract
This paper has studied the numerical solution for Sine-Gordon system in one dimensions using finite difference methods. We have used Explicit method and Crank-Nicholson method.A comparison between results of the two methods has been done and we obtained that Crank-Nicholson method is more accurate than the Explicit method but the Explicit method is easer . We also studied the stability analysis for each method by using Fourier(Von-Neumann) method and obtained that Crank-Nicholson method is unconditionally stable while the Explicit method is stable under the condition and .
- Published
- 2010
39. Some Results in the Theory of Fractional Order Integro-Differential Equation with Boundary Conditions
- Author
-
Azzam Younes
- Subjects
integro-differential equation ,lcsh:Mathematics ,General Medicine ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,fractional order ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Integro-differential equation ,boundary conditions ,Applied mathematics ,Order (group theory) ,Boundary value problem ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,Mathematics ,riemann-liouville fractional differential operator - Abstract
This paper deals with the existence and uniqueness of the solution for a boundary value problem of fractional order integro-differential equation, when using Banach fixed point theorem and Shafer’s fixed point theorem. This investigation based on the well known Riemann-Liouville fractional differential operator.
- Published
- 2010
40. Despeckling of SAR Imagery Using Contourlet Transform in A Homomorphic Framework
- Author
-
Hala N. Fathee
- Subjects
business.industry ,lcsh:Mathematics ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,homomorphic framwork ,Top-hat transform ,Speckle noise ,Pattern recognition ,General Medicine ,Function (mathematics) ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,Contourlet ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Image (mathematics) ,Noise ,sar images ,de-speckling ,Computer Science::Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Multiplication ,Computer vision ,contourlet transform ,Artificial intelligence ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,business ,Image restoration ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper, a homomorphic framework is used for the enhancement and retrieval of speckled image. The log function at the starting of the structure is used to transform the speckled image (with multiplication noise) to a noisy image (with additive noise). This image is then applied to classical contourlet transform to decompose the noisy image into approximation and details. To retrieve the image without speckle noise, some suitable threshold level is chosen. In the reconstruction part, inverse contourlet transform is performed with an exponential function to compensate for the log one. The proposed technique is compared with other techniques. The result of comparison reflects the proposed technique superiority.
- Published
- 2010
41. A New hybrid generalized CG- method for non-linear functions
- Author
-
Hamsa Th. Chilmerane and Abbas Y. Al-Bayati
- Subjects
exact line search ,Mathematical optimization ,f/r ,lcsh:Mathematics ,MathematicsofComputing_NUMERICALANALYSIS ,Inverse ,inexact line search ,General Medicine ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Nonlinear system ,Quadratic equation ,Rate of convergence ,Conjugate gradient method ,Line (geometry) ,Test functions for optimization ,Order (group theory) ,Applied mathematics ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper a new extended generalized conjugate gradient algorithm is proposed for unconstrained optimization, which is considered as anew inverse hyperbolic model .In order to improve the rate of convergence of the new technique, a new hybrid technique between the standard F/R CG-method and Sloboda CG-method using quadratic and non- quadratic models is proposed by using exact and inexact line searches. This method is more efficient and robust when applied on number of well-known nonlinear test function.
- Published
- 2010
42. A Binary Integer Programming model for computing DNA Sequence Alignment
- Author
-
Nawar N. Qubat
- Subjects
Binary integer programming ,dynamic programming ,Sequence ,Theoretical computer science ,binary integer programming ,lcsh:Mathematics ,String (computer science) ,Sequence alignment ,General Medicine ,Linkage (mechanical) ,edit distance ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,Field (computer science) ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,law.invention ,Dynamic programming ,law ,Edit distance ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,dna sequence alignment ,Algorithm ,Mathematics - Abstract
DNA Sequence Alignment is an important problem in computational biology and is useful for comparing genomes and finding genes, for determining evolutionary linkage of different biological sequences. Dynamic Programming Problems is discussed and applied to solve this problem. This paper is concerned with computing DNA Sequence Alignment firstly by formulating a Binary Integer Programming model to compute the string sequence in Edit Distance Problem then re-formulating this model to be suitable to compute this alignment. By this model we gave a good role for Operations Researches field to prove it's efficient to solve problems of molecule of life. The suggested model is applied to solve an example in Edit Distance Problem then used again after re-formulating it for an example in DNA Sequence Alignment Problem.
- Published
- 2010
43. Solution of Eighth Order Boundary Value Problems Using Differential Transformation Technique
- Author
-
Merna Samarchi
- Subjects
analytical solution ,Order (business) ,Differential transformation ,boundary value problems ,lcsh:Mathematics ,differential transform method ,Applied mathematics ,General Medicine ,Boundary value problem ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper we have applied the Differential Transform Method (DTM) for solving eighth-order boundary value problems. The analytical and numerical results of the equations have been obtained in terms of convergent series with the easily computable components. Three examples are considered for the numerical illustrate and implementation of this method. Numerical Comparisons with respect to the analytical solutions have been considered . It is observed that the method is an alternative and efficient for finding the approximate solutions of the boundary values problems.
- Published
- 2010
44. Stability Analysis of Unified Chaotic System
- Author
-
Saad Fawzi AL-Azzawi
- Subjects
lcsh:Mathematics ,Chaotic ,routh-hurwitz ,General Medicine ,stability ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,Stability (probability) ,lorenz family ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Nonlinear Sciences::Chaotic Dynamics ,Control theory ,unified chaotic system ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,Mathematics - Abstract
The aim of this paper is to find the stability of unified chaotic system through studying different systems. The unified chaotic system is divided into three systems by depending on the values of , when , the unified chaotic system becomes Lorenz system; when; it becomes L system, when ; the unified chaotic system becomes Chen system. Investigations the stability analysis of these systems leads to the stability of the unified chaotic system.
- Published
- 2009
45. New low storage VM-algorithm for constrained optimization
- Author
-
Hamsa Th. Chilmerane and Abbas Y. Al-Bayati
- Subjects
Mathematical optimization ,lcsh:Mathematics ,Feasible region ,Constrained optimization ,low storage ,General Medicine ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Term (time) ,Conjugate gradient method ,Penalty method ,sumt ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,constrained ,Algorithm ,Interior point method ,Barrier function ,Variable (mathematics) ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper a new low-storage VM-algorithm for constrained optimization is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The new algorithm is based on both the well-known Fletcher's low storage algorithm which generates columns Z spanned on the gradient vectors g 1, g 2, ... g n and the idea of both Buckley and LeNir of combined variable storage- conjugate gradient method. The well-known SUMT algorithm is adapted to implement the new idea. The new algorithm is very robust compared with the standard low-storage Fletcher algorithm and the standard SUMT algorithm which was designed for solving constrained problems, of the numerical results of application very promising . 1. Interior point method (Barrier function): In the interior penalty function method, the Barrier term is defined to keep the solution from leaving the feasible region. It is impossible to directly handle equality constraints in this method. Thus the original problem for this method is defined as follows
- Published
- 2009
46. The n-Wiener Polynomials of Straight Hexagonal Chains and Kt×Cr
- Author
-
Haveen G. Ahmed and Ali A. Ali
- Subjects
Discrete mathematics ,Hexagonal crystal system ,lcsh:Mathematics ,Complete graph ,General Medicine ,Cartesian product ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Combinatorics ,symbols.namesake ,hexagonal chains ,Mathematics::Probability ,symbols ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,n-wiener polynomials ,n-distance ,n-diameter ,n-wiener index ,Mathematics - Abstract
The n-Wiener polynomials of straight hexagonal chains and the Cartesian product of a complete graph Kr and a cycle Cr are obtained in this paper. The n-diameter and the n-Wiener index of each such graphs are also determined.
- Published
- 2009
47. Comparison between the Heun's and Haar Wavelet Methods for solution Differential-Algebraic Equations (DAEs)
- Author
-
Ahmed F. Qasem and Abdulghafor M. Amin
- Subjects
haar wavelet method ,lcsh:Mathematics ,Mathematical analysis ,MathematicsofComputing_NUMERICALANALYSIS ,General Medicine ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,Haar wavelet ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,differential-algebraic equation ,Heun's method ,Exact solutions in general relativity ,heun's method ,ComputingMethodologies_SYMBOLICANDALGEBRAICMANIPULATION ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,Differential algebraic equation ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper, We solved the system of differential-algebraic equation (DAEs) of index one numerically with Heun's method and operational matrices of Haar wavelet method, When we compared the results of the two methods with the exact solution, show that the operational matrices of Haar wavelet method is more efficiency and it's numerical results near to the exact solution more than the Heun's method, and the solution accuracy of this method is increasing and the error decreases when the number of mesh points and size of matrices increase.
- Published
- 2009
48. On Idempotent Elements
- Author
-
Nazar H. Shuker and Alaa Hammodat
- Subjects
Ring (mathematics) ,Pure mathematics ,nilpotent elements ,idempotent elements ,lcsh:Mathematics ,Mathematics::Rings and Algebras ,General Medicine ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Nilpotent ,Integer ,Idempotence ,Idempotent element ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,Idempotent matrix ,rings ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper we study idempotent elements, we give some new properties of idempotent elements and provide some exam we also study central idempotent elements and orthogonal idempotent elements and give some new properties of such idempotent. Finally we study special ring which satisfies the property 1 + = n n x x for all x in R and n is a positive integer, we represent such ring in termes of idempotent and nilpotent elements.
- Published
- 2009
49. PILP-rings and fuzzy ideals
- Author
-
Raida D. Mahmood
- Subjects
fuzzy ideal ,Ring (mathematics) ,Mathematics::Commutative Algebra ,Mathematics::General Mathematics ,lcsh:Mathematics ,Principal (computer security) ,pure ideal ,General Medicine ,Fuzzy subalgebra ,Characterization (mathematics) ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,Fuzzy logic ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Algebra ,Fractional ideal ,duo ring ,Ideal (ring theory) ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper, we study rings whose principal right ideals are left pure. Also we shall introduce the concept of a fuzzy bi-ideal in a ring, and give some properties of such fuzzy ideals. We also give a characterization of whose principal right ideal are left pure, fuzzy duo ring in terms of fuzzy deals.
- Published
- 2009
50. On New Conjugate Pair Method
- Author
-
Abbas Y. Al-Bayati, Baan Ahmed, and Nidhal Al-Assady
- Subjects
Biconjugate gradient method ,Mathematical optimization ,Line search ,lcsh:Mathematics ,MathematicsofComputing_NUMERICALANALYSIS ,General Medicine ,Derivation of the conjugate gradient method ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,conjugate pair method ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Nonlinear conjugate gradient method ,Nonlinear system ,Conjugate gradient method ,conjugate gradient method ,Conjugate residual method ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,Algorithm ,Conjugate ,Mathematics - Abstract
This paper involves the combination between the conjugate pair and hybrid conjugate gradient methods. The new combined algorithm is based on exact line search and it is examined by using different nonlinear test functions in various dimensions. Experimental results indicate that the updated algorithm is more effective than of the two original algorithms.
- Published
- 2009
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