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In this work, the utilization of waste paper in the preparation of cellulous-based composite is described, with latex as a binder. Paraffin wax and acrylic woven fibers were also used at various weight ratios to get the best mechanical and physical properties. The results were compared with the performance the Dixon, regularly used material in shoes manufacturing. The following tests were performed: compression resistance, density, water absorption, shrinkage, and moisture content. Manual method was employed in the preparation of test specimens in addition to laboratory forging machine for finishing of the specimens. Results of compression test (Modulus of elasticity, compressive strength, resistance to crushing) of the Specimens that contain pulp paper and reinforced with latex and acrylic fibers and low content of paraffin wax showed the highest resistance to compression, The increase of additives contents within the mix resulted in an increase in density. To mimic the real application conditions of the insole, the specimens were subjected to water absorption test by irrigation for 2 hours. The best specimen compositions for the water resistance test are those with high (5-10%) wax content due to the fact that the wax is a water repellent material. The shrinkage is another important parameter for the use of the composite in shoe industry. Result of shrinkage and humidity of all specimens show comparable results to commercially available and Dixon are also very close to the requirements of the specification of leather industry. However, in comparison with the available carton and dixon, our specimens contain from weight fraction (50g) waste pulp, (20g) latex, (4g) paraffin wax, (0.7g) acrylic fibers, proved comparable performance.

Grid computing provides high computing power, enormous data storage, and collaboration possibilities to its users. Grid computing is currently in the midst of evolving standards, inheriting and customizing from those developed in the high performance, distributed, and recently from the Web services community. Grid computing is widely regarded as a technology of immense potential in both industry and academia. Which this interest, security become necessery to provide authentication, authorization, resource protection, secure communication, data integrity, trust management and network security. This paper tells about progression of the security system on grid computing by conducting a survey of existing paper and applications have been developed.

It addressed the problem of the research is marked: (works of art paper composition and maintenance) study in the methods used in the manufacture and maintenance of paperwork. The research came in four chapters: care of the first chapter methodological framework for the search represented by the problem of search, where actions and performance mechanisms that relate to the perpetuation of artwork paper selection, a lot of scientific and technical data, as well as tools and methods, materials and vehicles diverse chemical origins and physical, as well as animal and plant, have reinforced this data from the scientific nature of the perpetuation of these works of art and preserved both by composition and the nature of the materials Turkpt to Assanatha. From here the problem of current research was originated by answering the following question: - What are the procedures that have been adopted in the paper and cardboard and ways to maintain and sustain the diversity of formations with the industry?. - The importance of research has been presented and the goal Find out about ways the paper industry and how the perpetuation and preservation of the work of art paper. But the limits of the research focused on the study of the technical means used in the paper industry and how to maintain., In terms of scientific procedures and equipment used and the technical means, materials and chemical compounds and physical, have been chosen damaged business group, for the duration of) 1966 - 2005) m, of Iraqi and Egyptian art. The second chapter of the framework theoretical, it has contained the Study of one intake section concept paper industry historically down to modern methods and then the most important materials used offered in the process of making paper and cardboard and then classes used by artists and media and then offered the paper maintenance of roads. The third chapter singled out by the rules and operations research in the form maintenance and restoration of the Fine Artwork affected (1) model and then the sample analysis.

A superhydrophobic aerogel has been utilized as adsorbed the Crude oil leaked during transport in the waters of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, and determine the capacity absorbing of the aerogel powder for crude oil. This technique is very important to get rid of environmental pollution caused by the leakage of crude oil in water, which in turn cause the death of fish, this application is an important economic wealth in the country, preliminary tests on Tigris and Euphrates rivers mixed with the crude oil, by using the aerogel in powder form to clean the water from crude oil, the study depended on two parameters are surface area and contact angle. We found that the increasing on surface area lead to increasing on the capacity of adsorbing the crude oil from water, also this result with contact angle.

The utilize of the web has made humans and companies powerless to exterior assaults. Indeed, cyber problems essentially influence information frameworks with distinctive types of malicious attacks such as spyware, virus, social engineering, etc. The Internet e-mail service, in particular, has become one of the most dependable methods of communication among people, institutions, and companies. The development of digital signatures to e-mail services has raised the e-mail security, which led to replacing the standard mailing of registered letters. Unfortunately, the process of sending and receiving e-mails has created a negative impact means on security and privacy from cybercriminals by diffusing spam and malware. As a result, e-mail hosts are constantly under attack by malicious programs that are often attached to e-mails. In this paper, the simulation model and prototype of an email traffic monitor developed and tested in order to prove the ability of our proposed method for detecting new viruses. This paper states the success possibility of this new method based on the simulation results. The results of the analysis suggest that the Cyber Security Modeling Language (CySeMoL) model has a good performance of operating system vulnerability prediction. At last, some useful suggestions in the context of the CySeMoL model are presented.

Due to the rapid evaluation in the field of communications and multimedia and the increasing use of the Internet, multimedia data security has become very urgent. of the best alternative way to achieve multimedia data security is encryption, which prevents unauthorized entities from accessing confidential data. In recent years, the chaotic system of image encryption becomes an efficient way to encrypt images due to its high security. It has certain special properties like sensitivity to initial conditions, and control parameters, pseudorandom, ergodicity, and non-convergence, etc. chaotic dynamics systems became a promising alternative to traditional encryption algorithms. In this paper, This paper presents a new algorithm for the image encryption/decryption scheme depended on a novel six-dimensional hyper-chaotic system to achieve a high level of security, the chaotic sequence generated from system employ for permutation and diffusion the original image to create an encrypted image. The performance of the algorithm has been analyzed through analyzes statistical such as Histogram Analysis, Correlation Coefficient Analysis, Information Entropy Analysis, Key Space Analysis, Key Sensitivity Analysis, Number of Pixels Change Rate (NPCR), Unified Average Changing Intensity (UACI), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio, The experimental results show that the algorithm has good encryption performance, large keyspace equals to and the high sensitivity for small changes in secret key which makes the algorithm immune to Brute force attacks, and it can resist the statistical attacks, therefore, the presented encryption algorithm depends on a novel hyperchaotic system is more secure against the statistical and differential attacks.

The process of detect the text from the natural image is complex and difficult process because the variance by the devises that take the images and different the texts that found in images in the orientation, size and style. Given the importance the texts in images in the several of application of computer vision. In this paper dependent on the spatial natural images and on the spatial data set for the street sign that include the texts by the different size and different orientation. In this paper detected the texts in images by using robust method by using several algorithms, at the first stage making preprocessing for the image to blur the image and reduce the nose on it by Gaussian blur, second stage making processing that include canny edge detection to detect the edges and dilation, third stage applying connected component to filling all objects in image then applying stroke width transform(SWT) to detect the letter candidate and applying the system on the several images that include different types of texts.

In this paper, the fire color feature is analysis and test on a set of color spaces (RGB, HSV, YCbCr, Lab, Yiq) to account the hue component and determination the best color space to represent the properties of fire and used in fire detection to increase accuracy and reduce the detection time and false alarms,four common types of fire (wood, cork, cloth, paper or cardboard ) were used to compare them with an image containing all the basic colors and analyze them and calculating Scale factor that depending on the histogram for hues value

This paper deals with defining Burr-XII, and how to obtain its p.d.f., and CDF, since this distribution is one of failure distribution which is compound distribution from two failure models which are Gamma model and weibull model. Some equipment may have many important parts and the probability distributions representing which may be of different types, so found that Burr by its different compound formulas is the best model to be studied, and estimated its parameter to compute the mean time to failure rate. Here Burr-XII rather than other models is consider because it is used to model a wide variety of phenomena including crop prices, household income, option market price distributions, risk and travel time. It has two shape-parameters (α, r) and one scale parameter (λ) which is considered known. So, this paper defines the p.d.f. and CDF and derives its Moments formula about origin, and also derive the Moments estimators of two shapes parameters (α, r) in addition to maximum likelihood estimators as well as percentile estimators, the scale parameter (λ) is not estimated (as it is considered known). The comparison between three methods is done through simulation procedure taking different sample size (n=30, 60, 90) and different sets of initial values for (α, r, λ).It is observed that the moment estimators are the best estimator with percentage (46%) ,(42%) respectively compared with other estimators.

Sequence covering array (SCA) generation is an active research area in recent years. Unlike the sequence-less covering arrays (CA), the order of sequence varies in the test case generation process. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of the SCA strategies, earlier works reported that finding a minimal size of a test suite is considered as an NP-Hard problem. In addition, most of the existing strategies for SCA generation have a high order of complexity due to the generation of all combinatorial interactions by adopting one-test-at-a-time fashion. Reducing the complexity by adopting one-parameter- at-a-time for SCA generation is a challenging process. In addition, this reduction facilitates the supporting for a higher strength of coverage. Motivated by such challenge, this paper proposes a novel SCA strategy called Dynamic Event Order (DEO), in which the test case generation is done using one-parameter-at-a-time fashion. The details of the DEO are presented with a step-by-step example to demonstrate the behavior and show the correctness of the proposed strategy. In addition, this paper makes a comparison with existing computational strategies. The practical results demonstrate that the proposed DEO strategy outperforms the existing strategies in term of minimal test size in most cases. Moreover, the significance of the DEO increases as the number of sequences increases and/ or the strength of coverage increases. Furthermore, the proposed DEO strategy succeeds to generate SCAs up to t=7. Finally, the DEO strategy succeeds to find new upper bounds for SCA. In fact, the proposed strategy can act as a research vehicle for variants future implementation.

In this paper, we have investigated some of the most recent energy efficient routing protocols for wireless body area networks. This technology has seen advancements in recent times where wireless sensors are injected in the human body to sense and measure body parameters like temperature, heartbeat and glucose level. These tiny wireless sensors gather body data information and send it over a wireless network to the base station. The data measurements are examined by the doctor or physician and the suitable cure is suggested. The whole communication is done through routing protocols in a network environment. Routing protocol consumes energy while helping non-stop communication in a wireless environment. Because of the very tiny size, energy consumption matters a lot. We have focused on the protocols, which provide energy efficiency and improve network lifetime, through put and minimal path loss. We will be discussing some of the most recent energy efficient routing protocols in this paper; later their comparison with an appropriate table is presented. In addition, recent challenges, possible application and perspectives are discussed.

The security of video applications in mobile devices has become recently an important field research. Dealing with video data, which is large compared to text and image and processing it in the mobile platform is a big challenge. Generally, the efficiency of any video encryption algorithm is concerned with two criteria, the computational time required to process video data, and the memory usage according to the resources on the smartphone. The secured system in 3G devices has become a matter of importance. This paper presents an implementation of full video encryption using Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) on a mobile device. The operations on ECC include doubling and addition on the finite field as the backbone for an elliptic curve. Also, mapping representation is introduced to convert every byte of plain video into a point on EC. The paper proposed multi-keys instead of using one key as usual. Also, Chaotic Key Generator (CKG) is exploited for the randomness of the multi-keys. The proposed work focuses on increasing the security with multi-keys and to get acceptable time for encryption and decryption in a limited environment like mobile. The system is implemented using Android Studio with version (3.0) and using java language, it is implemented on Android version 7.0 (Nougat) and on mobile Galaxy S8.

In this paper, we introduce and study preprocessing signal for speech emotion recognition. The aim of our work is to get pure signal which is created by sampling the signal from speaker. The discrimination between speech and music waves was achieved. A good signal is obtained by using preprocessing then it used for feature extraction. The files we used in this paper are wave-type for male, female and music have sample rate 48000, bit resolution is 16-bits and Mono channel. The Berlin dataset and RAVDESS dataset are used in this work.

One of the concerns of adopting an e-voting systems in the pooling place of any critical elections is the possibility of compromising the voting machine by a malicious piece of code, which could change the votes cast systematically. To address this issue, different techniques have been proposed such as the use of vote verification techniques and the anonymous ballot techniques, e.g., Code Voting. Verifiability may help to detect such attack, while the Code Voting assists to reduce the possibility of attack occurrence. In this paper, a new code voting technique is proposed, implemented and tested, with the aid of an open source voting. The anonymous ballot improved accordingly the paper audit trail used in this machine. The developed system, which we called CVOTING, further demonstrated the efficacy of the Code Voting technique against systematic vote change attacks and provides some features to make it easily configurable for different elections and elections in countries with right-to-left and up-to-down languages.

The aim of the present paper is to explore the essential nature of synecdoche as one of the figures of speech in English and Arabic. In synecdoche , a word denotes a meaning different from its literal one . The study deals with the problem of how to understand this different meaning and how to discover the relation between it and the literal meaning of the word being used. In this study, it can be hypothesized that there are similarities and differences of synecdoche between English and Arabic. The present paper has shown some conclusions , the most important of which is that the concept of synecdoche is the same in English as well as Arabic. Synecdoche means understanding something from something else through a relation between them. Moreover, with regard to relations , types and functions of synecdoche , there are similarities and differences of synecdoche between English and Arabic. These conclusions validate the hypothesis above . This study is divided into three main sections. The first main section which deals with ' synecdoche ' in English is further divided into three subsections. The first subsection deals with the concept of 'synecdoche '. The second subsection introduces the types of 'synecdoche ' . The third subsection is devoted to the rhetorical functions of ' synecdoche '. The second main section which is concerned with 'synecdoche 'in Arabic has also three subsections. The first subsection is concerned with the concept of 'synecdoche '. It is followed by a subsection on the types of 'synecdoche 'and another on the rhetorical functions of 'synecdoche '. In the third main section, the similarities and dissimilarities of 'synecdoche ' in both languages are illustrated. At last, the findings of the study are summed up in the conclusions.

This paper is an introduction intellectually and establish a new concept of the research is trying to formulate the basic vocabulary in light of the reality of contemporary and near-future global intellectual climate course. Near-Future architecture, trying to imitate human intellectually in their ability to decision-making and adaptation to environment and meet the functional and aesthetic requirements within the material body Structural. All this resembles the human body in its Biologic ability to perform its vital functions and adapts to the external environment and the employment of his body to control the mental awareness and perception and feel the external reality in all its complexity. This is a detailed link between the three scientific revolutions have led to the so-called civilization of the third wave. Therefore, the research will establish this paper intellectual base and the most important vocabulary of architecture in the light of these contemporary technical civilization and its future prospects of the nature of architecture a physical entity artificial intelligent conscious and able to adapt to different contexts around, and on the human service and meet different requirements .

The effect of traffic on flexible pavements can be expressed in terms of truck equivalence factors. This paper presents a study on the effect of uphill pavements on the damaging effect (truck equivalence factors) of two types of full-trailer trucks with tandem front axles. Axle load and geometrical characteristics survey on the two types of full-trailer trucks were carried out for determining the data needed in this study. In addition, uphill slope survey in Kerbala city was done and the data of uphill slope of other Iraqi cities were obtained from previous surveys. The paper reveals that the uphill pavement gradient causes significant increase in truck equivalence factors. In addition, the research reveals that there are many factors affecting the truck equivalence factors on uphill flexible pavements, including the total weight of full-trailer, H/B ratio (height of center of gravity to the wheel base of the truck), magnitude of uphill slope, and the structural number (SN).This work shows the importance of considering the effect of uphill slope in the design of flexible pavements on steep uphill slopes.

The present paper aims at investigating the role of interaction between stylistics and pragmatics, as two linguistic approaches, that play on the interpretation of literary texts. Stylistics is thought to be a multidisciplinary field that interacts with other linguistic fields and branches for the analysis of literary and non-literary texts. The language of dramatic texts is seen to be similar to that of everyday usage, therefore, pragmatic theories are used to interpret it. Stylistics applies these theories for stylistic effects. Consequently, the paper intends to examine the role which these two fields play in the analysis of literature and its importance

This paper presents a method to enhance the performance of Iraqi power distribution systems using an optimal system reconfiguration strategy. The objective of the proposed method is to minimize the active power losses and then improve the voltage profile with considering the current-carrying capacity of the system branches. In order to determine the optimal system configuration, a new optimization method, called selective water cycle optimization method, is also proposed in this paper. The proposed method is based on the traditional water cycle optimization method, but it is modified to consider the selective search space required in the reconfiguration problem. The proposed methods were evaluated and tested on an actual distribution system nominated by the Directorate of Electricity Distribution in Babylon/Iraq, based on repeated consumer complaints about the poor quality of the power supply.

This paper deals with the performance of modeling and implementation of Modulated Power Filter Compensator ( MPFC ) based on synchronous generator to enhance Electrical Power Quality (EPQ ) performance , rectification power factor , voltage fixity and decreasing transmission line losses for 300 km transmission line . In this paper (MPFC) sketch attendants for intelligent network stability and optimum exploitation. The proposal Flexible AC Transmission Systems ( FACTS) can be expanded to distributed renewable energy interface and exploitation systems and also will be easy to modify for voltage fixity, Achieve the required stability, perfect usage and Compensation requirements. MATLAB SIMLINK version R2009b were used as a model of (MPFC).

The increasing interest in making transportation environmentally, economically and socially sustainable, leads to raise a requirement for sustainable transportation indicators as a suitable planning tool. This paper proposed a set of standardized, measurable, quantifiable, understandable and sensitive indicators that be as a valuable framework for the evaluation of performance of sustainable transportation. Additionally, this paper developed a standardized set of sustainable transportation indicators based on local travel behavior and transportation demands then to provide recommendations for further research. Standardized sustainable transportation indicators set had been developed by using a conceptual model which consists of four interdependent steps. Eight standardized sustainable transportation indicators were developed. Eventually, the buildup this set of standardized sustainable transportation indicators will provide powerful tools for policy making to the transportation decision-makers.

In this paper we want to increase the data rate and to get larger transmission distance, therefore we use the Advanced modulation technique QDPASK in DWDM system with low channels space. In case of long transmission distance and multi channels system both giving rise to inter channel crosstalk induced by fiber nonlinearities as a result the use of advanced modulation technique becomes difficult. In this paper Quaternary differential phase amplitude shift keying (QDPASK) is designed for 32 dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) channels, therefore we proposed a new cascade compensation system consist of optical and digital back propagation techniques (ODBP) for compensate the linear and nonlinear effects . A performance of the system was reported using QDPASK DWDM fiber-optic system for various system parameters. The research is tested in VPI maker environment.

This search present trellis structures of linear block code capable of achieving high decoding speed while satisfying a constraint on the structural complexity of the trellis in terms of the maximum number of states at any particular depth. First we describe minimal trellis of linear block code that minimizes one or more measures of trellis complexity for the code. We identify the primitive structures that can appear in a minimal trellis , then we applied the sectionalized to trellis, where only uniform sectionalizations of the code trellis diagram are considered .Next, parallel and structurally identical subtrellises for a code without exceeding the maximum state complexity of the minimal trellis of the code is discussed. The complexity of decoder based on a sectionalized trellis diagram for a code is described. In This paper we describe how to apply SISO(soft input soft output) max-log-MAP decoder using parallel structure of sectionalized trellis for block code. The (8,4) and (16,5)RM (Reed Muller) code are included here because they offers parallel and structurally identical subtrellises without cross connections among them that will reduces the decoding complexity and improves decoding speed. This paper also gives simulation results for iterative decoding of parallel concatenated block code of these two codes over AWGN channel by using SISO max-log-MAP decoder based on parallel trellises structure.

The first chapter includes the formal frame for the search paper including its problem based on the following questions: how does perfect dimension become in making the artistic image for rounded sculptures of Greek gods? Do sculptures change in their shape because of the perfect philosophical facts? The importance of the search paper is clear in following up the Greek religious thought through the gods' sculptures, nature and worship practices. So the research contributes , to some extent, to provide a form about the Greek religion and nature. The research also clarifies the Greek philosophy, especially the perfect philosophy, and identify the philosophy effect on the concepts of beauty and art especially the gods' sculptures. It provides a cognitive achievement which contributes to educate searchers in history, art and beliefs because it has useful information about such topics. It contributes to make the students of the fine art college and institutes understand all these aspects. The search goal is identifying the perfect dimension in the rounded sculptures of Greek gods. The search limits are limited to the period extended between the fourth century and the first one B.C for the Greek State. It is identified in studying the perfect dimensions for the rounded sculptures of Greek gods. The second chapter of the research is about the theoretical frame which includes three topics. The first topic is about following up the perfect dimension in the Greek philosophy, the second one is about Greek perfection, religion and legends. The third topic is about the perfection in the Greek graving. The third chapter includes the search procedures like the sample (65) from the community, 6 templates are chosen purposely to be the sample of the current research. The researcher depends on the descriptive analytic topic that copes with the search nature and the indicators concluded from the theoretical frame of the research that are described as indicators. The last chapter includes the results as 1- the Greek gods are embodied in different shapes like human (masculine ) as in template number (2,3,4) and feminine as in template (4,5) and superstitiously as in template number (1). 2- the idealism in the rounded sculptures for Greek gods is embodied through the realistic embodiment for human shapes. The Greek sculptor makes a value for the human body (shapes) and tries to reach the genuine idealism by the divine perfection as in templates number (2,3,4,5,6). The researcher provides a number of conclusions like 1- the variety of the rounded sculptures for Greek gods. 2- the rounded sculptures for Greek gods have embodied a state of superstitious thinking that is close to the idealism image. This chapter is ended in recommendations that the researcher thinks that must be taken into consideration in the future. Recommendations are represented by 1- put the topic of idealism for the Greek in the subject of art history and must be supported by pictures 2- including the artistic topics for the Greek artistic templates and their effect on the next arts and eras. After the recommendations, the researcher suggests making a study about " the shape of the prominent graving of the Greek gods. The last thing is the references.

This paper deals with the linguistic phenomenon of slogans which is deep-rooted in the values, traditions, beliefs and conventions of any society. It investigates the slogans uttered by Imam Hussein Bin Ali Bin Abi Talib (Peace be upon them) in his revolution against the crookedness and deviations of the evil rule of Yazid or those uttered by his followers and adherents have been collected from Al-Qarashi (2011), Al-Yaasiry (2009), Al-Jaraadi (2010) and At-Tublaani (2012). The paper aims to investigate the linguistic features of slogans (on the phonological, lexical and syntactic levels) and show the macro-strategies used to achieve these religious slogans. The conclusions can be summarized as the following: The analysis has shown that Hosu and Pavelea’s model of slogans fits at the phonological and lexical levels but it lacks some devices on the syntactic level namely: negation, comparison and vocative. In the light of this, the researcher proposes a modified model to include these devices.

This paper studies the concept of visual diversity of modern residential facades . It defines as" a concept ,work to enhance the diversity and differences between elements and their relationships of residential facades, and It is a reflection of different interests and tastes that it represents". Therefore the research problem is that there is a gap about " the relationship between subjective and objective analysis of visual diversity." Research hypotheses is that " If the value of visual element entropy is high, than this element will have an effect on visual diversity of modern residential facade , and that there is a relationship between the visual diversity subjective and objective analysis." The aim of this paper is "to analyze the visual diversity objectively using entropy, comparing its results with the subjective analysis of modern residential facades. " The research found that the visual elements have contributed in the diversity of residential facades in a different ways. Colors and ornamentation has the higher effect in visual diversity, followed by windows forms , and another elements. Also the paper found that there is a relationship between objective and subjective analysis of visual diversity in residential facedes

This paper discusses a notion in psycho-pragmatics called "obsession". This notion is a specific kind of soliloquy, which is persistent preoccupation ideas or thoughts that tell a person to do something bad or shameful things, however normal soliloquy is a normal speech with oneself to express regret or happiness. It is proved that obsession is an actual speech acts. A comparison is made between obsession and soliloquy in order to distinguish between these two similar notions. By doing this comparison, the paper shows the difference between the normal soliloquy and obsession. Some examples are taken from Arabic, especially from the Holy Qura'an. When analyzing these examples, the paper explains that soliloquy and obsession meet the three levels of speech act. Some verses (Ayas) explain the obsessive speeches of Satan to Adam for example and the perlocutionary act of these verses. Other verses (Ayas) show that soliloquy is a speech act but the speaker speaks to himself to express his thoughts and feelings or to do some actions as the perlocutionary act of his speech.

This paper presents firstly a buck-boost circuit with the advantage that its output voltage polarity is the same as the input polarity. The circuit operation is presented and analyzed in different modes of operation. The well known parameters used in evaluation of DC/DC converters like Total Harmonic Distortion THD, Power Factor PF, and Ripple Factor RF have no meaning in DC/DC converters, so it is to introduce efficient concepts to permit a fair evaluation of the converter. This paper present other parameters that can be used to study the characteristics of the converter and gives a real and logic means of its operation. These main parameters are: pumping energy PE, storage energy SE, energy factor EF, and energy losses EL. In addition, the converter efficiency is not considered as 100 % as taken in most analyzing studies. The positive DC/DC buck-boost converter is evaluated according to the new concepts and the system model is deduced for different cases of operation taking into account the resistance of the circuit inductor. The circuit is implemented practically and the presented obtained results show the correct operation under different modes of operation. In addition the control design of the converter is built such that a PI controller with windup is considered. In order to test the effectiveness of the designed control algorithm, the system were exposed to different voltage reference values and the obtained results demonstrate that the system responses for all cases are very acceptable according to the criteria of the control system theory.

The crucial and repeating subject in reference to cultural setting is the possibility of the importance, structures connected with time, place, individual and conditions. This paper will examine Gage's Dictionary of Canadian English that comprised two different meanings for culture which are appropriate to our discussion. The former definition covers the usual classic studies i.e., formal culture and the latter refers to deep culture. The paper recommends a need for implicit knowledge of these elements and their relation to communication through language. The paper also discusses two types of cultural contexts that are crucial in multicultural communication, (1) the external context and (2) the internal context .The paper also examines three important issues that are vital for quality language learning (1) How far is the classroom a natural setting for both language and culture learning? (2) To what extent is the classroom a setting for both language and culture learning? (3) And how is second or foreign language learning viewed by the society, especially in the multicultural milieu?. The paper reports that a mere ritual of adding cultural component to a basic language course is not sufficient. It is the mutual fitting that counts which the paper attempts to improve language learning through cultural immersion in ELT classroom.

The dominant critical focus on Maya Angelou’s writings has been on the thematic features of her texts. Linguistic and stylistic appraisals on her works are generally sparse. This paper is a stylistic study of Maya Angelou’s autobiographical novel I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. It aims at examining the stylistic features of the text vis-à-vis the semantic Law of Transitivity so as to investigate the features that contribute in the discourse’s trespassing the sphere of informing to the sphere of interaction and influence. The paper starts with brief notes on stylistics in relation to semantics. This is followed by a discussion of the Law of Transitivity, frequent references are made to John R. Searle’s patterns of metaphor. The varied forms of the relations between the signified or the source (the vehicle) and the signifier or the target (the tenor) in relation to the sign (the common ground) are discussed in the light of the figurative devices employed by the author and the functions achieved in revealing the ideological issues of race and gender in the book. The study attempts also at positioning the formal and psychological elements within a sociocultural context in order to promote the reader’s understanding of the purposes and functions to which certain linguistic choices are made.

Eye Detection is used in many applications like pattern recognition, biometric, surveillance system and many other systems. In this paper, a new method is presented to detect and extract the overall shape of one eye from image depending on two principles Helmholtz & Gestalt. According to the principle of perception by Helmholz, any observed geometric shape is perceptually "meaningful" if its repetition number is very small in image with random distribution. To achieve this goal, Gestalt Principle states that humans see things either through grouping its similar elements or recognize patterns. In general, according to Gestalt Principle, humans see things through general description of these things. This paper utilizes these two principles to recognize and extract eye part from image. Java programming language and OpenCV library for image processing are used for this purpose. Good results are obtained from this proposed method, where 88.89% was obtained as a detection rate taking into account that the average execution time is about 0.23 in seconds.

The aim of this article is to introduce a new definition of domination number in graphs called hn-domination number denoted by . This paper presents some properties which show the concepts of connected and independent hn-domination. Furthermore, some bounds of these parameters are determined, specifically, the impact on hn-domination parameter is studied thoroughly in this paper when a graph is modified by deleting or adding a vertex or deleting an edge.

This paper estimates the sound and flow generated by a turbulent air flow in a duct from the knowledge of mean quantities (average velocity and sound pressure level).The sound excitation by fluid flow through duct can be used to predict fluid behavior. This behavior can be carried out by discovering the relation between sound excitation and fluid flow parameters like Reynolds number, Strouhal number and frequencies of turbulent fluid flow. However, the fluid flow container stability has to be taken in account simultaneously with fluid flow effect on sound generation and propagation. The experimental system used in this work is air flow through subsonic wind tunnel duct.The sound pressure levels of air flows through test section of subsonic wind tunnel (at three air flow velocities2.5, 7.3 and 12.5 m/s) respectively were carried out experimentally. The sound excitation or generation by air flow throughout the test section of subsonic wind tunnel without any obstruction can't be used to imagine the fluid behavior. To predict fluid flow properties,an infinite cylinder was immersed in order to obstruct the air flow and generate a new source of sound.This case is relevant to a wide range of engineering applications including aircraft landing gear, rail pantographs and automotive side-mirrors. Sound measurements have been taken in an anechoic room at Babylon University. ANSYS program software is used to simulate all experimental results.The experimental and theoretical data that were presented in this paper will give further insight into the underlying sound generation mechanism.In the presented work, the linkage between sound generation and CFD results using thepresented work results and ANSYS simulation results was done.The results discuss the effects of fluid flow parameters such as Reynolds and Strouhal numbers on the sound generation, propagation features and vice-versa. The results are compared with other researchers which give good agreements.

The method of converting color images from the RGB color system to grayscale images is a simple operation by using the fixed weights method of conversion, but using the same weights to restore the color of the same images is not an effective operation of all types of images because the grayscale image contains little information and it isn't worthy of conversion operation. The basic idea in this paper is to employ the mathematics equations which extracted from the grayscale image in conversion operation, this paper presents the method of coloring the grayscale image by using the weights derived from the characteristics of the grayscale image. Skewness, Mean and Standard deviation moments have been extracted from the features of grayscale images and its adoption the determine weights of the RGB color system. This method proved its success in coloring images compared to the traditional method adoption of fixed weights for coloring images because it relies on fixed weights for converting all grayscale images.

Reliability is the probability of performing the function of an item over a given period of time under the operating conditions encountered . A Fault tree analysis (FTA) is exceedingly used reliability guess tool for complex engineering systems. The classic fault tree analysis method, which contains (AND, OR) gates can efficacious build an analytical model to represent combinations of component failures that cause the failure of a system. In this paper, we analyze the fuzzy fault tree (FFT) to the qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis for the purpose of identifying the a minimal cut set and the statement of system failure through examples of complex systems (containing linking sequent and parallel). This paper includes reliability analysis as one of its basic tasks .

The major objective of this paper is pediment a new equation which can be used to obtain the total dissolved salts in the sand. This equation enables us to obtain the total dissolved salts by finding density of the watery solution resulting from dissolve any sample in distilled water. This equation shows very good results, so in this paper a new method is proposed to find the total dissolved salts by applying this equation which derived in this research without the need to use usual methods in finding those total dissolved salts. In this study, the proposed method uses the density variation between distilled water and the watery solution which is taken from the sand sample dissolved with distilled water. This proposed method will make the test of total dissolved salts more easily and quickly applied. The proposed method is equal or exceed in its reliability on other testing methods.

The traditional procedure of the secondary injection test includes splitting the secondary winding of current transformer from the test circuit. This work investigates whether the presence of the current transformer secondary winding inside the test circuit affects the accuracy of the test results or not. Matlab/Simulink has been used in this paper for modeling and simulating the tested circuit. Paper results show that the accuracy of the test is not affected when the secondary winding of current transformer presence inside the test circuit.

Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) classified as one of the most important classes of next generation networks that developed in recent years rapidly for vehicles and road transmissions. It can help in implementing a large set of applications related to vehicles, traffic light, traffic jam, drivers, passengers, ambulance, police, fire trucks and even pedestrians. Routing is the most prominent problem in the transmission of information in VANETs and there are many modes of dissemination: unicast, broadcast, multicast and geocast. In this paper, we will focus only on the multicast that is referring to a process of sending information from one node (called source vehicle) to a group of nodes that found in different locations (called destination vehicles). The purpose of this paper is to study the existing multicast routing protocols in VANET and produce good survey about them and determine the advantages and disadvantages of each one as well as classify them into different categories based on some effected parameters such as quality of service, vehicle trajectory and etc. After analyzing these routing protocols we concluded that there is persistent need to produce efficient multicast routing protocol in this network to decrease the resource consumption and improve the overall performance.

One of the concerns of adopting an e-voting systems in the pooling place of any critical elections is the possibility of compromising the voting machine by a malicious piece of code, which could change the votes cast systematically. To address this issue, different techniques have been proposed such as the use of vote verification techniques and the anonymous ballot techniques, e.g., Code Voting. Verifiability may help to detect such attack, while the Code Voting assists to reduce the possibility of attack occurrence. In this paper, a new code voting technique is proposed, implemented and tested, with the aid of an open source voting. The anonymous ballot improved accordingly the paper audit trail used in this machine. The developed system, which we called CVOTING, further demonstrated the efficacy of the Code Voting technique against systematic vote change attacks and provides some features to make it easily configurable for different elections and elections in countries with right-to-left and up-to-down languages.

Cellular Manufacturing (CM) is a developed manufacturing philosophy that operates based on the principles of Groups Technology (GT) concept. It used to improve the quality and increase the productivity. Through CM, parts are grouped into families in view of their similarities in design /and or manufacturing features. Then again, machines likewise are gathered into cells to satisfy all the required processes on the families of parts. The integration was done with exam the manufacturing system, for example, job shop before applying the CM. Therefore, in the current paper an attempt was carried out firstly, to evaluate the presented production data, then to integrate the results of this step with the results of the next step, Cell Formation (CF) to acquire an effective CM system. In the evaluation part of the present paper, some hierarchical procedures were applied while in the design (cell formation) section, one of the well- known array based clustering method was utilized, this method known as Rank Order Clustering (ROC) and used to shape cells of machines and families of parts. However, some notable measures were utilized to assess the performance of the proposed CM, these measures are: grouping efficiency GE, grouping efficacy GC, voids, exceptional elements EE, percent of exceptional elements PE and machine utilization MU. To validate this work, three data sets (matrices) were chosen from the open literature. The strategy that followed lead to get a powerful CM solution. The outcomes demonstrated a missing of EE, increasing GE, GC, MU to 92%, 84%, 84% respectively.

This paper investigates the properties and applications of Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS). FHSS is radio communication technique by which the sender of information sends the data on a radio channel, which changes the frequency of transmission based on a predetermined sequence of code. The FHSS has many advantages over traditional modulation methods, it can overcome fading, multipath channels and interferences. Hence the interception becomes difficult. This security feature makes FHSS more preferable for military applications. At the receiver side, the signal is demodulated by the same carrier signal for which frequency changes by the same code sequences used by the sender. This paper presents two types of FHSS, slow and fast. The simulation procedures of both types were implemented and applied on Frequency Hopping /Binary Phase Shift Keying (FH/BPSK) spread spectrum system using MATLAB. The simulation sequences for fast and slow frequency hopping is the same in number and frequencies of spreading carriers and both used BPSK traditional modulation type. The comparison results based on their power spectral density show that the fast frequency hopping is more resistive to noise the slow one.

Keeping the fineness of data is the most significant thing in communication.There are many factors that affect the accuracy of the data when it is transmitted over the communication channel such as noise etc. to overcome these effects are encoding channels encryption.In this paper is used for one type of channel coding is convolutional codes. Convolution encoding is a Forward Error Correction (FEC) method used in incessant one-way and real time communication links .It can offer a great development in the error bit rates so that small, low energy, and devices cheap transmission when used in applications such as satellites. In this paper highlight the design, simulation and implementation of convolution encoder and Viterbi decoder by using MATLAB- program (2011). SIMULINK HDL coder is used to convert MATLAB-SIMULINK models to VHDL using plates Altera Cyclone II code DE2-70. Simulation and evaluation of the implementation of the results coincided with the results of the design show the coinciding with the designed results.

This paper proposes a hybrid system for secretly embedding images into the dithered multilevelimage. Confident hybridizations between steganography and quantum encryptions are either rare inliterature or suffer a poor effectiveness in secure communication. This paper scrambles and divides thesecret image into groups to be embedded in the blocks of the cover image using three chaos algorithms.These are Lorenz map, Henon map, and Logistic map algorithms. The encryption of embedded imagesconducted using the quantum one-time pad. Results showed that the proposed hybrid system succeeded inembedding and combining images with quantum cryptography algorithms.

Cement Klin Dust (CKD) was the waste of almost cement industry factories, so that in this paper utilization of CKD as filler in cement and/or concrete was the main objective. CKD from the Karbala cement factory had been used and analysis to know the chemical composition of the oxides was done. In this paper cement mortars with different weight percentages of CKD (0,5,10,20,30,40) had been prepared. Physical properties such as density and porosity were done in different age curing (3, 7, 28) day. In addition, mechanical properties included the coefficient of thermal conductivity and compressive strength had also observed with different age (3,7, and 28) for all prepared specimens. From the obtained the experimental results and their discussion, it was clear that the addition (20%) of CKD had the good results in cement mortars.

In this paper, some relations between the flows and the Enveloping Semi-group were studied. It allows to associate some properties on the topological compactification to any pointed flows. These relations enable us to study a number of the properties of the principles of flows corresponding with using algebric properties. Also in this paper proofs to some theorems of these relations are given.

The thin film of the (Al,Ti)N coating is studied with the aid of two parameters: hardness and adhesion. These parameters are very close to each other; however, in deposition field they could be interpreted differently. Several coatings of (Al,Ti)N layers are developed on tungsten carbide insert using the standard commercial Al0.67Ti0.33 cathodes in cathodic arc plating system(PVD). The influence of coating layer thickness on the mechanical properties of the coatings was investigated via two parameters: hardness and adhesion are characterized by the Rockwell tester Vickers tester. The measurements reveal that the highest hardness appears for the (Al,Ti)N thickness of 5.815 µm while the highest adhesion appears at a thickness of 3.089 µm. At the opposite extreme, the lowest hardness appears at 2.717 µm and the lowest hardness at 5.815 µm. Overall, the (Al/Ti) N coating of the thickness of 5.815 µm is controversial as it exhibits the highest hardness and the lowest adhesion. This result could be related to the effect of the formation of the micro-particle (MPs) which has a direct effect on the hardness because these MPs appear mainly on the surface and their presence at the interface is very limited. In addition, the creation of Ti buffering layer to reduce the delamination has its major effect on the adhesion but has no effect on the morphology of the surface. For these two reasons and the effect of the bias voltage, the results presented in this paper might show slight differences with other published papers. The composition of the (Al,Ti)N layer is characterized and, seemingly, it shows one important result which is showing that the ultimate composition of the (Al,Ti)N layer (Ti0.62Al0.38) is very close to the original target used in this study (Al0.67Ti0.33).

In this paper wireless optical communication system (FSO) is designed through the use of software (Optisystem) . The paper also study the effect of atmospheric dust on the performance of communication system (FSO), the effect of dust concentration on the visibility by taking a different concentrations of dust (9, 20, 40, 60, 80 100, 120) gm / month / m2 . The effect of the visibility on the attenuation of dust concentration on each of these concentrations , and calculate attenuation of dust for the wavelengths (784 nm, 1550 nm). The Paper also deals with effect of the transmitted laser power on the transmitter range (propagation distance) where five different values of transmitted laser power (10mw, 20mw, 30mw, 40mw, 50mw) are taken and the study calculates the maximum transmitter range of each value of the transmitted power under the influence of attenuation atmospheric dust concentrations for each concentration of dust used and also for the two wavelengths (1550nm, 784nm).

This paper is a contribution to research work which aims at ending the electricity crisis in Iraq. The electric power stations, which use conventional fuel, are unable to provide the growing population with electricity all day-long. Moreover, electric distribution lines are sometimes exposed to attacks by terrorists. This paper recommends solar energy as the optimum solution to the electricity problem in Iraq, since it is both renewable and friendly to the environment. The paper also concentrated on reliability techniques to improve the efficiency of the solar energy system. This was achieved by means of designing and constructing a cooling system that consists of fans, sprinklers and wipers to eliminate excessive heat from solar panels when temperature rises to maximum levels. Sprinklers and wipers are also useful for cleaning the panels because dust is a negative factor which undermines the generation capacity of solar panels. The cooling system is operated by means of a microcontroller that is programmed through Proteus 8, Arduino, and Matlab2016. Statistics reveal that a cooling system has significantly improved the productive capacity of the solar system and it can achieve an energy gain of (34.55%).

In this paper, an experimental system was designed and built to simulate conditions in the gas turbine blade cooling and run the experimental part. Boundary conditions are: inlet coolant air temperature is 300K with Reynolds numbers (Re=7901) .The surrounding constant hot air temperatures was (673 K).The numerical simulations were done by using software FLUENT version (14.5), in this part, it was presented the effect of using circular ribs having middle fin fitted in rectangular passage channel on fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics. Ribs used with pitch-rib height of 10, rectangular channel of (30x60 mm) cross section, 1.5 mm duct thickness and 0.5 m long. The temperature, velocity distribution contours, cooling air temperature distribution at the duct centerline, the inner wall surface temperature of the duct, and thermal performance factor are presented in this paper. it can be seen that the duct with all ribs with middle fins was the better case which leads to increase the coolant air temperature by (10.22 %) and decrease the inner wall temperature by (6.15 % ). The coolant air flow velocity seems to be accelerated and decelerated through the channel in the presence of ribs, so it was shown that the thermal performance factor along the duct is larger than 1, this is due to the fact that the ribs create turbulent conditions and increasing thermal surface area, and thus increasing heat transfer coefficient than the smooth channel.

Throughout this paper R represents commutative ring with identity and M is a unitary left R-module. The purpose of this paper is to investigate some new results (up to our knowledge) on the concept of weak essential submodules which introduced by Muna A. Ahmed, where a submodule N of an R-module M is called weak essential, if N ? P ? (0) for each nonzero semiprime submodule P of M. In this paper we rewrite this definition in another formula. Some new definitions are introduced and various properties of weak essential submodules are considered.