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Copyright of Ecology of Iranian Forest is the property of Sari Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources University (SANRU) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of College of Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Surra Man Raa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study considers the urban characteristics of the old city of Fallujah and the impact of the prevailing climatic characteristics on its construction. In particular this study focuses on the suitability of the construction methods and materials for a desert region characterized by high temperatures and a lack of rain. The researcher relied on the analytical and descriptive methodology to reach the research objective. This study concludes that the bot arid conditions encouraged the construction of converging residential dwellings and narrow, twisted streets, designed to produce the largest area of shadows and thereby reduce the air temperature in these areas. The same purpose also contributed to the height of roofs and the selection of building materials used in the construction of walls and ceilings, as well as the distribution of spaces within the housing units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of College of Education / Wasit is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Paying attention to climate elements that are mainly represented in the variation of ventilation systems is due to its impact on the indoor environmental quality and therefore its effect on the occupants and their activities. Consequently, the definition of the indoor environmental quality has extended beyond the concept of recognized design standards to include the mixing of architectural design with various environmental factors. The aim of this study is to assess the efficiency of hybrid ventilation and its effect on the indoor temperature and energy consumption rates in ward patient rooms in the Aswan Insurance Hospital. In order to improve the thermal performance to achieve thermal comfort as the most effective element within the health spaces of the elements of the indoor environmental quality based on a questionnaire conducted on 308 individuals, including patients, visitors and health care providers within the health facilities in Aswan. The related problems of ventilation systems (natural and mechanical) are the root case, as it is difficult to control indoor air temperature and increase the percentage of carbon dioxide as well as energy consumption. For achieving the aim of this study, the simulation program (design builder) was utilized to measure room temperature, relative humidity, co2 production and energy consumption in different ventilation conditions. The results of the study showed the ability of hybrid ventilation to reduce the room temperature, especially in summer to reach (3.5 K) .Carbon dioxide and energy consumption were fallen by a margin (90 Kg/m2), (290.9 Kwh/m2) respectively. The study also included some suggestions for the location and area of the ventilation outlet to achieve both of better natural ventilation and hybrid ventilation, which resulted in a higher rate of air change and thus increase the movement of air in the vacuum. It recommended that control strategies for hybrid ventilation should be studied in order to be familiar with all developments and to be used mainly within health facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kirkuk University Journal for Scientific Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of IUG Journal of Humanitarian Research is the property of Islamic University of Gaza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Kirkuk University Journal for Scientific Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of College of Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Literature Ink is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Production and export of Doogh as a Iranian fermented national drink have increased. Contamination of Doogh by yeasts and molds is one of the defects that results in spoilage and increasing the waste of the product. Drying and convertion of Doogh to its powder by spray dryer is one of the method for increasing the shelf life and decreasing the volume and the costs of transportation. In this study Doogh samples with fat content ( 0.5% and 1.5%), dry matter without fat and salt (3.5% and 4.5%) and 0.7% salt were first dried in preliminary tests including inlet air temperature ( 100, 150 and 200 °C), liquid feed flow rate (5,10 and 15 mL min 1 ) and drying air flow rate ( 400, 600 and 800 L h ). Best condition were adjusted accordingto the best results of solubility test and were conducted to drying the samples. fat content and dry matter had significant effect on physical, chemical and microbial characteristics of Doogh powder. First and forth formula had highest and lowest solubility. The solubility of first and forth formula was 82.11±0.62% at 25 °C and 63.18±0.33% at 15 °C respectively. Increasing the fat content results in decreasing the solubility, increasing the particle size and the rate of viable starter counts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Industrial wastewater included the cyanide is one of the important sources of environmental pollution which founded in Industrial wastewater which are harmful for human health and environment. Therefore, the purpose of this research that was fundamental designed is investigation of Removal of cyanide from aquatic solution by using of iron and copper powder in experimental scale. Material and Methods: At first, pilot was designed. Then, acquired pH optimum equal to 2,7 for copper and iron by variation pH= (2,4,6,8,12) and constant other parameters. The effect of initial cyanide concentration (40,60,80 mg/1), initial iron and copper dosage (0.08-1 g/lOOCC) and contact time (15-12 min) studied at the constant of optimum pH. Results: The result showed removal efficiency Increased from 46.6% to 90.56% and 31% to 93.78% for copper and iron by increasing of contact time from 15to 120 minute in constant conditions, respectively. Also result showed Removal efficiency decreased and increased by increasing initial cyanide concentration and initial iron and copper dosage. The results showed equilibrium data were explained acceptably by Langmuir isotherms and kinetic parameters were obtained by application of Langmuir&Hinshelwood equation. Conclusion: The results showed that removal of cyanide can be quick and effective done by iron and copper in experimental scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]