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This work dusts off a poetic experience that has not had the chance to be studied. Perhaps the fame of its author, Tunisian novelist Muhammad al-Aroussi al-Matwi, has obscured his poetic experience. It is, in our view, an important experience, as it witnessed the first moments of the birth of modern poetry in Tunisia and the conflict that accompanied that birth between the supporters of the modern poetry and the supporters of the old one. We decided, therefore, to draw a general introduction to al-Matwi’s poetic experience in two prominent sections: the first is concerned with artistic forms as they waver between the long-standing and the neoteric. The second deals with the poetic “objectives” when connected with, or separated from, the poetic scheme. And we adopted, in this paper, the descriptive analytical approach as a method of study and reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is that al-Matwi was an advocate of renewal without denying the old and that his poetry, though revolving around the three pillars of politics, symbolism, and love, ultimately wavered between two currents: the emotional current and the social nationalist one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In hydraulic active suspension systems, an often overlooked source of nonlinearity is the performance deviation of the working hydraulic oil through the wide band of operating temperatures. In this paper, a quarter-car, Simulink® Simscape nonlinear hydraulic active suspension model has been constructed, taking ISO VG 22 oil as the working oil[29]. A PID controller has been tuned for the active suspension system. Targeted response parameters were tire deflection and suspension travel, as measures of vehicle handling, and sprung-mass acceleration as a measure of riding comfort. At a typical moderate vehicle speed of 40 km/hr, system response was investigated for both a single sinusoidal bump and a continuous wavy sinusoidal road inputs. Simulation was performed at two distant, extreme, operating temperatures, namely -30°C and 60°C. Results showed that at higher temperatures, the decrease in oil viscosity of the hydraulic actuator results in higher tire-rebound amplitudes and longer settling times, and a higher sprung mass acceleration amplitude, worsening both tire-road holding and ride comfort compared to those at -30°C. The most significant conclusion is that an active suspension’s hydraulic actuator actually behaves as a nonlinear damper, besides being a force generator.

Recycling crushed clay bricks (CCB) in concrete is a sustainable and cost-effective process. Huge quantities of crushed clay bricks waste cause many serious environmental problems around the world. To deal with this problem, crushed bricks were recycled in the concrete industry as an alternative to natural resources, and the brick powder was reused as a partial replacement for cement. The objective of this paper is to study the effect of crushed clay bricks on the characteristics of concrete. 7 concrete mixtures containing coarse crushed brick aggregate (CCBA) and fine crushed brick aggregate (FCBA) were prepared as a complete substitute for sand and dolomite, respectively. Clay brick powder (CBP) and silica fume were used as a partial substitute for cement by 5%, 10%, and 15% of its weight. The water-to-cement ratio was 0.35. For comparison, a control mixture was prepared. Various tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of concrete. The results showed that the workability of the different mixtures containing CCB decreased compared to that of the reference mixture. The compressive strength values of mixtures containing CCBA had a clear decrease compared to the reference mix at 7, 28, and 56 days of curing. The modulus of rupture results had the same path as compressive strength results. The thermal conductivity coefficient for mixtures including CCBA decreased compared to the control mix. Scanning Electron Microscope images indicated crystals of calcium silicate hydrate because of the pozzolanic interaction between the brick powder and the fine crushed clay bricks with calcium hydroxide.

Abstract: Socio-cultural sustainability represents one of the important pillars of sustainable development. As one of the fundamentals targeted by Saudi Vision 2030, it aims to achieve sustainable development that enhances the living standards of citizens and improves the quality of their lives. This necessitates the provision of Saudi housing that achieves socio-cultural sustainability, to ensure it reflects the culture of the Saudi society, its social characteristics, and fosters a sense of stability and belonging, while also strengthening community ties. Especially since the contemporary Saudi housing model, heavily influenced by the social and cultural backgrounds of the places from which it was imported, is an adopted model. Therefore, there is a need for socio-cultural sustainability criteria in Saudi housing, which should serve as a reference for all design, review, and evaluation work. However, establishing these standards requires initially identifying the fundamental factors from which the criteria will be derived, through a conceptual framework that includes all elements, components, references, and applications necessary for building the model. The study aims to identify the most important factors influencing the derivation of criteria for socio-cultural sustainability in Saudi housing. Hence, the paper is based on a methodology that combines the analysis of current literature and the study of elements of socio-cultural sustainability, and how they are applied in the Saudi context, particularly in the city of Riyadh. It reviewed all concepts of socio-cultural sustainability in housing, its principles, and objectives, deduced its general characteristics and attributes, and reviewed their compatibility with the characteristics of Saudi society. It also identified the pillars of socio-cultural sustainability in Saudi housing (both traditional and contemporary), to then integrate the findings to arrive at the fundamental factors for deriving standards of socio-cultural sustainability for use in planning and designing housing in the city of Riyadh. الملخص تمثل الاستدامة الاجتماعية الثقافية إحدى الركائز المهمة للتنمية المستدامة، بصفتها من أساسيات مستهدفات رؤية المملكة العربية السعودية ٢٠٣٠ لتحقيق التنمية المستدامة، التي ترتقي بمستوى معيشة المواطن، وتحسين نوعية حياته. وهذا يستدعي العناية بتوفير إسكان سعودي يحقق الاستدامة الاجتماعية الثقافية، لضمان أن يعكس ثقافة المجتمع السعودي، وخصائصه الاجتماعية، ويحقق الشعور بالاستقرار، ويعزز الشعور بالانتماء، ويعمل على تقوية الروابط، خصوصاً وأن نموذج الإسكان السعودي المعاصر، نموذجا مستورد تأثر تأثرًا كبيرًا بالخلفيات الاجتماعية الثقافية للأماكن التي نقل منها. لذا يتعين وجود معايير للاستدامة الاجتماعية الثقافية في الإسكان السعودي، تكون مرجعًا لجميع أعمال التصميم والمراجعة والتقييم. ولكن الوصول إلى معايير للاستدامة الاجتماعية الثقافية، يستدعي في البداية الحاجة إلى تحديد العوامل الاساسية لاستخلاص المعايير، من خلال إطار مفاهيمي يشمل جميع: العناصر، والمكونات، والمرجعيات، والتطبيقات اللازمة لبناء النموذج. تهدف الدراسة إلى تحديد أهم العوامل المؤثرة في استخلاص معايير الاستدامة الاجتماعية الثقافية في الإسكان السعودي. لذا استندت الورقة إلى منهجية، تجمع بين تحليل الأدبيات الحالية ودراسة عناصر الاستدامة الاجتماعية والثقافية، وكيفية تطبيقها في السياق السعودي من خلال التطبيق على مدينة الرياض، حيث استعرضت جميع مفاهيم الاستدامة الاجتماعية الثقافية في الإسكان ومبادئها وأهدافها، واستخلصت سماتها وخصائصها العامة، وراجعت مدى توافقها مع خصائص المجتمع السعودي، بالإضافة إلى تحديد ركائز الاستدامة الاجتماعية الثقافية في الإسكان السعودي (التقليدي والمعاصر)، ليتم بعد ذلك دمج النتائج للوصول إلى العوامل الاساسية لاستخلاص معايير الاستدامة الاجتماعية الثقافية لاستخدامها في تخطيط وتصميم الإسكان في مدينة الرياض.

As the global community strives to address the pressing challenges of environmental degradation and social inequality, the role of architecture in promoting sustainable development has gained unprecedented significance. This paper explores the intrinsic connection between architecture and sustainable development, focusing on Egypt as a case study. The research follows theoretical and practical application methodology, where case studies and solutions are applied. Egypt, with its rich historical heritage and rapidly urbanizing cities, presents a unique context to investigate how the built environment can contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) outlined by the United Nations. This study adopts a multidisciplinary approach, integrating architectural analysis, urban planning principles, environmental science, and social studies to examine the various ways in which architecture influences and interacts with sustainability goals. Case Studies include two locations in Egypt as future concepts to solve problems: Downtown Cairo and Nubia-Aswan, where ideas were introduced towards a better quality of life. The findings of this research underscore the importance of collaboration between various stakeholders, such as government bodies, non-governmental organizations, architects, and the public, to create a holistic approach to sustainable architectural design and urban planning towards resilient communities. The paper also emphasizes the need for education and awareness campaigns to foster a culture of sustainability within the architectural and construction sectors. Proposed projects were introduced in the International Union of Architects (UIA) World Congress of Architects in Copenhagen 2023 and published in UIA Guidebook 2030.

Abstract: Architecture was initially defined as the functional art specialized in the concept of shelter. However, over time, deeper ideas emerged emphasizing the importance of producing creative and distinctive architecture that possesses beauty and humanity. Architecture became the material embodiment of a manifested message. With the advent of the digital revolution, a new thought and philosophy known as digital forms emerged, spreading widely across various fields, aligning with the requirements of the present era and its evolving trends. The research problem revolves around the insufficient awareness of different patterns in architecture and their relationship with architectural form. The paper aims to enhance this relationship by integrating digital architectural mechanisms into the design process, utilizing this connection to creatively produce architectural forms. The research assumes that establishing a relationship between pattern, form, and digital architectural mechanisms, harnessing them to generate architectural shapes in different ways, may contribute to creating innovative architecture. The research paper is grounded in the primary goal of identifying methods for deducing architectural form and its relationship with architectural references. This is achieved by presenting various patterns and mechanisms used in deducing form and their impact on creating distinctive architecture. The descriptive-analytical approach was employed, exploring different concepts and analytical examples to reach results and recommendations. One of the key recommendations is the necessity of revisiting the essence of architecture as a cognitive source containing a vast amount of principles adaptable to the era's variables. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of addressing the concept of pattern and its relationship with other architectural elements to enrich architectural thought and produce more distinguished architecture. The utilization of digital methods in producing architectural forms is highlighted as a means to achieve more distinctive shapes. الملخص كانت تعرف العمارة على أنها الفن الوظيفي الذى يختص بفكرة المأوى فقط ولكن بمرور الوقت ظهرت بعض الأفكار التي تعمق فكرة أهمية انتاج عمارة مبدعةومميزة بها قدر من الجمال والانسانية ؛فأصبحت العمارة هي تلك الرسالة المجسدة ماديا ؛ ومع ظهور الثورة الرقمية تم افراز فكر وفلسفة ما يعرف الان بالأشكال الرقمية والتي انتشرت بشكل واسع في شتى المجالات والتي تتجاوب مع مقتضيات هذا العصر بكل ما فيه من توجهات متجددة ؛ وتتلخص المشكلة البحثية في عدم الأدراك الكافي للأنماط المختلفة في العمارة وعلاقتها بالشكل المعماري واثراء هذه العلاقة من خلال دمج آليات العمارة الرقمية في العملية التصميمية والاستفادة من هذه العلاقة في انتاج الشكل المعماري بطريقة مبدعة ؛ وتفترض الورقة البحثية أنه بإيجاد علاقة ما بين النمط والشكل وأليات العمارة الرقمية وتسخيرها لتوليد واستنتاج الاشكال المعمارية بطرق مختلفة قد يساعد في خلق عمارة مبدعة ؛ لذلك تستند الورقة البحثية على هدف أساسي وهو تحديد طرق استنتاج الشكل المعماري وعلاقته بالمراجع المعمارية من خلال عرض الأنماط المختلفة والاليات المستخدمة في استنتاج الشكل وأثر ذلك في خلق عمارة مميزة ؛ وقد تم عرض الاهداف والوصول لحل المشكلة البحثية من خلال المنهج الوصفي التحليلي من خلال المفاهيم المختلفة والأمثلة التحليلية وتم الوصول الى مجموعة من النتائج والتوصيات أهمها ضرورة الرجوع إلى جوهر العمارة بوصفها منبعاً فكریاً حاویاً على كم هائل من المبادئ القادرة على التكیف مع متغيرات العصر، وكذلك ضرورة التطرق الى فكرة النمط وعلاقتها بباقي العناصر المكونة للعمارة وذلك لإثراء الفكر المعماري وانتاج عمارة أكثر تميزا مستعينا في ذلك بالأساليب الرقمية في انتاج الأشكال المعمارية وذلك لإنتاج أشكال أكثر تميزا

External and internal architecture is distinguished from all arts in that it deals with the basic three dimensions "length, width, and height" as well as the fourth dimension, which is time. In the art of photography, for example, man deals with two dimensions in addition to the dimension of time, but the person remains outside all these works, looking at and watching them. As for architecture, it represents a huge structural sculptural piece that a person approaches, enters, and walks in enjoying, examining it at all levels in a chronological sequence and within a certain schematic scale. The design thought shows the possibility of implementing paper folding designs with alternative industrial materials, such as: paper, cardboard, rubber, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polyethylene, fabrics, and natural materials, such as: leather, copper, aluminum, plywood, which led to an expansion Scope of using paper folding technology to form larger, thicker and more intense models. The design process relied on this approach, which was represented in achieving the values of the creative thought of interior design derived from the folding technique, and how to deal with interior design vocabulary dynamically so that it was possible to solve interior design problems inspired by the art of folding through a global perspective consistent with the principles of contemporary thought. Spectral process means the physics of adaptation in the theory of chaos or disasters, while in architecture, the concept of folding expresses a technique of origami art, which is the process of bending one layer upon another layer, and while the folding process appears as if in its content a process of repetition of the form, it is theoretically considered a subjective process As it does not delete or add any elements that make up the shape, and it is considered a precise process that addresses one of the most quality characteristics of the shape, which is the transition from one dimension to another (the second dimension to the third dimension), and it is also a process that involves changes that expand the geometric qualities of the element while maintaining with its topology.

Color is an essential element in architecture not only aesthetically, but also has a great psychological-sensory importance, so colors are responsible for a variety of psychological factors that the mind translates into feelings that vary depending on the color of the surface, it performs a function not less important than the set of compositions and other elements of construction, so identifying colors for any project is a great responsibility, it is people who will interact with the end result in a positive or negative way, not only for its architectural composition but also for its colors. When it comes to choosing colors and lighting in architecture, it is important to take into account the feeling it will make in the people who will live in it, where we unconsciously tend to allocate colors that may lead to negative effects on our bodies, personality, behavior, and mood. Color can also show a certain size, or visually simulate certain aspects of the vacuum that increase, decrease, or change the value of the space or architectural composition of the mass, so it should be used wisely so as not to give negative results to the building and users. Describing the relationship between the different colors and features governing it, or even many of the studies on these theories, is as complex as it is widespread, and the color is associated with psychology, symbolism and even mysticism; where colors take on different meanings depending on the artistic, historical or cultural period; among many other characteristics. This article does not aim to address the artistic aspects of color but seeks to reflect on the relationship between color and architecture where this paper aims to study how colors affect human beings in general and its importance and impact on architecture in particular and its relationship to various activities and uses inside and outside the architectural and urban space.

Each material has its own aesthetics and unique plastic capabilities that are reflected by the practicing artist in his appropriate performing manner and in his own artistic style of expression. Experimentation is one of the most important and effective educational approaches in teaching manual printing, as it helps in reaching new plastic solutions and various artistic visions. There are different methods and a variety of tools and ready-made printing surfaces in various forms. and some of them became the natural and industrial textile surfaces with different effects and compositions, in addition to the use of some Other materials that are suitable as printing surfaces , which were discussed by some studies and scientific research in the field of textile printing - such as the surfaces of natural and artificial wood, plastics, glass, copper, leather, which were used to print on them directly or after Some experimental operations on their surfaces to identify their different formative capabilities; Most of these surfaces may be characterized by their high prices and lack of permanent availability in the environment of the art practitioner In addition, it is sometimes difficult to obtain the true tactile effects required by the artwork to be printed. Therefore, the research turned to recycling the consumables of some different raw materials (paper - plants – foam - plastics - wood - fabrics) and conducting many experimental operations and plastic treatments developed on them in proportion to the nature of each material - for preparing and processing unique printing surfaces with tactile Renewable effects - suitable for applying various manual printing methods on them using the appropriate printing pastes and colors, so that they can be employed in contemporary printed artworks to depart from the traditional and familiar in the field of manual printing, In addition to the possibility of implementing them in the various educational stages to ensure the qualification of the learner and be able to meet the challenges of the current and future conditions of the era and to provide him with innovative thinking skills.

This paper focuses on the issue of the circular economy in the context of SDG-11 Sustainable Cities & Communities as one of the main goals of today's society. Introducing smart cities, considering the sustainability challenges that cities will face shortly and the recent technological developments that will enable them to become "smart". Under the general context of sustainable development, the circular economy is becoming an important part of providing resources to future generations, based on intra-generational and inter-generational solidarity. A smart city can be understood as a sustainable city, a city that performs well economically, administratively, environmentally, and housing-wise. This paper aims to identify some important measures that are recommended to advance this vision. It also aims to highlight the potential social and economic benefits and challenges of urban circular development; it also supplies initial evidence of the synergistic benefits created through combining the design and economic development and linking the two approaches together rather than applying them separately.